CELLULAR RESPIRATION
RESPIRATION
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
•It is a set of metabolic pathways that
converts Glucose to Adenosine
Triphosphate
•The main goal of Cellular Respiration is to
manufacture the most number of ATP out
of a single molecule of Glucose
2 TYPES OF RESPIRATION
•Aerobic Respiration – The use of Oxygen in
the respiration process. Cellular
Respiration is a kind of Aerobic Respiration
This is a type of respiration utilized by old
forms of life on Earth, most organisms use
this pathway to harness the energy and to
survive in the harsh environment. It does
not require oxygen as the last electron
acceptor and produces 2 mol adenosine
triphosphate very quickly. In today's time,
humans also make use of this process
whenever the need arises such as lactic
acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation
for microbes
•Anaerobic Respiration – respiration
process that does not use oxygen. Ethyl
alcohol fermentation is an example.
This is a type of respiration utilized by
most organisms today, We use this pathway
to harness energy from the breakdown of
glucose. It requires oxygen as the last
electron acceptor and produces 32-36
adenosine triphosphate but in a slower
process. In today's time, humans also make
use of this process whenever the need
arises such as lactic acid fermentation and
alcohol fermentation for microbes.
REACTIONS INVOLVED IN AEROBIC
Dehydrogenations: two hydrogen atoms are
removed from the substrate and transferred
to NAD+ or FAD
Decarboxylations: part of a carboxyl group
(COOH) is removed from the substrate as a
molecule of CO2
Preparation reactions: molecules are
rearranged so they can undergo further
dehydrogenations or decarboxylations
EXERGONIC REACTION (ERGON=WORK)
-A spontaneous chemical reaction in which
there is a net release of free energy.
ENDERGONIC REACTION
A non spontaneous chemical reaction, in
which free energy is absorbed from the
surroundings to form the products of the
reaction
3 MAJOR METABOLIC PATHWAYS
INVOLVED IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1. Glycolysis – Converts Glucose to
Pyruvic Acid
- breakdown of a glucose molecule into 2
pyruvates; it has two stages; the energy-
investment and energy-payoff phase
2. Kreb’s Cycle – makes use of Acetyl CoA
to produce coenzymes required for Electron
Transport Chain
- 2 acetyl CoA is converted into citrate,
series of reactions such as oxidation-
reduction reaction, decarboxylation, and
phosphorylation and yields 6 NADH, 2
FADH and ATP molecule from the initial
reactant acetyl CoA.
3. Electron Transport Chain – the ATP
producing pathway, electrons transport to
several electron acceptor complexes to
enable a chemiosmosis

- series of chemical reactions where

electrons carried by NADH and FADH
from the Krebs Cycle is used to fuel this
process. These electrons are passed from
one electron acceptor to the another,
oxygen is the final electron acceptor in this
process.

MITOCHONDRIA

- are membrane-boundcell organelles

(mitochondrion, singular) that
generate most of the chemical
energy needed to power the cell's
biochemical reactions. Chemical
energy produced by the
mitochondria is stored in a small
molecule called adenosine
triphosphate (ATP).
- Mitochondria contain their own
small chromosomes. Generally,
mitochondria, and therefore
mitochondrial DNA, are inherited
Where Does Cellular Respiration Take only from the mother.
Place?

- GLYCOLYSIS OCCURS IN THE

CYTOPLASM
- KREBS CYCLE AND ETC TAKE
PLACE IN THE MITOCHONDRIA
STRUCTURE OF A MITOCHONDRIA

•OUTER MEMBRANE – Contains porins

that enable passage of molecules

•CRISTAE – fluid filled spaces in the

mitochondria where Krebs’ Cycle happens

• MATRIX –it expands the surface area of

the inner membrane. Where ETC happens

GLYCOLYSIS

• Is a metabolic pathway that converts

glucose molecule to pyruvic acid

•Happens in the cytosol

•Does not require oxygen

 is the break down of glucose molecules

to produce pyruvic acid and ATP
 Happens in the cytosol
 Does not require oxygen
 Glycolysis is subdivided into 2 phases:
Investment and Pay-off phase
 The investment phase converts Glucose
into two molecules of G3P
(Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) with the
use of two ATP
 The pay-off phase will convert the PGAL
to Pyruvic Acid-producing 4 molecules
of ATP

Net PRODUCTS OF GLYCOLYSIS

 2 ATP
 2 PYRUVIC ACID
 2 NADH

Glycolysis is sub divided into 2 phases:

Investment and Pay- off phase

• The investment phase converts Glucose

into two molecules of G3P (Glyceraldehyde-
3-phosphate) with the use of two ATP

• The pay-off phase will convert the PGAL

(Phosphoglyceraldehyde) to Pyruvic Acid
producing 4 molecules of AT