Physics Reviewer

Topic : Kinematics

Mechanics

Kinematics Dynamics

Meanings:

Mechanics - A branch of Physics that studies about the relationships among

force, matter and motion.

Kinematics - Enables to describe motion

Dynamics - Relates motion to its causes

Distance Displacement

The total path travelled by an object Difference between an object’s final

position and its starting position
Does not depend on direction It depend on direction.

m (d) m (d)
 Average Speed Average Velocity
The total distance travelled along its The total displacement divided
path divided by the time it takes to by the total time taken
travel this distance

Does not depend on Direction Does depend on Direction

m/s Vav m/s Vav

Acceleration - The rate at which an object changes its velocity

Topic: Kinematics: Uniform Motion

STATES of MOTION

Uniform Motion Non-Uniform Motion

state of uniform motion if it travels A body has a non-uniform motion if it

equal distances in equal intervals travels unequal distances in equal
of time. If the time distance graph is intervals of time.
a straight line the motion is said to be
uniform motion.

Example:

Uniform Motion:
1) A vibrating spring in a sewing machine
2) Earth moving around the Sun

Non Uniform Motion:

1) A horse Running
2) A falling apple from tree

The symbols and units:

(NOTE: ALWAYS
ROUND OFF THE
ANSWER INTO 2
DECIMALS)
Practice:

Problem (1): A car slows down its motion from 10 m/s to 6 m/s in 2
seconds under constant acceleration.

(a) What is its acceleration?

(b) How far did the car travel during this time interval?

Problem (2): A moving object slows down its motion from 12m/s12m/s to
rest at a distance of 20 m. Find the acceleration of the object (assumed
constant).

Topic: Free Fall

Gravity
- the force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any
other physical body having mass.
- the object is in free fall if the object has no force but has gravity. Even it is
moving upward, downward, sideward, it is free fall.

Air Resistance
- can be made negligible, then falling bodies will accelerate toward the center
of the earth (downward) at the same rate, regardless of their mass. MEaning
to say, kapag wala daw air resistance, gaano man kabigat yung 2 dalawang
bagay or kahit magkaiba ng mass yung 2 objects, sabay silang mahuhulog.
- Is the result of collisions of the object’s leading surface with air molecules.

The Acceleration due to Gravity is always -9.8 m/s2

Aristotle’s Theory about Freefall

Object with different weights will fall with different rates with heavier objects
falling faster than lighter objects.

- Aristotle’s Theory says that, magkaiba ng time pag nahuhulog yung mas
mabigat na bagay kesa sa mababaw.

It was countered by:

Galileo Galilei Law of Free fall

In the absence of air resistance, all objects fall with the same constant
acceleration, g = 9.8 m/s². This acceleration is always pointing downward
independent of the direction of motion of the object (upward or downward)

Condition that Indicates Freefall

1. The only force acting on an object is the weight or gravity.
2. The distance of the fall is very much smaller than the Earth’s radius. (d<<R)
(6, 371 km).
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE AMOUNT OF AIR RESISTANCE
1. Speed of the object
2. Cross-sectional area of the object.

Terminal Velocity
When the drag is equal to the weight, there is no net external force on the
object and the vertical acceleration goes to zero. With no acceleration, the
object falls at a constant velocity.

Law of Falling Bodies (eto lang din yung kanina)

In the absence of air resistance, only two bodies that are dropped from rest at
the same moment will reach the ground at the same time regardless of their
mass.
As the air resistance is increased, the more massive object will strike the
ground first. With enough air resistance the lighter object is seen to reach a
terminal velocity.

Gravitational Acceleration
In a vacuum, all objects fall with same acceleration.
•Equations for constant acceleration apply as usual.
•Near the Earth’s surface: a = g = 9.80 m/s2 or 32 ft/s2 downward

Units and Symbol

(Always remember na, pag nasa maximum height sya, automatic Vf=
0m/s

Example Problems:

1) A baseball is popped straight up into the air and has a hang-time of 6.25 s.
Determine the height to which the ball rises before it reaches its peak. (Hint:
the time to rise to the peak is one-half the total hang-time.)

2) A stone is dropped into a deep well and is heard to hit the water 3.41 s
after being dropped. Determine the depth of the well.

Topic: Motion Graph

Motion Graph - Used to represent objects in motion.

Qualitative Graphing - Describing the motion of an object by recognizing the

basic shapes on its graph, not through exact calculations.

There are three types of motion graph

1. Position vs.TimeGraphs
2. Velocity vs.TimeGraphs
3. Acceleration vs.TimeGraphs
Position vs.TimeGraphs

Velocity vs.TimeGraphs
Acceleration vs.TimeGraphs