9

TLE IA- PLUMBING NC 1

Activity Sheet Quarter 4 – C1
TLE_IAPB9MP-IVfj-2

Types of Piping Connection

 REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
TLE- PLUMBING NC 1 Grade 9
Activity Sheet No. 1
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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Visayas.

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without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.
Development Team TLE- PLUMBING NC 1 Grade 9
Activity Sheet

Writer: Franklin S. Lirazan

Illustrators: Jewelyn Cadigal, Aldrin Sodusta, Shiela Mae Manos

Editors:

Layout Artist:

Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:

MT T LA EPS LR EPS

Division of Kabankalan City Management Team:

Sds, asds, cid chief, LA EPS

Regional Management Team

Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma
Josilyn S. Solana
Elena P. Gonzaga
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RO QA TEAM
Introductory Message
Welcome to TLE- PLUMBING NC 1 Grade 9

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Kabankalan City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western
Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible
adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education
Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The TLE- PLUMBING NC 1 Grade 9 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the
leaching-learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency
(MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner. This will
be made available to the learners with the references/links to ease the independent
learning.

For the learner:

The TLE- PLUMBING NC 1 Grade 9 Activity Sheet is developed to help you

continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you
with meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active
learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the activities and
answer the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed
schedule.
 Quarter 4 -Week 1
Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 1

Name of Learner:_______________________________________________________
Grade and Section:___________________________________ Date: ______________

TLE- PLUMBING NC 1 Grade 9

ACTIVITY SHEET

I. Learning Competency with Code

TLE_IAPB9MP-IIIfj-2
LO 2. PERFORM PIPE THREADING OF JOINTS AND CONNECTION.

Types of piping connection

 Perform threaded connections in accordance with the piping table

of specifications and the approved standard procedure

II. Background Information for Learners

Types of Piping Connection

Soldering/Brazing/Welding

Thermal joining methods of physically connecting pipe together with a solder or by

fusing the pipes ends together without an intermediary metal.  The two most prominent
metallic pipes in the plumbing/mechanical industry is ductile iron pipe and copper pipe
but can apply to steel, aluminum, and other metals.

Soldering, commonly known as sweating, is a building a connection between two pipe

ends that overlap one another.  Solder can be any metal (lead was commonly used but
is no longer allowed for potable systems) with a lower melting point that the pipe that
needs to be connected.

Brazing is the same process as soldering but with using a higher melting point solder
and produces a stronger joint.  It is used for joining brass, bronze, steel, and other
materials is is one step below welding in terms of strength.

Brazing and soldering are both used in mechanical systems to connect pipe for a
cheaper cost than mechanical connections.  It does, however, require a certain degree
of skill and technical knowledge to create strong joints.  Brazing also utilizes overlapping
pipe and fittings.
Solvent Welding

Solvent welding is a similar process as metallic welding without the heat.  It is used for
joining plastic pipes such as PVC, CPVC, ABS, and their variations.  Instead of relying
on heat to form the joint, solvent welding is the process of partially dissolving the pipe in
a solvent and as it hardens, it becomes fused together on the molecular level.  The
cement used in the process also acts as an adhesive to prevent any joint failures,
although it’s the solvent that actually waterproofs the joint.

Mechanical Connections

The above joint processes are all permanent fixtures that alters the molecular integrity
of the pipe itself.  Sweating copper has a far less permanent effect than solvent welding
PVC and could be argued it is not permanent.  But it depends on your definition of
permanent.

Mechanical fittings are those that can be easily removed and replaced again if
necessary with one notable exception – compression fittings.  Mechanical connections
are those that require some element of threads of hardware to secure the joint.  It
encompasses many other specialized connections but below we will outline the most
commonly used mechanical connections.

Flanges

Flanges are considered very strong connections, and can be prefabricated to the
correct sizes.  Many times, flanges are used in industrial applications with high
pressures and large diameter pipe.  You can use flanges with a variety of materials, but
the cost makes its use most efficient with steel pipe.

