ATP

Energy Coupling/ Coupled Reaction

Learning Competency:
•Explain coupled reaction processes and
describe the role of ATP in energy
coupling and transfer-
STEM_BIO11/12-IIa-j-1
•Define and describe the structure
and composition of ATP
•Explain ATP-ADP Cycle
My daily Energy
routine (ATP)
 WHAT IS ATP?
•Adenosine Triphosphate is energy carrying
molecule found in the cells of all living things.
•ATP captures chemical energy obtained from the
breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel
other cellular processes.
•When energy is needed by the cell, it is converted from
storage molecules (glycogen and fats) into ATP.
•ATP then serves as a shuttle, delivering energy to places
within the cell where energy-consuming activities are
taking place.

Adenosine triphosphate | Definition, Structure, Function, & Facts | Britannica

 How is ATP Produced?
From food that
we eat ATP

l a r
stored
e llu ion Fuel
C rat
s p i
Re
Cellular
Glycogen, fats Processes
 Cells require chemical energy for three general
types of tasks:
1. Chemical work -to drive metabolic reactions
that do not occur automatically
(nonspontaneous)
2. to transport needed substances across
membranes (Cell Transport Mechanism- active
transport)
3. to do mechanical work, such as moving
muscles or any physical movement in the cells.
Adenosine triphosphate | Definition, Structure, Function, & Facts | Britannica
Structure and Composition of ATP
• ATP is a nucleotide that
consists of three main
structures:
1. nitrogenous base-
adenine;
2. the sugar, ribose;
3. chain of three
phosphate groups ( (α),
beta (β), and gamma
(γ) phosphates)bound
to ribose
Energy in ATP
•The phosphate tail of ATP is the actual power source
which the cell taps
•Available energy is contained in the bonds between
the phosphates and is released when they are broken
through hydrolysis and with the help of enzyme
•Usually only the outer phosphate is removed from
ATP to yield energy; when this occurs, ATP is
converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), the form
of the nucleotide having only two phosphates.
The ATP and ADP Cycle
The ATP and ADP Cycle
 H2O
Dehydration
Synthesis &
Phosphorylation Hydrolysis
H2O

-7.2 to 7.3
k/cal/mol or
-30kj/mols.
To power chemical
and biological
reactions
ATP and Energy Coupling
•Energy coupling occurs when the energy
produced by one reaction or system is used to
drive another reaction or system.
•Exergonic Reaction (Release Energy) drive
Endergonic Reactions (Absorb/ require Energy)
Exergonic and Endergonic Reactions

Exergonic Reactions
Endergonic Reactions
(Catabolic)- Release energy
(Anabolic)- absorb energy
by breaking chemical
by forming chemical bonds
bonds of large reactant
of smaller reactants to
and producing smaller
produce a larger product
products
 Energy Coupling
•Uses energy released from an exergonic
(catabolic) reaction to drive essential (anabolic)
reaction using the energy stored from ATP
molecule
•Examples, photosynthesis and cellular
respiration