BS en 50318

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN
50318:2002
Licensed Copy: Peter Davies, Parsons Brinckerhoff Ltd., Mon Nov 14 14:13:54 GMT 2005, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
Railway applications —
Current collection
systems — Validation of
simulation of the
dynamic interaction
between pantograph
and overhead contact
line
The European Standard EN 50318:2002 has the status of a

British Standard
ICS 29.280
12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
BS EN 50318:2002
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EN 50318:2002.
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11 October 2002
Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No. Date Comments

© BSI 11 October 2002
ISBN 0 580 40560 5

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50318
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM July 2002

ICS 29.280
English version
Railway applications -
Current collection systems -
Validation of simulation of the dynamic interaction
between pantograph and overhead contact line
Applications ferroviaires - Bahnanwendungen -

Systèmes de captage de courant - Stromabnahmesysteme -
Validation des simulations de l'interaction Validierung von Simulationssystemen
dynamique entre le pantographe für das dynamische Zusammenwirken
et la caténaire zwischen Stromabnehmer und
Oberleitung
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2002-04-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2002 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 50318:2002 E

EN 50318:2002 –2–
Foreword
This European Standard was prepared by SC 9XC, Electric supply and earthing systems for public transport
equipment and ancillary apparatus (fixed installations), of Technical Committee CENELEC TC 9X, Electrical
and electronic applications for railways.
The text of the draft was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 50318 on
2002-04-01.
The following dates were fixed:
- latest date by which the EN has to be implemented

at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2003-04-01
- latest date by which the national standards conflicting

with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2005-04-01
Annexes designated "normative" are part of the body of the standard.

In this standard, annex A is normative
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European
Commission and supports the Interoperability Directive, 96/48/EC.
__________
–3– EN 50318:2002
Contents
Page
1 Scope ..................................................................................................................... 4
2 Normative references................................................................................................ 4
3 Definitions ............................................................................................................... 4
4 Symbols .................................................................................................................. 6
5 General ................................................................................................................... 6
6 Modelling of the pantograph ...................................................................................... 8
6.1 General requirements ....................................................................................... 8
6.2 Minimum data .................................................................................................. 8
7 Modelling of the overhead contact line ........................................................................ 8
7.1 General requirements ....................................................................................... 8
7.2 Minimum data .................................................................................................. 9
8 Parameters of simulation........................................................................................... 9
9 Output ................................................................................................................... 10
9.1 Contact force ................................................................................................. 10
9.2 Wire displacement.......................................................................................... 10
9.3 Pantograph displacement................................................................................ 10
9.4 Loss of contact .............................................................................................. 10
10 Validation with measured values .............................................................................. 11
10.1 Comparison values......................................................................................... 11
10.2 Limits of validation ......................................................................................... 11
11 Reference model .................................................................................................... 12
11.1 Purpose of reference model ............................................................................ 12
11.2 Reference model data .................................................................................... 12
11.3 Reference model results ................................................................................. 13
Annex A (normative) Reference model specification ........................................................ 14

A.1 Pantograph data ............................................................................................... 14
A.2 Overhead contact line data ................................................................................ 15
A.3 Parameters of simulation ................................................................................... 16
Figure 1 - Steps of evaluation..............................................................................................................7

Figure A.1 - Pantograph model .........................................................................................................14
Figure A.2 - Catenary system............................................................................................................15
Table 1 - Deviation of simulated values .............................................................................................11

Table 2 - Ranges of results from reference model .............................................................................13
Table A.1 - Pantograph data .............................................................................................................14
Table A.2 - Position of droppers ........................................................................................................15
Table A.3 - Mechanical values of wires..............................................................................................15
EN 50318:2002 –4–
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies functional requirements for the validation of simulation methods to
ensure mutual acceptance of
– input and output parameters;
– a standardized subset of test results for evaluation of simulation methods;
– comparison with measurements;
– comparison between simulation methods.
This standard applies to the current collection from an overhead contact line by pantographs mounted on
railway vehicles. It does not apply to trolley bus systems.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications
apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated
references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 50206-1 Railway applications – Rolling stock – Pantographs: Characteristics and tests –

