Reading and Writing 3rd Quarter
Reading and Writing
Reading two types:
- Reading is a process of
decoding.
o Decoding is the
breaking down of written
codes.
Simplify: Decoding
- Reading it from the simplest
letter or concept and build to the
more complex sound.
Ex. Was Pillar ma, ill, or glad?
Reading is a comprehension process.
- Comprehension – ability to
process a word/s, understand
its meaning, and to integrate
with what the reader already
knows.
Reading is not only an activity with
printed words. It uses thinking
strategies to decipher the meaning of a
written text.
Reading is viewed as a connected
discourse between the reader and the
text. It is a process that involves
knowledge, experience, and thinking in
getting the meaning of the text.
Components in Reading
- Author
- Reader
- Text
Stages of Reading
- Pre-reading
- During reading
- Post-reading
1
Reading Strategies
In order to read effectively, you need to
use reading techniques that depends
on your purpose in reading.
Objective in Reading:
- To thoroughly understand the
text
- To look for the specific
information
- To know what the material is all
about
- To get ides beyond written lines
Reading Strategies
- Prediction
– is a guess the reader makes
based on the titles, headings,
prior knowledge, pictures and
diagrams to anticipate what will
happen in the story.
- Skimming
– is reading rapidly in order to
get a general overview of the
material.
Styles of skimming:
o Previewing
– is getting an idea of
what the written material
is all about without
reading the main body of
the text.
Strategies: Photo
captions, section
headings, title, table of
contents, etc.
o Overviewing
– getting a general look
off a complex text before
reading it in detail.
– Helps to build up a
mental outline of the
main ideas covered
Reading and Writing 3rd Quarter
o Surveying
– is giving a rundown
from the first to the last
section.
o Scanning
– is used to search only
for specific
information needed.
– Reading quickly to
find important
information.
Comprehensive Reading
Comprehension
– is the understanding and
interpretation of what is read.
– requires full processing of the text for
full understanding of the material.
Levels of Comprehension
Literal Comprehension
- Involves understanding of the
message directly stated in the
text.
- What the author is actually
saying.
- Literal Reading: Direct
comprehension
Ex. Eating apple regularly can
make a person healthy.
Ex. Sunflower got its name
because the flowers turn
towards the sun.
2
Inferential Comprehension
- The reader makes inferences
(observations), draws
conclusions, and predicts
outcomes from the information.
- The reader must simply read
between the lines and make
inferences about things not
directly stated.
- Determining what the text
means
Ex.
-Ted played games, had cake
and ice cream, then watched as
-his friend opened his gifts
One could conclude that Ted
was at a birthday party.
Applied Comprehension
- Is how the reader uses his/her
experiences and prior
knowledge into the written text
in making an evaluation
- (Application based on: schema
and information from text)
Ex. “An apple a day keeps the
doctor away.”
- The reader will react
emotionally and intellectually
with the material. Because
everyone’s life experiences are
varied, answers to some of the
following question will vary:
- Could this possibly happen?
- Is this argument logical?
- What alternatives are there?
- Is this a fact or an opinion?
- Do you agree or disagree with
the author?
- What is the best solution to this
problem?
Reading and Writing 3rd Quarter

Critical Reading:
- It is a technique which involves
an analysis of the claims
presented in the text.
- When we read critically, we use
our critical thinking skills to
question both the text and our
own reading of it.
- The key critical thinking skills
are: analysis, interpretation,
inference, explanation, open-
mindedness, and problem-
solving.