‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

‫س ِه ْم َحتَّى يَتَبَيَّ َن لَ ُه ْم أَنَّهُ ا ْل َح ُّ‬

‫ق‬ ‫اق َو ِفي أَنفُ ِ‬
‫يه ْم آيَا ِتنَا ِفي ْاْلفَ ِ‬
‫سنُ ِر ِ‬
‫} َ‬
‫ف ِب َر ِب َك أَنَّهُ َ‬
‫علَى ك ُِل َ‬
‫ش ْي ٍء ش َِهيد‪ } ...‬فصلت ‪53‬‬ ‫أ َ َولَ ْم يَ ْك ِ‬
 Anatomy & Embryology Department

Dr. Hanan Lotfy

Assistant Professor of Anatomy
& embryology
 ‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
‫”وفي أنفسكم أفال تبصرون“‬

‫‪Skeleton‬‬
‫‪of head‬‬
skull
 Single

Paired Paired
22 bones
Skull consists of
a number of
bones
VIEWS OF
SKULL
Norma
Norma
Normafacialis
basalis
Norma
or frontalis
verticalis
lateralis
externa
interna
occipitalis
 Norma
verticalis
 Norma
verticalis
coronal suture

bregma

Parietal
bones

Parietal
emissary
foramen

lambdoid suture
 Norma
lateralis
Greater wing of temporal fossa
Sphenoid bone

zygomatic

maxilla mastoid part

of temporal bone

Squamous part
of temporal bone
 Superior
temporal line Inferior temporal
line

Temporal Line
zygomatic process of temporal fossa
Frontal bone

Mastoid
process
Supramastoid
Zygomatic arch crest
 Norma
occipitalis
 Norma occipitalis

Sagittal suture

Parietal bones

lambda
lambdoid
suture

Squamus part of
occipital bone
Mastoid part of temporal
bone
 6 cm Highest
External occipital nuchal line
protuberance
Definition
Extension
Layers
Blood supply
Nerve supply
 Definition

Hair-bearing
area covering
the calvaria
 Extension Eyebrow

Temple
External
occipital
protuberance
supraorbital
Superior margin
nuchal line
zygomatic
arch.
Layers
of scalp
 Layers
The scalp is made of 5 layers, and
they spell scalp:
S --Skin
C –Connective tissue of superficial fascia
A - Aponeurosis
L --Loose areolar CT
P –Pericranium or Periosteum
 S Skin Connective tissue of
C superficial fascia

Epicranial
A Aponeurosis

L Loose areolar
connective
tissue

P pericranium
Layers Of scalp
 S Skin
scalp is the commonest
site of sebaceous cysts
Sebaceous
gland

Sweat gland

sebaceous cysts
 S Skin
Subcutaneous C
hematoma BV Connective tissue
of superficial fascia

1st 3 layers move as one

unite against skull bone

Fibrous septum

If the blood vessels are torn or cut, the walls are unable to
retract, and this causes profuse bleeding.
S Skin Connective tissue of
C superficial fascia

Epicranial
A Aponeurosis

3rd layer
 Epicranial
Aponeurosis
Frontal belly
Of occipito-frontalis

Occipital belly
Of occipito-
frontalis
Definition
 Extension &
attachment
Anteriorly
No bony Frontal belly
attachment Of occipito-
frontalis
Epicranial
Posteriorly
Aponeurosis

Medial 1/3 of
Ext. occipital Highest nuchal line
protuberance
 Epicranial
Aponeurosis

Laterally

Temporal Fascia

Extension & attachment

Relation of Aponeurosis Skin
to other layers of scalp
It allows considerable
movement between 2 layers
Fibrous septum

Loose areolar
connective tissue

pericranium
occipito-
frontalis
Insertion Origin
Skin of
eyebrow Frontal belly
Of occipito-
frontalis ms.

Occipital belly
Of occipito-
frontalis ms.

Origin
Lateral 2/3 of
Insertion Highest nuchal line
 Epicranial
Aponeurosis

Occipital
belly
Of occipito- Frontal belly
frontalis Of occipito-
frontalis

Lateral 2/3 of
Highest nuchal
line
 Frontal bellies
Of occipito-frontalis
 Occipital bellies
Of occipito-frontalis

Lateral 2/3 of
Highest nuchal
line
 Frontal belly
Facial Of occipito-
nerve frontalis

temporal
branch
Occipital belly
Of occipito-
frontalis

Posterior Nerve supply of

auricular nerve Occipitofrontalis
The frontal belly pulls the
scalp anteriorly (forwards)
 If Occipital belly
contracts, it pulls the
scalp posteriorly,
smoothing the skin
of the forehead
The muscle can move
the scalp forwards and
backwards over skull
bones in some
individuals
Occipital belly
 Cut wounds in scalp
Cut wound in Cut wound involving
subcutaneous area Epicranial aponeurosis

Small gap Wide gap

profuse Less
bleeding bleeding
because the aponeurosis is pulled in the
anteroposterior direction by the tone of
occipitofrontalis muscle.

The wounds of the scalp gape if epicranial

aponeurosis is cut transversely
S Skin Connective tissue of
C superficial fascia

Epicranial
A Aponeurosis

Loose areolar
L connective
tissue

4th layer
subaponeurotic Avulsion of the scalp
space =
forcible separation of
scalp

Epicranial
Aponeurosis

L
Loose areolar
connective tissue

pericranium
subaponeurotic
hematoma Dangerous zone
of the scalp
Veins of
scalp

Epicranial
Aponeurosis

Loose areolar
L
connective tissue

Cerebral
Emissary vein venous sinus
Spread of
hematoma

Highest nuchal
line Frontal belly
Of occipito-
frontalis

Limitation of subaponeurotic space

 Black eyes

subaponeurotic
hematoma
A blow on head may
cause 'Black Eye" Boggy scalp
The fifth
layer
S Skin Connective tissue of
C superficial fascia

Epicranial
A Aponeurosis

Loose areolar
L connective
tissue

5th layer P pericranium

 Subperiosteal
space
Skull bone

Loose areolar
connective tissue

Endocranium
Suture P pericranium
 Subperiosteal Take the shape
hematoma of bone
Blood can not
move from one
bone to the other

Skull bone Suture pericranium