LAB FILE

Data communication and computer network

Submitted to-
DR. RAM KUMAR
Assistant Professor(Senior Scale)
Department of Systemics, SOCS
UPES

Submitted by-
Name- Sarang.R
Enrolment No.- R2142211085
SAP ID- 500095669
Semester-4
 LAB 1
Task 1: Familiarization with networking devices
Date of experiment-12 January 2023

1. Repeater -

• A device that functions at the physical layer is known as a

repeater.
• Its job is to renew the signal over the same network before it
becomes too weak or distorted, allowing it to travel greater
distances within the same network.
• It's important to understand that repeaters don't improve the
signal. When the signal fades, they reproduce it piece by bit
and refresh it at the original strength. It's a device having two
USB ports.
2. Hub -
• A hub is just a repeater with many ports.
• A hub links many wires coming from different branches,
such as the star topology connector that connects
independent stations.
• Because hubs cannot filter data, data packets are sent to all
connected devices. To put it another way, all Hub-connected
hosts share the same collision domain.
• They also lack the intelligence to pick the best data packet
route, resulting in waste and inefficiencies.
3. Bridge -
• A data connection layer device is referred to as a bridge.
• A bridge is a repeater that also has the capacity to filter data
by reading the source and destination MAC addresses.
• It may also be used to connect two LANs using the same
protocol. Because it only has one input and output port, it is
a two-port device.

4. S
wit
ch
-
• A

switch is a multiport bridge with a buffer and a design that

can help it function better (a large number of ports indicate
less traffic).
• A switch is a data connection layer device.
• Before forwarding data, the switch may check for faults,
which makes it extremely efficient because it doesn't
transport packets with errors and only forwards good packets
to the correct port. To put it another way, the switch
 separates hosts' collision domains while maintaining the
broadcast domain.

5. R
o
ut
er
-
• I
n
the same way that switches route data packets based on their
IP addresses, routers do the same. The router is basically a
device that performs network layer functions.
• Routers connect LANs and WANs and decide how to
route data packets using a dynamically updated routing table.
• The router divides the broadcast domains of hosts
connected through it.
6. Gateway-
• A gateway, as the name suggests, is a passage to connect two
networks that may work upon different networking models.
• They work as messenger agents that take data from one
system, interpret it, and transfer it to another system.
• Gateways are also called protocol converters and can operate
at any network layer.
• Router is a special case of gateway.