Woiepa st SMITH 6 UR HAE ae ae AT | as CoTUNS OITA fayS sTTEAT, rere BILE ™Eoo FHeMTT, STATA Gre Sry Bas apna free ar | oat ca aCe Adenia Ata, afer, Bes-anew, BA; Comme ATE FATS oft ATA Aa TAPTAT | aA CHANG ARP, HA, *PT-ATTNAM, STA ceretts Freer, FRET STAT THAT | as carne FAUT AHS OH ae AA AAT, TATA CHANG AAC VAHL ACH APARATO es | 4 RT STATENS eA ifacacta fafa at | Alita g fafha aarACTA ee AAR aTATR Gicad BahyS 1 acer aE Steet VHS ora EAE CAO RS, Bes BATH ST erenvS BTR A HoaToA Ae OTL OATS UA AT | SARA Far I, Warr Atos Vier genfos Fe Are ACA ACOT (FAT Prat ACW BAT cat) ER TT TESA FAT Yo ACA Ge |. AT Tw ctenfo Sie sate care ote fSqwa CPEs SETA coma fe centers “Are Fat aR fea fox eenfor 4 afarce | BRA eI (Plant kingdom) Plancae Plantae Plantae | 31 SPF (Division) —phyta | Magnoliophyta Magnoliophyta | Magnoliophyta 1 HT Class) “opsida | Magnoliopsida Mognoliopsida | Liliopsida [81 84 Order) =ales | Urticales ‘Sapindales | Cyperales | chat (Family) “aceae, | Moriceae ‘Anacardiaceae | Poaceae 19% (Genus) x ‘Artocarpus Mangifera Oryza 4 | GATS Species) — | A heterophyllus Lamk. | M. indica L. ©. sativa L. ¥GH heterophyllus V indica T sativa At AM ACH AwHhS CAMS A, AFA IGT eteaihos ALAA CHICA HT IZ | CHARITON CL CHTCAT RATS FAT BAT BT (Taxon), CAA ae ceaid Dire, tt sel Bra ) PAT (artificial), (2) APSF (natural) Ke (0) SHB (phylogenetic) cafafearer 1 21 Bay CHART aS (Artificial system of classification) + CBICAT eR at ReTe SoHE CaP CEST Bom (Rove aca wre) PER ara Cfererces cm CIRO aT eT Ics FAT aA aS aT feCTEP SPT cee PRTC GIfeTT tafe pian cfr tafsa CareA | 2 1 aTPRSE CHAFTTIA TAS (Natural system of classification) « FAfBq fer at Sher onBta Tees HNATE aerreaiter agent Bote FSH Sea HMA Fat TOTS MGS CHAATATHT HAS eC | 4 CCR Bftrora arp foe ZafhBrecen Row HATS AA Heese Laps cacy GIST BU aR a Geis FFG FeAT cafe aT aT 1 IAAI RTA CAPA ahs aTghos | 1 Bieaht MPT Tae (Phylogenetic system of classification) + 1 Ra fs a1 Bim once OTE Serene wecsa Bra VS aca awe tat EE wilh ew UNAS amet Tee IAT Sat ST ICs SNH HAART TTS ae | TA-aToeT, ASO, SH, SAPVT , OTIS ee feria cram CiMfear raf enfoaty ceafafaars rater Caza | ARemaTsory-oa Ghar AMAT aS ARCHEH (Theophrastus, 370-285 Feet 371-287 B.C): FOF faery aE fats Ere Shanfeeart (abr 6 SMAGRIIT-as ya ae AREA sNCSTAA ae) | REPO Pcs AIS Bale afafow 1 az HPD zeT (>) Enquiry into Plants 7 Historia Plantarum Pera Ske afafoo 6 At SITIES 1 (2) On the Causes of Plants, St err Ste Stent aS 1 Historia Plantarum-94 HF A Nepi Oyrav lotopia (Periphyton Historia) | Sof @8cH4 FACT Historia Plantarum #&fB fafS : > 1 aOR, 21 TF GR aeHRE, 1 FH TR, 81 fA ge oT, ¢1 a, v1 Bret, a) ee, v1 PT FOR, d) ‘Bisa COTE TARA AR do 1 (AT RACH Fea) | fire cate apfbs GAA STAN Theodore Gaza (98@8, FFM 38b0) | aa Rea GAA FAI Arthur Hort (28? $o5u) | 361 2B Gs eT “ICA Boo BHT WATT; MS 8o0-Coo etenfom BharAA TAT AACR | Sra ATH Feat Tyrtamus | FOP BAe Sea DUCTS Boy ASAT Cot FACS ATS TR St ATA AAT A Theophrastus (Theos = god, to phrase = devine expression) | Orcs Claes GF (father of botany) we Ries Ber sex age, fags o aoe Boa (SS era CoarmRe DAD aiftcw (ata) ort Beare Wat (i) HF (tree) AFF, (ii) A (shrub) a CA , (iii) ALMA (undershrub or subshrub) ‘Srtewy eae (iv) BF (herb) Tt Tre 1 1. (Tree 1 EF : ME ass sla Cy am Chore Oa Ye FT aT aT FEN; COR Mangifera indica (STA), Syzygium cumini (ST) , Artocarpus heterophyllus (A311) MEFS |vi Shafter a IL. S14 (Shrub) @ 7 : 74 Bien SoH, eas, meratS aes sredly vee crgT are Shee “are-eeeiren Faeta Fea Carey afew BH OPIS BABAR AN A Ve; AA—Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (BAN), Ixora coccinea (#74) , Gardenia jasminoides (8418) SEAS | V1 RAKE | TIL. SIS (Undershrub) @ Brey : sia Ors cad wrancaa sb Vierce OTST : feesemter (aes sere Bier) [Sowers |: BHCACATMTARET (HASH THs Sher) (Cryptogamia), (Phanerogamia) "29 or >. Goad Sear Bt 6 iat Nera oe 3. Sea aren eee BCE | ‘frortbs : feei-o: feern-) + Feret7-2 = OreTaeo Cfecererety ‘fercarnnty eorfenent (Thallophyta) (Prerdophyta) (Gymnospermae) || (Angiospermae) ls. Some GB | ror ICR >. or re, Is. cre, 218 € h." woe eR corer opeeceisg | | [RAAT 8. tT RANT AT 79 eH jo. aeaw are: lo. tersrgo ace a. So 3B BAT fo. Sra Bay re | ]8. orgena Roy erce | |]s, ergera (Bay ere | fo. rari fay cae 8. oe @ | [SH Creas pectinata le. srrare mtataTe SAT, Semmibarbica \ orienialis (3A) ||Sa1, Peer longifolia CRS wRaRe RT | [eee saree (Dicotyledones) (Monacotyledones)| 3. sertena ad |] 5. aca tema gad | 3. itare Paar: |) 3. oer refer ware rare 0, QT TH UF | (. COF ATE) 8. a Gaia a - ©. cor tbh 1 ae 8. qm aRcaart cree FAAS 8, afew eH Bal, Abelmoschus Be. Oryza sativa (17) BAS THF OTE meee | esculentus (OPA) BAI. Spirogyra Iyulina_| | BAL. Pencil notarum GRR 6 Karas CHAPIN Fetters Tier cenfoa maT ay ave aR wetted Bier arena FUT Sb could Sree sat VAR | SACETT HPRGT Gt ASAT 21 Rater AARP : fie ues aTfesba (REI ovs—o2a) Safserra TAs ers AAT | for Genes wae acey Sti sealer; Tea (i) BforaTET ax (ii) earen | FACET SRT cece Fifer age, orate wraite Gaels ak ye aren we feet) fates ACI AT IAT Tewias ace wEgS aft | Altman & Dittmar (1972) 4S WS ACT GS CHSAATET (Plantae) WSOC SESS FCA |viii ‘Seer oa 2 ASARTET AARETPT : Soo HAC Rewari CAMB (Protista) AMS GAT PSM AE ATI SAA | BE Protistos TF AAC CAF Protista ANSAT Fat SAR GAA caBIG acer (Bryophyta) ¢ oP #71 CR | oa T ii cea oar = 1 OH AATTRTOH TTR | BARAT : Riccia gangetica, Semibarbula orientalis BATT: Artocarpus heterophyllus, Preris longifolia