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3EMT1 ArafolBabaCabreraCalayagCasingcasing
3EMT1 ArafolBabaCabreraCalayagCasingcasing
Baba, Charmine D.
Cabrera, Jannily S.
Casingcasing, Anthony C.
BSES-3EMT1
A.Y: 2022-2023
I. Introduction
As the population continues to grow, the demand for natural resources also
increases. Resources such as wood and minerals are essential in the development
of society. In this study, logging refers to the practice of cutting down trees, and
mining as the process of obtaining minerals from the earth. In Misamis Oriental,
Cagayan de Oro, the area is abundant with trees and mineral resources such as
limestone, gold, and iron deposits. This is because there is direct access to these
resources, thus why both logging and mining is commonly done in the area for many
economic reasons.
timber from virgin forests at rates well below genuine market values is largely to
blame for this decrease, which is also ascribed to a variety of ineffective and poorly
the past, which inhibited long-term investments in forest development and slowed
down private sector initiatives. The rate of forest degradation increased to very
dangerous levels, and neither natural nor man-made methods of forest regeneration
could ever catch up. Additionally, the institutions tasked with implementing forest
policies to resolve all of these issues lacked the necessary tools to effectively
address the problem. While this is going on, the social contexts in the uplands and
nearby forests. Communities are still putting pressure on natural resources, which
has made it harder to preserve the forests. The country’s once-rich woods are
continuing to lose their essential roles as a result of the extremely high rate of
poverty in the uplands, which also worsens issues with environmental degradation.
According to Philstar (2022), two House bills regarding the prohibitions of
logging and mining activities in Cagayan de Oro City have been approved by the
House Committees in Natural resources. The measures were initially filed in the 14th
Congress, and re-filed in the 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th Congresses by Cagayan de
Oro representative, Rufus Rodriguez. However, this has yet to be acted upon by the
Senate.
Anthropogenic activities such as mining and logging are one of the major
perceived that immediate action would lessen the burden. This however, should
consider that the cooperation and participation from the community also factors the
success in its rehabilitation as it also concerns them. As such, the researchers intend
to assess the insights of the participants on the mining and logging bans.
Objectives
2. To evaluate the impact on the livelihood of the residents and the condition of
Logging in Barangay Bayanga. With the help of these related literatures the
In the recent study of Wireko-Gyebi et al. (2020), revealed that the miners
which also the study participants suffered being excluded of the entire process. They
reiterated that they had no direct involvement in the process to prohibit illegal mining
licensing requirements are to blame for the surge of illegal mining in Ghana. The
majority of miner’s illegal behavior is the root of illegal mining by certain factors that
result, many of the miners suffered being maltreated, beaten, and even jailed and
prosecuted. The miners also stated that thereafter, management of ASM activities,
which include permitted miners and creating a substitute livelihood programs and
project proposals were all done without the involvement of miners. Another
ought to be included right away. People tend to reject or ignore what the government
says when they aren’t involved in the decision-making process (UNDP, 2002).
Involving all parties are necessary to have understanding of issues among involved
The DENR has a poor budget to carry out the Herculean task of enforcing the
logging ban in more than 60 provinces, according to a brief evaluation of its existing
resources and budget for forest protection and replanting (Pascual, 2005). From the
the old-growth forests in the region. Since the national logging moratorium was put
into effect in 1998, numerous laws have been put in place to safeguard old-growth
forests, and our whole research area is now in some manner protected (Wang et al.,
logging bans at the national level. However, several provinces are starting small-
scale initiatives to preserve the woods and reforest the areas that have been
cleared. The State Forestry Administration (SFA) and the Chinese Government have
long placed a high priority on protecting natural forests, and numerous laws and
regulations have been created to do so. Although substantial exploitation has not yet
been effectively addressed, these activities play significant roles in minimizing the
loss and depletion of natural forests. The government enacted logging bans on
natural forests to halt the deterioration of the environment and ensure sustainable
Sarker et al. (2011) stated how the Bangladesh Forest Department (BFD)
implemented policies and management systems in its forest conservation efforts and
has undergone various changes in its regimes. However, the policies have not yet
been fully implemented and do not specifically address the banning of forestry
logging. The ban itself is not the issue that imposes on its success, but rather the
protected areas in the Philippines. Several projects have been made and sponsored
in order to strengthen DENR’s efforts in managing the protected areas, but remain
timber, it has been reported that the use of illegal wood persists. Concerns regarding
bribery, absence of law enforcement, and corruption also ties down to its success.
Therefore, due to ineffective law enforcement, policy interventions were futile to stop
A study conducted by Zolnikov (2020) stated that mining ban had unintended
consequences, including the loss of employment for about 1 million people. The ban
prevented the miners from working in mining, which forced them to take on low-
paying, unstable substitute jobs, leaving them unable to cover their living expenses.
