Florentine Codex Book 1

General history of the things of New Spain : Florentine codex / Bernardino
de Sahagún ; [paleography, translation, introduction and notes

by Arthur J.O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble]
Bernardino, de Sahagún, 1499-1590.
Santa Fe, N.M. : School of American Research ; 1950-1982.
https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015064834677
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GRAD
F
1229
.S133
1950
pt.2
OF
UNIVERSITY
EHL
THE
1817
LIBRARIES
FLORENTINE CODEX
F
1229
S123
1750
Pt .2 Florentine Codex
General History of the Things of New Spain
FRAY BERNARDINO DE SAHAGÚN
nasto
Bayugan
be
2
Jawin
108.51
BOOK 1 — THE GODS
Translated from the Aztec into English , with notes and illustrations
By
ARTHUR J. O. ANDERSON CHARLES E. DIBBLE
School of American Research University of Utah
IN THIRTEEN PARTS
PART II
Published by
The School of American Research and The University of Utah
Monographs of The School of American Research
Number 14 , Part II Santa Fe , New Mexico 1950

COPYRIGHT 1950
THE SCHOOL OF AMERICAN RESEARCH
All Rights Reserved
1000 Copies
CONTENTS
Page Page
the
First Book Here are named the gods who were wor Fifteenth Chapter, which telleth of god named
.
shipped by the natives Omacatl 14
1
the
First Chapter which telleth highest gods who
of
Chapter which telleth the god named
of
,
Sixteenth
,
Ni
worshipped
to
were and whom sacrifices were Ixtlilton the earth stamper 15
Tlaltetecuini
)
...
times past Uitzilopochtli
in
offered [
to the ]
Seventeenth Chapter which telleth the god whose
of
,
Chapter god
of
Second which telleth named
name was Opochtli whom anciently men here
,
wor
,
Paynal who was worshipped , and whom sacri
,
shipped god 16
as
a
fices were offered ancient times
in
1
,
the
Chapter which telleth god named
of
Eighteenth
the
,
Third Chapter god
of
which telleth named

,
Xipe totec 16
Tezcatlipoca who times past was worshipped
in
,
the
god and whom offerings were made
to
2
as
Chapter which telleth god named
of
,
a
Nineteenth
,
Yacatecutli 17
Fourth Chapter which the god
of
telleth named
,
Tlaloc the priest
the
2
,
Twentieth Chapter god named
of
which telleth
,
the
20
Fifth god Napa tecutli
of
Chapter which telleth named

,
2
Quetzalcoatl
Twenty
of
first Chapter which telleth those called
,
-
the
Sixth Chapter greatest goddesses among the
be
here are noted the Tepictoton
to
who were held
,
:
the
who were worshipped natives Tlalocs 21

as
idols whom
,
falsely revered gods Ciuacoatl

3
as
the ]
of
Twenty second Chapter which telleth Tez
,
-
Seventh Chapter goddess called
of
be
here named
to
catzoncatl who also was held one the
is
,
14
:
Chocome coatl four hundred rabbits 24

the
the
Eighth Chapter here named goddess called

the
25
is
Appendix First Book

to
:
of
Mother the Gods Teteu innan who also

is
),
(
Tlalli Prologue 27
of
named Heart the Earth yiollo and

)
(
Our Grandmother Toçi

4
(
The Truth God's Word

of
paralleling
of
[ Book
the
Ninth Chapter goddess XIII

of
which one heareth 27

in
Wisdom Chapter
,
named Tzapotlan tenan

5
Chapter XIV 29
the
Chapter which telleth goddesses

of
Tenth
,
XII
the
called Ciuapipiltin Chapter 32

6
[
the
Eleventh Chapter goddess named Chapter XV

of
which telleth 33
,
Chalchiuhtli ycue who was goddess

of
the
[
,
XVI
]
waters
Chapter 33
6
Confutation 33
Twelfth Chapter
of
Tlaçolteutl
8
which telleth
[
]
,
Thirteenth Chapter which telleth gods Let him who understandeth read this well 45
of
the little
,
the
the
lesser ones who were considered very old

),
the
[
the
Behold sorrow and pity which

of
gods 11 words
Xiuhtecutli
[
[
to he
author setteth upon paper how crieth out how

