Quantity Units Symbol Value

INPUTS
Nut factor None K 0.20
major diameter inches D 1.125
minimum major diameter of external
thread inches Dsmin 1.1064
minimum pitch diameter of external
thread inches Esmin 1.0228
max pitch diameter of internal thread inches Enmax 1.0416
max minor diameter of internal thread inches Knmax 0.9980
target fraction of bolt yield (Multiplier) None M 0.70
Bolt Yield Stress psi Sy 81,000
Flange (internal thread) yield stress psi Syf 36,000
Threads per inch TPI TPI 7

DETERMINE BOLT TORQUE

tensile stress area (Su>100ksi) inch^2 At 0.75
Target tensile stress in bolt psi Starget 56,700
Target preload force lbf Fpreload 42,456
Torque to achieve target (inch-lbf) inch-lbf Tinchlbf 9553
Torque to achieve target (ft-lbf) ft-lbf Tftlbf 796.04

EVALUATE MALE THREAD STRIPPING

External thread stripping area as
multiple of Le inch^2 AsOverLe 1.88
Length of engagement to prevent
stripping of external threads * inch Les 0.80

EVALUATE FEMALE THREAD STRIPPING

Internal thread stripping area as multple
Le inch^2 AnOverLe 2.65
Length of engagement to prevent
stripping of internal threads * inch Len 1.27

References
Ref 1 - Machinery's Handbook, 27th edition
Ref 2 - EPRI Good Bolting Practices
Formula Comment

(input) From Ref 2 - assumes no added lub (conservatively low torque)

(input) Bolt is 1 1/8", 7 TPI

(input) From Ref 1, p1745 Assuming 1 1/8 7tpi UNC, Grade 2

(input) From Ref 1, p1745 Assuming 1 1/8 7tpi UNC, Grade 2

(input) From Ref 1, p1745 Assuming 1 1/8 7tpi UNC, Grade 2
(input) From Ref 1, p1745 Assuming 1 1/8 7tpi UNC, Grade 2
(input) Ref 2
(input) Ref 1, p1508 (A449 bolt)
(input) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A36_steel
(input)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE! Ref 1, Eq 2b
#VALUE! Target is yield times multipler
#VALUE! Force is stress times area
#VALUE! From definition of nut factor
#VALUE! Unit Conversion
Conclusion: Torque to 796 ft-lbf

#VALUE! Ref 1 p 1511, Eq 5

#VALUE! Equivalent to Ref 1, p1510 Eq1

Conclusion: Need at least 0.8"
engagement
#VALUE!

#VALUE! Ref 1 p 1511, Eq 6

#VALUE! Ref 1 p 1510, Eq 3,4

Conclusion: Need at least 1.27"
#VALUE! engagement
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
APPENDIX H
Table H-1
Bolt Root and Tensile Stress Areas

Tensile Tensile
Bolt Size, Basic Stress Area, Stress
Thread Designation Root mm2 [Note Threads per Root Area, Area, in2
[Notes (1), (2)] Area,mm2 (3)] Bolt Size, in inch in2 [Note (3)]
M14-2 102.1 115.4 1/2 13 0.1257 0.1419
M16-2 141 156.7 5/8 11 0.2017 0.226
M20-2.5 220.4 244.8 3/4 10 0.3019 0.3345
M24-3 317.3 352.5 7/8 9 0.4192 0.4617
M27-3 419.1 459.4 1 8 0.5509 0.6057
M30-3 535 580.4 1 1/8 8 0.7276 0.7905
M33-3 665.1 715.6 1 1/4 8 0.9289 0.9997
M36-3 809.3 864.9 1 3/8 8 1.155 1.234
M39-3 976.6 1028 1 1/2 8 1.405 1.492
M42-3 1140 1206 1 5/8 8 1.68 1.775
M45-3 1327 1398 1 3/4 8 1.979 2.082
M48-3 1527 1604 1 7/8 8 2.303 2.414
M52-3 1817 1900 2 8 2.652 2.771
M56-3 2132 2222 2 1/4 8 3.422 3.557
M64-3 2837 2940 2 1/2 8 4.291 4.442
M70-3 3432 3545 2 3/4 8 5.258 5.425
M76-3 4083 4207 3 8 6.324 6.506
M82-3 4791 4925 3 1/4 8 7.487 7.686
M90-3 5822 5970 3 1/2 8 8.748 8.963
M95-3 6518 6674 3 3/4 8 10.11 10.34
M100-3 7253 7418 4 8 11.57 11.81
UNC Threads according ASME B1.1