Part 1: Pantographs for main line vehicles
EN 50317 Railway applications – Current collection systems – Requirements for and

validation of measurements of the dynamic interaction between pantograph and
overhead contact line
3 Definitions
For the purpose of this standard the following definitions apply:
3.1
contact point
point of mechanical contact between a contact strip and a contact wire
3.2
contact force
vertical force applied by the pantograph to the overhead contact line. The contact force is the sum of the
forces of all contact points
3.3
static force
mean vertical force exerted upward by the collector head on the overhead contact line, and caused by the
pantograph raising device, whilst the pantograph is raised and the vehicle is at standstill
[EN 50206-1]
3.4
aerodynamic force
vertical force applied to the pantograph as a result of air flow around the pantograph components
–5– EN 50318:2002
3.5
mean value of contact force
FM
arithmetic mean of contact force
3.6
standard deviation of contact force
s
square root of the sum of the square errors divided by the number of output values minus 1
3.7
statistical minimum of contact force
value of contact force represented by FM – 3 s
3.8
statistical maximum of contact force
value of contact force represented by FM + 3 s
3.9
minimum of contact force
minimum contact force while the pantograph passes over the analysis section
3.10
maximum of contact force
maximum contact force while the pantograph passes over the ananlysis section
3.11
loss of contact
condition when the contact force is zero
3.12
simulation method
any numerical method that uses a fixed set of input parameters describing a system (e.g.
pantograph/overhead contact line system) to calculate a set of output values representative of the
dynamic behaviour of this system
3.13
pantograph model
mathematical model describing the dynamic characteristics of the pantograph
3.14
mass–spring–damper–model
method representing a dynamic mechanical system (e.g. pantograph) as a series of discrete
concentrated masses connected together by spring and damper elements
3.15
transfer function of a pantograph
ratio of an applied force to the response of the pantograph, depending on frequency. For example the
apparent mass function, as ratio of an applied sinusoidal force to the corresponding acceleration
3.16
collector head
part of the pantograph supported by the frame, which includes contact strips, horns and may include a
suspension
EN 50318:2002 –6–
3.17
overhead contact line model
mathematical model in a two- or three-dimensional geometry describing the dynamic characteristics of an

overhead contact line
3.18
wave propagation speed of the contact wire
speed of a transversal wave, which runs along the contact wire
3.19
maximum uplift at the support
maximum value of the vertical uplift at each support within the analysis section, while the pantograph
passes
3.20
analysis section
subset of the total overhead contact line model length which consists of those parts over which the
passage of the pantographs is not influenced by initial transients and end effects of the model
3.21
frequency range of interest
frequency range within which the dynamic performance of the overhead contact line – pantograph system
is considered
4 Symbols
FM mean value of contact force
s standard deviation of contact force
5 General
The theoretical study of the dynamic interaction between pantograph and overhead contact line by
computer simulation makes it possible, to obtain much information about the system and to minimise the
costs of line tests.
Depending on the phenomena to be studied, the frequency range of interest shall be defined in advance
and shall be consistent with the pantograph model, overhead contact line model and simulation method
and with the measurement system.
The simulation method shall be assessed by the use of comparisons between the results of the
simulation and line tests or by comparison with other validated simulation methods. A validation of the
method shall be done in accordance with clause 10.
In order to be used with confidence the simulation method shall be evaluated. The evaluation for a
simulation method shall be done with the two steps which are shown in Figure 1.
–7– EN 50318:2002
1 Start validation
Unchecked
simulation method
n Benchmark with
1 reference model (see validation step 1
clause 11)
Step 1 validated
simulation method
2
line test results

conditions X n
simulation input for

conditions X n acc. to
clause 6,7,8
validation acc. to
n
1 subclause
sublause 10.1 for validation step 2
conditions X n
step 2 validated simulation

method for condition X n
usable in ranges acc. to
subclause 10.2
y
further conditions 2
End validation
Figure 1 – Steps of evaluation