;
]
,
the
for
Chapter which telleth

he
he
of
Fourteenth god named prayeth the idolators God Thus

,
.
13
Macuilxochitl and Xochipilli speaketh 46

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
following page 26
Page from Florentine Codex 20. Napa tecutli
1. Uitzilopochtli 21. Tezcatzoncatl
2. Painal
22-26 . Tepictoton (Matlalcueye, Quetzalcoatl, Chalchiuhtli
Tezcatlipoca ycue , Popocatepetl, Iztac tepetl )
3.
27. Chalchiuhtli ycue
4. Tlaloc
28.
of
Tlalocan Temple Tlaloc
)
5. Quetzalcoatl
29.
Tzapotlan tenan Chalchiuhtli ycue Chicome coat
6. Ciuacoatl
,
30.
Tlaçolteotl Confession
—
7. Chicome coatl
32. 31.
Napa tecutli
Teteu innan
8.
Tepictoton
Tzapotla tenan
9.
33.
Pantitlan Tepictoton
)
10.
Ciuapipilti 34.
Illustration from Appendix Chapter
13
,
11.
Chalchiuhtli ycue
35.
Illustration from Appendix Chapter
13
,
12.
Tlacolteutl
36. Illustration from Confutation
13. Xiuhtecutli
37. Illustration from Confutation
14.
or
Macuilxochitl Xochipilli
38. Titlacauan
15. Omacati
39. Xiuhtecutli
16. Ixtlilton
40.
Opochtli
17.
Opochtli 41. Yiacatecutli

18.
Xipe totec 42. Tezcatzoncatl

43.
19. Yiacatecutli Tepicme

Temporary Foreword
The Florentine Codex is one of three well - known manuscripts planned by Fray Bernardino de Sahagún to describe the
are
are
del
of the Aztecs. The others , both of which fragmentary
de
Palacio and Academia
la
civilization the Biblioteca
for
Historia MSS Madrid may have been field notes which Sahagún used the complete version the Florentine
in
these
,
;
the
the
the
Fr.
right
on
on
parallel Spanish
In
Codex this Bernardino wrote accounts columns left and Aztec
in
same
,
the .
.
The work was profusely illustrated The Spanish text sometimes was fuller than and sometimes only summarized
,
,
.
the
by
Aztec text From this codex stemmed Spanish texts published and probably Kingsborough
Bustamante more
,
,
.
are
his
the
century ago and these early printed versions Sahagún work Historia gen
of
than basis later editions named
de a
de ;
.
las
eral cosas Nueva España the term Florentine Codex used this Temporary Preface means Saha
in
;
the
the
famed manuscript Library Florence Italy

of
Laurentian
in
his
by
B.
copy the late Lansing
of
A
microfilm the Florentine Codex was secured Bloom who with wife was
in
1938
,
various European this and other important manuscripts mostly relating South
to
to
to
of
Libraries microfilms
—
sent secure
western history Mr. and Mrs. Bloom performed The project was joint
of of
wonders the face considerable difficulties
in
a
of .
.
the
the
the
undertaking University
of
School American Research New Mexico and Bandelier Centennial

,
,
Committee
.
As the
of the
negatives were delivered
of
of
The microfilm late Dr. E. Hewett then Director
to
in L.
School American Research
,
the
the
the the
for
prime mover securing the copy
of
of
and Museum New Mexico the Florentine Codex
in
1939.
,
its
being published anthropologist recognized

of
he
he
an
as
School American Research was interested and
in
,
,
;
necessity complete English translation which only into any language
of
of
of
the Aztec little had been translated

a
a
,
the .
the
by
of
First photographic enlargements were made from negatives Miss Bertha Dutton and Miss Hulda Hobbs
P.
,
,
the
One copy remained with and another was deposited

of
of
School American Research School American Research
,
.
the
of for
the for
additional security with the University Morley arranged
G.
Dr. Sylvanus
of
New Mexico Later distribution

,
.
four additional copies American universities and other institutions which were interested and with Mexican Gov
in
,
five
not
for
was stipulated that these copies were published period

of
be
to
ernment years
It
..
the.
the
the
eighteen months during which Dr. Morley was Director
of
of
of
In
School American Research and Museum

the
the
for
by
on
the plans started Sahagún’s immor

of
of
he
New Mexico carried Dr. Hewett translation Aztec text

,
for
proce
tal
project which some years been interested seeing through
of
he
Historia also had The final outline

in
a
,
.
He
his
dure was completed just before last illness would undoubtedly have been deeply concerned with and infinitely
.
helpful
he
progress had lived

its
in
Dr.
the
out
To
the
carry translating Sahagún’s magnum opus Morley brought

of
of
considerable task twelve books

to ,
the
the
the
the
together only two scholars prepared
he
be
United States whom work