A flange is just a flat, perpendicular surface on the end of both pipes being connected.
A seal is placed between the two flanges and the flanges are butted up together.
Several bolts and nuts are used to create a very strong connection between the pipe
and the seal provides a water-tight bond.
One disadvantage of flanges is the lack of length adjustment in pipe.  You cannot cut a
flanged pipe and still be able to make a connection.  True flanges are typically welded
or secured to the pipe to create a permanent fixture.  However, what separates flanges
from welds is they can be disconnected for repairs and then reconnected with ease.

Plans for restrained flange adapter

Restrained flange adapters have a significant amount of hardware used to attach itself
to the pipe, compressing itself to the pipe end and more hardware to the connecting
flange.  Not only is there a seal between the flanges, but also seals between the pipe
and adapter itself.

Threaded Pipe

One of the easiest connection pipes to use is threaded pipe – that’s assuming
everything is the perfect length.  Galvanized steel pipe pre-dated copper tubing in
residential applications and much of it was threaded pipe.  Many times threaded pipe is
used for conduit or other non-water tight purposes.

The problem with using threaded pipe is not being able to shorten the pipe length due to
a loss of threads on the end.  The pipe can be re-threaded but it is a tedious process
and adds a lot of time and labor to the process.

Many times you will find threaded pipe and fittings as end connection points.  Hose
spigots are the perfect example, as the pipe threads are generally universal for a given
diameter and can easily attach to a hose or other adapters.

There are two primary pipe threads used for pipe plumbing in the U.S..  National Pipe
Thread Taper (NPT) and National Pipe Straight (NPS) both have the same angle at 60°
and general shape.  The major difference is the NPT is tapered so that when the pipe
and fitting are compressed against each other as they are tightened.  It makes a
relatively water-proof bond.  NPS, on the other hand, has parallel threads which act
similarly to a nut and bolt.  To make NPS water tight, washers, o-rings or gaskets are
used between the male and female ends.

Other thread types include military derived AN thread, flare fittings, and garden hose
thread (GHT) to name a few.  Outside the U.S. you will probably run into British
standard pipe (BSP) which has been internationally accepted as the standard thread
type (excluding the U.S., of course) or the whitworth family of threads.

If you are depending on the threads between pipe and fittings to waterproof your piping,
it’s a good idea to use pipe dope or teflon tape to secure the connection and fill in any
voids.  Petroleum based pipe dope should not be used on any plastic piping but
provides great seal protection and anti-seizing characteristics with metallic pipe.  On
plastic pipe or metallic pipe, teflon tape (also known as plumber’s tape) can be used.

Pipe threads are considered a relatively strong joint.  In regards to how waterproof a
joint is depends on how well it was threaded and if additional precautions were taken to
fill any voids.  Aside from not being able to easily adjust the length of threaded pipe,
stripped threads can also be a major problem when trying to fix or replace pipes.

Compression Fittings

Compression fittings are secured by squeezing tubing into itself to form a water-tight
bond.  A traditional compression fitting is composed of three pieces – there is a
threaded male and a threaded female bolt and nut that form the compressive forces and
a compression ring that actually does the sealing.

This type of connection is much easier than sweating and requiring nothing more than a
wrench to tighten but can cause leaks later on.  Compression fittings offer the weekend
DIYer and easier alternative to sweating copper pipes but are ideal for plastic tubing.

Hub & Spigot

Hub and spigot pipe is a cross between several of the above mentioned connectors.  It
is worth mentioning due to its prevalence in the plumbing industry even though it is not
necessarily a connection in the sense that it utilizes an above technique to properly
secure the joints.

