BANGLADESH INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, DAMMAM

THE PERIODIC TABLE

AN OVERVIEW OF THE PERIODIC TABLE

RECALL YOUR PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE

GRADE:………. SECTION:………. ID. NO………. NAME:………………….. DATE:…………

1. What is the Periodic Table?
The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the (chemical) elements, is a
tabular display of the chemical elements. It is widely used in chemistry, physics, and
other sciences, and is generally seen as an icon of chemistry.

2. Chemist considers the Periodic Table very useful. Why?

It gives order to the chemistry of the elements, and allows predictions to be made
about properties.

3. Define period and group.

Period: A period in the periodic table is a row of chemical elements. All elements in a
row have the same number of electron shells. Each next element in a period has one
more proton and is less metallic than its predecessor.

Group: In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) is a column of elements in

the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic
table.

4. How many
(a) Element are there in the Periodic Table? 118
(b) Periods are there in the Periodic Table? Seven
(c) Groups are there in the Periodic Table? 18 (according to the
modern IUPAC nomenclature)
(d) Natural elements are there in the Periodic Table? 92 (92 naturally occurring
elements found in earth's crust and ocean and two elements, Technetium (43Tc)
and Promethium (61Pm), which are created as byproducts of nuclear reactors)
(e) Synthetic elements are there in the Periodic Table? 24 (The synthetic elements
are those with atomic numbers 95–118)
 (f) Elements are there in Period
(i) 1 : 2 elements
(ii) 2, 3 : 8 elements in each period
(iii) 4,5 : 18 elements in each period
(iv) 6,7 : 32 elements in each period

5. What is meant by synthetic element?

The man-made elements are called synthetic elements. These elements are formed
artificially and do not occur naturally on earth. There are a total of 24 elements

6. What the special names given to:

(a) Group I or 1 : the alkali metals
(g) The alkali metals consist of the chemical
elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K),] rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs),
and francium (Fr). Together with hydrogen they constitute group 1 (according to the
modern IUPAC nomenclature)

Why are they called that?

Their oxides and hydroxides form alkaline solutions.

(b) Group II or 2 : alkaline earth metals

The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic
table. They are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr),
barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).

Why are they called that?

The alkaline earth metals are named after their oxides, the alkaline earths. These
oxides are basic (alkaline) when combined with water.

(c) Group VII or 17 : the halogens

The halogens  are a group in the periodic table consisting of five or six chemically
related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).
The artificially created element 117, tennessine (Ts), may also be a halogen. In the
modern IUPAC nomenclature, this group is known as group 17.

Why are they called that?

The word "halogen" means "salt former". When halogens react with metals, they produce a
wide range of salts, 
 (d) Group VIII or 0 or 18 : the noble gases

Why are they called that?

The noble gases (historically also the inert gases) make up a class of chemical

elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odorless,
colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity. The six naturally occurring
noble gases are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), the
radioactive radon (Rn) and one synthetic element oganesson (Og).

7. The symbols for some elements come from their Latin names. See if you can identify
the element whose Latin name is:

(a) Natrium : Sodium

(b) Ferrum : Iron
(c) Plumbum : Lead
(d) Argentum : Silver

8. Which element is named after:

(a) Europe? Europium - 63Eu
(b) Dmitri Mendeleeev? Mendelevium - 101Md
(c) America? Americium - 95Am

9. See if you can pick out an element named after the famous scientist Albert Einstein.
Einsteinium - 99Es

10. Use the Periodic Table to find the names of:

(a) Three metals in common use around you
Iron, aluminium and copper
(b) Two non – metals that you breathe in
Oxygen, nitrogen

11. Using only the Periodic Table to help you, write down everything you can about:
(a) Nitrogen

a non – metal, atom contains 7 electrons, 7 protons, 7 neutrons, two electron shells
so electron distribution is 2.5
 (b) Magnesium

Metal, contains 12 protons, 12 electrons, 12 neutrons; three electron shells so

electron distribution is 2.8.2

12. Which line separate metals from non –metals?

Zig- zag line.

13. Where do you find metals and non- metals in the Periodic Table?
Metals are on the left side of zig – zag line and non – metal on the right side of the
zig – zag line except hydrogen.

14. Which is the most reactive non – metal?

fluorine

15. Only two groups in the table are completely non – metal. Which two?
VII/17 and VIII/ 0/18

16. Where, in the Periodic Table, will the largest atom be found?
At the bottom of group 1.

17. Which is likely to be more reactive, oxygen or krypton? Why?

Oxygen; krypton has a stable outer shell of electrons already so is unreactive.

18. What is meant by metalloid? Name the metalloid present in the Periodic table?
An element that has properties of a metal and a non – metal. The six commonly
recognised metalloids are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium. Five
elements are less frequently so classified: carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium,
and astatine.