LOCATING AND CLAMPING

PRINCIPLES

Chapter 3
Jig and Fixture Handbook
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LOCATING

To perform properly Workholders

must.
Accurately and consistently position
the workpiece relative to cutting tool.

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REFERENCING AND REPEATABILITY

Referencing
 Workpiece relative to the workholder.
 Workholder relative to cutting tool.
Jigs use a bushing
Fixture uses keys, feeler gauges, and or probes

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REFERENCING AND REPEATABILITY

Referencing the workpiece

 Is done with locators.
Repeatability
 Isthe ability of workholder to consistently
produce parts within tolerance.

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THE MECHANICS OF LOCATING

Degrees of Freedom
 All12 degrees of freedom must be
restricted to ensure proper referencing of
a Workpiece.

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THE MECHANICS OF LOCATING

Locators are the devices that

restrict a workpieces movement.
 Must
be strong enough to maintain
workpiece position.
 Resist cutting forces.
 Locatorsnot clamps hold workpiece
against cutting forces.
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FORMS OF LOCATION

Three general forms of location.

Plane

Concentric

Radial

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LOCATING FROM EXTERNAL SURFACES

Flat surfaces are common features for

location.

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LOCATING FROM EXTERNAL SURFACES

External edges are the most common

locating method. Primary

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LOCATING FROM EXTERNAL SURFACES

External edges are the most common

locating method. Secondary

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LOCATING FROM EXTERNAL SURFACES

External edges are the most common

locating method. Third locating surface

Final locator to another side restricts 9 degrees

of freedom.
Completing 3-2-1

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LOCATING FROM INTERNAL SURFACES

Internal diameters are the most-efficient

form of location.

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ANALYZING MACHINING FORCES

The most-important factor to consider in fixture layout

are the direction and machining forces exerted .

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ANALYZING MACHINING FORCES

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LOCATING GUIDELINES

Positioning Locators

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LOCATING GUIDELINES

Positioning Locators

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LOCATING GUIDELINES

Controlling Chips

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LOCATING GUIDELINES

Redundant Location

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LOCATING GUIDELINES

Redundant Location

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LOCATING GUIDELINES

Preventing Improper Loading

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LOCATING GUIDELINES

Preventing Improper Loading

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LOCATING GUIDELINES

Spring-Loaded Locators

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LOCATING GUIDELINES

Determining Locator Size and Tolerance

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LOCATING GUIDELINES

Determining Locator Size and Tolerance

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LOCATING GUIDELINES

Determining Locator Size and Tolerance

 As a general rule, tool tolerance should be

between 20 - 50% of the part tolerance.
 Eg: Hole to be located within +/-
.010”.Tolerance for the hole is between +/-
.002” & +/-.005”. This is necessary to maintain
precision.
 Tool tolerances below 20% increase the tool
cost. 25
CLAMPING GUIDELINES

Selecting Clamps
 Must hold workpiece against locators
 Prevent movement of workpiece

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CLAMPING GUIDELINES

Holding workpiece against locators

 Clamps are not intended to resist primary
cutting forces

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CLAMPING GUIDELINES

Holding securely under vibration, loading

and stress
 Cam clamps for example can loosen under
vibration

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CLAMPING GUIDELINES

Preventing damage to workpiece

 Part distortion and marring
 Warp or bend
 Surface damage with hardened or non-
rotating contact surfaces

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CLAMPING GUIDELINES

Improving Load/unload speed

 Slow clamping action, screw clamp
 Clamping/unclamping effects
loading/unloading speed

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CLAMPING GUIDELINES

Positioning clamps

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CLAMPING GUIDELINES

Positioning clamps

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CLAMPING GUIDELINES

Positioning clamps

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CLAMPING GUIDELINES

Positioning clamps

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CLAMPING GUIDELINES

Positioning clamps

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CLAMPING GUIDELINES

Positioning clamps

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CLAMPING GUIDELINES

Positioning clamps

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CLAMPING GUIDELINES

Clamp Size and Force

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CLAMPING GUIDELINES

Clamp Size and Force

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