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Simulation and Comparative Analysis of (SISO over MIMO) FSO

Communication Channel
Research · November 2017

DOI: 10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0604135
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ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753
ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Website: www.ijirset.com
Vol. 6, Issue 4, April 2017
Simulation and Comparative Analysis of

(SISO over MIMO) FSO Communication
Channel
Dr. Shehab A. Kadhim1, Dr. Alaa H. Ali 2, Kanat M. Abdul Hussain 3
Laser & Optoelectronics Research Center, Ministry of Science & Technology, Iraq1
Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Al-Technologyia Unv., Iraq2,3
ABSTRACT: Free Space Optical (FSO) Communication has developed to cover long distance with the growing
needs of high speed. Its data transmission technology from one point toanother by using laser carrying information in
free space. Multiple of transmitters and receivers (MIMO) is used to improve the performance of (FSO) communication
system and its quality at different weather conditions. In this paper, simulate and analyze the performance of (MIMO-
FSO) configurations under clear, haze and fog weather conditions was implemented using (OptiSystem7.0) software,
and compare the results with single input single output (SISO-FSO) technique. MIMO take benefit from the spatial
diversity and receive multiple independent copies of the same signal at the receiver, hence the performance was
analyzed by the received power, the bit error rate (BER) and Q- factor. From the measured data the visibility was
calculated, which is the main factor for quality and estimation for the reliability and availability of FSO link.
KEYWORDS: FSO, SISO, MIMO, OptiSystem 7.0, Visibility, BER and Q-Factor.
I. INTRODUCTION
Free space optics (FSO) communication is a promising technology, that uses light sources and detectors to send and
receive information through the atmosphere. The motivation for FSO is to eliminate the cost, time, benefit of high data
rates (up to 1 GB/s and beyond) for transmission of data, voice, video and images. In addition, operating at unlicensed
optical wavelengths, will provide broadband capacity and high security because of their directivity, their low cost and
more compact equipment have emerged these systems as a complement to microwave and radio frequency (RF)
counterparts[1].
Despite their important advantages, there are some detrimental effects, firstly, they need clear as well as alignment
(LOS). Secondly, the link's performance sensitive to various weather conditions. In this case, the terrestrial (SISO-
FSO) channel provide a considerable complicated environment, with attenuators like scintillation, fog, ambient light,
snow, and rain, which all of them are contributing to reduce the practical capacities, however the main challenge is
the high vulnerability to the variations of optical intensity [2]. For the system performance to be improved by
employing MIMO technology can be significantly improve the data capacity through spatial multiplexing by increasing
the numbers of points at the transmitter and/or receiver [3]. The MIMO technology cannot only increase the data rate
but also improve the system reliability through spatial diversity [4].
II. THE ORETICAL CONCEPT
One of the challenges of the FSO channel which can lead to link failure and signal loss is the atmospheric
attenuation.Inaddition, scattering and turbulence phenomena have a high affection on the transmitted signal’s power .
Atmospherical attenuation due to scattering is modeled for various weather and particle's size conditions. Kim, Kruse
Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0604135 5743

ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

[5] and Al-Naboulsi [6] are some of the famous models that treated the effect of scattering on the transmitted beam
of the FSO channel .
……. (1)
The coefficient of atmospheric attenuation "α" depends on the sort of scattering, signal wavelength, the size of the
particles of the atmosphere and the link visibility as represented by Kim’s Model given by [5]:
……. (2)
That V is the visibility (in km) and "q " is the size distribution of the scattering particle. We must know the particle
size "q", and by Kim’s model, the parameter "q" takes the given values that are varied in accordance with the various
weather conditions [5].
1.6 if V >50km
1.3 if 6 km <V < 50 km
q= 0.16V+0.34 if 1km < V < 6km

.... (3)
V - 0.5 if 0.5 km < V < 1km
0 if V< 0.5 km
III. MIMO WIRELESS CHANNEL
MIMO technology is the most generally used in wireless communication systems as shown in Figure (1), because it
gives a large increase in link range and data throughput without additional bandwidth or transmitted power. It transmits
the required power over antennas to achieve the array gain,which improves the efficiency. It enhances link reliability
also and decreases the fading effect. Because of these merits of MIMO technique, it becomes a very important part of
modern wireless systems [7].
Figure (1): MIMO system with M transmitters and N receivers.

ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

It’s well-known that the usingof MIMO channel provides the performance gain, in comparing with the SISO
communication scheme, that the transmitted power is unchanged.An FSO as SISO channel was integrated into
(OptiSystem 7.0), and a MIMO system of 4 units is modeled to enhancing the performance of FSO link. The SISO and
MIMO constructions are modeled with the basic components of the FSO as shown in Figure (2).
Figure (2): Design model of Single-Input Single-Output free space optical system
Thewidely used measure of performance is(Q-factor) thatrepresents the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at receiver decision
circuit, BER that gives the upper limit tosignal before some degradation introducing to itat the receiver, and the eye
opening that considers only samples at optimum sampling instants.The last parameter is the difference between the
minimum value of those samples decided as logical "1" and the maximum value of those decided as logical "0". On the
other hand, the value of BER can be calculated mathematically as:
…… (4)
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS ANDDISCUSSION
Based on the above system model, the FSO link behavior, for multiple MIMO technique sizes
atstrongturbulenceinnon-homogeneous version of the operating environments was evaluated.Performance simulation
ofthe link at 1550 nm wavelength and a distance “L” of 1.5 km with NRZ code and APD receiver at different weather
conditions is carried out.Optical power meter and BER analyzer areusedto determine the received and transmitted
signal power levels and the system BER. The visibility under different weather conditions are as presented in Table (1)
[8], while table (2)shows the values of attenuation based on the Kim model for various visibility values and according
to the mathematical model previously discussed. Weather conditions of the atmospheric have a noticeable effect on the
FSO links, and that affect is related to "q" the size distribution of the scattering particles and to "V"the visibility. In
addition, they affect the power levels of the signal due to the FSO dependence on the operating wavelength.

ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

Table 1. Visibility range values under different weather conditions.

Weather Condition visibility (km)
Thick fog = < 200
Moderate fog 300-700
Light fog 0.8 – 1000
Thin fog/heavy rain25mm/hr) 1000 – 1800
Haze/medium rain(12.5mm/hr) 2000 – 4000
Clear/drizzle (0.25mm/hr) 18000– 20000
Very clear 23000 – 50000
Table 2. Atmospheric attenuation at wavelength 1550 nm for different weather conditions.
Weather Condition Attenuation (dB/km)

Clear air high visibility (v=23) 0.1 4.2872
Haze (v=2km) 15.5633 25.5
Light fog (0.8) Moderate 43
fog (0.6) Heavy fog (0.2)
Table (3) presents the system parameters which used in simulating the FSO link with the aid of (Optisystem
7.0).
Table (3):ParametersusedinFSOsimulation
Parameter (Symbol) Value
Operating signal wavelength (λ)Transmission RateLink 1550 nm1.25 Gbps2.5, 25 cm0 dB 3 dB 1

Distance (z)Optical Transmitted Power (PT)Transmitter A/W10 Na
and Receiver Apertures (DT, DR) Transmitter and 0.75× Bit rate
Receiver Gain APD Photodetector GainAPD
ResponsivityAPD Dark CurrentLow Pass Filter Cutoff
Frequency (at receiver)
Figure (3) presented SISO link simulation design, while Figure (4) presented MIMO link simulation design using
Optisystem 7.0 software.

ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

Figure (3): SISO link simulation design using (Optisystem 7.0) software.
Figure (4): MIMO link simulation design using (Optisystem 7.0) software.
Figure (5) shows the relationship between the number of units of the MIMO systems and the received power for
various weather conditions. It is seen that, in all cases the power of the received signal enhances as the size of the
MIMO system increases. In other words, using MIMO technique will improve the level of the received power. On the
other hand, the improvement in the behavior of FSO starts at a two elements (2x2) MIMO.
Fig.5-Receivedpowervs.sizeofMIMOsystemindifferentweathercondition

ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

Now, to show who the size of the MIMO can affect the behavior of the FSO system,figure (6) for the SISO and 4x4
MIMO combinations in a heavy weather condition at a distance of 1.7 km apparent that increasing the number of
MIMO units will increase the eye opening owing to the reduction in the signal jitters. A wider eye opening means
that the occurrence of the errors indata is reduced. Generally, the wider the eye opening is, the better the system
performance becomes. In addition, it is noticed that as the number of transmitters and receivers increases, the size of
eye opening increases and the resulting jitter decreases, and for SISO system, there is no splitting of power and the size
of the eye opening is very small. In this situation, the established link is bad. On the contrary, the MIMO technique
enhances the performance of FSO network and as the size of the MIMO system increases, the improvement in the
quality of the FSO link becomes better. Performance evaluation of a link at 1550 nm, with NRZ line codes (NRZ line
code achieves a better performance than RZ by providing a higher receiving a signal and better BER) and APD
receivers under different weather conditions is numerically computed.Figure (6.a) shows the output received power
versus the wavelength for SISO and Figure (6.b & c) MIMO scheme with two (2x2) and four units (4x4), respectively.
(a)
(b) (c)
Figure (6): Eyediagramforheavy Fog weathercondition at (950 m) (a)SISO,(b)2x2MIMO , (c) 4x4 MIMO

ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

At the worstweather conditions, the loss factor of atmospheric attenuation increases and this affects the received power.
A graph is plotted to demonstrate the variation of the element number of a MIMO system (at 1.5 km and 43 dbm) with
the Q-factor and it is illustrated in Figure (7).
110
105 106.46 , 36
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
Q Factor
65 66.55 , 32
60
55
50 52.45 , 36
45 42.64 , 28
40
35 34.42 , 32
30
25 27.55 , 24 27.43 , 36
20 21.62 , 28
15 16.83 , 20 16.74 , 32
10 12.85 , 24 9.69 , 28
5 7.25 , 20 5.31 , 24
0 2.74 , 20
20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Power Transmitted (dBm)
SISO MIMO2 X2 MIMO4 X4
Figure (7):Q-factorvs.transmittedpowerfor 1.5 km with heavy fog weather condition.
It is clear that the element numberof a MIMO system plays an important role in its performance, where 4x4 MIMO
system gives Q-factor higher that for 2x2 MIMO and SISO procedures, respectively. The minimum values of
transmitting power required to establish a communication channel for 1.5 km and different weather conditions and
several sizes of MIMO system are listed in Table (4).
Table (4):Minimum power required for operation in different weather conditions at (1.5Km)
NO.OF MIMO Minimum required value of transmitted power (dbm)
Haze : 4.3 dbm Light fog: 25.5 dbm Heavy fog: 43 dbm
1x1 MIMO -31dbm 4.5dbm 34.5dbm (2.818 w)
2X2 MIMO -28.5dbm -7.5dbm 19 dbm (79.43 mw)
4X4 MIMO -44dbm -13.2dbm 12.8dbm (19.05 mw)
By performing simulation, and as listed in the table above, the minimum value of transmitted power required in
establishing different successful communication channels is calculated. It seems that in strong turbulence situations, the
transmitted powers required for establishing a communication channels are 34.5dbm (2.818 w) to SISO system and
12.8 dbm (19.05 mw) to MIMO system, and one can get a Q-factor of 89.38 by MIMO system with the same level of
the transmitted power (34.5dbm) of the SISO system at the strong turbulence situation.

ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

Demonstrates the effect of the scattering particles (in the case of different weather conditions) in the maximum
distance required to establish the communication channel of different systems is listed in Table (5).
Table 5. Calculated max. distance of varies systems at wavelength 1550 nm for (25 dbm transmitted power and
attenuation of different weather conditions)
Weather Condition Attenuation Visibility at 1x1 Visibility at 2X2 Visibility at

(dB/km) MIMO (km) MIMO (km) 4X4 MIMO
(km)
Clear air high visibility 0.1 215 260 305
4.3 12.3 13.8
Haze 25.5 11 2.59 2.78
43 1.62 1.75
Moderate fog 2.38
Heavy fog 1.5
An attesting to the designed system (by Optisystem 7) at a very turbulent weather to find the maximumattenuation
that every system will establish its communication (1Km) channel length is 1km as shown in Table (6).
Table 6 : Q-Factor vs BER at 1Km & 25 db for diffrerent systems atturbulent weather
NO.OF MIMO (58 db) (73 db) (80 db)
Q BER Q BER Q BER

