<1 enor tne gon unborn ‘moans No Forl=4:n) Rid Enter the given valuas of x and Roadx a5 x | Beret a" | yas x) and y() respectively in proper sequence. y meat intially deine dx = Sp = 0, by = Sy = 0, éxy = S, = and &x” = Sy =0. Fori=2, S)=0+x(1)=x(1) Sp=x(1) + x(2) 81 =0+y(1)=y(1) S; =y(1) + y(2) + (1) y(t) = x(1) -y(1) S2= x(t) y(1)* x@)- 72) x(t) x(1)= A |S = BANE + Bay? ‘The process is continued for'’ numberof values. | veo fH /P Liisi |" int the table for given values of x and y as xy ex y As per least square criteria, adx+nb=dy = —» aSy+nb=S, adx'+bax=dxy > aS3+bSy=Sz Now according to Cramer's rule, So a pea-[er | =90"8e-" 5s tt means ba=a,=[e! gf 2S17S0-# =a,=|82 Sil =s)xs)-s,* ob=dy=[20 5H] =5)*5:-81*5y For values of a and b, 4, 4, ofa = a=Q and p= [ina ate [Print tne values of’ and] ats [FRISBY ne Pt to tal equation on y= ax +] ‘means a = Flowchart No. 8.1 : For straight line equation y = ax + bProgram to fit a straight line by Least square criteria (y=ax+b) ‘n-input(Enter the number of inputs for i=! x()=input(Entor the values ofx =; }-y ‘y(i)=input(Enter the values of y = end S0=0; Si=0; 52=0; S30; forimim 80=S0+x(i) Find the values of Sy, S,, S, and S, for all given values of x and Ex. yas, Sy = Ex, S, = By, 5, Exy and Print the. table for values of x and y as fprinti(%f od wf Nn x( 1), yli).2e64) * 2,y6i)* XC); =e ¥ a ona i st e Pessoa ae50'50-°S3 Formulate the equations of straight line using least square das1°S0-0°S2; > Jeriteria and solve them by using Cramer's rule. Find values of ene ‘determinant of d, d, and dj. a=da/d; i bedb/d; fprintf(Ans:- a=%f =f", inten \ty =e Se [Output| Enter the number of inputs = 7 Enter the values of Enter the values of y = 0.5 x y a x” Enter the values of x Enter the values of y = 2.6 0.500000 1.000000 04600000 Enter the values of x = 9 .s00000 —4,000000 5.000000 Enter the values of y = 2 2.000000 9,000000 6.000000 Enter the valuos of x = 4 4.000000 16,000000 * 16.000000 Ratec:she yatonsiol ye 4) 3.500000 6.000000 17,6000 Raise tis VaR las 6.000000° 36,000009 3.000000 urate 500000 —49,000000 8.600000 Enter the values of x = 6 Enter the values of y = 6 Entor the valuos of x = 7It enter given values of x and y a8} means | x(i) and y(i) respectively. Read x a5 x() Read y as y(i) Initially put Ex = Sy = 0, Ly = $, = 0, Exy=§, Bx? =85=0, x’y = 8, =0, Ex°=S, = Oand Ix! =S,=0. Fori=1 Sy =0+x(1)= x(1) 8) =0+y)=¥1) yt) +¥2) So 80 0 S22 0+x(1)-y(1) =H(1) (1) $2 =x(1)-¥(1) + #2)-¥2) $178,490) 2 S)=S)+x0*y0) y= 04x(1)-x(1) = BAD! S32 k(NF + oI =S,+x()*. ax # | So ene ie Irreans | Se=O+x(1)-x(1) y(t) = CHP“) = [x(1)F - y(1) * QF -v(2) S5= Sq +x{i)*() =x, 5 = 0 + x(1) -x(1) (1) = BC S_= (DI + QI 25, + x() + x0) +x) * x0 SiS SHES 8) =0#x(1)-x(1) x(t) x(t) = COI | Se= Exc + xe ‘This process is continued for ‘n’ number of values. Formulate the equations of parabolic curve using least square criteria and express them In.a matrix form as coefficient matrix peat | (l= a.nd constant matrix [8] = b. ‘Solve the above matrix by using MATLAB ‘command 'linsolve' or by using Gauss elimination method. —!t____ print the values of a, b and c. 1 means 7 __ etn tral qin aaatony =a? bx : For Quadratic equation y = ax’ + bx + ¢ Flowchart No. 8.