Critical Care >Ventilator Technology and Management

John M. Oropello, Stephen M. Pastores, Vladimir Kvetan+

Table 18–1Indications for mechanical ventilation.

Type of Respiratory Failure Area of Involvement Common Examples

Drug overdose, narcotics or sedatives, brain injury, brain tumors,

Ventilatory failure Central nervous system (respiratory center)
hemorrhage, infection, edema, infarction, trauma, hypothyroidism

Cervical or thoracic spinal cord injury, poliomyelitis, amyotrophic

Spinal cord
lateral sclerosis

Peripheral nervous system Phrenic nerve paralysis, polyneuritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome

Myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton disease, botulism, tick

Neuromuscular junction
paralysis, neuromuscular blocking drugs

Diaphragmatic weakness, endocrine disorders, electrolytes

Respiratory muscles
impairment, corticosteroid usage, critical care myopathy

Bony rib cage Flail chest

Laryngeal edema, airways obstruction, acute bronchospasm,

Airway
profuse airway secretions

Oxygenation failure Diffusion abnormality Pulmonary edema, interstitial lung disease

Shunt Atelectasis, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome

Cellular extraction impairment Sepsis, carbon monoxide poisoning

Perioperative care Routine anesthesia, major or prolonged surgery

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