cDifeowbra vi wees KT 1. Lycopodophyta, 2. Sphenophyta, 3. Filicinophyta, 4. inkgophyta, $, Coniferophyta, 6,Gnetophyta, 7. Cyeadophyta, 8. Angiospermophyta,x Ghefeera-etey a ToaTEY AAA (Gane of sfearay oar wf aren ow) ‘sftares > | > 1 enfear 2 oreo 91 Reenter (Domain) | (Archaea) (Bacteria) (Bukarya) aa >i oiterechiar | 1 arecbete |e eH fer eee fei ams | ws softer (Kingdom) | (Archacbacteria) | (Bubacteriay | (Protista) | (Fungi) (Plantae) | (Animalia) AIT ATH | wnfacefiae scsi aahare ae ahs eas cate soy | coreenbics corsenbls woe mmo | corenia | aca, — | forersa GR, areata FACS AE | PaCS A | frpewy | worer CRATE | oR fora | fate fiers arece aca | | sateen eae at Fe wre | ARCO aft ST ares, | aavSTe arse | cee, aSTE, weil, acer (Nutrition) /| @ef-cacnte, | xcordt sacra a | aeons (| ecb Scatbe sraceret woniirate, | Gereea; | azar | era coherraite ea cre — |. sarong) 7OF afer se witb, Fal S| wr aay acta wet, eee | SC, cow | wf | weet (Reproduction). ECR aa aa, Gia, woe > at aatre sce | Sct Beret acer, E. coli Amoeba, | aX wee, |e, ge, | (Examples) | srticerfeep Tree GTS, ape Cie, | terafe, sre Creare cofirers | nf, sy, wyenet | * Domain @ oftarn citfenrraige acim wa) aomcefirerer farwat wae RNA tafeeBya ort fofe aca Sta areprers feat sfeacen we sa ere!. ae Acadewiic 8 dn Bon i We Rise By Lifting @therseer TT ER OR, IT 8 QF stot anne DNA, RNA. CELL AND ITS STRUCTURE rahe orice Siew < enftrere, CONT HoH aay fafeH GGA HSA e BIT TWH COMA LGR @ ware Ron era Sener fafoy wHEPRCRT SAE, se 6 are TECH Wie feUS STATS oA | 8 SOTERA OTT cy Freee AT aT Pree — one feet & Gn abe 6 meMcaTaRat Same, amie oon « [ay | ae) 13.2 CORA AF 1 4 oRcarecsn wera erg wae Rt a oie | “oreit & RAITT, smfiew, AOTC, oReeE sau, = 2 owe aie | TERS oO 6 wre fee TN 6 oN cote a9 | ae eatoTom alte cer EH ob | ACR are o were afooda o cites ont or acme [ey | WRcbreleaT rEg | aso | aoe & aroma afeni= © aunties oe ot ace | tb | OFF arate | 132 | FT Reimer vba 0 arr sei 30. | “CRORE 15 98 | GUCHICTCN sf 4 Repose ontcimece mone sea ee get) | | a ee o corre Risa wg fee fom we) Oca fiir eter ard ser my | sees } GroToIoR 97 6 aa apres So | [oth sq_| Festaaticaiastirs mitts (DNA) 4 care Resets carcmrenrena eer | wid oy | aRcaNeEe SPE (RNA) o> femme © wraame 09 no 6 ae sti 3» | _DNA SrA > mA : "18 20 Caras oa. as Sey ae Rama afro aferm | it (aes > Grfieonas ae ae) Same - o rena oe (eae fire coats ome: ante ar GT Cell (GI) ASAT: Robert Hooke (1635-1703) 3¥Ut AIG AGM OAD Ga AST ae wifes ars Pye wae SC art) Teles yom Toalgs few fetes aca cay oT fe ‘Dora sare aed | felt Sree Syst ETA TTT aeoT feR sar aH FRAT) fete crac aa fe (cork) RTS FRCAB (solid) BAD NCS SA, ax BA He fois feta ald omen Cre ea ETT Tee tice Facer | FOP Ora CTarfen OTSA FIT HRA CAT Cais PIR A ACATE (little boxes) GPS CAR | OA SA ACA ACT SICA FAAS <1 ors eT TT aT CRIT CRIP Cell (cams) Fahy CARTER 1 8 CACHE ARPT Tittle box CLT VFL ATH CAA Cell A ACHTB | AMA Cellula CHC Cell “CHR YH b ‘Vena wis Oe RR ACOT aT BAA | SA Sra ACT Micrographia ICE Sart Sean | Creare Seater (Ly-1 ‘en Pr lger, eres a roby ren Fag ware eats ATT ceca fg AR aT NT Sea (BA)->8 Shafeora-gey a Gat fits cad cab qcarices Cr aT aa) BfRaTeN CHAR STAPHAS , AUT COTEN GANT AT AT STS + Pega ofearne ary ar a cafes feu cofbara core fica fw 1 Swabia fom afer core rT TTT Boon fom ACT TH HTM (17 em x 12.5 em) | GAN A MBA GPT, rev Set car TAT, HT COTTA ATRL gee PABA CH AH 1.37 FROTS MT, Cell ARAM eer A ATR CHT AT ACH | TH SAFO FS CHE Se CHA ACHR cavatvers | HHL caress aan fehe aT frets a IME oars Frert fey Sree way aera AT | SAA ACT SF (Grew, 1682), WPF (Wolf, 1759), RAAT (De Mirbel, 1802), GCA (Oken, 1805), *BTATE (Lamarck, 1809), BURT (Dutrochet, 1824) BATON | 4 Hee ears TUTPATA Bier o anata ore coTH fire AT saa ABT care TTA @ SCC TIC aire | gana Seahrcecas faRdT Safs afte Wa ETH (Dutch) FeeTAr wrRoh wr PMECAEE (Antony Van Leeuwenhoek) #24 5498 7k GEM sista eipie coerce fim cardia ware Stew corm orkcaes SEAR | SAY FIC CHP FTA (Felice Fontana) CAA ACH AVAPRO HOY AANA FACS Svoo ALT FAT TEA (Robert Brown) Aeerey Visrrarea PE corersis ACHP Vy alder FAT | sroe acer are corafan CARATS BUTABA (Felix Dujardin) GRR TT REAR Cara aT eeUCS sta FACATE (Sarcode) AIT SUAS FA | bBo ACA MACE (Johannes Purkinje) & Sart HEIs ates ATT CA CREB TE TENT | Sows ACT STs ear APH AT (Max Knol) @ WPT aET (Emst Ruska) PSF Rerada Sear nies ree at ARS areca a HTT @ HURT SMTA SHAH (ultra) ASA STAT CCR | fafea aren fafa Fawr cores fafa FRET QT CATER | ‘® Jean Brachet (1961) 44 5OS- ‘GON Be Silas SAAS CATE eS | 4 Loewy and Siekevitz (1963) 44 WS- ‘Te Wail Cate ERIE GES T GE secon AA RT ARABS NC ae A SAT CHICA NT ATTA AGTS AT-SACA HPH |” © CP. Hickman (1970) 4 5OB- ‘GP RAT CSRS SA @ SMa ISS eR MBS PASM CHAS PS 7a cers Pret @ eter HPT | ‘ De Roberties (1979) 4 HOS: ‘GOMe Zeon Sica ATH SATS 6 FHS IHS |" SO ICA AE Soro WI CAs’ afefbwe er al 44 care FeaTETA CAE CaLSR AGA caeTe AB (Cells come from pre- existing cells) | fe Fed ARCS TAA CATAT CHTST fT AT, TAA Pre-existing cell GN HRT AS? Sey care Pera A eral? Alexander Oparin 448 J.B.S. Haldane (1920) 4 & wafers TEER Fre (CH,), UTE AT (NH), RARCRICEN (H.) 14 ene] (BART aT, H,0) fer Fee Te > fer AT) Gra SHPPTITRA oramrT WEA RC ICAT ere By AE RCT | Stanley Miller 4 Harold Urey (1953) ACT AUS PPAR Mae Se BAS ae eA SAT SUR Bet BNRCAT SMITE APE ear | BATHE WA HAA SH GT HVAT FAT RNA fet, Bt sg 28 eH a ATT RNA-World Miler 2 Urey <1 8 ic ft Ge Du-| sample taken for