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01-1B Scientific-Revolution
01-1B Scientific-Revolution
S CIENTIFIC R EVOLUTION
THROUGHOUT THE
H ISTORY OF M ANKIND
Designation of tasks
within groups.
• Men – hunting
• Women - gathering
Paleolithic Age
(2.5 MYA - 8000 BC)
Mapagsama
ntalang lolo *Stares at
food
Food
Bone Needle
Paleolithic Age
(2.5 MYA - 8000 BC)
• Warmth
• Cooked food
• Meat that was smoked by fire could be stored
Paleolithic Age
(2.5 MYA - 8000 BC)
Generating Fire
• Certain stone, iron
pyrite, gave off
sparks when
struck against
another rock
Iron Pyrite
Paleolithic Age
(2.5 MYA - 8000 BC)
Neolithic Society
• During the Neolithic
age, people lived in
small tribes composed
of families.
• The domestication of
large animals resulted
in a dramatic increase
in social inequality.
• Headed by a
charismatic leader of
tribal groups.
Neolithic Revolution
(10,200 BC and ending between 4500 and 2000 BC)
Neolithic Society
• The clothing of the Neolithic
humans were made of
animal skins.
• Reliance upon the foods
produced from cultivated
lands.
• Encouraged the growth of
settlements.
• Production of surplus crop
yields
Neolithic Revolution
(10,200 BC and ending between 4500 and 2000 BC)
Growth of Agriculture
• Surpluses could be stored and traded.
• Agricultural life afforded securities.
• Sedentary
farming
populations
grew faster
than nomadic.
Neolithic Revolution
(10,200 BC and ending between 4500 and 2000 BC)
Neolithic Technology
• An array of Neolithic
artifacts, including
bracelets, axe heads,
chisels, and polishing
tools.
• Neolithic stone
artifacts are by
definition polished.
Neolithic Revolution
(10,200 BC and ending between 4500 and 2000 BC)
Neolithic Technology
Neolithic Technology
• Skilled manufacturers of a range of other types of
stone tools and ornaments, including projectile points,
beads, and statues.
• The polished stone axe allowed forest clearance in a
large scale.
Rise of Ancient Civilizations
Emergence of science and technology on
diverse usage
• Cuneiform – handwriting
• Uruk City
• Irrigation and Dikes
• Sailboats
• Wheel
• The Plow
Egyptian Civilization
(3100 BC to 332 BC)
• Paper or papyrus
• ink
• Hieroglyphics
• Cosmetics and Wig
• Water Clock/Clepsydra
Chinese Civilization
(1600 BC to 221 BC)
• Silk
• Tea Production
• Great wall of China
• Gunpowder
Greek Civilization
(800 BC to 140 BC)
• Alarm Clock
• Water Mill
Roman Civilization
(753 BC to 476 AD)
• Newspaper
• Bound Books or Codex
• Roman Architecture
• Roman Numerals
The Middle “Dark” Ages
(476 AD to 1400s)
• Printing Press
• Microscope
• Telescope
• War weapons
The Renaissance
(14th to 17th Century)
Also regarded as
the bridge
between the
middle ages and
modern history
that started as a
cultural
movement in Italy,
it later spread
towards the rest
of Europe.
Modern History and the
Industrial Revolution
(1700s to 1900s)
Cotton Gin
Modern History and the
Industrial Revolution
(1700s to 1900s)
• Large gains in
productivity also
occurred in spinning
and weaving of textile
• The first that employed
the factory system.
• The use of machines
and an "assembly-line"
approach
Modern History and the
Industrial Revolution
(1700s to 1900s)
Use of Chemistry
• The large-scale production of
chemicals was an important
development during the
Industrial Revolution.
• Production of sulphuric acid was
pioneered by the Englishman
John Roebuck in 1746.
• Production for fertilizers,
detergents, dyes, explosives,
drugs and other chemicals.
Modern History and the
Industrial Revolution
(1700s to 1900s)
Use of Chemistry
• Germany took world leadership in the chemical industry
during the industrial industry.
• Aspiring chemists flocked to German universities during
the period.
Modern History and the
Industrial Revolution
(1700s to 1900s)
Invention of Cement
• In 1824 Joseph Aspdin, a British bricklayer turned
builder, patented a chemical process for making Portland
cement.
• This process involves sintering a mixture of clay and
limestone to about 1,400 °C (2,552 °F), then grinding it
into a fine powder which is then mixed with water, sand
and gravel to produce concrete.
Modern History and the
Industrial Revolution
(1700s to 1900s)
Agricultural Machines
• Joseph Foljambe's
Rotherham plough of
1730 was the first
commercially successful
iron plough.
• The threshing machine,
invented by Andrew
Meikle in 1784, displaced
hand threshing with a flail,
a laborious job that took
about one-quarter of
agricultural labor.