EN 50318:2002 –8–
6 Modelling of the pantograph

6.1 General requirements
A pantograph model shall describe the dynamic characteristics of a pantograph in the frequency range of
interest.
NOTE Possible modelling methods are discrete mass-spring-damper-models, multi-body systems, finite-element-models or the
transfer function of the pantograph.
The characteristics of control and the dynamic characteristics of active pantographs shall be available for
the modelling method.
6.2 Minimum data
The following parameters of the pantograph shall be available for simulation:
– kinematics;
– mass distribution;
– degree of freedom of joints;
– damping characteristics;
– spring characteristics;
– friction values;
– stiffness;
– bump stops;
– location of application of the static force;
– location of application of the aerodynamic forces.
NOTE Aerodynamic forces usually depend on the orientation, operation height and position of the pantograph and the type of train.
These parameters shall take into account other dependencies (operation height, stagger, non-linearities,
frequency), if required.
7 Modelling of the overhead contact line
7.1 General requirements
The model of the overhead contact line shall describe the dynamic characteristics in the frequency range
of interest.
The overhead contact line may be modelled with two- or three-dimensional geometry, depending on the
phenomena to be investigated.
If required, the overhead contact line model shall be modelled including all tensioning equipment or any
discrete components such as section insulators, insulated overlaps or others.
–9– EN 50318:2002
7.2 Minimum data
The following geometrical and mechanical parameters of an overhead contact line shall be available for
simulation:
– length of overhead contact line model. The length of the overhead contact line model shall be at least
three times the spacing between the first and last pantograph, with a minimum of 10 spans;
– length of each span;
– position of droppers;
– contact wire height (sag, dropper length, wire gradients);
– encumbrance at the supports;
– geometry and mass distribution of steady arms;
– stagger;
– number and characteristics of wires (contact wire, catenary wire, auxiliary wire, stitch wire,
droppers, …);
– mass per unit length of the wires or density and cross-section;
– mechanical tension of wires. Where the tension depends on temperature, this relationship shall be
specified;
– mass of links between wires and droppers (clamps);
– the mechanical characteristics of the supports and structures;
– the stiffness characteristic of droppers.
8 Parameters of simulation
The parameters of the pantograph and overhead contact line shall be given according to clauses 6 and 7.
In addition, the following parameters shall be defined if applicable:
– train speed;
– analysis section;
– number of and distances between pantographs;
– static force of each pantograph;
– aerodynamic forces of each pantograph;
– operation height of the pantograph;
– wire temperatures;
– damping of the overhead contact line;
– frequency range of interest.

EN 50318:2002 – 10 –
9 Output
The simulation shall calculate the variation of the contact forces, the wire movements and the pantograph
movements when the pantograph passes along the overhead contact line model.
The output parameters shall be filtered to exclude frequencies outside the frequency range of interest.
The outputs from the simulation shall be analysed over the analysis section.
The following subclauses specify the outputs for a single pantograph. If the train has more than one
pantograph, then the output shall be available for each pantograph.
9.1 Contact force
Required outputs:
– mean value of the contact force FM;
– standard deviation of the contact force s;
– statistical maximum and minimum of contact force;
– actual maximum and minimum of contact force;
– statistical distribution (histogram) of contact force.
The time history of the contact force shall be available as output.
9.2 Wire displacement
Required output:
– maximum uplift of the contact wire at the support.
The time history of vertical displacement of the wire at any specific point shall be available for output.
9.3 Pantograph displacement
Required output:
– maximum and minimum vertical displacement of the point of contact.
The time history of the vertical displacement of any point of the pantograph model should be available for
output.
9.4 Loss of contact
Required output:
– percentage of time of loss of contact.