chemical analysisCOR 8 8 1A ° ‘ent HgTe PRAM: Y/R HT FITS GG SOMATA Ca HB CAA | Gy ARR Raa we ARRET FeaTERIA CHy, NH, H30. SH, OS STCAT STATS AB ecater | GIS TBA TG wR GAIT feta AE cat | GN orABICS wacenfarS TeceTITA CoA AcaeRT | GQ/ RNA 29H STR IMA TAT TR OF EHH | waft coeeH DNA *aaSIrS carafates war ofaretBw: aH ote FRAC afaere eoafe | cere Sara Reaterata are ore stents cont cote aie (ret caret cca afb Brow wf Bem era FE AR wa care | i) BIH CTR cece HE BT Es HE, HR ape AIA cat aa rahe WS ATG ores a ata arab refieaer oR eT cee BE Ba aiFS aT CHE) aeRO eH Gi) OR A CoTN Te ey BCR AES areca hee aT ote GTAIISD afer eM exe AE aE CH oS oe aprecbiaan cat wea fore erate efemmCe A ACSIA | CHITRA CAMBY (Characteristics of Cell ar Reart at >) Sart Gy etcaTeaT FT ___atecaont se 6 arse Cam J ht ert to COR AIT | ry foe Oo acormratts afogerrs a1 acme sori commer | OP SSS ita SROT SAS AE | d oof srt coBrem ©) Storm aaa war rarest | entoncaia af RIE FAS AA AAR snmit ay Face QcHTEAT BOCA aR HE) ROR FAS ACA | ae 8) xfraiiwers cary Bare aA! | 1 brat crcatcaT BETTE | j Ver Gy ' ef org CS | \O # oa | GF — Homeostatic See | carat og | PGE mae sure AS ATH) ftom J TSR ANTS ACA | 91 or aftante wiérafirs ers aren ance arto car fare ibolism) > 0 aan ae fi .5 «af er ice (ors wht Hts © FARE FRR ois COTS BIA Fa | 30 1 TN FANS VAY MA G ATTRA VSIA SCH |8 Shefeeare- ores 9 ASE Glacre ae (acer Ga) a cafes (aah Sa) cor fren stds an ote oe PATATEA Hm em | TA CTR CHORE Steam tamercea BAT sAcaTeTA Laer ew TM RAT Te, ca RMT GATHCRE SH @ SIRT IR | GHA GN (Cell organelles) : CONAT sTRcrereca fea Gee, teem @ caceTt Srreae oar Sefaerd grPRRCe Ge SAY a; CoA. eR, acomtatie alters, wecarerT Rone | wey oS RA OPT (organelles) | aS oor WHIT Sah RCH YE Ga eificeced RCRA fPm CroMT AME | fad SITIOS aT FAT oR AE SAAT GIA STATICS AAT a deo FafSH CEMIT WARN 9 ae sida fier Ate | DAR spor rem Bisncarces faba sre Rare ers TeTeTA onder FAPae aA | GAARAT (Cytologyy : SAAT Ce MTA CATA HES TCMOAT at RT MTS STAT BTA, TST awe aaa se, corre fre, Ferm, Cure artrate, afk Roni ence wIMEAT aT eT ICE GaRAAATT at ARH MA (Cytology) Tor) RTT =A AID Gre MCHA Kvios (= cell, HT) aR logos (= discourse, SFTP) FANE 9 | Robert Hooke (1635-1703) 6 CARMA BAS TT VW | BA refers carafaayia SAF BA Carl P, Swanson (1911-1996) | GARY (Cell Theory) : Te 7S fafSal SA SM A rob—dbon AA Brita Vienfseart epey QROEA (Mathias Jacob Schleiden) @ enfefrear TscwtA GAIA (Theodor Schwann) ae ACA bee FF wide fofoers 6 Stefan lay (Rudolf Virchow) ‘CHMBY aay FAT, WS se eH >, OE RAT GIG HBA MOA, “MATS 6 ARs Gos | 2. OTE BM Glace Mere HT | 9. OTS RMFOR ET | 8, dere SAR rs at aS CH GAT IS aR ORE CaTE COTE AER CoTCRA AB SH | RSL START CHAE GI, SHAH As A SHR COT WaT TS ee CTR Fe OIE ae sate at ze Seas Se | ceay Slacorice Hhawces we o artaee cee ae eT PacerAE Giire Camere sian fog ame Bin o sified rig amie sas ones are conf wee Cres AfST SO CATA WATS BHT, SIPS, TIT e Beet wey Mey ACME CHE StaTHTER IE MOS | a ar AG eR A CaTCETTEN as GHG ay fica sfdw BAG afacaeM TEETTA rw ace © AUER wal Gr 6 BAER (spun) ce are Core aE CerNTTORT A WaT Aree Be wfentets aoe, a SU ca Ra ATT THE TREC BH | CAAT HN ATTA IGT GT SERCH A AH STAT CREE SOLE A | CTR CoE aS BREE TET Ter FARE KAT AT BPE w enh craw GahEN ATEN | 4 ta Ffemuce HfaroEe irae Pete (metabolism) TC | CC AFACSM (Kinds of Cell) (9) siitagéte Steer Bfoew carace yet rH sar A TI (¥) CARAT (Somatic Cell) + H COR SACHS AT Se Greco | Gacarea wr @ OEREE saat COIS CRRCBTE ATT) TS cafe Sees CHRCTEN SHAT FEMS ARATE CRTC AIH | HAT wee HO COTE, Ty COTS, Teele: Poh racwees Saree |TS 28 15 ¢ (8) SAATTY A TAYE (Reproductive Cell or Gamete) : GIA seca SAT fSzeNs Seas aATICT cm efirary Deny Rreicne FLT CHTACS MAAS aT SATS a oars fey eared Sater | Semana untmeees: § fEQar: aes ge S (2) ROMO sora oor FEFE aca CorCe MSIE Bit Sar A TAI Lg CH) Sica at arecehtee Care at wTfACAM (Prokaryotic Cell) + CU CIEE CoICAT wreaSicathS SRB, axe wreaticatts (membrane-bound) SAIC#TAT WATE (organelles) MCF AT St BAT S cafcare acerca =a RC cio wo Tn Tare BAPE DNA eI aI BCPTOTOCR TERIA SRT Ma) STRAT WSs TARAS FeIeX DNA Tee Ae PwTT (Nucleoid) | Tee TRAIAN 70S | SHfeTaTs fe-Sre TT START IAA efferare Perens ex) enfcere Tat ae Sewer ace GT (Prokaryotes)) Baret-wcersteat, ABM (Escherichia coll) SIMTATOTARGART (BGA = Blue Green Algac) | Wat aIcera 7a SE sifacaTs | [fe Pro ~ before, age Aaryon = nut, nucleus Ss FEI FROST STO Sey] SUPTATR SATS PTT HCH | where CRT CATR PRFETS fF WOT | SOS CHO ATTRA WD | are: BferTaTy 9 ena CDI TE | ‘Sorert : contra cormra, corer, ae colar, Romer, Bir e enficercen fear: wereRS : ay CAPO corona Fire Ra coca ANEIC oN AE cor BAT ER Fide ROE REA cram corr Free Meret ICS four HIT cw Face ea, atcarerce Rewer Fic ICE MA SECS era | Gre ee R CHP Tet FS AI) aS ot PES wa afters Br aA xa! Spars Stet Sane rears cater cw ae | (8) apeceine at cae CHR A FECA (Eukaryotic Cell) 1 & IN SAAS AER ACE ST RUT APSA) Agere PS UP SAAS wT oY (CATA. TACT, HUMID, sea, TRCATATA ereAS) ATC | BR AAA erePS HARM (FACIE aE) at aca TRU AB irerTEN, MEST aR eae COREA Fa ABBA aC | StFOCeTTET GRIT ART GF A), BE erATAHE ee DNA 9 Sor-cona marcy aS | cera ARCATA 80S, DNA 3arets GR ceES GTEC SARS: CORE FeeTeR aR NICER atpfer | Eukaryotic “AD Are “A CH GA RATE, UA BE GF vy — good: A karvon ~ nucleus Be WHS AVPITS wre) ae Coreensafae epee age Cisacore | Cte, EATs, STMTEROA, CGfarerMaaA, fear eae SoMfremnts Tonks Hq VSMe atgerae fica HS cee eR MIScOTY aPOTATE | at se Be