at
to
knew time undertake

in in
.
his
O.
on
E.
Dr. Chatles Dibble's studies the Mexican field had aroused admiration Dr. Arthur Anderson the
J.
,
.
By
for
Dr. Morley and Dr. Hewett had been studying Nahuatl

of
instance arrangement with Dr.
R.
A.
some years
,
Olpin President the University Utah Dr. Dibble's teaching schedule the University was modified
of
the of
he
at
so
that
,
,
his
project Dr. Morley similarly made adjustments

of
could devote half Dr. Anderson's

to
time translation with

.
of
New Mexico
at
time the Museum

.
by
the
The plan developed Dr. Morley Dr. Dibble and Dr. Anderson Sahagún's
of
to
as
was translate dozen books

,
in ,
Historia singly and not necessarily the order which they appear the Florentine Codex and the printed Spanish
in
in
the
publish completed XIII Monograph

of
of
of
aa
II
to
as
as
and French editions and them Parts School American

,
,
-
the
all
University appear last

the of
of
of
Publication Utah Part

to
to
Research and was and include Preface and

a
a
,
.
the
the
other introductory Bibliography and part was fully

of
be
material Table Contents General Index Each

to
,
,
.
the
clarity reproduced
of
be
Troncoso illustrations
to
illustrated and because their unusual Paso were

y
,
These plans are being carried out

.
the
As
procedure Dr. Morley urged that product readable English The compilation Fray
of
be
to
translation
in
,
.
the
the
so
Sahagún anthropologist regarded major source book

de
be
to
to to
as
Bernardino valuable and historian was

a
,
,
for
yet
the
the
presented general reader Taking advan

of
of
be
to
to
so
as
student value the scholar and interest

,
tage English syntax put into English such

of
to
some broad similarities between and Aztec the translators were

it
,
closely possible that the original Since the Spanish text

of
of
as
as
that the structure the translations would resemble

.
the
the
the
was Sahagún's sixteenth century Spanish English parallel
of of
of Nahuatl was
to
Florentine Codex translation
,
,
-
the
the the
feeling Sahagún’s Spanish through employment
of
late Renaissance occasional archaisms which
in
sense
a
the
the
might give something atmosphere King James version This procedure precludes
of
of
of
Bible while
it
it
,
a
.
felt
for
precise duplicate English still preserve sufficient accu
be
translation which would word word would was
in
it
,
,
a
,
-
-
)
the meaning
of
racy presentation
of
the Aztec version
its
in
.
less
, not
possible linguistic study
of
an
or
A
A
flexible rendition would course have been interlinear however was
;
,
,
to .
the
the
for
the
contemplated linguist and any who would wish accuracy
of
this translation For check translation
in
,
.
faithfully reproduced
of
be
the Aztec
to
the Florentine Codex was
.
the
This procedure attempted
to
translators have follow
.
the
project completed
If
when total translation the translators produced work sufficiently accurate
to
have convey
is
,
a
,
the
the
the
use
reliably meaning and ethnologist they will have sufficiently
of
of
be
to
Aztec and thus historian accom
,
,
plished their purpose
.
hoy
Rey
Long
w
a
A. celepin
President
OLPIN BOAZ LONG
Director
University
of
of
Utah School American Research
TRANSLATORS NOTE
of the
the
acknowledge encouragement and coöperation Boaz Long
of
of
The translators wish Hon Director
to
School
the ,
.
the
Olpin University
R.
A.
of
of
of
of
New Mexico Dr. Utah
of
American Research and Museum President
,
,
of the
Ely Executive Secretary University Col

O.
G.
of
of
of
Albert Museum New Mexico and Dean Meredith Wilson
,
;
,
the
the
lege Dr. Harold W. Bentley University De
of
of
E.
Director Utah Press and Dr. Adamson Hoebel Head

,
all ,
,
partment Anthropology the University Utah They also express their gratitude their right hand
of
of
of
to
man
,
,
-
.
Miss their wives for their unusual forbearance

Io
to
Maison and
,
.
De los Dioses
FIRST BOOK . HERE ARE NAMED THE GODS INIC CE AMUXTLI : VNCAN MOTENEOA , IN
WHO WERE WORSHIPPED BY THE NATIVES . TETEUH : IN QUJNMOTEUTIAIA IN NICAN
TLACA .
the
First Chapter , capitulo
yn
ce
gods Jnic
oc
which telleth of highest who yntechpa clatoa cenca tlapanauja
,
in ?
yn
yn
yn
qujntlamanjliaia
to
were worshipped and whom sacrifices were offered times teteuh qujnmoteutiaia yoan
ie
,
,
. :
past vecauh
.
the
Humming bird from Left Uitzilopochtli was Vitzilubuchtli can