Nominal Threads Major Dia, Major Dia, Tap Drill

Diameter Per Inch in mm Size, mm Pitch, mm
#1 - 64 64 0.073 1.854 1.5 0.397
#2 - 56 56 0.086 2.184 1.8 0.453
#3 - 48 48 0.099 2.515 2.1 0.529
#4 - 40 40 0.112 2.845 2.35 0.635
#5 - 40 40 0.125 3.175 2.65 0.635
#6 - 32 32 0.138 3.505 2.85 0.794
#8 - 32 32 0.164 4.166 3.5 0.794
#10 - 24 24 0.19 4.826 4 1.058
#12 - 24 24 0.216 5.486 4.65 1.058
1/4" - 20 20 0.25 6.35 5.35 1.27
5/16" - 18 18 0.313 7.938 6.8 1.411
3/8" - 16 16 0.375 9.525 8.25 1.587
7/16" - 14 14 0.438 11.112 9.65 1.814
1/2" - 13 13 0.5 12.7 11.15 1.954
9/16" - 12 12 0.563 14.288 12.6 2.117
5/8" - 11 11 0.625 15.875 14.05 2.309
3/4" - 10 10 0.75 19.05 17 2.54
7/8" - 9 9 0.875 22.225 20 2.822
1" - 8 8 1 25.4 22.85 3.175
1 1/8" - 7 7 1.125 28.575 25.65 3.628
1 1/4" - 7 7 1.25 31.75 28.85 3.628
1 3/8" - 6 6 1.375 34.925 31.55 4.233
1 1/2" - 6 6 1.5 38.1 34.7 4.233
1 3/4" - 5 5 1.75 44.45 40.4 5.08
2" - 4 1/2 4 1/2 2 50.8 46.3 5.644
2 1/4" - 4 1 4 1/2 2.25 57.15 52.65 5.644
2 1/2" - 4 4 2.5 63.5 58.5 6.35
2 3/4" - 4 4 2.75 69.85 64.75 6.35
3" - 4 4 3 76.2 71.1 6.35
3 1/4" - 4 4 3.25 82.55 77.45 6.35
3 1/2" - 4 4 3.5 88.9 83.8 6.35
3 3/4" - 4 4 3.75 95.25 90.15 6.35
4" - 4 4 4 101.6 96.5 6.35
Flange Size, NPS Class 150 Class 300 Class 400 Class 600
Qty Size Qty Size Qty Size Qty Size
1/2 4 1/2 4 1/2 4 1/2 4 1/2
3/4 4 1/2 4 5/8 4 5/8 4 5/8
1 4 1/2 4 5/8 4 5/8 4 5/8
1 1/4 4 1/2 4 5/8 4 5/8 4 5/8
1 1/2 4 1/2 4 3/4 4 3/4 4 3/4
2 4 5/8 8 5/8 8 5/8 8 5/8
2 1/2 4 5/8 8 3/4 8 3/4 8 3/4
3 4 5/8 8 3/4 8 3/4 8 3/4
3 1/2 8 5/8 8 3/4 8 7/8 8 7/8
4 8 5/8 8 3/4 8 7/8 8 7/8
5 8 3/4 8 3/4 8 7/8 8 1
6 8 3/4 12 3/4 12 7/8 12 1
8 8 3/4 12 7/8 12 1 12 1 1/8
10 12 7/8 16 1 16 1 1/8 16 1 1/4
12 12 7/8 16 1 1/8 16 1 1/4 20 1 1/4
14 12 1 20 1 1/8 20 1 1/4 20 1 3/8
16 16 1 20 1 1/4 20 1 3/8 20 1 1/2
18 16 1 1/8 24 1 1/4 24 1 3/8 20 1 5/8
20 20 1 1/8 24 1 1/4 24 1 1/2 24 1 5/8
24 20 1 1/4 24 1 1/2 24 1 3/4 24 1 7/8
 Class 900 Class 1500 Class 2500
Qty Size Qty Size Qty Size
4 3/4 4 3/4 4 3/4
4 3/4 4 3/4 4 3/4
4 7/8 4 7/8 4 7/8
4 7/8 4 7/8 4 1
4 1 4 1 4 1 1/8
8 7/8 8 7/8 8 1
8 1 8 1 8 1 1/8
8 7/8 8 1 1/8 8 1 1/4
- - - - - -
8 1 1/8 8 1 1/4 8 1 1/2
8 1 1/4 8 1 1/2 8 1 3/4
12 1 1/8 12 1 3/8 8 2
12 1 3/8 12 1 5/8 12 2
16 1 3/8 12 1 7/8 12 2 1/2
20 1 3/8 16 2 12 2 3/4
20 1 1/2 16 2 1/4 - -
20 1 5/8 16 2 1/2 - -
20 1 7/8 16 2 3/4 - -
20 2 16 3 - -
20 2 1/2 16 3 1/2 - -
APPENDIX M
Table M-1 Table M-3
Service Temperature Limits Dimensional Requiereme

