FEM AND FVM

APPLICATIONS IN AUTOMOTIVE
ENGINEERING

LAB REPORT # 01

Course Teacher: Submitted By:

Dr. Faraz Akber Mujtaba Sheikh
(AU-19013)
Contents
Question# 01: Fundamental differences between FEM and FVM........................................................3
Question# 02: Describe the following term briefly..................................................................................4
 NODE:............................................................................................................................................4
 ELEMENT:....................................................................................................................................4
 MESH:............................................................................................................................................5
 Discretization:................................................................................................................................5
 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS:......................................................................................................5
 LOAD CONDITIONS:..................................................................................................................5
 Modeling:.......................................................................................................................................6
 Simulation:.....................................................................................................................................6
Questions# 03: Find 10 examples in picture for FEM & FVM..............................................................7
FEM:.......................................................................................................................................................7
FVM:......................................................................................................................................................8
References:.............................................................................................................................................9
Question# 01: Fundamental differences between FEM and FVM.
Answer:
FEM
The FEM is such an approximation
method that subdivides a complex
space or domain into a number
of small, countable, and finite amount
of pieces (thus the name finite
elements) whose behaviour can be
described with comparatively simple
equations.
Discretizes conservative form of
equations.
In FEM, The dependant values are
stored at the element nodes.
The dependent values are stored at
element nodes.
FVM
FVM is based on balancing fluxes
through control volumes, i.e: the
Eulerian concept is used. The integral
formulation of conservative laws are
discretized directly in space. FVM can
be used on all differential equations,
which can be written in the divergence
form.
Recast and discretizes integral form of
equations.
In FVM, the dependant values are
stored in the center of the Finite
volume.
The dependent values are stored in the
center of finite volume.
Question# 02: Describe the following term briefly.

 NODE:
A node is simply a coordinate location in space where a DOF (degree of freedom)
is defined. Defined with reference to a global coordinate system. Form a grid work
within component as a result of the mesh.

 ELEMENT:
An element is the basic building block of finite element analysis. There are several
basic types of elements. An element is a mathematical relation that defines how the
degrees of freedom of a node relate to the next. These elements can be lines
(trusses or beams), areas (2-D or 3-D plates and membranes) or solids (bricks or
tetrahedral). 
 MESH:
The finite element mesh is used to subdivide the CAD model into smaller domains
called elements, over which a set of equations are solved. These equations
approximately represent the governing equation of interest via a set of polynomial
functions defined over each element.

 Discretization:
Discretization refers to a method of converting a huge number of data values into
smaller ones so that the evaluation and management of data become easy. In other
words, discretization is a method of converting attributes values of continuous data
into a finite set of intervals with minimum data loss.

 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS:
Boundary conditions, which exist in the form of mathematical equations, exert a
set of additional constraints to the problem on specified boundaries. A boundary
value problem is a differential equation (or system of differential equations) to be
solved in a domain on whose boundary a set of conditions is known.

 LOAD CONDITIONS:
The application of a force to an object is known as loading. Materials can be
subjected to many different loading scenarios and a material's performance is
dependent on the loading conditions. There are five fundamental loading
conditions; tension, compression, bending, shear, and torsion. The main types of
loading available in FEA are force, pressure and temperature. These can be applied
to points, surfaces, edges, nodes and elements.
 Modeling:
Modeling is used for engineering analysis to model and analyze complex systems.
Computer-aided design (CAD) software is useful in this regard, because it defines
the three-dimensional model of an object and can easily subdivide the object into
appropriately sized elements according to the desired mesh, or three-dimensional
grid that defines the elements. Depending on the problem to be solved, the mesh
can define elements of uniform size and shape (such as cubes or pyramids), or can
have elements of different shapes and sizes in different parts of the domain.

 Simulation:
Simulation shows how a component or material reacts to certain influences. It
is based on the finite element method (FEM). With this numerical calculation
method, a component or an entire assembly is divided into a finite number of
elements (sub-areas). This makes it possible to calculate the mechanical
behavior of the individual sub-areas and ultimately that of the entire
component. The FEM simulation is based on special algorithms that determine
approximate values using a complex combination of differential equations.
Questions# 03: Find 10 examples in picture for FEM & FVM.

FEM:

Propeller Shaft Flywheel

Impeller Jet engine

Seat Belt Buckle

FVM:

Air Drag over a Car Water Flow Through T-shaped Connecter

Heat exchanger with water flowing in the inner tubes

Air-Fuel Mixture Inside IC Engine Cylinder Air Drag Over Turbine

References:

o https://www.simscale.com/docs/simwiki/fea-finite-element-analysis/what-is-fea-finite-element-
analysis/
o https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/finite-element-modelling
o https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-load-cases-and-boundary-condition-of-the-FEM-
model_fig1_226788374
o https://www.simscale.com/docs/simwiki/numerics-background/what-are-boundary-conditions/
#:~:text=Boundary%20conditions%20(b.c.)%20are%20constraints,set%20of%20conditions%20is
%20known.
o https://www.statisticshowto.com/discretization/
o https://www.ansys.com/blog/fundamentals-of-fea-meshing-for-structural-analysis
o https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/node-in-fem/107997
o https://www.machinedesign.com/3d-printing-cad/fea-and-simulation/article/21832072/whats-the-
difference-between-fem-fdm-and-fvm