çan maceoalli çan tlacatl catca naoalli
,
),
[ (
:
[
an ]
:
2
He
only just tetzaujtl atlacacemelle teixcuepanj qujiocoianj iaoiutl
in
common man man was sorcerer
,
a
a a
:
,
.”
,
]
iaotecanj iaotlatoanj
, of
evil
of
omen madman deceiver creator war
,
,
;
a
,
a
,
:
an
instigator
of
war lord war

-
yn
of
For brought hunger and plague
ca
he
was said itechpa mjtoaia tepan qujtlaça xiuhcoatl
in
him that
it
,
him
yn
for
-that
aa
war And when feast was celebrated mamalhoaztli iaoiutl teuatl tlachinolli Auh jquac
is
.q
],
,
,
n
(
."
.
.
yn
captives were slain ceremonially bathed slaves were offered ilhujqujxtiloia malmjcoaia tlaaltilmjcoaia tealtiaia
,
;
:
up The merchants bathed them pochteca
."
.
.
ear
ynjc muchichioaia
he
an
was thus arrayed pendant xiuh

the of
Auh
he
And had blue xiuhtotonacoche catca
,
-
:
:
the
coanaoale xiuhtlalpile matacaxe tzitzile oiuoalle

he
cotinga feathers had fire serpent disguise blue

;
,
,
.
netted cloth the arm band He wore rattles and shells
.
,
He
the
Second Chapter which telleth vme capitulo pay
yn
yn
god named Jnic ytechpa tlatoa jtoca
of
who teutl
,
,
yn
Paynal who was worshipped nal qujmoteutiaia yoan qujtlamanjliaia

to
Hasteneth and whom uecauh
in
ie
, ,
,
(
.
in
sacrifices were offered ancient times

.
the
the
Paynal was delegate

the substitute deputy Paynal motepatillotianj moteixiptlatianj tepan mixeoa
;
,
,
”
:
"
"
"
"
"
yn
Uitzilopochtli
he
nj
represented
ca
because when there was iehica qujmixiptlatiaia vitzilubuchtli iquac
in
on a
,
:
He was named Paynal because paynal ipampa

he
qujtoto
ca
procession pressed tlaiaoaloaia motocaiotia
,
cenca
,
,
.
10
and urged them ahead tzaia qujmotlalochtiaia
,
.
...
del
The corresponding Spanish text Capitulo primero que habla principal dios
of
3. .p 2. 1.
the Florentine Codex reads
"
,
.
"
:
A.
Eduard Seler Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Amerikanischen Sprach- und Alterthumskunde Berlin Asher Co. 1902-23 Vol
in
&
,
,
(
)
:
.
as
to
II
423 refers him nur ein Stammhetos

>
,
.
the
Uitzilopochtli was only

an
Seler thus phrases passage man magician unlucky omen wicked rogue one who deluded the people
,
a
a
,
,
"
:
.pt
Cambridge Mass Carnegie Institution Washington

of
with visions —Collected Works 1939 Vol

),
.p
,
II,
; ,
.:
) 4
4
.”
.
de
de
ou
Cf. Rémi Siméon Dictionnaire langue nahuatl Paris Imprimerie Nationale

la 4.
mexicaine 1885 and Andrés Olmos Grammaire

la
...
, , (
,
ou :
:
de the
the
de
he
langue nahuatl mexicaine Paris Imprimerie Nationale

of
1875 229. him related that throws xiuhcoat and

.p
is
.p it
,
“
(
)
:
fire
the
op
.pt
IV cit
war water spear hrowing and people Vol 218 Cf. also Bernardino Sahagún Historia
at
fire borer Seler

...
las e
de i,
.,
, , .,
II,
3,
,
.
(
(
)
-
.
-t
de
de
general cosas Nueva España México Pedro Robredo 1938 Vol 102 nuestro dios Vitzilopuchtli usaba dos cosas
y p
,
,
,
"
:
(
las en
se
para contra sus enemigos para aterrarlos ahuyentarlos una llama ziucóatl otra mamalhoaztli tenía por cetro real mano
él
la
la
la
y
y
;
.
.
.
de
en
no
una culebra hecha mosaico que llaman xiucóatl derecha sino tortuosa combada aquella siendo vivo como nigromántico batallas
” y
,
,
o
,
,
los
los
como gran serpiente viva echaba sobre enemigos con que espantaba hacia huir
la
.pp
op
Vol
, cf.
cf.
thecit
as
The meaning Sahagún