et gece FT (Cukaryotes), AFOATA HTS A AT) Cet, wiser! @ MAERCTET refers fF act | WETS LAT HFA TR TSA CT WH Bongiomorpha pubescens ARS MRS LAPT TH BHT 2200 Fira aR cde Fen cece wa EE RATE AE AMAT eae CAT seMTARG Tat ae TN wT wer\ v Grafeeara-etem oat , he att a Gr 6 AES oICRE WT NET aaa Ta aR [31 Cera Re a ho aE corer Sra FR, FiviFegeN 6 | oan fA aa aRrdBS SET Ree aCe AT) DNA Sees | GOTO, ReiFerTET « MUR ‘FAV ERSCAE TH | SAGA RAL 1DNA 21 DNA @aie, St, ame Ga | 2) DNA Mien, cates, Teco GRR caba ere a, TR ace | coder area freon eS GAECATETT ARTA GTATCATS SAT! TE AT Fare So Owe teeny fo wel ate ara omg are lo: Sa Ge sr caR AT) OY MALTON ACA | Vache e sey mg etc 8) ARCATA | 8 ARCATA 70 S(SOS+30S) | 81 HBCAIATY 80 S (60S + 40S) FRITS se] @ aces eee @ | HRBIRMDT ACF | URNA AraC USF SO | v_ y | fea aera | 9 | SUT 9 | SOMA RICH | 9 | SOM ACF AT 1 feta 9a | RGAH GR 1 Ra STR | DIGR RS | 8 ARI aera) | SRCSIRA @ AICPA eferaTT 30 OR 30 | SRS AFR P| 30 | FATS AA HCO 33 Er SR) tape Ame ITM er [SD GPa ae ce Peace Oe eT a are : Pree, Preticnace saree AB eT eI aca Pica | Pred eats care ere career aT onperenttr eee Precast 1 gE Hera CeORigS wee wre fERY sem ore HT FAD Pres Geld ype Ee CehT ween Fea | ee OR Ice FAVA Cafe, MALAI, SHUTAT TAN, DNA, Carefeerers Bester ‘faucet ef eer ATS BA | (0) Oca Sacnce iw ABM ATS Ber ¢ alec dH Ie AIG ALAS CT ATATAT feog andes arucy | erat CfeaTSTE 6 anfecaTs HIT BETA ZePCBTS CATS | (%) BRACaTE : OTR TRA MS, RLATE FAD core ATTA AICS | ATS CTR CHT AY CATH MRE RTE GICATAIED ees | afaTS coTeRa TOA AMT coeTeTA, FEMORIS | FARES AAT CTSA (starch) | AAAS CATA AACS AT (8) eneare : aera IE GATE IBA ers AT aR ATT or SANE, eects She -EuTghoa, SATA OAS | BK CRISTN AIC | HTS eTAT BF 6 MTRCAICE | GOq OF (Stem Cells) : AHA ATT SH, GOS ara aTAOTS cava SoRevara ferfew zo OTe KG cea Fares cree or ATER TOR a | A ore ceee fq Sq ore BO, TAP, FH, ST, Prove Tori Sm UO BH) TROND 6 Seas aTeAS CHIOTATTSH So *NOTS ATH GGT BE GOT GPT! ast Ot AT PT cea FT ay 2 SI ATAGTAT CATSR HB KLAN (all the tissues of the adult stem from the early embryo cell). HR WS act aT RaPABS Brace sea B cere PACH ATA TATA | () We, SRA Sse CS AAS HATA VO CATER CHITA BANAT AT HASNT CoE PRAT AS ACA | Gi) GOR coraeren arate *nerafSw (differentiated) 7H | eat Fahey ace angerafes aca fafoR eer om, fp tela sare arcsOR 6 8 15% 4 * OR Eris Gm cr Aga fPy oles GAT Teal Fal ALG ACT * OD, faut emis om ofa aca cre MONIT al CCS AICS | * SITS WA ews SAT eRe Cela ara few Aa) a SAT A, AIT SA AS ATCA FAA BA AT rae, fet, Pre auf ocr fog Gon ort are, aa wor acHa Face 6 cores ape ‘fe @ UTAAT AUCH | WEE GAA, FRO, AT aris SoHE GON Gr Ya SNR ACHAT FATS AC | care fairs RBH aE afteoreat Aer Core fe COTE GHA AAT AT | CHa GHATS GAT FafSR ACTA APH AE TTT Fa BT | FMETS GE aR GIT Breten afd oT a see Teas Fat MS LAT um (AREAS) AT CTE) ee nm (ATTBIA) | ie core aa GAT TaaS fey MAT S GORE RRS CA BEAT | ae WOT a aaa >| RIT lem = 0.4 inch Rile CbIce CART ATH (aH Sa) aA CATE | [2 Reto Imm |=O0.lem IR ICT TA, WEA SH MEH ARNIS OFT UT aT Re | oi mtcetioe | lam/ip | =000lmm | Sere Sales aa om TN Com Gr om am @ aa Barre | 8 1 UCTS nm = 0.001 pm | Beer sie elor ACH OTA ATT at aT Soe | ¢ 1) RaT 1A = 0.1 nm. Serres seares Tee awed afer A A GAR ERE Bereeme | COC SET : HSS TAT AATHE SHON HZ) Oftoret CHAR Mga ehas | AACHTH CIT CeTe WT Mycoplasma gallisepticum (RA OF Ai 0.1 pm) At 8A A PPLO (Pleuro Pneum: Like Organism) a 3G GO Rey BBM FO (17 cm x 12.5 em) | RAT MCT ay BlS CT Acetabulariaa AH OA WA UAE 5-10 om | TECH CHA WAT AFH (Boehmeria nivea) AME MRA SB COTM, TA CAST SAT 55 om | AARCACRA BACHTR PAT OTA RCT HBA FAVA UT str 1.37 FAT AT ae reir OSA Cm cece oma TaPET HE Fay) cHcRR Get HTT CHICA STATA AT 10 jum (atRcamifibTA) ae GE I ng (ATARI) | AIARCATR ELTON CTH RAT SPL | erat anf CRBMCSIAT ATT ya Bow CHIR EE aa A, Fa SlCeTAS ASE TSN TT | GHATS GoD aRTaTA Charms Fafa ys coreg foqwA CaMBTASS eA | SCG VAT IAAD APB COR, CITE A A BOTTA @ "HATH ANS ARTS ance | Adare afaaed OE Ga coma Ae STATA 6 FUTCAA Vof/S ca cr eH, UTS set aT OTF Beacars | cls ere Biorrars etarrs FNRI wm e Br Fer AS 1 31 OT TBI, 21 SRA, © | RDrIIET (acw ACs AST, WAciefeT, csiaTEhle calbgrrT, ait, ART AS, ACTIN, Fare GTEC, gRafErET, TRAE Forth RATT axe rors), 81 AUB (aw sce FCA Gace, FABiPSaTET, FEARS © CHTATATR) AR eI ara Pate a (RC eT, FS otaT ee Rh AHI) | GAB TA RorCoTERR TEPHRLT we THT VoryhAw AAA MGT CHACAT ATS PACA |foam 5. : Berea washes Tay AE ca ert Bfercarce fauna abe @ Bee fea 1fog: Bigw GR (Brrade sqahed ACH HATA) Bases CAA) .dM) i G3 [ gaedoonn ff y) Wl a Rr J Ac iba: rae oa fete BetGAR 6 a 15 . 9.9 GRE AIBA (Cell Wall) AOR CREATAS aE BCTHIPS MH 6 GY TAA FEN SIGS ACH | A HY @ MH ATA CH HTT er | Te etbta CHRACHICRA SATO CAMBS | Bis erT ReTAT ae COTATI AISI BI COTE atBICat SARA | SECO RR RATTHS CTY aA ICR caTAfaeA Tara GY ebleas GARTA | eMPACHTCN CTT gibt ce AT COS SA (Physical structure) : soit feahrw core enlace eI {Sais Sy Wa (layers) FOS HT UN Ge See BAT WT WIM (middle lamella) | WRGTF CTR FST GTICFE (telophase) IC DAT ACH | ATRCHTATET COL STAT BMAD (phragmoplast) Le AAT AS cae APT CreSA TET ae (vesicles or droplets) Frosted TIA BB Ma TMT MBS STE caf MHA ACT AT ares Face Cae ACO ACH | CTA atibicaa I wale Ble ATONE cor TOTS Tera om eaca SAE HA ls ATM TMM | a LTT TT APTA ID CPTI HTS eA ACA ATA | AD FRETS RCH CAT AE care foal 3.0 (#) : Go BiH Core @ Oa BY ABE | fom 3.0 (9) : Core enBIC OA | ayers Rr aT) FST AAS RAT MTeAAS eB (primary wall) | WIAA yc