INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU KAMPUS PULAU PINANG

TUGASAN PENTAKSIRAN BERTERUSAN

TAHUN AKADEMIK: 2022

Program & Ambilan: PPISMP Jun 2021

Semester/Tahun S1T1

Nama Pelajar: KIRAN BHAAI A/P

RAVINTHERAN
Angka Giliran: 2021272310021

Nombor Kad Pengenalan: 030726-08-0394

Kumpulan/Unit: MT 2

Kod dan Nama Kursus: MTES1132 ALGEBRA

Jenis Tugasan: WRITING

Nama Pensyarah: HALIZA BINTI IBRAHIM

Tarikh Hantar:

Pengakuan penerimaan Tanda tangan Pelajar:

maklumbalas daripada pensyarah: Tarikh:

Tanda tangan Pensyarah:

Tarikh:

1.0 VECTORS
Vectors are geometrical entities that have magnitude and direction. Geometrically, we can
imagine a vector as a directed line segment, whose length is the magnitude of the vector
and with an arrow indicating the direction. Two vectors are the same when they have the
same magnitude and direction. Position vectors are used to determine the position and
direction of movement of the vectors in a three-dimensional space. It enables us to find the
location of one object relative to another. The formula to find the position vector from A to B
is AB = (xk+1 - xk, yk+1 - yk). Relative vectors refer to an object which is relative to some
other object that might be stationary, moving with the same velocity, or moving slowly,

moving with higher velocity or moving in the opposite direction. Vectors are applied in
navigation, sports in plants and also many other fields.
2.0 GREEN STEM

STEM is an acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Green STEM
cultivates critical thinking, creativity and collaboration to make our beautiful planet greener
and better through the use of science, technology, engineering, math, and the environmental
studies. GREEN STEM supports higher level and critical thinking skills, focuses on
integrative content, cultivates global leaders and environmental stewards, prepares students
for the complex and inter-connected world of work and is engaging, experiential, meaningful
and fun. In this modern era, awareness of the environmental crisis and will for change is
greater than before. GREEN STEM paves an easier path as it can be inserted into the
syllabus of students since school as it is as equally important to the growth of science and
technology. Malaysia, as a country rich in natural elements holds great responsibility in
ensuring its citizens are fully capable of appreciating and safeguarding nature from
unsalvageable disruption. In short, preparing today’s children to become the innovators and
inventors of tomorrow begins with GREEN STEM education programme.

3.0 ISSUE (PLANTS NUTRIENTS ABSORPTION)

Nutrients are essential to plants for them to germinate, grow, fight off diseases and pests
and to reproduce. Plants require several which can be divided into 3 that is primary,
secondary and trace nutrients. Primary nutrients are phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium
whereas secondary nutrients are magnesium, calcium and sulphur. Examples of trace
nutrients are copper, zinc, boron, iron, manganese and molybdenum. Plants get their
nutrients from sun, soil and whatever amendments and fertilizers that we add to the soil
throughout the season. Plants get nutrients from soil and water with the help of roots.
Outermost layer of the root is generally semi-permeable, allowing water to pass through into
the root system. Spacing garden plants and rows prevents plants from competing for water
and nutrients. The best spacing to use in garden depends on the size of garden and the
types of plants growing. Each species of plants has a minimum amount of space that it
needs to sustain healthy growth. Providing adequate spacing between plants helps them to
grow larger and reduces their vulnerability to disease and competition. Roots do not only
compete for water but also space to absorb nutrients. Moreover, pollination can also take
place between the plants. The spacing between the plants should be sufficient to avoid
pollination as the number of trees will increase. This will result in the plants to fight for
nutrients. In addition, diseases can also ne effectively managed with sufficient spacing.

4.0 QUESTION

Pak Ali wants to cultivate a garden in his backyard. He wants to plant 4 trees with suitable
distance and position to make sure his trees get sufficient nutrient absorption for optimal
growth. Therefore, he met a zoologist for consultation. His consultation as below:

i Given ║PQ║= 2 i – 5 j and ║RS║= k i – 3 j

ii The vector of ║PQ║ and ║RS║ are parallel.
iii ║RP║= 3 i + 5 j

Based on the consultation above, Pak Ali has to determine the relative vector of ║PS║.

Find ║PS║.

5.0 ANSWER
║PQ║=λ ║RS║ -5j=-3λj 2i= λki – (1)
2i- 5j= λ(ki-3j) -5 =-3λ Sub λ= 5/3 into (1)
2i- 5j= kλi- 3λj 5 2i= (5/3) ki
λ= 3
2 = (5/3) k
6
 Substitute the value of k
║PS║ = ║PR║ +║ RS║

= -║RP║ +║ RS║

6
= -( 3 i + 5 j ) + ( i - 3 j)
5

6
= -3 i - 5 j ) + ( i - 3 j)
5

−9
= i-8j
5

There are 4 steps in solving this vector question of finding ║PS║. It is stated that the vector
of ║PQ║ and ║RS║ are parallel. Therefore, we need to add a constant k to solve the
parallel vectors. ║PQ║=λ ║RS║ and we get a equation 2i- 5j= kλi- 3λj. With the help of
5
comparision method of -5j=-3λj, we can find that λ = . Then, we should substitute λ = 5/3
3
6
into equation (1) 2i= λki. The value of k = .
5 Lastly, we should substitute the value of k into
║PS║ = ║PR║ +║ RS║. The equation is then changed into -║RP║ +║ RS║ because the
equation ║RP║is given which is (3 i + 5 j). We solve it by substituting the value of k into the
−9
vector of ║RS║.Therefore, the final answer is i + 2 j.
5

5.0 REFERENCE
Anna Burke. (2016, August 12). 5 Reasons Why Proper Plant Spacing Is the Best Thing You
Can Do for Your Garden. Retrieved from https://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/5-
reasons-why-proper-plant-spacing-is-the-best-thing-you-can-do-for-your-garden

Dr Joseph Yeo, The Keng Seng, Loh Cheng Yee, Ivy Chow. ( 2013 ). New Syllabus
Additional Mathematics Textbook. Shing Lee Publishers Pte Ltd.

Edmonton Catholic Schools. (n.d.) GREEN STEM PROGRAM. Retrieved from

https://www.ecsd.net/page/1304/green-stem-program

Frank D and Nykamp DQ. (n.d.) An Introduction to vectors. From Math Insight. Retrieved
from http://mathinsight.org/vector_introduction

Kayla Fratt. (2018, June 21). How Plants Get Their Nutrients, and What Nutrients Plants
Need to Survive. Retrieved from https://www.plantsnap.com/blog/plant-nutrients/

Lee Yoon Who, Tan Guan Hin, Tey Kim Soon. (2018). STPM Text MATHEMATICS (T).
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn, Bhd.

National Wildlife Federation and the NYC Eco-Schools Green STEM Advisory Board. (2015).
Green Stem. Retrieved from https://www.nwf.org/-/media/Documents/PDFs/Eco-
Schools/Green-STEM-Guidebook.ashx

SF Gate Contributor. (2021, July 2). Vegetable Planting Guide for Plant & Row Spacing.
Retrieved from https://homeguides.sfgate.com/vegetable-planting-guide-plant-row-
spacing-57864.html

Suzieleez Syrene Bt Abdul Rahim. (n.d.) Greening STEM: A Theoretical Exploration

for the Malaysian Context. Retrieved from
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1294345.pdf