or
or
to
to
6. 5.
offer tealtia
sacrifice bathe anoint 370 384
is
a
(
.,
II,
,
)
.p (
)
.
.
425
Cf. ibid
III
Vol Vol
as
164. Seler Gesammelte Abhandlungen identifies bird Cotinga cincta coerulea and suggests
.p
.,
s
,
II,
,
(
.
. .
.
.op
cit
that the feathers were arranged mosaic pattern Siméon 699 calls the bird Herbarum avis Hern
in
, p
a
.,
.)
.
.
.op
.op
cit
an
Vol Vol
cit
426. Sahagún 379 suggests that such clothing was sometimes worn about the
of
8. . 7.
Seler article
.p
.p
,
.,
II,
.,
II,
.
hips
.pp
.op
.op
cit
Vol Vol
cit
Vol 223 and Sahagún 380 say the arm band was provided with
as a or
Seler 144 and hole

del of se In p
.p
a
,
.,
II,
of ,
.,
II,
,
I
-
.
is de
as
the Spanish text the Florentine Codex Lib 371 Sahagún defines matacaxtli pellejo
to
fo
reed insert decoration bestia fiera

a
,
,
II,
"
.
the
del
40
en
.pt
manera manipulo que usa missa Cf. also Seler Collected Works Vol who says that same
la
it
(
,
.”
II,
3,
,
)
.
quetzalmapancatl See illus Uitzilopochtli

.
the
on
The MS Biblioteca reads tzitzilli oyoalli icxican that they were worn the legs.-
of
9.
Palacio indication calves Seler

in
,
,
,
.pp
Gesammelte Abhandlungen Vol 427-8

, II
,
,
.
.
10.
as
Sahagún Florentine Codex corresponding Spanish text describes Paynal ligero apresurado
(
.
1
the
the
And people followed impersonator jostling Auh maceoalti qujtocaia qujtlalochtocaia coiohujtiuja
in
,
),
,
[
the
the
howling roaring They made dust rise they caused quicaoatztiuja teuhtli quiquetztiuja tlalli qujpopotztiuja
,
;
.
:
ground smoke Like people possessed they stamped upon iuhqujn tlaixqujqujça tlalli tetecujca
. to
:
.
the earth
the
his
ce
And one man carried image auh tlacatl qujnapalotiuja
in
arms.11
.
]
the
Auh ynjc muchichioaia teuquemetiuja quetzalapanecaiutl
he
was garbed costly
he
And was adorned thus
in
,
:
the
contlalitiuja ixoacalichioale mixcitlal
of
precious feathers quetzal ixcitlalichioale
12
cape
in
with feather head-
,
,
,
of ,
-
the
coastal people Bars were painted
ornament manner ichiuh xiuhiacamjoa vitzitzilnaoale eltezcaoa xiuhchimale
; in
.
.
his
on
face and star design He had

a turquoise nose plug
a
.
.
the
the
His was humming bird disguise He had breast
.
set
turquoise
of
he
mirror with
aa
aa
had shield mosaic
;
.
the
,ey
Third Chapter capitulo
yn
god named Smoking Jnic ytechpa tlatoa jtoca tezcatl
of
which telleth teutl
in
,
,
,
Mirror Tezcatlipoca who times past was worshipped ipoca qujmoteutiaia yoan qujtlamanjliaia uecauh
)>
in
in
in
,
ie
,
,
, (
.
god whom offerings were made
to
as
and
a
vel
Tezcatlipoca He was considered true god whose Tezcatlipoca ynin teutl ipan machoia noujian
,
a
:
:
the
the
In
tlalticpac ylhujcac
on
abode was everywhere ynemjian jquac nemja
of
land dead mictla
—
,,
earth
in
.
, :
the
tlalticpac iehoatl qujiolitiaja

on
brought
he
he
and heaven When walked earth teuhtli tlacolli cococ
in
in
,
:
.
sin
vice and He introduced anguish and affliction teupouhquj qujteittitiaia
,
.
.
He brought among people tenepantla ipampa mjtoaia
he
discord wherefore was tetzalā motecaia necoc
y
,
,
:
the
.” "
All
on
enemy iautl muchi qujiocoiaia qujtemoujaja qujteecaujltiaia
to
called two sides evils which came
,
"
yn
jxquich aqualli tepan
all
brought afflicting qujtecujtiaia teca

he
men these created down men muchioaia

,
[
:
]
,
the
and dividing them one against other maujltiaia tequequeloaia
,
[
.
— )
he
And sometimes bestowed riches wealth Auh quenman qujtemacaia necujltonolli
in in
in
heroism
in
,
:
,
position dignity rulership nobility tlatqujtl oqujchiotl
of
honor
in
valor tiacauhiutl tecuiotl
in in
in
,
,
.
tlatocaiutl pillotl mauizçotl
in
,
.
Jnjc nauj capitulo
the
Fourth Chapter
yn
yn
rain- god named ytechpa
of
which telleth tlatoaia teutl ſtoca

