Acid and Base Solutions

A. What are acids and bases?

1. Acids are found in many , including fruits,
, milk, and vinegar; bases are also found in many
household items, such as , baking soda, and medicines
called antacids.
2. A substance that produces a hydronium ion (H3O+) when it is dissolved in water is
called a(n) .
a. Almost all acid molecules contain one or more atoms,
which separate from the acid when they are mixed
with .
b. The hydrogen atom combines with a water molecule to form
a(n) ion, (H3O+), which is a positively charge ion
that forms when an acid dissolves in water.
3. A substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH–) when it is dissolved in water is
called a(n) .
a. Some bases, such as sodium hydroxide, contain ions;
when hydroxide compounds mix with , the
hydroxide ions from the base in the water.
b. Some bases, such as ammonia, do not contain hydroxide ions; but when these
bases mix with , they take
ions (H+) away from water molecules, producing ions
(OH ). –

B. What is pH?
1. The is an inverse measure of the concentration of
hydronium ions (H3O+) in a solution; the of something
means that as one thing increases, the other thing decreases.
a. A solution that has a lower pH is more than
a solution that has higher pH.
b. A solution that has a higher pH is more than
a solution that has a lower pH.

2. A solution that is , such as pure water, contains an equal

number of hydronium and ions.
 a. An acid has a greater concentration of ions (H3O+)
than ions (OH–).

b. A base has a greater concentration of ions (OH–)

than ions (H3O+).

3. The scale, which ranges from 0 to

, is used to indicate how acidic or basic a solution is.

a. A solution with a pH of 7 is ; a solution with a pH

lower than 7 is ; a solution with a pH higher than
7 is .

b. An change of 1 unit on the scale represents a(n)

change in the acidity or basicity of the solutions
being compared.
C. How is pH measured?
1. A compound that changes color at different pH values when it reacts with acidic or
basic solutions is called a(n) .

2. Strips that contain a universal can be dipped into

a(n) ; the color change of the strip is matched against
a list that shows which colors represent which .

3. Using a pH , which has an electrode sensitive to the

concentration of hydronium ions, is a more accurate way to measure pH than using
pH strips.
Acid and Base Solutions
Directions: Complete the concept map with the correct phrase from the word bank in the space provided. Each
phrase is used only once.

has hydroxide ions has a pH below 7 has a bitter taste in foods

has hydronium ions has a pH above 7 has a sour taste in foods

Solution

Facts About Acids Facts About Bases

Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.

1. List three examples of everyday acids.

2. List three examples of everyday bases.

________________________________________________________________________
Acid and Base Solutions
Directions: Use the diagram to answer the question on the lines provided.

Acids Mixed with Water

1. What happens when hydrochloric acid dissolves in water?

Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.

2. What happens when a base dissolves in water?

3. What happens to the pH of a solution as the concentration of hydronium ions increases?

4. What happens to the pH of a solution as the concentration of hydronium ions decreases?

5. Why is pH an inverse measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution?

Acid and Base Solutions
Directions: Complete the first table below with your learning partner. Then use your textbook to complete the
second table.

1. Look in your kitchen or bathroom for foods and products that contain acids or bases.
Record your results in the chart below. You do not have to fill every space in the table.

Acids and Bases in My House

Products or Foods Containing Acids Products or Foods Containing Bases

2. Use the table below to record information about the properties of acids and bases. Fill
in each space in the table.

Properties of Acids and Bases

Acids Bases
Acid and Base Solutions
Key Concept What happens when acids and bases dissolve in water?
Directions: Complete the diagram by writing the steps that occur when an acid dissolves in water.

acid + water (H2O)

Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided.

1. What does an acid produce when it is dissolved in water?

2. What do almost all acid molecules contain?

3. A hydronium ion (H3O+) is

when an acid dissolves in water.

Acid and Base Solutions
Key Concept What happens when acids and bases dissolve in water?
Directions: Answer the question on the lines provided.

1. How is base defined?

Directions: Use the diagram to answer each question on the lines provided.

Bases Mixed with Water

2. What happens when sodium hydroxide dissolves in water?

3. What happens when ammonia dissolves in water?

4. How is ammonia different from sodium hydroxide?

Acid and Base Solutions
Key Concept How does the concentration of hydronium ions affect pH?
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Some terms
may be used more than once.

acidic basic hydronium hydroxide

inverse neutral pH solution
1. means that as one thing increases, another thing decreases.

2. For the safety of all swimmers, it is important for pool water to have the
correct .

3. A(n) measure of the concentration of hydronium ions

in a solution defines pH.

4. When the concentration of ions increases, the pH decreases.

5. A solution with a lower pH is more .

6. A solution with a higher pH is more .

7. An acid is distinguished from a base by a higher amount of

ions than hydroxide ions.

8. Bases are distinguished from an acid by a higher amount of

ions than hydronium ions.

9. A change from one pH unit to another pH unit represents a ten-fold change in how
acidic or basic a(n) is.

10. Solutions that have a pH of 7 are not acidic or basic; they are referred to
as .