‘Binput(Enter the number of inputs =; for i=in x()=input(Entor tho values of x = 9); fori=tm From i= 1 (0 n, find the values of Sy, S,, Sy, Sy) Sy Sg and Sg a8 50=50+x1i); sige 8) = Exy 8, = Ly, 8, = E1y S2es2+x(*¥(); 7 8) = Ex, S,=Zs'y, S,= 22° i S9=S34x()*x(); i 4 S444 x)*x(* YE: and Se S5=85+x()"x()"x(; S6=S8-+x(i"x() "x(x; end see Formulate the equations of parabolic curve | Lea > | using least square criteria and express them in i | & matrix form as coefficient matrix [A] = a betst; and constant matrix [B] = b 82; 84 1 volinsolve(a.b): fprintf(Ans ene, v1). ¥(2). 010); yi > fiauradtey=nse24ntcese «rywarwtay, — Supe Enter the values of y Enter the number of inputs = 7 Enter the values of x Enter the values of x = -3 Enter the values of y Enter the values of x = 3 Enter the values of y = 12 Entec the values of y = 30 Enter the values of x = 2 a= 20 7 Enter the values of y = 4 o 2 0 ater the values of = +1 198 0 28 Enter the values of y = 1 n Enter the values of x = 0 Enter the values of y = 2 2.118048 b= 2.928571 c = 1.666687 2.119048 ~ 2-+2.828571%+ 1,686657>>It ‘ —lte [Enter the given number of mean EF inputs, sey 'n!. No Enter the values of x from I, | 11o'n’as, x= x() and store ‘means | values of y as temp. Make new ‘column for y(i) asy(!) = log (temp). athe [inti put Sp = 0, 8 =0, 8, = 0 and Sy =0] Fort=1, For = 2, Sy =0+x(1)= x(1) Sp = x(1) + x(2) Sy =0 + y(1)= (1) S, = y(t) + (2) Sp= 5p +x) 81 =; +00) S2=S2 +x) *¥O Sy= Sy +x(i) * xt) WL} Sp = 0 + x(1) -y(1) = x(1) (1) | Sp = x(1) - yl) + x02) - (2) means Sy=04x(1)-x1)= HCN? | Sy= ECHO The process is continued for 'n’ number of values. As per least square criteria, ayIx+nby=Zy 2 a,Sy#nby=S, ay Ix" + by Ex = Exy = 3483 +DySq = Sp Now according to Cramer's rule, Sp on = Sg * Sp—nxS, 5 So So So 3 G=8,7 8-975 4,=8;*Sp—n* Sp a 25150752 sy %,| | =S0*82- 5155 For values of a, and by, it, [ To find values of 'at and 'b’ use, Tears bee’, —t. ‘sau Treaty | Print the final equation of curve as y= ab'.] Flowchart No. 8.3 : For curve y = ab™Program to fit a curve by Least square criteria (y=atb4x) ainputf\n Hater numberof slements ="; }-9! enter the given number of Inputs, say "1 Enter the given values of x from 1 to n as x(i) and | store values of y as 'temp'. Make new column for y(i) | 8 y(i) = log, (temp). 5 > Initially define Ex = 8, = 0, Zy = Ext=S,=0. From i= I tom, calculate the values of Sq Sy S, and S; as, S) = Ex 8, = Ly, S, = Lay ad Sy = 82=82+x(i)*¥10: S3=83+x(i)*x end d=S0*S0-n"S3: da=S1*S0-n"S2; b=50°S2.S1S3; > alsda/a; bi=db/d; Formulate the equations of of straight line using least squar criteria and solve them by using Cramer's rule. Find values of | determinant of d, da and db. em (a1); 4 a= exp (b1); i [Output . ‘Enter number of elements = § Enter the values of x = 2.1 Enter the values of y = 6.14 Enter the values of x = 2.5 Enter the values of y = 6.788 “Enter the values of x = 3.1 Enter the values of y = 10.29 Enter the values of x = 3.5 Enter the values of y = 19.58 Enter the vales of x = 4.1 Enter the values of y = 20,678 ye=(199869)(2.000778)*x>>It —— [Enter the given number of i 1 mean ff gi f inputs say 'n’] No. Enter the values of x from 1 to 'n’ as re | band values of y as ‘temp’. means | Now,-calculate, x(i) and y(i) as, x(i) = log (tx) and ¥({) = log (temp). 