1x1 MIMO
6.193 2.57 e-10 2.734 0.002 0 1
2X2 MIMO
47.231 0 7.231 2.04 e-013 2.299 0.01
4X4 MIMO
94.588 0 24.439 2.43 e-132 2.01 e-010 6.231
V. CONCLUSIONS
The link of MIMO wireless optical is a multi-element link that exploits spatial diversity to achieve gains in reliability
and spectral efficiency. So, this paper is devoted to analyze the design of the MIMO FSO link. Different weather
conditions, including the difficult ones are treated in the operation of such a link which employs NRZ and APD in its
receiver. For this link, the power loss due to various weather conditions is evaluated by Optisystem program and
results are displayed graphically and by tables. The results demonstrate that MIMO enhances the performance of FSO
system and the enhancement increases as the size of its elements augments where the received power is
ameliorated.The displayed results would provide a useful approach for the optimization of diversity configurations to
maximize channel capacity of MIMO FSO links over a different atmospheric turbulence conditions.

ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

REFERENCES
1-Xu F, Khalighi MA, Bourennane S. (Pulse Position Modulation for FSO Systems: Capacity and Channel Coding) International Conference on
Telecommunication. 2009;31–38.
2-Strohbehn J. (Laser beam propagation in the atmosphere) New York: Springer; 1978.
3- Navidpour SM, Uysal M, Kavehrad M. (BER Performance of Free-Space Optical Transmission with Spatial Diversity) IEEE Transactions on
Wireless Communications. 2007; 6(8): 2813-2819.
4- Peng Deng, Mohsen Kavehrad, Zhiwen Liu, Zhou Zhou, XiuHua Yuan. Capacity of MIMO free space optical communications using multiple
partially coherent beams propagation through non-Kolmogorov strong turbulence. Optics Express. 2013; 21(13):15213-15229.
5- Kim II, McArthur B, Korevaar E. (Comparison of Laser Beam Propagation at 785 nm and 1550 nm in Fog and Haze for Optical Wireless
Communications) In: Proc. SPIE. 2001; 4214:26-37.
6- Awan MS, Marzuki E, Leitgeb F, Nadeem Khan MS, Capsoni C.(Fog attenuation dependence on atmospheric visibility at two wavelengths for
FSO link planning. Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference) UK. 2010;193-196.
7- Abolfazl Chaman-Motlagh, Mehdi Mofidi.(Error and channel capacity analysis of SIMO and MISO free-space optical communications)
Conference on Electrical Engg. Tehran, Iran. 2012; 20: 1414-1418.
8 -Zhu X, Kahn J. (Free space optical communication through atmospheric turbulence channels) IEEE Trans. Communication. 2002; 50(8):
1293–1300.
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Simulation and Comparative Analysis of (SISO over MIMO) FSO

Research · November 2017

Shehab Ahmed Kadhim Alaa Hussein Ali

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

optical communication system View project

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Simulation and Comparative Analysis of

II. THE ORETICAL CONCEPT

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0604135 5743

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

1.3 if 6 km <V < 50 km

q= 0.16V+0.34 if 1km < V < 6km

III. MIMO WIRELESS CHANNEL

Figure (1): MIMO system with M transmitters and N receivers.

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0604135 5744

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

IV. SIMULATION RESULTS ANDDISCUSSION

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0604135 5745

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Table 1. Visibility range values under different weather conditions.

Table 2. Atmospheric attenuation at wavelength 1550 nm for different weather conditions.

Weather Condition Attenuation (dB/km)

Operating signal wavelength (λ)Transmission RateLink 1550 nm1.25 Gbps2.5, 25 cm0 dB 3 dB 1

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0604135 5746

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0604135 5747

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0604135 5748

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Power Transmitted (dBm)

SISO MIMO2 X2 MIMO4 X4

Figure (7):Q-factorvs.transmittedpowerfor 1.5 km with heavy fog weather condition.

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0604135 5749

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Weather Condition Attenuation Visibility at 1x1 Visibility at 2X2 Visibility at

Heavy fog 1.5

NO.OF MIMO (58 db) (73 db) (80 db)

Q BER Q BER Q BER

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0604135 5750

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