– 11 – EN 50318:2002
10 Validation with measured values

The validation of a simulation system shall be carried out by comparison of simulated results with
measured values from a line test. The line test shall be carried out with a measurement equipment
according to EN 50317. The conditions for the validation are given in 10.1.
The simulation results shall be filtered in the same frequency range as the measured values.
The measured values shall be available as time histories.
10.1 Comparison values
The validation shall be done by comparison between simulated and measured values of contact forces
and displacements in the overhead contact line.
The comparison shall be done for the:
– standard deviation of the contact force s,
– maximum uplift at the support,
– range between maximum and minimum vertical displacement of the point of contact.
The deviation of the simulated values from the measured values shall be within the tolerances given in
Table 1.
Table 1 – Deviation of simulated values
Required accuracy
Parameter
%
Standard deviation of the contact force s ± 20
Maximum uplift at the support ± 20
Range of vertical displacement of the point of contact ± 20
NOTE These accuracies include an allowance for the accuracy of the measurement system and the
repeatability of the measurement values.
For the comparison the minimum length of the analysis section shall be defined, so that the results are
representative for the behaviour of the overhead contact line.
10.2 Limits of validation
To use a simulation method under conditions that differ from those which it was validated for, limits for the
changes are necessary.
A validation carried out in accordance with 10.1 may be applied to other pantographs according to 10.2.1,
to other overhead contact lines according to 10.2.2 and to other simulation parameters according to
10.2.3.
EN 50318:2002 – 12 –
10.2.1 Deviations of pantograph parameters
Changes of the values of parameters of the pantograph (e.g. spring rate, friction coefficient, material
properties, …) shall be accepted.
Changes in the configuration of the pantograph such as number of independent contact strips,
pantographs with and without active components shall not be accepted.
10.2.2 Deviations of overhead contact line parameters
Changes of the values of parameters of the overhead contact line (e. g. tensile forces, material, type of
droppers, cross-sections, mechanical characteristics of the supports and structures, ...) shall be accepted.
Changes in the number of contact wires, catenary wires, auxiliary wires and stitch wires shall not be
accepted.
10.2.3 Deviations of the simulation parameters
Changes in the simulation speed shall be accepted up to the validation speed increased by 5 % of the
wave propagation speed of the contact wire of the validated model.
Changes in the distance between the pantographs per train shall be accepted.
Changes in the static and aerodynamic forces of the pantographs shall be accepted.
Changes in wire temperatures or damping of overhead contact lines shall be accepted.
Changes in the height of the contact wire shall be accepted.
Changes in the frequency range of interest shall not be accepted.
Changes between one or more than one pantograph per train shall not be accepted.
11 Reference model
11.1 Purpose of reference model
Before using a simulation method it is important to gain confidence in its accuracy.
As first step of validation, it is necessary to check the simulation method by using a reference model.
If the results are within the limits given in Table 2, then the simulation method can be used for the next
step of validation (step 2 of Figure 1).
If the results are not within the limits given in Table 2, then the method shall be rejected.
11.2 Reference model data
The data for the reference model are given in annex A according to clauses 6, 7 and 8.
– 13 – EN 50318:2002
11.3 Reference model results
The calculations using the reference model shall produce output results according to clause 9. The
results shall be within ranges given in Table 2.
Table 2 – Ranges of results from reference model
Range of results
speed [km/h] 250 300
FM [N] 110 to 120 110 to 120
s [N] 26 to 31 32 to 40
Statistical maximum of contact force [N] 190 to 210 210 to 230
Statistical minimum of contact force [N] 20 to 40 - 5 to 20
Actual maximum of contact force [N] 175 to 210 190 to 225
Actual minimum of contact force [N] 50 to 75 30 to 55
Maximum uplift at support [mm] 48 to 55 55 to 65
Percentage of loss of contact [%] 0 0
NOTE The values in the table are based on results from five independent simulation methods. These methods have
been checked with results from line tests.
EN 50318:2002 – 14 –
Annex A
(normative)
Reference model specification
A.1 Pantograph data
The pantograph is defined as a discrete mass-spring-damper-model as shown in Figure A.1. The data are
given in Table A.1.
collector head
articulating frame
base frame
Figure A.1 – Pantograph model
Table A.1 – Pantograph data
Effective dynamic mass Stiffness Damping