More than their financial well-being, the ban on mining had a significant negative
psychological, and social well-being. The majority of artisanal miners disregarded the
prohibition and carried on with their work, but not as quickly; as a result, their
A study on the mining suspension in Goa around October 2012, has reviewed
which there have been improvements in the environment and those that reside near
the mines. Pollution such as air, noise, and water had notably decreased and its
quality had become better. Mine owners, truck drivers, and people employed and
related in the mining industry had claimed a loss in income. Although there had been
instances of its positive outcome in the agricultural industry as well as those who
looked for alternatives (Jorge et al, 2013). This shows that whether regulations have
been successful or not, it is expected that there will be adverse effects and that the
community may not always be supportive of them. Despite the benefits of the
community and environment of Goa, there had been protestants on the suspension
significant impact on about two million displaced workers in the wood production and
furniture industries. There aren’t enough alternate job opportunities to take on the
displaced workers. The logging ban affects 10,000 businesses, 2,500 of which are
involved in the furniture export industry. Loss of employment and associated means
of survival are well-established driving forces for displaced workers and neighboring
already live in forest areas, and the logging ban may increase this number. Forest
Management Bureau (2015) stated that only 25% is produced by local wood
processing companies, 40% comes from illegal logging, and the remaining 80% is
imported. The logging ban reduces the contribution of corporate processors, while
illegal logging sources and importation fill the void. In a study conducted by
Bugayong (2006), the loss of tenure over areas with remaining forest cover removes
the forest protection given by the tenure holders, leaving them with open access and
vulnerable to illegal harvesting activities. Government track record in taking over the
protection of untenured forest lands has been slow due to limited resources and
support. A few of the justifications given for logging bans or moratoriums in the policy
from local officials and representative sectors, disasters brought on by heavy rains
leading to floods, landslides, and detrimental economic effects in particular on
and heavy rains in the provinces of Samar, Leyte, Quezon, and Aurora where
excessive logging was blamed for the landslides and floods that claimed many lives
in these regions are the catalysts. The majority of violations are a direct result of
inadequate enforcement and oversight of current forestry laws (Bugayong & Peralta,
2006).
Several studies have shown a negative impact of the logging bans. Due to the
forest policies and logging ban in Bangladesh (Sarker et al., 2011), significant
changes in the forest production were observed. As there was a loss in both timber
production and biodiversity; however with the decrease of natural forest cover in both
the plantations and natural forests as well. Due to the sudden enforcement of the
logging bans, there has been a considerable difference in its production of timber
and fuel (wood). Thus, Bangladesh is unable to reach its forestry demands and the
GDP has dropped from 3.42% to 1.75% since 1991-1992, and 2007-08, respectively.
III. Methodology
This chapter shows the process or methodology of the research paper. The
estimated that the elevation at these coordinates is 201.8 meters, or 662.1 feet,
combination of content and narrative type of research in gathering the data that is
needed in this study enable to assess the perception of the residents on the
implementation and banning of mining and logging in barangay Bayanga. This study
is content since both interview and non-verbal through survey questionnaires will be
utilize by the researchers to gather data. The study is also narrative because the
researchers will not rely solely on the answered survey questionnaire but will also
ask the residents or the respondents of this study on their personal point of view or
Cagayan de Oro.
of this study. The researchers used the convenient sampling technique in choosing
the respondents since it is the easiest and inexpensive way to gather data, in
addition, the age range of the study participants between 20 and above to ensure
gathering the data in Barangay Bayanga. The first instrument contains questions that
will assess their perception on the banning of mining and logging. The second
research instrument will help the researchers in determining the effects of the
banning on their lives and on the environment. In addition, recorder, paper, and ball
After making survey questionnaire, the researchers will seek permission from
the research adviser to conduct the study. As given the permit, researchers will also
ask the Local Government Unit of Brgy. Bayanga to conduct the said study. To
gather the data, there will be 50 randomly selected respondents to answer the
survey questionnaire and will be interviewed afterwards. Following, the researchers
To ensure that the data gather is reliable and valid the researchers will use
and open- ended survey questionnaire. The questions will not be limited to yes or no
answers but the respondents are allowed to answer in open-text format based on
their complete knowledge, feeling, experience, and understanding. Thus, the data
The data gathered by the researchers will be analyze using thematic. In this
form it will be easier for the researchers to classify the answers of the respondents
http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/ffu/akumwelt/bc2006/papers/Bugayong_06BerlinC
onference.pdf
Bugayong, L.A., & Peralta, E.O. (2006). Analysis of the Content, Process and
Philippines.
Chamber of Furniture Industries of the Philippines (2005). Of Logging Bans and the
index5.asp
Crisostomo, S. (Ed.). (2022, August 24). House Panel OKs Bills Banning Mining,
https://www.philstar.com/nation/2022/08/24/2204620/house-panel-oks-bills-
banning-mining-logging-cdo#:~:text=MANILA%2C%20Philippines
%20%E2%80%94%20The%20House%20committee,area%20a%20mining
%2Dfree%20zone.
Forest Management Bureau (2015). Wood Summit: The Role of Philippine Wood
https://forestry.denr.gov.ph/vxrp890090ifujix/000309g
Jorge, T., De Sa, H., & Jain, P. (2013). Survey of Environmental & Socio-Economic
Impacts of Interim Ban. Goa, India [PDF]. EIA Resource and Response
https://indiabiodiversity.org/biodiv/content/projects/project-6a598955-4405-
40c4-809f-2e94e06a30cc/692.pdf
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.103023
Pascual, F. Jr. (2005). Time to lift, or review, total ban on logging? ManilaMail.com.
Sarker, S. K., Deb, J. C., & Halim, M. A. (2011). A diagnosis of existing logging bans
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Van der Ploeg, J., Masipiqueña, A., Van Weerd, M., & Persoon, G. (2011). Illegal
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Appendix