CRAM (cellulose), GEUGELATE (hemicellulose) 4 Hc (glycoprotein) VO SA Seu Le AST BA (9-9 um a) eT ABR a ico fir se gr coe GEN ca (re ifs, tan Bor) BOOT TH TMA CERT wie “HCH | walt SHRCER pe (2° yo in) ae ere ogre it web ceva wall) 1 Soin OH | CHS CTY GR Blew WATT SAAT OTC (ee ers Ren owen awe tftcrr coorey ee UnraftefBe exioy geal) fe we ra) eT, Ho BOR Ie TMRTS oe areas ain Ae) AAT PTR SSAC SAA | SATA (Pit fields) HHMIA A MC Ae eTBta AE AT Rema Bact IHF ARTS TSA APE AT OR RET BT) AT VA HSA AAC MHA (thin) GATT | AS ameronher orcad re AAT wera Beir yee SalyS eae BA aoa MACH CHAT ATM AIT | aeoricee THE CE a I rere aT enon SAAS ID Ee MH coma (pit pair) Cer AAD eter cece tile @le-yy (APA)-230 Glare a OT PR FRE ACA APTS ARCS ATES FRC BPS Ve | MCs ATACAICTATT (Gea : ARTIC) IT | ran COTCRA ACT ART HITT @ MAT A, MN, BACH ae SPCTORBIA TE | WAT TST (Chemical structure) : THAT SKS aearest ance crabs BPS |g BIT SESAT SMB ABCD ee SITICABTT CHBCOD Fat AI. UTS CHAR FT BA g BITS Ga ARCA aCe carina eae esc eice ae | ROR TET xylans, arabans, galactans 2a fafeq datas “PPHeAET wee | secereniorr sedeaeyd, cenfo GR SATAY MANE ACF | Xyloglucan ANS UTE MIB TTA TARE (cross-link) FRO BT SH | TAS HSA abies MMHAAT (Lignin) A | TAT TAT MBCA BCAA (suberin), SAH TE ees | RHR ails TAA aR Tiebieas ails ite-caiba ae frm side) Cai OM Bs meray 6 aerate fren ao) Gece Cra Urbort care enbter Fe BTS ace | waftricad care enbla aecareniba S a @ AePHIeMeS Fer ABS | aTMTATw car eB 90% CREATE, 20% CRATE, 30% CBB @ 10% sree FATA | Dl (Ultra-structure) : GEHTS eteitss efery CAAT RT GRANT | RLS RT ae PITRE UT v-FAMTAAE B-D AOI GPRAT SY FCT TSW 1 > RTA COTS w AIGA ELAR wey eat aS CRETE ORF Se ex | BHI pool CRECRIe ORH PEI ae ATTRA AAP (micelle) WIA > SeaTac care etic AOA MIE aw HT RH a Sof MR Hct cee mTRCaRTRTAT SS (microfibril) st Fa ae 2eofh MRCeTeaRe FaferowIs IE AUTEUR (macrofibril) WA Ft | ASO WIR HOSTS MAE WE (BAIA) dA CA COR QUOTA BIS: (i) ITN AME CTGAS VIA AT; (ii) TRAE GTETS Be cowrea HE TUS THT SA (ii) ATA AS @ POT eT a; (iv) eM @ AE ATA CTR 8 IRCA ALAS A; (v) 3 CORE TT CHE ROO ARH FA; fa) CTR Items Gor cere (fay eel) Fheca emcaTETANT SW CHINA CSSA A fr er ey 3S Bs SHAT ATTRAC ATTCACCAAIGT BTS PCA | GACETETFT (Protoplast) CATE OTs at HCAS FAT AM GRICe CATCNANG aca AAAS | Vinca, Sacbha @ BAIT BY CATs etbtcaa OR ca TNA SER | cab as y'eTey Free | war we cercbrerea 6 fHEta sw aT ‘weercbrgrerain Soinars | CH Hs eT CAAT RT | Carthy Faore Gare BR aq FOIE ay CoCes TRC aae CATER GAT ST | Moma COTY ATS aU wer a fate ewer BPS aE, He Ros, AAO. at HAMA ae feos GaN saCw ona) FETE OATS ere FEAT SIT wl Fat AAT | VI rife THI, fay AT @ Zw tare | AICTE (Protoplasm) : CR SHCA TEE, SAT AR CAMA AM wae, TEM mates cencbranert TH | swoe KBr wah corsfax Gate Perafer (Felix Dujardin) CCRT WT Cae ACS AHATS AMTMCH AACA (sarcode) AIT SSIS Beat | CAICTATETA *iHID bBo Purkinje) Aes DAWA FAT | (Gk. prove = Wi + plasma — RA Tee suey BW) 1 feat Rar (Huxley) WS cerebrarent aay SCA OTS FAS | Tat cencirgeNe cerca wer CATA aT Gliers wae Sa Se oe a Sse Gab gence Serra cote PS Res hee sat eT Cw 90% — ao% Mf NCH | 4 ceeae carat AA eH fea GA AIT Gham | once BRT we mee we aT FM, IK TAGS aeraPTE nfs SHew aT PIA BA AT outa GHICe CAlCDIgTEN Lier Core TAT ACS ACA | RIGT, Cheer CHER Towa TECATAICNA GAT enfea CATE | ACHR COTS 7aAHBT (Physical properties) + (i) cAeBraTEN SewR, af, cath are wéeAe srdcen tard 1 ii) AB rats @ eerUTeE | (ji) BET TRE RCH ST CHE ca GATT aR GT AFROAE 9 a 15% ” cate CofC afaSS Row aA | (iv) cAeBraTETCA TEATS eG nfs TT APT | (v) BAM, STATE e SLSR FST ca TATTT GAIT ACH | caiebrerercas APTS UaPABT (Chemical properties) : TARAS cera Meee SES ora IER 1 aw wafers ofa ATER on | Vere CMA ACHE MACHT CaP OER FAS MACACA, cae SIT TAURED, FPS o FSH | weIgTE BITE SARC, ACEO, TRE, BH, soe, fers, citer, ARR, MAT, STEM, ATE, STE Sor | carebrarerca (afte %af*8 (Biological properties) : carcbraren fafSq warta Breean AIST CAA ‘wrny Cafe, aay Sera, PM, Ta, Ser TAT srferi cencbrenerT Sea eC conrtrerare tafe CARR Sica VBS) WHET eae ceetianeN IFT see. © BI FACT ot arrae yey aC | GACOTETECAA DHT (Movement of protoplasm) : cArCTaIeA seray FU ecw at) comcdrarecwa 4 Cee Oa ea = LN GR oritage cenbrgrerr Scenes eMC As eee AT MRP (cyclosis) TA! ‘Sree SIT YAS RCT ACS | O grt ast pf... (a! << in aCe TALS OTF OF ATT SITET (rotation) AH 1 GOA net Sif CeTeE CeBIT BTA | (ii) SIASA : Ol OA CANDIES SCOTT TALS oY Wa afrafoEMA ffx fire YACS ec wey ee, (circulation) WI | GIN Tradescantia-4 CORK COMBTATETAA DT | GRATE INTC eta TTR: (i) ATOMIC a CTR, Cy RENT oR i OT Fate xeon cexcbrerencat era Se) 3.2 MACACA St CHALE (Plasmamembrane or Cell membrane) Gre anbicas Fe face aE ceorcbrarece fica welt Ele fale ace | 9 Peace seraTCNEER at carey <= TREATS pete aTM, Rye, eens, Aewt-cnits wat se Ee Ret AA er SES ecw, IC TUT] aT OMTAA ee CH ATEN, ROTATT A AICS SHORT Sal I | Se ATCA @ WET (Carl Nageli & Cramer, 1855) "eter ae Fatercer serene ATA Seat | eA ASME SLATS MCA ATMA (biomembrane) TCS BTA | J. Q. Plower (1931) semicemt “fo aaa aan | fale arr Ere Sates ere aca) afer Stace econ (eae TRaMfSTe) a1 corset whie AE weMsS er aa Prapnets LPRCHTCR SOE SICH CHAT | CIS IF (Physical Structure) : GAVEM CSS 154 BIT ATW HICH Danielli-& Davson (1935) FER ae EAD SET Sos aPC SP sont Sandwitch) Wet act Aafbw | Sera aw FafEte GR af UE ceufSs (monomolecular) LR FAS (bimolecular) Sa-wa BITE | FeeafaMs fats ‘ef 6 FCb catfbr wa eae START PS Ba STARS |dg Shafer a GRAIG ASAT