Constructive Response Question

French Absolutism,
Enlightenment, & Revolution!
Outcome: The Enlightenment
1. Setting the Stage: The Renaissance & The Reformation
Learning and the arts, inspired a spirit of ________
a. The Renaissance, a rebirth of _________ Curiosity
in many fields.
Question Ideas
b. Scholars began to _________ ______ that had been accepted for hundreds of years
c. The Reformation prompted religious followers to challenge accepted ways of
God
thinking about ______ Salvation
and ______________.

2. The Enlightenment
a. Not only did new ways of thinking apply to science, but were also applied to all
Society
aspects of ________: government
___________, economics
religion, ____________, and education.
a new intellectual Movement that stressed reason
b. This spurred on the Enlightenment: ___________________________________
and thought and the power for individuals to solve problems
________________________________________________________________.

Thomas Hobbes
3. Views on Government: _________ ___________
a. All humans are naturally _______ Wicked
Selfish and ________ and we a strong ruler to govern.
Social Contract
b. Hobbes called for a _______ ________, a government where people agreed to give
Monarch because people acted in their own _____
total control to a _________ Self intrest
_________.

4. Views on Government: ______Jhon Locke

_________
a. More Positive
_______ view than Hobbes; people could ______
learn from experiences and
improve themselves
__________
free and _______
b. All people are born _____ life
equal with three natural rights: ______, liberty
______,
property
________
protect these rights, if they fail to do so, the
c. The purpose of government is to _________
overthrow it.
citizens have the right to ____________

5. The Philosophes Advocate Reason

a. _______ ________ in France during the 1700s were known as _____________
social critics philosophies
reason, nature, happiness, progress,
b. Five concepts formed their core beliefs: _________________________________
liberty
_________________________________________________________________
Voltaire
c. __________ was the most brilliant and influential of the philosophes
satire against the clergy, aristocracy, and government
d. He used _______
tolerance
e. Even though Voltaire made enemies, he never stopped fighting for ___________,
religion
reason, freedom of _________ speech
and freedom of __________.
Montesquieu believed _________
f. _____________ Britain was best-governed and helped influence
creation of US government
g. Mary
___________ freedoms
Wollstonecraftwas passionately committed to individual ___________
 beccaria
h. ___________ justice system; laws existed to preserve
was interested in the ________
avenge crimes
social order, not to ______________.
mary wollstonecraft
i. ______ _____________ argued that women’s _________
education should not be secondary
to men’s and that women need to educated to become more virtuous and useful.

challenged long held beliefs and ideas about society.

Result: The Enlightenment writers ___________
church state, monarchs, and _________
They challenged the ______, unequal social classes. These ideas
influence events
would spread and ultimately help start two of the most _________ _________ of World
American and ___________
History: The ___________ french revolution
____________.

Constructive Response Question

Generalize what the Enlightenment was and describe at least two key contributors and their
ideas.
The philosophical movement was led by Voltaire and Rousseau, who argued for a society
based upon reason as in ancient Greece rather than faith and Catholic doctrine, for a new
civil order based on natural law, and for science based on experiments and observation.