Heavy metal Lectures

ACTS

1. FMA 1967 – DOSH - MOHR

2. OSHA 1994 – DOSH - MOHR
3. ESSA 1969 – SOCSO - MOHR
4. PESTICIDE ACT – MOA
5. AELA – MOSTI

PESTICIDE UNDER OSHA 1994

SCHEDULE II IS MORE HAZARDSOUS COMPARE TO SCHEDULE I

EXPOSURE MONITORING (READ ON P.E.L)

- INHALATION/INJECTION/SKIN ABSORPTION/INGESTION

- EXPOSURE CAN BE CALCULATE ON AREA AND PERSONAL

- PEAMISBBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT

BIOLOGICAL MONITORING

-BLOOD AND URINE – MEASURE THE AMOUNT OF HEAVY METAL THAT WHAT HAVE GONE IN

-DEPENDS ON THE BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDEX

BIOEFFECT MONITORING

-MEASURING THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METAL TOWARDS THE PERSON (EG SYMPTOMS)

MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE IS DONE PERIODICALLY AND REGULATED AND COVER BY LAW

-FIRSTLY, DONE PRE-EMPLOYEMENT/PRE-PLACEMENT

-SECONDLY, PERIODIC MEDICAL SURVEILANCE9EG ONE A YEAR,2 A YEAR)

-THIRLY DURINGEXIT (BEFORE WORKER RETIRED)

YOU NEED TO DO IN MEDICAL SURVEILANCE:

1. HISTORY
2. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
3. INVESTIGATION
INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES RESEARCH OF CANCER (IARC)

DIVIDED INTO 4 GROUP

1: DEFINITE CARCINOGEN

DONE STUDIES ON CELL, ANIMAL AND HUMAN (EPIDEMIOLOGY)

2A: PROABLE

2B: POSSIBLE

3: ???

4: NO CANCER

LEAD

-important in exam

-need to remember the PEL lead and the BEL of lead

-if blood lead 80micro/dL, repeated monthly until reading is less than 60.

-if the reading got less than 60, every 3 monthly

-if it drops below 40, consider back normal PEL, go for 6monthly

-all reading must need to have 2 consecutive reading

Pb Poisoning

1. MRP Medical Removal Protection

-option to send pt: hospital
-send home
-work in different area

ESSA 1969

1. EMPLOYEMENT INCIDENT SCHEME (INCLUDED TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT BENEFIT)

a. WORKPLACE ACCIDENT
b. COMMUTING ACCIDENT
c. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE
2. I. PENSION SCHEME

ORGANIC SOLVENT

-NEED TO REMEMBER THE CHRONIC HEALTH OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS

-ORGANIC SOLVENT IS LIKELY TO BE CARCINOGENIC

-TREATMENT START WITH MRP, THEN SYMPTOMATIC

RADIATION

-IS A PHYSICAL HAZARDS, QUANUM ENERGY BY PARTICLES OR ELECTROMAGNETIC RAYS

-SHORTER WAVELENGTH, HIGHER ENERGY, HIGHER FREQUENCY

-RADON; NORM = NATURALLY OCCURING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

-LYMPHOMA HODGHKIN CAN HAPPEN TO PT WHO WORK UNDER THE TENSION CABLES BECAUSE OF
THE EMF

-ALARP (AS LOW AS REASONABLY POSSIBLE

-ALARA (AS LOW AS REASONABLY ACHIEVABLE

PPE MANAGEMENT

IDLH- IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH

NOT IDLH – NOT IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH

NOISE EXPOSURE LIMIT

1. 85 dB(A) -daily exposure, 8hours, considered 100% to maximum of 115 dBA

2. 115 dB (A)
3. 140 dB (C) – peak sound pressure – mcm bom exploded

Increase or decrease - by 3 for each 1 st 50% then 25%, by means

100% - 85 dBA, 82 dBA jadi 50%, and 79 dBA jadi 25%

100% - 85 dBA, 88 dBA jadi 200%

Mx of ONRHD

1. Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)

2. Hearing impairment (HI)
3. Standard Threshold Shifts (STS) – temporary or permanent

CHEMICAL – CHEMICAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT

NOISE – NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT

ERGONOMIC – ERGONOMIC RISK ASSESSMENT

NRA NEED TO BE DONE ANNUALLY

NEL – MEASURE BY AREA AND PERSONAL

AREA – SOUND LEVEL METER

PERSONAL – NOISE DOSIMETER