AI CHAP 15H FATH Benson’s model (1966), Lenard & Singer’s model (1966), Robertson 4 Unit membrane hypothesis (1959), Singer & Nicolson (1972) <4 Fluid-mosaic model Geitw acer Safes Bcc | YOu: 17-18 BAT TSA (Unit membrane) : FRAT TAI sees BPH geETAET BEAT GEA TOIT HE FCAT | Gla WS Fe ATTA RUST BATA dH AHR olorra edhe VACHE TRA fest sf Ue RICA HCA canbe canes ANCE 1 UCT ENA GNIS cena SRAM STR MS SAAT SAAT ROAD CONE FAT FAV-AMCAF ALA (Fluid -mosaic model) fafoa WCET TCT HALO IRA TOUT A PAG-CMHTSs AGA (SJ. Singer and G.L. Nicolson- 1972) | ARNIS GA AST REE TAIT SPC S92 RASCH oy, Ce, Pras cee FS. oe. FP Ge aefSo NOURCe RS caTMMeE WET TT) a WE SETA Coa leah ae ea wacamtae frat de (1a 9.v) | Bon waa VcgIes Crate array (geayA) ace cae nfm (bydrophillic) Gr Set farthe face ence) fafa canta ager ero Bast: ORI PAP RCTATT ACE | SAE ae SATTT Baas HCAS ARITA aC FAIA FAO ABTS ANCA | Fibs seis sexe cto came Fe, net @ Peer PACH SPTHTA fRERAAT(tocberg) $8 CY PMT SACRA | APHIS PT 4 NCGS STAAME AOSAG FAT A | Hh26Y BRS corer ACS SET Coafata bee one Ree es (PT (=e MS aera : oT Ae Ga cee ICHAT By fitA Cele afO PIcRCE ae oy PAAR ates ae Hrs ace BE ARCA SIE SOT CTR aT OR ae Gat caters HCE Ute FAS ACF | HCH AEs UNS STAT CCTs Tia GPT AMF | GHTETA 80% FPS aaR YO% CONTA tice | waCMTe IE TRETTA AAT amphipathic We as as SO sn (aA) aay ger Get ous Few (#7) 1 Ba 9. PRG cee wos OTE coe |TH @ a 1 we (2) coe canta: corafatics for ears cenit «mre sar eee | Coa : (i) alba ceniba-aerer fafa Dew ae ne Ire ars | (ii) CARCEAIN «1 ae cabaer alga AAT BATE SE FSR (iii) MPT HPS cetPaoereT MPS CHA FHS Me RET Safe cepbae orgs canta | ——— CIR cette are NOOO Toole SESH MMT SAG AAT PT We MCS | Se BE VT aad eferaeo Rows ae FAT TOS MNT SY, SRM FRET AF-S SPT AT FATS AA 1 BSN aca ee PATRAS RCRA | AY PHT BTS BL AICS TA GABA 1 COT yt ce, ABP, ors cafSerde erent Ronis ern Rees fers are sc | Gam. Baya faorse | 81 Rene orca, oT, Sra @ Rerae Grid era wesw PAfSa Se, SEA, Bae Geri Sa 9 | areity Rois Ser ea | OT GRETA Balke ‘cA ABE GARB adenylate cyclase ATP CIE ATRAPA AMP FRONTS SUH | 8 | ABT ee THA CTR SRC FIC MOIS ACH ATTN EHR, TCR ATC CHTCN FGA HT TA | C1 Fos confhs MRM i Ia Hee RS aH fs GET ICs | (ot) aitcarenrs : ob faaa era watt fire wa fore | SACRMPS Bye ACR srs erBCET eres TE LG sRcaMMe 6 cantha aga area sieerRED ye TS acu gree side Sea | aTACaTAIDS aR sRcarePrers Firroers aoe FT ST SeARRCES AEMOTT AeA falem areca OE wa) (8) restart : of Fhe esta tard wre wd at COM aE, af SEAT | ORDA ae TET Bas On sre nf, wey we ae | MBPS age se Ire eT GRE Fea) faire ft SORIFS caf are | CT AIH (cell. surfaces)-4 COAFST (permeability) ower entoia IS TH OS ATT ART, AT GeTOT aeR ae BoA Bere SAT | FAV-GUERS WEA SATA ory taSaseTor NOT WT @ TCE SETA cab wae dy ‘Doreraaece fee (fixed) AT BN AT, TR ATA Fa aT eT CMAP COM ete | WT aE at crete Cola ea) centre orfis onan (hydrophilic-wey Fate AMAA ecw) cae SRE nfs’ (hydrophobic feces ace fw wR acata fics ats) Bw aca) a ACwM corefafeT PATECED wee canbe Bw Beg ay Hatha (protein derivatives) Baye ama ara | BoA ay COTA SO US TRA A FAS GR TAA AS COLA ara FarrS arafaterd MeAeeaEToA TYG Gos orgy Rcaat eat Sa arefse scare oret Fame corfafete ecaebt wae taeda are oat ea) PPE ay wx parca ore Fala ao wea BN MfRAGA Sea, MTT ATG (diffuse) BT LAR GF (long ae Facerrerca Hae Bea (rotate) It# | Qt# flip-flop movement CH | 6 GAHeel FRS-AUTVS WETS areata apatite Bria : (i) carefatere arce cenfba (vo- 0%). FANE (20-80%) Ke ICA GAIA CCH APPTTEATEE (polysaccharides) (8-@%) | (ii) Gata safe Bem Revs (structural), GASTRO (enzymes) TR TV CMT (carrier protein) PKA ATH | aeMA wae AfAThTS ainey SCS act (iii) corafaes ond oe cerra am_ae ore ffre) fie eas mea (phospholipids) Perce eee | BeoCTe to Te iCHeAS MATS Sar ARIE | HAHA Hat TAS Be BHR Ss STA ae Sey dale eto sighs (complex) | Stor waceehea we cafe38 Shafeera-rey a (lecithin) 441 Rfay wcMAPres aTetea ca Ie APART | (iv) GTEA CHC, CTH: RNA (Prarcert AIR) AICS MCA | canttram: Reading” (i) AB corti 34 sexe fara aCe | (ii) Tea SSA TAR AS THHSAS WLS TH Fea | Bus corefattrs westicn ea Earea, TT FANT @ HTT (control and coordinate) BH | (iv) PARSE Gab storm ere Bre wea AIC Facts GrETAT KOS FATE ATS AeA | * (v) OBS CAEP ARLA GAR ARCA ACH COSTS RH WANA A | (vi) fafa geAIY (macro-molecule) FREER FATS ACA | (yiiy fafeq tea Weep FES (information source) Pra SE Fea | (vii) PMR THR, GPa @ DAA Bory Scere a PRET GIR 1 (ix) TIO SrA Sag PAPTRCIR eifeourT war aw IVT BTA | (x) AST 6 SPV ce AT eH | (xi) ERA Rea CT Beata a, acara Bort act ely FRE ea | (xii) BRL Bata FRET FC | (xiii) Tecohrs corey Ste eer GIETOTN AB Sea a fe erty seat) (xiv) MRCaTETeTE CHITA APES (recognizer) ROT TT FF | cores fy aR (i) WRN (Microvilli) + ree fear cme HR etre cory Seteara GORY RUTH OR aferey Ce Set TReTe ame athe @ wferwterma FUT AfSCETR w 000 Me AE | RIRCaMTSHR aa HST ROT STC CTR SHUT GTO SPH FAT | (i) COACANAMT (Desmosome) : PAPA ITT CHAT BIT Beare ae woRY frenTTTS FORT See HRT UH | Ora I FSSA SHOT COATT | i) BITTNAS CHS (Phagocytic vessicle) + “a Mae aS ea CH HH A Siow BITCMATAS COP aR 9 ETC BTTMPTRCO ART ” Srefaear-ey 1) OR RTT ACSTCAT MIRAE aera coer GAN ATOTRE a | Cra BafES aps ‘ofa anf eae ace BASS GATTAT apart wT fest sles ory ace Shara wley ert Wat | ord SSIES COPY Olt SHFarAwr SARA CHT MIA S TANS CATS ACH | 1 | FICTPRTSES : WHT Stacia HAH areca TATA CH Foire UCT WIC ~aT Bory lg wretatt aay Steric GT eres AAT | 8) catfba seeset : Serre shes canto ae ea Qyt Bam fer are aes SI