Research Quarter II Notes
Literature Review
; analyze and synthesize quality literature on
a topic
; firm foundation for a topic or research area
; a firm foundation for the selection of a
research methodology
Literature Review - discusses published
information on a particular subject within a
specific time period.
Ex. scholarly journals, books, articles,
thesis, etc.
Related Literature - is composed of
discussions of the present study's facts and
principles.
Ex. studies, inquiries, or investigations
already conducted
Types of Sources
Primary Sources - firsthand information or
original data.
Ex. thesis, diaries, interviews, photographs,
etc.
Secondary Sources - summarized,
interpreted, analyzed, or commented on info
found in primary sources.
Ex. textbooks, commentaries, history books,
biographies
Tertiary Sources - digested info from
primary and secondary sources to provide
background on a topic.
Ex. manuals, almanacs, dictionaries
Purpose
; to gain an understanding of the existing
research
; provide a concise description and critical
evaluation of the info
; identify the need for additional research
; identify the gaps in research
; understand the position of the researcher
Guidelines for Preparing the Review of
Related Literature & Studies
; search for relevant literature
; evaluate your sources
; identify themes, debates, and gaps
; outline the structure
Scientific Writing
Quoting
; identical to the original
; must match the source document
; must be attributed to the original author
Paraphrasing
; putting a section of a text into your own
words
; changes words and phrasing of the original
text
Summarizing
; putting main ideas into your own
; significantly shorter than the original
; take broader overview of the source
material
Referencing
; giving credit to original authors
; maybe a useful source of literature for
others who are interested in studying your
topic
Why do we give credit?
; provides support and adds credibility to
your writing
; refer to work that leads up to the work you
are doing now
; expand the depth of your writing
When should credit be given?
; directly quoting a source
; borrow an idea from a source
; paraphrase or summarize a source
; gain information from interviews
; illustrations you did not create yourself
; radio broadcasts, movies, podcasts
; things that are not common knowledge
Parts of a Literature Review
; introduction
; body
; conclusion
Introduction of Chapter Two
; identify the general topic to provide
context for reviewing the literature
; establish your reasons
; state the scope of the review
Body of Chapter Two
; organize the literature according to
common themes
; several readings in a paragraph to show a
clear connection between the sources
; provides analysis of both the uniqueness
and similarities of the sources
Conclusion of Chapter Two
; main agreements and disagreements on the
literature
; important aspects of the existing body of
literature
; link your research to existing knowledge
Why do we cite sources?
; acknowledge the works and ideas of other
people
; allows your reader to pursue your topic
further by reading more about it
; avoid committing plagiarism in writing
your paper
What is a bibliography?
It is a list of all the sources you have used in
writing your paper.
A bibliography should include: Narrative

; author’s name ; As Smith (2014) has shown, plagiarism is a

; the title of the works serious issue for universities.
; publisher ; Smith states that plagiarism is becoming
; dates your copies were published increasingly widespread (2014).
; page number of your sources
APA ( book referencing ) Citing Multiple Authors

author’s last name, first name initial. (year). 1 (Grey, 2021)

title. publisher. 2 (Grey & Sloan, 2021)
3-5 (Grey, Sloan, Yang, & Karev, 2021)
APA ( journal reference ) 6 (Grey et al., 2021)

author’s last name, first name initial. (year). Missing Information

title. journal name. volume. page. doi
author
APA ( book in pdf format ) ; (Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 2021)
author’s last name, first name initial. (year). ; (“All About Cancer”, 2010)
title. publisher. doi publication year
; (Gregorios, n.d.)
APA ( in-text citation ) page number
; (Gregorios, 1963, Chapter 4)
author’s last name, year, page number ; (Gregorios, 1963, para. 2)

In-text Citation

; parenthetical vs narrative
; citing multiple authors
; missing information

Parenthetical

The author claims that "plagiarism is

becoming a bigger problem" (Smith, 2014,
p.37).