0 =o X ies a0. tye B] tent pu'8p20,5,=0,5)=00085)=6] =o —Fori=tin> : Fori= 1, Fori=2, Yes, Sp=0+x(1) =x(1) Sq = »(1} + x(2) Sy oF y= y(t) $1 = (1) +y(2) x) Sy= Sy+x() + xQ) 8y= 0+ x(1)-x(1)= (NF | Sy = CANT? + (QI? ‘The process is continued for 'n’ number of values. ‘As perleast square criteria, ay Sx +n, = Sy ay Ex? +b, Ex= Now according to Cramer's rule, a §| 8050-985 n al =8,*Sy-n* 8, B es0H5-91955 For values of ay and by, b= ay= 2 and b= % It [ To find values of ‘a! and ‘b' use, a=" and | Flowchart No. 8.4 : For curve y = ax” mM) Sp= 0+ (1) + y11) = x(1)- yt). | Sp x(1)- YC1) + x(2) - (2) TearsProgram to fit a curve by Least square criteria (y=a"x*b) 4 nsinpottin Ener nurse of stbante = a. number. of faputs ay forietn ‘c-input(\n Ester the value of x = tomp=input(\n Enter the value of y =: xti)=IoaC2): y@)=logitemp): From i= 1 to m enter values of x as x, and values of ¥ a5 temp. Now caleulate x(i) and y(i) as, £ adi) = tog, (t,) and y(i) = log, (temp). end s0=0; S1=0; S2=0; 83-0; <5 Iniiany aetne Ex = 55 = 0, Ey =5, and EF =5,=0. x sisst+yi; > | From i= 1 to a, caleulate the values of Sy S,, S, and s2=satxi)y: | Sy as, Sy = Ex, 8 = Zy, 8, = Exy and Sy = Ex, 83=534x)%ti: end 4=s0'S0-0°53; da=S1*S0-0"S2; eb=S0°S2-S1°S3; Formulate the equations of straight line using > | least square criteria. and solve them by using ‘Cramer's rule, Find values of determinant of d, da and ab. Output] Enter number of elements = 5 Enter tho value of x = 05 Enter the value of y = 0.7425 Enter the value of x = 1.5 Enter the value of y = 9.8579 Enter the value of x = 2 Enter the value of y = 6.9397 Entor the value of x = 2.6 Entor tho value of y = 8.201, Enter the value of x = 3 Enter the value of y = 10.912 y=iasnocosaye* (.A00073)>>It_, [Enter the given number of inputs means | say'n’, From i= 1 ton, enter the value It_,_ | ofx as x(i). Store values of y means | as temp. Calculate y(i) = log, (temp). Intlatly put Sp * 0, Sy * 0, 8 * 0.and Sy =0. + 3 Forts, Forl=2, 8y=0+'x(1) = x(1) Sy = H(t} + 12) 8, =0 + y(t) =y(1) Sy = y(1) + y(2) Bp = 0+ x(1) > y(1) = x(1) CA) |] Sy= HCH) YH) # x2) 2) 8y= 04 x(t): x(t) = OC)? | Sy = fC? + aI The process is continued for‘! number of values. Treans ‘As per least square citer, ay Extnby= By — —e a,S9 + rby= Sy ay Bx? + by Ex= By —> 8183 * D180 = Se Now according to Cramer's rule, For values of a, and by, aye 4a and by= Sb ¢ ¢ 1 (ey values of a and b on) “Theané 1 and b= ay. ‘te | Print the final equation of curve as y= @ ) Flowchart No, 8.5 : For curve y= a0"Program to fit a curve by Least square criteria (y=a"e*(bx)) n=input(\n Enter number of elements =‘: fori=in ‘x(i)=input(\n Enter the value of x = ‘temp=input(\n Enter the value of y =") ‘yli)=lon(temp); end : = s2+x(i)* yi; S3=S3+x(i)*x(i); end db=S0*S2-S1°S3;, 3 al=da/d; bi=db/d;_ -exp(b1); } > fprintf(\n y=(%f)e~ (%f)x'a,b); Output | Enter number of elements = 4 Enter the value of x = 0.1 Enter the value of y = 1.832 Enter the value of x = 0.2 Enter the value of y = 2.238 Enter the value of x = 0.3 Enter the value of y = 2.7333 Enter the value of x = 0.4 Enter the value of y = 3.338 y4(1\600073)e ™(1.999818)x>> > | initiany define Bx = §, and Zx? = S,=0. }> [Enter the giv {and store values of y as temp make new columa for y(#) as y(l) = log, (temp). i From {= 1 to n, calculate the values of Sy S,,S, and S, as, Sp = Ex, 8, = Ly, S, = Exy and 8, = Ex, Formulate the equations of straight line using least / square criteria and solve them by using Cramer's rule. Find values of determinant of d, da and db.