,
,
[
Tlaloc the priest.18 tlaloc tlamacazquj

,
,
Tlaloc the priest To him was attributed the rain for Tlaloc tlamacazquj
. ynjn ipan machoia qujiaujtl
in
;
,
.
, :
quijaujtl
he
he
he
to
made caused come down scattered the iehoatl quiiocoaia qujtemoujaia qujpixoaia
it
ca
in
it
,
,
,
rain like seed and also the hail He caused sprout yoan teciujtl quixotlaltiaja qujtzmolinaltiaja qujxoxuvi
to
to
in
,
,
,
to .
:
the
the
leaf out ripen plants altiaja quicueponaltiaja quizcaltiaia quaujtl

to
by to
trees cacatl
in
in
in in
blossom bloom
,
, ,
,
no
Yoan itech tlamjloia teilaqujliztli

of
in
our food And also him were made floods water and tonacaiotl
,
.
.
thunder bolts tlaujtequjliztli

.
-
.
his
face was thickly painted

his he
And was thus decorated Auh ynjc muchichioaia tlaixtlilpopotzalli tlaixolhujlli

,
,
:
face was painted with liquid rubber aiauh

14
black was motliloçac ixmjchioave ixmichioauhio auachxicole

it
,
,
,
;
,
,
was
his
no
anointed with black face spotted with paste xicole aztatzone chalchiuhcozque poçulcaque tzitzile
;
,
,
,
a
[
He
of
aa
sleeveless cloud jacket

of
amaranth seeds.15 had aztapilpane

]
; -
.
of
he
he
netted fabric had crown heron feathers had

of ;
He
necklace green stone jewels had foam sandals and

,
a
plaited reed banner

16
also rattles He had

a
-
.
.
the
Jnic macujlli capitulo

yn
yn
Fifth Chapter god named Plumed ytechpa tlatoa

of
which telleth teutl jtoca

,
,
,
Serpent Quetzalcoatl quetzalcoatl

(
.
).
12.11.
cit
the impersonator the image was carried

After the sacrifice procession
—
of
Loc
in
,
the
44
.pt
as
costly robe made entirely precious feathers worn over jacket

of
Seler Collected Works Vol defines xicolli

.p
it
it a
,
II,
3,
(
(
) )
)
.
an
on
ape worn over the jacket probably apron like garment placed
of
and the tzitzicaztilmatli was the front the idols

;
.
2, (c
13.
46
.pt
Seler ibid says that tlamacazcatl and tlamacazqui mean pious and priest He himself translates Tlaloc tlamacazqui
.p
.,
.”
"
"
"
(
)
as
Regengott
de
Regenpriester Einige Kapitel aus dem Geschichtswerk des Fray Bernardino Sahagun aus dem Aztekischen wortgetreu
in
"
,
.
"
eds
übersetzt Caecelie Seler Sachs Walter Lehmann Walter Krickeberg Stuttgart Stecker und Schroeder 1927 Vol
.;
.p
,
,
,
3
,
, I
(
" -
)
:
.
16.15.14.
loc
im
cit
Seler Gesicht eine Bepinselung mit flüssigem Kautschuk

.”
(
.)
:
.
see
.pp
Cf. Sahagún Historia general Vol 185 also Seler Gesammelte Abhandlungen Vol 443.4
.p
;
,
.p ,
I,
II,
.
.
.op
cit
Cf. Sahagún Vol 143

