USMLE step 1 - mnemonics

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1. causes of cardiac heART CUPS 7. gram postive "corny actors knock back listerine in
tamponade organisms the closet"
aortic dissection
(retrograde/Stanford type 1) corynebacteria diphtheriaea
rupture of the myocardium (e.g. actinomyces
5-10d post-MI) nocardia
trauma bacillus
cancer listeria
uremia clostridia
pericarditis (and staph and strep)
surgery
8. nephrotic syndrome "diabetics are forever managing
2. causes of dilated PumP DIET diseases many meds"
cardiomyopathy
pregnancy diabetic glomerulonephropathy
post-viral amyloidosis
doxorubicin (irreversible) focal segmental glomerulonephritis
idiopathic minimal change
EtOH (reversible) membranous
thiamine deficiency membranoproliferative
3. causes of microcytic CLITS 9. nephritis syndrome AABCD
hypochromic anemia diseases
chronic disease (late) alport's
lead poisoning acute post-strep
iron deficiency burger's (IgA nephropathy)
thalassemias crescentic (Wegener's,
sideroblastic (porphyrias: heme Goodpasture's, microscopic
synthesis defect) polyangiitis)
diffuse membranous
4. causes of acute pancreatitis GET SMASHED
10. neuroectoderm CAPPERS
gall stones derivatives
EtOH CNS
trauma astrocytes
steroids posterior pituitary
mumps pineal gland
autoimmune ependymal cells
scorpion sting retina
hypercalcemia, spinal cord
hypertriglyceridemia
11. branches of the "celery soup really tests intestines"
ERCP
abdominal aorta
drugs (e.g. sulfa)
celiac trunk (T12)
5. aminoglycosides GNATS superior mesenteric a. (L1)
renal a. (L1)
gentamycin testicular/ovarian a. (L2)
neomycin inferior mesenteric a. (L3)
amikicin
12. meds with ototoxicity "sister lupe vanquishes gnats"
tobramycin
and nephrotoxicity
streptomycin
cisplatin
6. catalase+ organisims SPACE loop diuretics
vancomycin
staphylococcus aminoglycosides (GNATS)
pseudomonas
13. killed viral vaccines RIP Always
aspergillus
candida
rabies
e. coli and enterobacter
influenza
polio (salk)
hepatitis A
14. live viral MMR. V. RASPY 20. facultatively Some Nasty Bugs May Live
vaccines intracellular bacteria FacultativeLY
measles
mumps salmonella
rubella neisseria
varicella brucella
rotovirus mycobacterium
adenovirus legionella
small pox francisella
polio (sabin) listeria
yellow fever yersinia
15. obligate "bad closet actors" or "can't breathe air" 21. X-linked recessive Be Wise, Fool's GOLD Heeds False
anaerobes disorders Hope
clostridium
bacteroides Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
actinomyces Wiskott-Aldrich
Fabry's
16. CYP450 inducers Queen Barb Steals Phen-phen and
G6PDase deficiency
Refuses Greasy Carbs chronically"
Ocular albinism
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
quinidine
Duchenne's (and Beckett's)
barbiturates
muscular dystrophy
St. John's wort
Hemophilia A and B
phenytoin
Fragile X (also trinucleotide repeat
rifampin
expansion dz)
griseofulvin
Hunter's syndrome
carbamazepine
chronic EtOH use 22. enzymes of Pathway Produces Fresh Glucose
gluconeogenesis
17. tumor suppressor PRoBaBly PAWNDD
pyruvate carboxylase
genes
PEP carboxykinase
p53 (most cancers, Li-Fraumeni, target of
F-1,6-BPase
HPV E6)
G6Pase
Rb (retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, target
of HPV E7) 23. obligate aerobes kNock Back My supper
BRCA1 (breast and ovarian)
BRCA2 (breast) Nocardia
P16 (melanoma) Pseudomonas
APC (FAP-related CRC) Mycobacterium
WT1 (wilm's tumor) Bacillus
NF1&2 (neurofibromatosis)
24. causes of metabolic HEALTH
DPC (pancreatic cancer)
alkalosis
DCC (colorectal cancer)
hyperaldosteronism
18. DNA viruses "Pardon PaPa As He Has Pox" emesis
antacids
parvovirus B19 loop diuretics
papilloma virus thiazide diuretics
polyomavirus
25. effects of T3/T4 the 4 B's
adenovirus
hepatitis B
bone metabolism
herpesvirus
brain development
poxvirus (molluscum contagiosum)
basal metabolic rate (increase)
19. obligate stay inside because it's Really Cold beta-1 effect on heart
intracellular
bacteria rickettsia
chlamydiae
26. CYP450 inhibitors MAGIC RACKS 31. urease+ organisms PUNCH

macrolides proteus mirabilis

amiodarone ureaplasma
grapefruit nocardia
isoniazid cryptococcus
cimetidine helicobacter
ritonavir
32. organisms with capsular Some Killers Have Pretty Nice
acute EtOH use
polysaccharides Capsules
ciprofloxacin
ketoconazole
strep pneumo
sulfonamides
klebsiella
27. leukocyte chemotactic CILK haemophilus
factors pseudomonas
C5a neisseria meningitidus
IL-8 cryptococcus
Leukotriene B4
33. protooncogenes able erb retired to micronesia with
kallikrein
lauren bacall to raise kids
28. retroperitoneal structures SAD PUCKER
abl (CML)
suprarenal (adrenal) glands erb (breast, ovarian, gastric ca)
aorta (and IVC) ret (MEN2 A and B)
duodenum (2nd, 3rd, 4th parts) n-myc (neuroblastoma)
pancreas (head and body) l-myc (lung cancer)
ureters c-myc (Burkitt's lymphoma)
colon (ascending and bcl2 (lymphoma)
descending) ras (CRC)
esophagus (lower 2/3) c-kit (GIST)
rectum (upper 2/3)
34. autosomal recessive LATCH GASP
29. neural crest derivatives MADCAP SACS COP diseases
lysosomal storage diseases
melanocytes (except Fabry's and Hunter's)
aorticopulomanary septum albinism
dorsal root ganglion thalassemias
celiac ganglion cystic fibrosis
arachnoid hemochromatosis
pia glycogen storage diseases
skull bones ARPKD
ANS sickle cell
chromaffin cells (of adrenal phenylketonuria
medulla)
35. bacteria with exotoxins PACE
schwann cells
that up-regulate cAMP
cranial nerves
pertussis (inhibits Gi)
odontoblasts
anthrax (mimics adenylyl cyclase)
parafollicular cells of thyroid
cholera (permanently activates
30. endoderm derivatives GFPPLLT Gs)
ETEC (stimulates adenylyl
gut tube epithelium cyclase)
follicular cells of thyroid
36. derivatives of surface EAGLE
pancreas
ectoderm
parathyroids
epithelium of skin, oral cavity,
liver
olfactory
lungs
anterior pituitary
thymus
glands: salivary, sweat, mammary
lens
ear sensory organs
37. effects of altitude BP HEME

BPG increase (O2 unloading)

pulmonary vasoconstriction (RVH)
hyperventilation (dec PCO2 and PO2)
epo synth (inc Hct and Hb)
mitochondrial proliferation
excretion of HCO3 in kidneys
38. mesoderm derivatives DUMB COCKS BLAB BEST

dermis
urethra
muscle
bone (except skull and teeth)
connective tissue
ovaries
CV structures
kidneys
spleen
blood
lymphatics
adrenal cortex
bladder
Bvagina
eustachian tube
serous linings (e.g. peritoneum)
testes