Modern History and the
Industrial Revolution
(1700s to 1900s)
Tingin sa camera
mga cyst,
*ganda
ka ghorl
*HALP!!!
Electricity
• The development of electricity
as a source of power had been
done by an international
collection of scientists including
Benjamin Franklin, Alessandro
Volta, and Michael Faraday.
Modern History and the
Industrial Revolution
(1700s to 1900s)
Automobile
• Henry Ford was by far one of
the most imperative inventors
of the Industrial Revolution.
• It enabled people to go
wherever they wanted
whenever they wanted.
• The automobile modernize the
transportation industry entirely.
Henry Ford
Modern History and the
Industrial Revolution
(1700s to 1900s)
Camera
• Beginning in 1814, Joseph
Nicéphore Niépce the first
person to ever take a
photograph.
Telephone
• Alexander Graham Bell created
the telephone in 1876.
• The telephone further improved
communications and eventually
led to the various
communications devices used
today.
Phonograph
• Thomas Edison created
the phonograph in
1877.
• Prior to the creation of
the phonograph the
only option for
entertainment was for
live musicians or actors
to perform.
• This allowed people to
Thomas Edison with his second phonograph,
listen to music photographed by Levin Corbin Handy in Washington,
anywhere. April 1878
Modern History and the
Industrial Revolution
(1700s to 1900s)
Phonograph
• Brothers Orville and
Wilbur Wright created the
first airplane in 1903.
• Within a few decades
planes had changed the
face of personal and
business travel and had
dramatically altered
warfare.
The Anthropocene (Present)
The Rise of the Human Empire
The era in which human activity has been the dominant
influence on climate and the environment.
The Anthropocene (Present)
The Rise of the Human Empire
Nuclear Weapons
• Warfares have left their
mark on geology.
• When the first nuclear
weapon was detonated
on 16 July 1945 in New
Mexico
The Anthropocene (Present)
The Rise of the Human Empire
Fossil Fuels
• Burning fossil fuels
mark Anthropocene
age.
• Current rates of
carbon emission are
thought to be higher
than at any time in the
last 65 million years.
The Anthropocene (Present)
The Rise of the Human Empire
Carbon Emissions
The Anthropocene (Present)
The Rise of the Human Empire
Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Gas
The Anthropocene (Present)
The Rise of the Human Empire
Global Carbon Emissions from Fossil Fuels (1900-2014)
The Anthropocene (Present)
The Rise of the Human Empire
Plastic Use
• Plastics, initially
developed in the 1900s,
have grown rapidly
since the 1950s, and
we now produce 500
million tons a year.
• Sediments containing
plastics will be a clear
sign of the
Anthropocene.
The Anthropocene (Present)
The Rise of the Human Empire
The Anthropocene (Present)
The Rise of the Human Empire
Changed Geology
• Every time we destroy a patch of rainforest, this
changes the future of Earth’s geology.
• We have transformed more than 50 % of Earth’s land
area for our own purposes.
• Deforestation, farming, drilling, mining, landfills, dam-
building and coastal reclamation are all having
widespread effects on sedimentary processes.
• Disrupting how layers of rock are laid down, which will
be detectable thousands of years in the future.
The Anthropocene (Present)
The Rise of the Human Empire
The Anthropocene (Present)
The Rise of the Human Empire
The Anthropocene (Present)
The Rise of the Human Empire
Use of Fertilizers
• Our attempts to feed an increasing population will
leave clear indicators, too.
• Levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in soils have
doubled in the last century because of our increased
use of fertilizers.
• We produce 23.5 million tons of phosphorus a year.
• Human activity had the biggest impact on the nitrogen
cycle for 2.5 billion years.
The Anthropocene (Present)
The Rise of the Human Empire
Global Warming
• Unusually rapid increase
in Earth’s average
surface temperature over
the past century primarily
due to the greenhouse
gases released as
people burn fossil fuels.
• Rate of temperature
increase has nearly
doubled in the last 50
years.
The Anthropocene (Present)
The Rise of the Human Empire
Global Warming
• Average global sea
levels are higher than at
any point in the past
115,000 years and are
rising rapidly, which
may also be detectable
in future.
The Anthropocene (Present)
The Rise of the Human Empire
So, is technology
dangerous???
The Anthropocene (Present)
The Rise of the Human Empire
The Dark Side of Technology
• Technology is a mostly
positive endeavor, except for
some troubling and
unnerving possibilities
Michio Kaku refers to as
“wildcards.”
• The unanticipated uses of
technology and science
threaten to turn happy
futuristic dreams into
nightmares.
There are dangers, but only
dangers if people don’t understand
where technology is taking us.
-Michio Kaku
S CIENCE , T ECHNOLOGY, AND S OCIETY
S CIENTIFIC R EVOLUTION
THROUGHOUT THE
H ISTORY OF M ANKIND