,
.,
,
I
.
2
of the
the
yn
Quetzalcoatl —he was wind guide and road- Quetzalcoatl ehecatl ynteiacancauh yntlachpancauh
:
17
the
the
the
yn
yn
yn
sweeper rain gods tlaloque aoaque jquac qujqujiauhti
of
of
, the of
masters water Auh
in
",
,
?
.
the
those who brought rain And when wind rose when molhuja eheca mjtoa teuhtli quaqualaca ycoioca tetecujca
,
,
,
, :
,
.
, din
dust rumbled and crackled and there was great tlatlaiooa tlatlalpitza tlatlatzinj motlatlaueltia
it
,
,
a
.
and became dark and the wind blew many directions
in
it
and thundered then was said
it
Quetzalcoatl
is
it
;
[
"
]
:
wrathful
”
.
yn
bedight а Auh yujn mjxtlilpopotz
he
And thus was ocelocopile
18
he
had conical ocelot skin muchichioaia
,
a
:
:
-
cap His face was thickly smeared with soot He was adorned hecanechioale mizqujnechioale tricoliuhcanacoche teu
,
.
.
with spiral wind and mesquite symbols.1 He had cujtlaacuechcozque quetzalcoxollamamale ocelotzitzile
,
,
,
a
, [
'
He
ear
gold
no
curved turquoise mosaic pendant.20 wore icpaomjcicujle hecacozcachimale hecaujque poçulcaque
,
a
-
.
the
sea
of
neckband small shells.21 He had quetzal pheasant

-
-
on
his back He had ocelot anklets with rattles

as
burden
a
the .
He
He wore cotton bone -ribbed jacket.22 carried
a
shield with the wind shell design.23 He had the curved

-
spear thrower
24
inlaid and also foam sandals

[
.
Jnjc chiquacē capitulo
the the
are
Sixth Chapter yn
oC
here noted greatest goddesses who vncan moteneoa
,
:
:
yn yn
yn
were worshipped natives falsely revered tlapanauja qujnmoteutiaia
in
as
idols whom cenca cioateteu

,
,
:
as
gods qujnteutlapiqujaia njcan tlaca

.
.
Cioacoatl tequanj yoan tetzaujtl tetetzaujanj icnoiutl
ill
The savage Snake woman Ciuacoatl omened and

),
,
:
(
-
-
qujteittitia
ca
brought men misery For She giveth mjtoaia victli mecapalli qujtemacaia
25
dreadful was said
ic
it
the ,
,
.
"
:
:
men hoe and tump line Thus she forceth men temotlaia
to
[
-
.
.
work
].
”
she
she
And when appeared before men was covered with Auh ynjc moteittitiaia motenextiliaia iuhqujn tec
,
,
:
pan
ear
like lady with obsidian plugs cioatl nanacoche itznacoche iztaian moquetza iztaian
,
,
chalk court She was
,
,
a
/
-
vel
yn
white having garbed herself white pure white Her yсaia panj qujquetza
in
in
in
actica iztacatla iztazticac

,
,
,
,
..
two
like
her
yn
tightly wound hairdress rose horns above head jneaxtlaoal jaxtlacujl
,
, ,
.
By
night she walked weeping and wailing
nó
dread phan- ioaltica chocatinenca tecciouhtinenca lautetzauju
,
,
a
tom foreboding war.26 catca

.
yn
yn
And this wise was her image adorned her face was Auh yuj yxiptla jxaiac centlacochi
in
muchichioaia
,
:
27
She
had
half
half
one
one
red
painted black head dress chiltic centlacotliltic yujquatzone teucujtlanacoche quech

aa
,
,
,
,
.
-
-
ear
and golden plugs xiuhtzotzopace

of
queme
28
eagle feathers She wore

.
a
[
,
]
.
the
Cf.
17.
.pp
London and Aylesbury Hazell Watson and Viney Ltd. 1901
Aubin Collection
of
Eduard Seler Tonalamatl 42-3 and
de in ;
,
,
(
)
:
the
52.
.pp
47
de
Juan Torquemada Monarquia indiana Vol

The connection between Quetzalcoad and
and Tlalocs illustrated this
is
,
II,
.op :
los
, un
el de cit
passage Sahagún Vol 263 Esta gente atribuía viento dios que llamaban Quetzalcoatl bien casi como dios
el
.p
,
(
.,
II,
"
)
:
.
de
de
de
vientos Sopla viento cuatro partes del mundo por mandamiento este dios según ellos decían una parte viene hacia oriente
el
el
la
;
.
no
es
donde ellos dicen estar paraíso terrenal cual llaman Tlalocan este viento llamaban clalocáyotl viento furioso cuando sopla
le
él
al
y
a
;
,
,
)
(
las
no
impide canoas andar por agua

el
a
.”
(
)
18.
.op
cit
Conical shape not specifically implied but the definition copilli the conical cap
of
Siméon mitre Furthermore

in
is
is
is
;
a
,
(
.)
distinguishing trait
of
Quetzalcoatl
.
see
the
19.
.pp
as
Wind painting according Gesammelte Abhandlungen Vol
— to
of
Seler 435 also 436 and 437 Parts costume

