JEKYLL PAL-ING

GRADE XI-TVL COMPUTER PROGRAMMING A

DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTIONIST

TOPIC 6: Hydrometeorological Hazards

ENGAGE

What is PAGASA? What information can we get from this agency? Enumerate.

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (Filipino:

Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmosperiko, Heopisiko at Astronomiko, abbreviated
as PAGASA [pagˈasa], which means "hope" as in the Tagalog word pag-asa) is the National
Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) agency of the Philippines mandated to
provide protection against natural calamities and to insure the safety, well-being and economic
security of all the people, and for the promotion of national progress by undertaking scientific
and technological services in meteorology, hydrology, climatology, astronomy and other
geophysical sciences. Created on December 8, 1972 by reorganizing the Weather Bureau,
PAGASA now serves as one of the Scientific and Technological Services Institutes of the
Department of Science and Technology.

Informations that we get from this agency:

PAGASA is the Philippine national institution dedicated to provide flood and typhoon warnings,
public weather forecasts and advisories, meteorological, astronomical, climatological, and other
specialized information and services primarily for the protection of life and property and in
support of economic, productivity.

EXPLORE

Define the following:

1. Typhoon

● A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the
Northern Hemisphere. This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, and
is the most active tropical cyclone basin on Earth, accounting for almost one-third of the
world's annual tropical cyclones.

2. Thunderstorm

● Thunderstorm, a violent short-lived weather disturbance that is almost always associated

with lightning, thunder, dense clouds, heavy rain or hail, and strong gusty winds.
 Thunderstorms arise when layers of warm, moist air rise in a large, swift updraft to cooler
regions of the atmosphere.

3. Flashflood

● A flash flood is a rapid flooding of low-lying areas: washes, rivers, dry lakes and
depressions. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm,
hurricane, tropical storm, or meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or
snowfields.

4. Flood

● Floods are the most frequent type of natural disaster and occur when an overflow of
water submerges land that is usually dry. There are 3 common types of floods: Flash
floods are caused by rapid and excessive rainfall that raises water heights quickly, and
rivers, streams, channels or roads may be overtaken.

5. Stormsurge

● Storm surge is the abnormal rise in seawater level during a storm, measured as the
height of the water above the normal predicted astronomical tide. The surge is caused
primarily by a storm's winds pushing water onshore.

6. El niño

● El Niño is a climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface waters in the
eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. El Nino is the “warm phase” of a larger phenomenon
called the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). El Niño was recognized by fishers off
the coast of Peru as the appearance of unusually warm water.

7. La niña

● La Niña is a climate pattern that describes the cooling of surface ocean waters along the
tropical west coast of South America. La Nina is considered to be the counterpart to El
Nino, which is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the equatorial
region of the Pacific Ocean.