From: meerab fatima meerab.fatima.pakistan0092@gmail.

com
Subject: Aerobic respiration
Date: 25 January 2023 at 6:38 PM
To: humayunasgharco@yahoo.com

Aerobic respiration

Involves oxygen
Water and carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product

Glucose + oxygen=carbon dioxide + energy

Controlled by enzyme
Take place in mitrochondrias
Energy is lost as heat

Aerobic respiration

Chemical reaction that breaks down nutrient to release energy no use of oxygen
Not more efficient then aerobic respiration
Happens in cytoplasm
Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respration
Use oxygen No oxygen
No lactic acid Lactic acid made
Make co2 Does not make co2
Make water No water
Large amount of energy Small amount of energy
Chemical reaction, break down of glucose Chemical reaction, to break down glucose to release energy

Occurs in yeast and some plants as well

In yeast glucose is converted to ethanol co2 and energy. This is fermentation

C6H12O6= 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

IN HUMANS

MUCSEL CELLS ALSO RESPIRE AEROBICALLY

THEY MAKE LACTIC ACID
HAPPENS DUE TO VIGOROUS EXERCISE WHEN LUNGS AND HEART ARE UNABLE TO
PROVIDE TO MUCH OXYGEN
This lactic acid builds up can be poisonous
cause muscle tiredness
Extra oxygen taken in to break down the lactic acid

Gas exchange

Gas exchange ; the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the cell

Gas exchange area ; a part of the body where gas exchange take place

are thin
They are close to the efficient transport system
Large surface area
 Large surface area
Good supply of oxygen

The breathing system

Alveoli where gaseous exchange take place
Goblet cells make water and mucus
Water evaporate to moisture the nose
Cilia are moving n traps bacteria and dust
Larynx contain voice\ vocal code
Cartilages helps to prevent the trachea from collapsing

Alveoli
One cell thick
. Only o2 molecules can diffuse in
Excellent transport system
Large surface area
Good supply of oxygen

Ventilation ; the movement of air into and out of the cell

Inspired air Expired air

Oxygen 21% Oxygen 16%
Co2 0.04% Co2 4%
Water vapours. variablr Water vapour usually high
Temperature

Inhalation Exhalation
Diaphragm contract downwards Relax and upward
Inter coastal muscles contract Relax
Ribs upward and outward Inward and downward
Volume increase Decrease
Air pressure decreases Increase
Inter costal mussels relax Contract
v = k\ pressure ; inverse relation

Breathing rate is controlled by the brain

Monitor the ph level of the blood
Too much lactic acid cause the ph to fall, which is monitor by brain and nerve impulse is send to
diaphragm and inter costal muscels to contract harder

Excretion IN HUMANS

EXCRETION ; THE REMOVAL OF WASTE product OF metabolism AND substance IN excess of

requirement

UREA; A WASTE PRODUCT PRODUCED IN THE LIVER, FROM THE breakdown of excess amino
acid

URINE ; SOLUTION OF UREA AND OTHER WASTE MATERIAL IN WATER PRODUCED BY KIDNEYS

Urethra ; TUBE THAT CARRIES URINE FROM THE BLADDER TO OUTSIDE

THE LIVER BREAKS DOWN THE EXCESS PROTEINS TO UREA

 THE LIVER BREAKS DOWN THE EXCESS PROTEINS TO UREA
SEND THEM TO KIDNEYS
LIVER ALSO BREAK DOWN EXCESS HORMONES AND DETOXIFIES ALCOHOL AND DRUGS
KIDNEYS FILTER OT THE UNWANTED UREA FROM BLOOD
EXCRET THE URINE FROM THESE SUBSTANCE
ALSO MAINTAIN THE BLOOD LEVEL OF USEFUL MATERIAL N REGULATE WATER BALANCE