cei CofA epraere fEcacad Bre ca HAcorATETlT wens — ACTON | © 1 ROBE IBIS RCE: SufaCoIT BFE SoiCER ACT AACHEN RAAT BT | w 1 Pre Rene : HRcbrareTH Balke waceaiwe e wore FAS FRET FA | en cetcBesrern e reco TENET ACT eT VAG cere Teer RRC TET 3) IR ET FOG SOS TT ATTA |S) MEIN Ae GS aR CONS face carrbrarer Stace cote fefe | fac aABS corebTTETCN Se RCA ARCO TST | 2) cabreren cores, Free « MBE] 2) ARTE yB eey few, we areca for eres facofre 1 SAL MPR | fF cameo TTCAe as TOM | 0) Gitte SOS, oa aemiea ae elo AAdigem MESUMeN, Oe OMe Mes SC SRS | TRS AT 81 AACad Siete FaCsIce Te aC 8) Sere WaIGa STAs PRCA SG FC | Rcorettere Faery STP TTS reas Toga Cafe PETS o RAAA cme EE Geter fefSa cera “TAagaTT SRT HT aca Wrems MPRA AT mg ar HTT re LT | ATR aT cam Fog waPQyd wand fase ser Fics ARC IgTETHE Sa Sey SEGA feat Gorges Sat BAT = 3 LATRCAICATA (Ribosome) ere TS say fee Sea SECT eter TH safES a HATHA san confi PRESNT UCS SE aT | ARCATA TORS FA RR ATT ConeTRTH | ATTATS SPAS accra cfogeTONA Sex free eat ye ais aaa SASTRETS WAS MCS) CITA canis FMRC Is Cah OT Gee re AP RTS TRAN Us| ATT TS TERS RN Arr ARCATA ACF | 70 S ARCATA wf areas sei Segway Fe Cats | WCRI CaTCT TRA AE \ SHE AM 2% | GHAR © AFOSR Bo Ka OTE cars Bolg cara aac acerca oN are) AE Re RE + MIA HE (Albert Claude, 1899-1983) ATNS ape FAA oew AIC UPS CHICA MACHTATETICS CHAU We RNA HPS Yoo—ooo A (Yo-200 nm) IR RHA LH LAA Me AT CH PRCT | a CaTRTFARTIN CH fReaIe we AICTE (George Palade) dee ALA HAA ST TAL AAACN SHAE Gs AMSAT eer | HATES Aa SIAHAs fea SRC AF SRA FOCI CRT AE Gel Rar SeeaTEnsy fafa aa Geta LAT$ AG a 5 4 RASS SH | CE SS TT MAIO | Gea, wEcdelew ae MO HPesey ara ire-cxnihy FM (Ribonucleo-protein particle-RNP) A# "SUIS aA SATS LUTE ARTA ASSET SARS TAP] AA AT ACAI! mRNA-A GAA HATHA ATT SPRATT aor ea AMARC aT MoT | ARCCaTERA MaRraTa aTRCATOTNC ATRCHTATRCATOTA GR WATTS TAHA AACA MACHA TTT | SBROET : BIST 6 CHSC FI (CoRR) PROTA ARCATA FATS 70 S IR 80 S~9E AE © gaa | 70: S ARCATA (SATS GE 2.7 x 10° GBA) ATs SUCH Gis | GA 80 S ARCATA (Breas SET 40 x 10° VBA) AUCH AePOcee ies | 70 S ARCATA, 50S Ae 30 S GE Be WIA-BACT faww, AUC | 80 § ARCATA, 60S Ie 40 § AF GR HIS-VEMC fase alc | ceifba ARCeTCIA FA ATTHTCH 50 S$ G30 S AA REM SHAS A 70S AS TTA SLA AR IPS CHA 60 SG 40 S A-BAT aehaS AH 80 S Ges OF WA) a BY 77 S ARAICMAA Toye RAS SME AA SAT CIR) Bare Mee ‘MiRCbre REIT 55 S ARCATCAN MICH SCT STAT A | (cerca ace CHBESE gate STN SA EEC TA TT | Grae ber sar sie fo Sa MER EEC HATTA TTATH § FACT CATRITAT BH | S = Svedberg unit = COMA KF Ca Oe acre Fe fara ER STH AOE CRITE NCH COMM ETON ARTE aT ‘Theodor Svedberg 4 ACR SH SPT S ACH GT CATATCAT CI ICS 1] IGS 6 HS HST: Gat GTS Torque wed TAM CAC ARTA BTTT | AT DEwT 22 nm LAR BBS 20 nm AAA AHS AE eer caba @ rRNA facH CwAt | aTRCAIOMAA A BTA ARIS I AMARA (Polyribosome) a AFA (Polysome) A185 FA | ‘ apne oy: aaa ary Cay HR cenfy @ RNA | MCHA BAAS Ad 891 70 87 ARCAICHICA STACK 23 S, 16S 65'S Wiera wf rRNA SY aR eR eC cenfoy Sy | SMrAATe 80 S ARCAICACN ACHE 28 S, 18 S, 5.88 65S AAS SB RNA BY AR vo LSTA cena TY EKG ACS 249 HACIA RNAase GARTEN GR GH MATE MOT STIR, GAAA-Mg"’, Ca" @ Mn’ Rota ae | [ST corer atric aos TF GF, oR Ghatiar T HeaMAR SIacee ay srecbleNe | conta aecare ae Tra Trem earecbfce eae ara Fw ATMACACR cafe ROME COTTA IIMTS AE ATA AT Beas . SST DNA (Sih GRIER) CaS Cerig =A fea apwraica ARENDT FISTS AC HPMCRe wepeTA Tefe BI cae oa MRCBIATETTA OA BIOL | AM LAMDTRE TOF eH aaua BT ME ATS BEAT FAS ACs | mArr- 66 <0 pu— Wie MACRO SR : TACTICS ATA TET ECT cettiBal Rt (COA) Fat | STR MACACA CHITRA cot WEN RR Ter a | Cate RTARTA GTS MRNA MATIC 30 S Hee SeLaTERA 40 S MABEL AICS ARRIBA BCA | IAAT GA CICA 30 S It FUCA 50 § FAC 70S MR HSH SEA MA AFH CHIH 40 S Aa AIC 60 S HA AUIAT MIO IAT RCH 80 S PS sid aC ee ConA TRCTET SH RT | ay APRCGICTA Beet ea Wat HAN PH Bera AAU HLA | AICS ATR ae GR TSH eTCM FeetTe ara FeafGO Wi mRNA _@ vi _S @ Aga tect eG “rare cca Te fe OC FET A ‘Gia-9a (BA)-0 Versif>ao Giaeearr-eem oa geaigetie ate, rf fe, aRonen, remorT aT cored alta aed cata Yea Bers ST | TS-AAATC UA Cele LA ARH IAIE, WRC eEM 6 Hea eed cepa | 21 AT AB (Golgi body) Aviram sree sage oe fewaleie fate wat sree cad are, cere, Cater at erTeafrA Aare Hecbraretee Sega aT apy AB (ses ae a aT cH) | se aE oT, CHeTST TART AOS AA | aT ATMS ACSC eee aah VN SYR wa) BA ARBylew TACT se Camillo Golgi, 1843-1926) Svdb HIF Ae Ast 6 AGIA AALSTR alo ORES A cae Sra AARP eae ae omie AE | TWINS cea face MANTA Gal SITLL AABICS Dow IL ZL, BBA 6 CVT (Dalton & Felix) S8e8 FIT Ahi aye Berea sor OE TEST OT HS cerrehe aTN ce cee ae AR eT aCe (dictaosome), @FSEHTH (Idiosome) AT *TECASE (Iypochondria) AMS SISRT Fx =| aR Fe at crt «at far) i ere unfbentty, fetiia-cr, fete ser TET (ATPase, rte. ADPase, SPrenser ori) ees 1 SAAT BAAS re ce | ef afece ‘coreNa HIRES afr (Traffic Police of Baier cof Coll)-6 SA 2) Bae TAY fe CoTEHA CHAT ST CTA S@= fafeaa FPG 8: PT AE STRAT wo SI CAPA aa Bo SMT PACMEAPAS ace | oR ew wT SHE, SRK ¢ SraivacwE ere | fale Mami nee wel cea aReTeT at aw | OMENS SAARC VT — ADPase, ATPase, CTPase, TTPase, NADH FIRB G YCOE-L APTS | Beri : raaw ps acergTe fie cafogHTE Bre Bers a | < SSaeraneH : for ero: Tat-() SOB a OTe a, (2) coraR ee sez, (0) UTE aT ay TRA ‘2fét MF (Function of Golgi Apparatus) = (fy Tam ¢ febiie teh sar | (ii) Senos omaieda (Grr Fafere) Ferra BAT. (iii) FR —— @ arerany fasta sat (iv) core fester orca tefa sar, (v) caniba, ceireae, secre te sar, (iy core of CoA FAT, (vii) CETTE