Smart Materials

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CL 506
 Instructor: Partho S. G. Pattader
 TA:
 Mr. Aritra Mukherjee
 Mr. Khalid Jamal Ansari

 Text/References:
 M. V. Gandhi and B. S. Thompson, Smart Materials and Structures,
Chapman and Hall, 1992.
 D. J. Leo, Engineering Analysis of Smart Materials Systems, Wiley, 2007.
 M. Addington, D Schodek, Smart Materials and New Technologies,
Elsevier, Architectural Press, 2005.
 Encylopedia of Smart Materials, Vol 1& 2., Mel Schwartz, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 2002.
 A. V. Srinivasan and D. M. McFarland, Smart Structures, Cambridge
University Press, 2001.
 Journal: Smart Materials and Structures, IOP Publishing (UK).
 CL 506 - Grading Policy
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 Mid Semester Examination (30%)

 End Semester Examination (40%)
 Term Paper (10%)
 Presentation (15%)
 Attendance (05%)
 Introduction to Smart Materials
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 What is smart materials?

 Responsive materials to external stimuli
 Response should be:
 Appropriate
 Reversible
 Repeatable

Functional
Smart Materials
Materials
 Smart Structure
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 Structuresthat can sense stimuli and

respond to them in appropriate fashions

 Functions of structures:
 Vibration reduction
 Self-sensing of strain/stress
 Self-sensing of damage
 Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding
 Lightning protection
 Self-heating (e.g., de-icing)
 Strain-Stress Sensing
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 Traffic monitoring
 Building facility management
 Security
 Structural vibration control
 Different types of structures
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 Civil structures  Lightweight structures

 Buildings  Aircraft
 Bridges  Satellites
 Piers  Turbine blades
 Highways  Automobiles
 Airport runways  Bicycles
 Landfill cover  Wheelchairs
 Transportable bridges
 Smart Structure
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 Traditional Structures:
 Jobspecific
 Unable to adopt with environment

 Smart Structures:
 Adopt with environment
 Efficient to wide range of
applications
 Smart Materials
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 Multidisciplinary:
 Knowledge requires:
 Properties of smart materials
 Modeling the coupling mechanism among these
different properties of materials
 Mathematical approaches- Model to Engineering
systems
 Smart Materials
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 Domain:
 Physical quantity described by two state variables

Domain State Variables

Stress,
Mechanical
Strain
Electric field,
Electrical
Electric displacement
Temperature,
Thermal
Entropy
Magnetic field,
Magnetic
Magnetic flux
Concentration,
Chemical
Volumetric flux
 Smart Materials
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 Working principle:
 Conversion of energy among multiple domains

Elastic
Materials Electromechanical
Stress Strain Coupling Dielectric
Materials
Electric Electric
Field Disp.
 Types of Smart Materials
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 Piezoelectric materials
 Shape-memory alloys/polymers
 Magnetostrictive materials
 Magnetic shape memory alloys
 pH-sensitive polymers
 Temperature-responsive polymers
 Halochromic materials (Colour change with pH)
 Types of Smart Materials
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 Chromogenic systems (Colour change with electric,

optical and thermal stimuli )
 Ferro fluid
 Photomechanical materials
 Polycaprolactone (polymorph)
 Self-healing materials
 Dielectric elastomers (DEs) (Electroactive materials)
 Magnetocaloric materials
 Thermoelectric materials
 Smart Materials
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 Piezoelectric materials:
 Coupling between Mechanical and Electrical
domains.
 Piezoelectric Materials
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Energy generator while walking

Reverse effect
 Shape Memory Alloys (SMA)
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 Material that remembers its original shape and can revert

back to its pre-deformed shape by external stimuli.
 Example: Nitinol

Bend

Original
Shape
 Electroactive materials
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 Electric field induced shape or size changing materials-

mostly polymers, called Electroactive Polymer (EAP)

 Application: Artificial limbs, sensors, actuators, micro robots

 Sensor and Actuator
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 Sensor
 An object that senses and measures a physical quantity and
converts it into a readable signal.
 Actuator
 A type of motor that is responsible for moving or controlling a
mechanism or system.
 Smart Materials
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 Suggested reading
 Vector,Tensor
 Matrix operations