kg N/m Ns/m
Contact spring - kc = 50 000 -
Collector head m1 = 7,2 k1 = 4 200 r1 = 10
Articulation frame m2 = 15 k2 = 50 r2 = 90
NOTE 1 The contact spring is not part of the pantograph but the use of this spring may be necessary to calculate
the correct results, depending from the pantograph model.
NOTE 2 Aerodynamic forces are taken as 0 N.
NOTE 3 A constant force F2 is applied to mass m2 so that the static force is equal to 120 N.
NOTE For this step of validation this simple one dimensional pantograph model is used with a more-dimensional overhead contact
line model.
– 15 – EN 50318:2002
A.2 Overhead contact line data
The overhead contact line is defined as a catenary system with single contact wire. The model consists of
ten identical spans with the following data:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
span length = 60 m
encumbrance = 1,2 m
stagger = ± 0,2 m
Figure A.2 – Catenary system
The contact wire support is a steady arm consisting of a rod with a length of 1,0 m and a mass per unit
length of 1,0 kg/m. The support of the catenary wire and the end of the registration arm are fixed points.
Positions of droppers along the span are given in Table A.2.
Table A.2 – Position of droppers
Dropper 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
X [m] 5 10,5 17,0 23,5 30,0 36,5 43,0 49,5 55,0
The dropper stiffness is defined as 100 000 N/m for tension and 0 N/m for compression. The heights for
all nodes between contact wire and droppers and between contact wire and steady arms are equal.
The mechanical tension and the mass per unit length is given in Table A.3.
Table A.3 – Mechanical values of wires
Tension mass/unit length

N kg/m
Catenary wire 16 000 1,07
Contact wire 20 000 1,35
EN 50318:2002 – 16 –
The tensioning forces for the contact wire and the catenary wire are constant.
The masses of the droppers (including its clips and clamps) and other clamps of the catenary are to be
taken as zero.
A.3 Parameters of simulation
The calculation shall be carried out for
– speeds of 250 km/h and 300 km/h;
– one pantograph;
– a frequency range of interest from 0 Hz to 20 Hz.
The damping of the overhead contact line is zero. The analysis section is defined as span 5 and span 6
including the end supports.
blank
BS EN
50318:2002
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BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

The European Standard EN 50318:2002 has the status of a

— aid enquirers to understand the text;

— present to the responsible international/European committee any

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on

This British Standard, having Summary of pages

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments

ISBN 0 580 40560 5

EUROPÄISCHE NORM July 2002

Applications ferroviaires - Bahnanwendungen -

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels

Ref. No. EN 50318:2002 E

The following dates were fixed:

- latest date by which the EN has to be implemented

- latest date by which the national standards conflicting

Annexes designated "normative" are part of the body of the standard.

Annex A (normative) Reference model specification ........................................................ 14

Figure 1 - Steps of evaluation..............................................................................................................7

Table 1 - Deviation of simulated values .............................................................................................11

– input and output parameters;

– a standardized subset of test results for evaluation of simulation methods;

– comparison with measurements;

– comparison between simulation methods.

EN 50206-1 Railway applications – Rolling stock – Pantographs: Characteristics and tests –

EN 50317 Railway applications – Current collection systems – Requirements for and

For the purpose of this standard the following definitions apply:

arithmetic mean of contact force

mathematical model in a two- or three-dimensional geometry describing the dynamic characteristics of an

FM mean value of contact force

s standard deviation of contact force

line test results

simulation input for

step 2 validated simulation

Figure 1 – Steps of evaluation

6 Modelling of the pantograph

6.1 General requirements

6.2 Minimum data

The following parameters of the pantograph shall be available for simulation:

– degree of freedom of joints;

– location of application of the static force;

– location of application of the aerodynamic forces.

7 Modelling of the overhead contact line

7.1 General requirements

7.2 Minimum data

– length of each span;

– contact wire height (sag, dropper length, wire gradients);

– encumbrance at the supports;

– geometry and mass distribution of steady arms;

– mass per unit length of the wires or density and cross-section;

– mass of links between wires and droppers (clamps);

– the mechanical characteristics of the supports and structures;

– the stiffness characteristic of droppers.

In addition, the following parameters shall be defined if applicable:

– number of and distances between pantographs;

– static force of each pantograph;

– aerodynamic forces of each pantograph;

– operation height of the pantograph;

– damping of the overhead contact line;

– frequency range of interest.

9.1 Contact force

– mean value of the contact force FM;

– standard deviation of the contact force s;