A hub, also known as a bell or socket, is an enlarged part of the pipe.  It is a
manufactured female end to the pipe that acts as a coupler.  To attach, a straight piece
of pipe (spigot) is inserted into the hub and secured.  These systems are common when
longer lengths of pipe are needed due to the ease of connection like drainage lines or
irrigation.  For non-plumbing, it is commonly found in electrical conduit systems.
 Black hub & spigot pipe

Smaller diameter PVC is typically glued together via solvent welding.  Larger diameter
PVC could be glued but usually has a locking gasket that works similarly to the push-fit
system used in compression fittings.

What makes hub and spigot pipe so useful is not needing any couplings.  The spigot
end of the pipe can be cut down to size since it is the same diameter as the pipe itself
and connected directly to the other pipe.  No coupler is required, reducing two joints
down to one.

Many people ask what direction to face hub and spigot pipe.  Technically, the correct
direction is to face the spigot downstream with the hub facing the source of the water
but it really doesn’t matter.  A coupler produces the same amount of surface friction on
both sides, so by reducing the joint friction on one side helps the flow, regardless of the
side.

Barbed, Crimped & Clamped Connections

Crimped and clamped connections are my least favorite way of connecting pipe and
tubing.  Crimping is generally considered one of the weaker connections, requires
specialized tools, and specialized crimps.  Clamping is typically even weaker but can be
tightened with a screwdriver.

Crimping is common on PEX pipe and copper tubing.  There are two ways to crimp; the
first is the crimp a fitting directly to a pipe, which is how clamps work.  The second
possible way to crimp pipe is by crimping the excess hardware on the side of the pipe
which tightens the remainder of the crimp around the tubing, compressing it to the barb
fitting inside the tubing.
A barb fitting is a connector that slides into the inside of a tube.  The barbs help prevent
it from slipping out.  In many situations, a clamp or crimp is not required but for more
important or pressurized connections, it’s a good idea to crimp or clamp it.

Crimps and clamps are used extensively in residential, marine, and recreational
applications but are rarely used in mission critical connections.  The advantage of using
clamps over crimps are the ability to easy disconnect and reconnect with no additional
hardware or crimpers.

Hardware

The final pipe and tubing connection you may run into is simple hardware connections.
That is, pipe connected with a screw or bolts.  These are not water-tight connections.
You may find them for simple, not plumbing projects like construction of a kayak dolly or
fishing cart, for example.

It can be a preferred method for connecting PVC pipe when the project needs to be
disconnected frequently but requires rigidity that tubing cannot provide.  Wing nuts can
be used for hand tightening and typically people prefer to use stainless steel hardware,
although anything can be used.

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Educational Sites

http://pvcguy.com/pipe-connection-types/

IV. Activity Proper

Activity 1
Directions: Identify the following. Write your answer in separate sheet of
paper.

1. Both used in mechanical systems to connect pipe for a cheaper cost than
mechanical connections.  It does, however, require a certain degree of skill and
technical knowledge to create strong joints.  

2. Similar process as metallic welding without the heat.  It is used for joining plastic
pipes such as PVC, CPVC, ABS, and their variations.  

3. Commonly known as sweating, is a building a connection between two pipe ends

that overlap one another

4. Considered very strong connections, and can be prefabricated to the correct

sizes.  5.

5. Can be easily removed and replaced again if necessary with one notable
exception – compression fittings.  
 6. Considered a relatively strong joint.  In regards to how waterproof a joint is
depends on how well it was threaded and if additional precautions were taken to
fill any voids.

7. Secured by squeezing tubing into itself to form a water-tight bond.

8. Also known as a bell or socket, is an enlarged part of the pipe.  It is a

manufactured female end to the pipe that acts as a coupler.  

9. What is a straight piece of pipe?

10. Generally considered one of the weaker connections, requires specialized tools,
and specialized crimps.  

V. Reflection

1. Why do we need to know the different types of piping connection? How so

important the piping connection in plumbing?

_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

VI. Answer Key

ACTIVITY 1
1. Brazing and Soldering
2. Solvent Welding
3. Soldering
4. Flangers
5. Mechanical Fittings
6. Pipe Threads
7. Compression Fittings
8. Hub
9. Spigot
10. Crimping