abe ewSPS Hath fafsies Far, (viii) SlSH oer Ferret o oaat SeMET Fal | OR Vimar A afbcw SA TRET RA TST (ix) WRT ATP Beoraer Oye FA, (x) GABA © ViL-C HER sa, (xi) COTE MBI sea Sey Acme a A aT, (xii) CET SHICICSTH COTS FAST Fa Ae (xiii) MAG FREE @ ceniba wars AICN SSS AT | © | ARGHENT (Lysosome) ARs SARS I HY TREN arenes res fond Se VTA Ses AAAI ATT (Gk. Lyso ~ ROAM IR soma = WB) 1 TARAS Alay VATS Gress AS cere FA wa arte we wath aeCTOTT tels srt see ATA faePoMIN HT yt (Christain de Duve, 1917-2013) 4 ICTS CAE ANS SAN; S~C~“‘S*~*~*S*<‘<‘<=~*~™S Beas : aceigatre clveatt ace arma Tene wae He aS BES MCHISS | farphS : enftiencar ope aerator corr wiftres mexiTE AROMAT Cra UE | eT we ences, Aor oa Te GR, Sas wa ce ARCO BITE) RBC-CO PRTC ace AT) FPafe Cibucenme AROMAT ATR (spherosome) RMR HRS GEA (oleosome)-6 4 BH) Mal Bett cad) Tor ond falgeg Fa AHA eH FIT Oleosome-fF ‘fay areata aca Gre TH | CHS ASF: TRA HITATS FSSA (MBIA), MCHA APH HAS 0.2-0.6 um | FS AURA ARTA SIPS TY VW ACH | SAS RCC MT cemafalee tea ATA STAR ACS | a HPS HH Gat YF ATF | SOs Be ARTCC PURCS BS AIA Set a BOT TROT Clee ane ee AT SPS Na AT SCRE AT RE PRCT stabilizer, CH ATMA, VOCE | wow ay aTRCTCOTC FH ROS HAY OA A HM A STANT CAA RH AH SCIAP STE | CHAS VM BU /abilizer. RHODE, COBIFGTA | ae SRI STeaT Fats Fercot-cenfoa faite | fate wat ore MOS SH Bo-Co SSCAe_ererea_ere) Creasy areTeREte_RLAT_DNAase,_ RNAase. Soe ATSCTS, PUAE, Sree, ARTES, PTA Tare | ae RIT AME ae Marrs eoTETECT AAT | ca ererens ARICTAN areraoTR SET afera shes om: AecbreTecTA BET pHa aby eee a STE cares CoMR CoAT HAS eT AT | ions Hae TACIT cares CAIDA (H') AR Ae afacet Co aca Ga Se TA MMA BTS BAT-(i) fost WTCAMPTACHIPPT (Phagocytosis) WAETS RP “eq -20-11 <8 Bin 9. : STRCTCATENT OF 120 Saferary-eey a Pi OT A (it) Ferra cTRNTRT STG ACR CACY A CATT SUTAT SEM FH UH | (ll) SYerecnrone waco ones ree arene aca 1 (ivy Seg ATSIC oT we Bl CRE UT EE TTRGS s ATT IT AA HR SAT ST eTT FAB MI AA 4 SETS ACT AMM AT ACOA (autophagy) | QO Korea FE Tae ATH AT AIS ACA ACH SAT VT WGA (autolysis) | (v) Mat Shacavet S SRT CPR ACTER THOT MA ITA ATA CHA TARTS MMS A CRATE (Suicidal bag or squad) 1 @l 1 (vi) Core fastereret oat Ao BHT area worxcw WAT Sea | (vii) AT CHIC rate AES Wea | (viii) STA HR FCS Tal (ix) Hy HERS TPS MEETS erETeT ae Q) 8SRF AoA fee wate oats feage orem oenfeora fare eT) STRCAICHTNA Sram HE Sea GIN SmTATAMAENS ©, BeafHcaTfs ee 2oyw ANAT ATCT ABET ATH | soft farm Tecate Score A Fae Bet AICS | ARCATA @ ARCMIN Tey eT near FR Ei Sicane AOTC 1 Saat CTT STRAT fre AB GTS Ha | ora rca ae Sige Ace | 21S cat fefSq core SA TCT aT aI | ces REN AE aT AOS mRorarcE FefRRRETEA eT | FUBTCAT SC | 81 aR RNA @ Farrer cantba face aide ace [ace FefeH Macs GreRH FATA eC | 8) NOT ate AG STAT Ace FASS ATS | ae TASS AICS | cae aba RCE OTe girs aca aD Ee secs FATE FF) 8 | MwtgtEtie AEST (Endoplasmic reticulum) UNS RTS OTR ARCATA CH ere FAA GT URI GR aceraretie clog at Swear ene | after : Feat Ce GE, CNOA (Keith R. Porter) Se Se AA MTPRT He BMT (A. Claude & Fullam) 998¢ Fite aaee SAM caicds AR TOR cece fh afters SCH ee seer ANAS Fal BU YHOO A | Beef : Hrecireren fate, HES fags oer coralae aw Berg aT RYT : afore Weenies ores 4 GATE MMT UT | Ora CAP acs APS, SATA @ Gare aes Pian) SE: cceratee aN Ysera — TT ae wR | CAPPING STRATA TIT wT SPL 1 FTAs (cena emer Ferg)’ Aa, ARAN A MET OT AT Sp SATATATA (PAS @ ZATATA ROT) BT | Se ey: acerrette casa fea stash aa wIZS ace) aATOSKA ecoTgTAtTE fem era; wet (=) PRET (Cisternae) : Al HATS SCAB OIPST, Meas ere COTATITS TST ae FRC TST FIM TUTE FATT eH) ec GP Bo-co FATT (my) | OTA AAT CAE TAT ARCATA YS ACS | (2) CORE (Vesicles) : OCT TETAF GHIA AST | Veoco HTT THATS | _—-(4) BERT (Tubules) : oeacen AeA TST, MTS aT ST | EAA BP eo-yveo TBST | AOA STC ATATRTS SCAT IS NCH AT | oe2 @ (8) foefeea fom 3.20: acergretite cattery (=) farms soe, (x) srs FAB, (51) a COP ae (a) TE PERE | IPRS SF: creates caverta eer ai Cara et ceatfBy (Yo—a0 Set) @ MPS 90-80 SM) | MS AI ¢ HAC GATT ASM A; TIAA G-PACKCTS, AEP ATPase, NADH CrCaTAe Toph | GP SIS RNA GR TRCN ANE RUT FT eT! or) ET ai gerors apa pu faften Seco MRA (microsome) 4 | area caterer Se : (i) AS cembrenecaa sore OTe Se ea ii) TH APTN cotta aes SI Gi) TH albercy (Rowe ant core) PRC, Terre foe eA, sere, fea, Chace apis seafiw aT (iv) a fre 6 cenfirra Esa RecA BE BTA (v) SCATHA WS CS OR SA SAT CRETE MSE Sra) (vi) ARCATA, Tefen se Rows se ea | (vii) Ga TTR SETTTATA FafSH fare omnes Fen sea (viii) TRCATONTN Verig caida ofFeara aft geo SAT AIR KoTATO RS cage 6 sm af TCT TET ondcara fea MOCTSTERRS cae TT : at a 1 ea FSH AFH AUC | HAH AFSC AUTH A, SHACHTCN GH UF | RIGS carafe cere PRCfimara CRITE 6 fayE 1 | ATMA FBERUCA sree STEN Fea | | 0 1 PTET area Rey yA ae BAI_-AR eT | | Tae Fal wy AT 81 wmet ae TRB TENE Here HB ace aS || TREE ceTAT wHereT AA BCA AT C1 ae FOIA OH @ WOT FB FA | ARTS FROST @ AAT ST FCA | RE corsets calbpy s WY acetates cabs WT NET anecara FT Wa areTaTee GST (RER) WP acerarette Goes (SER) >See Gta fete a amy arr (GER. SIR | ene fees eA aT cares (GTR. cocarS, 2 Gon, River care Bort) say ea | wat | STITH alfee aT, CuRICTA TG COTE of eral exert CRI one oRAT ae) | Reh) SAYA AT) aT STAT SAAT | aerate ey a Qatar | ae ence | We MET t 91 gra Soraie FRB w fog HUME | aera Coma BERET @ CoP | | 8 1 Beets oat ERT wt exces Poh BA | ARCOM We RH RER CF SER FE AT 1 a BATT TH GMB GAOT FRAT | ATG | eteT BT WT, TACHI © RATATAT aTRCATCATE Gera @ Sere Hee BC RIG CRTATTAT Berra @ STAT TS AA |