Single-Use [Note Nominal

Material Type Mtl. (1)] Reuse [Note (2)] Size, mm
1 Carbon Steel 425 degC 205 degC 14
4 Low Alloy Steel 540 degC 400 degC 16
5 Martensitic Steel 650 degC 425 degC 20
PrecipitationHarde
6 ning Steel 815 degC 550 degC 24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
52
56
64
70
76
82
90
95
100
Dimensional Requierements for Metric Washers

Outside Inside
Diameter, Diameter, Thicknes
OD, mm ID, mm s, T, mm
28 15 3
30 17 4
37 21 5

44 25 6
50 28 6
56 31 6
60 34 6
66 37 6
72 42 6
78 45 6
85 48 6
92 52 6
98 56 6
105 62 6
115 70 6
125 76 6
135 82 6
145 88 6
160 96 6
165 101 6
175 107 6
APPENDIX C (PCC-1)
Table C-1
Recommended Gasket Contact Surface Finish for Various Gasket Types

Gasket Contact Surface

Gasket Description u.m u.in
Spiral Wound 3.2-6.4 125-250
Soft-faced metal core with facing layers such as
flexible graphite, PTFE, etc 3.2-6.4 125-250
Flexible graphite reinforced with a metal interlayer
insert 3.2-6.4 125-250
Grooved metal 1.6 max 63 max
Flat solid metal 1.6 max 63 max
Flat metal jacketed 2.5 max 100 max
Soft cut sheet, thickness =< 1.5 mm (1/16 in) 3.2-6.4 125-250
Soft cut sheet, thickness > 1.5 mm (1/16 in) 3.2-13 125-500
Tabke 1M
Reference value for Calculating Target Torque Values for Low-Alloy Steel Bolting Based on Target PreStress of 345 Mpa (Roo

Nominal Bolt Size, in N-m

Basic Thread Designation NonCoated Bolts [Note (1)]
M14-2 110
M16-2 160
M20-2.5 350
M24-3 550
M27-3 800
M30-3 1150
M33-3 1550
M36-3 2050
M39-3 2650
M42-3 3350
M45-3 4200
M48-3 5100
M52-3 6600
M56-3 8200
M64-3 12400
M70-3 16100
M76-3 20900
M82-3 26400
M90-3 35100
M95-3 41600
M100-3 48500
Nominal Bolt Size, in ksi
Basic Thread Designation NonCoated Bolts [Note (1)]
M14-2 60
M16-2 120
M20-2.5 210
M24-3 350
M27-3 500
M30-3 750
M33-3 1050
M36-3 1400
M39-3 1800
M42-3 2350
M45-3 2950
M48-3 3650
M52-3 4500
M56-3 6500
M64-3 9000
M70-3 12000
M76-3 15700
M82-3 20100
M90-3 25300
M95-3 31200
M100-3 38000
Steel Bolting Based on Target PreStress of 345 Mpa (Root Area) (SI Units)

N-m
Coated Bolts [Notes (1), (2), and (3)]
85
130
250
450
650
900
1200
1600
2050
2550
3200
3900
5000
6300
9400
12200
15800
20000
26500
31500
36700
ksi
Coated Bolts [Notes (1), (2), and (3)]
45
90
160
250
400
550
800
1050
1400
1800
2300
2800
3400
4900
6800
9100
11900
15300
19100
23600
28800