.p
,
the ,
;
II,
,
.
(
-
)
.
the
the
for
de
de
cf.
rounded edges lengua

of
, of
illustrated hint wind dress maxtlatl instance Ichuia Alonso Molina Vocabulario
la
,
,
ed -
:
.
" G.
Leipzig
it B.
mexicana Julio Platzmann Teubner 1880

.;
., ,
(
)
:
.
ibid
in 20.
....
den dornig gekrümmten Ohrpflock corresponding Spanish text Sahagún writing more fully
In
Eduard Seler 435 calls

.p
(
.”
,
)
the
de
de
than Aztec text says Tenja vnas orejeras turquesas labor mosayco The word tzitzitl means turquoise used mosaic work
in
,
,
,
,
"
"
:
.
.op
cit
Siméon
,
(
.).
de
de
vn
21. The corresponding Spanish text Sahagún reads tenja que colgauan vnos caracolitos mariscos preciosos
of
collar oro
,
,
"
."
:
.op
cit
22. See Eduard Seler 435

.p
,
.,
de
23. Sahagún's corresponding Spanish text has yna rodela con yna pintura con cinco angulos que llaman joel viento The term
el
,
.”
" "
as :
:
be
as
ecacozcachimalli may translated more literally shield with pendant shell design bisected shell design usually hangs
A
breast shield
a
”
See
.
the
on
on
representations Quetzalcoatl this same design appears

of
of
shield Tonalamatl Codex Borbonicus

;
.)
.
de
24. Corresponding Spanish text says era como empuñadora espada

"
."
:
25.
II
by
Historia general Vol

so
Cf. also tetzauhcoatl species Sahagún named because mata con espanto
of
snake mentioned 206

.p
,
.”
"
(
)
.
.pp
26. This explained ibid Vol

in
281 284
is
.,
II,
,
.
27. See illustration which indicates that the part

of
the face below the nose black

is
,
are.
28.
eagle feathers His citations from the Hymn

59
convincing Cf. Collected Works Vol

.pt
as
of
Seler translates this Ciuacoatl

.p
,
II,
4,
.
.
3
cape - like over - garment . She carried a turquoise -colored
weaving -stick .
Jnic chicome capitulo
the
Seventh Chapter : cioateutl
yn
here is named goddess called vncan moteneoa yn
:
:
,
chicome coatl
29
Seven Snake Chicome coatl jtoca
.
(
).
Chicome this one represented Chicome iehoatl ipan mjxeoaia qujmjxiptlatiaia
in
coatl coatl
30 —
and
, in
had her
,
[
:
charge our tonacaiotl yoan çaço tlein ynenca yiolca maceoalli ynjoa
of
food men's livelihoods whatever sort their
in
,
,
;
,
:
food and drink ynqualo
.
.
And this manner was she adorned her face was painted Auh yujn ynnechichioale
in
catca ixtlauhxaoale amacale
, ,
:
;
red
she
she
no
with ochre had paper headdress wore shirt axochiavipile axochiacueie poçulcaque tonalchimale
,
;
a
a
31
Cornamented with water flowers and skirt Cornamented tonatiuhchimale
a
; ]
.
-
32
with water flowers also she had foam sandals she carried
;
-
]
sun flower shield sun shield

,
a
a
the
Eighth Chapter Jnic chicuei capitulo
yn
yn
here named goddess called the vncã moteneoa cioateutl
is
,
,
,
:
:
the
no
jtoca Teteu ynna Tlalli yiollo yoan Toçi
of
Mother Gods Teteu innan who also named motocaiotia
is
,
,
(
.
)
:
the
Tlalli yiollo and Our Grandmother

of
Heart Earth
(
Toci
(
).
yn
the gods Her
in
of
titici
in
She was the mother devotees were Jnnā catca qujmoteutiaja
,
,
teteu
.
,
the
physicians leeches those who cured sickness
of
intes- teitzmjnque tetzinanque tetlanoqujlique teixpatique
,
.
tines those who purged people and eye doctors
,
,
.
]
yn
Also women midwives those who brought about abor- Auh cioa temjxiujtique tepillalilique tetlatlaxilique
,
,
,
,
the
by
tions who read future who cast auguries looking tlapouhque atlan teittanj tlaolchaiauhque mecatlapouhque
,
,
,
,
by
upon water casting grains tetlacujcujlique tetlanocujlanque teixocujlanque

of
or
who read fortunes

corn
,
,
.
by
by
removing
of
use knotted cords who cured sickness

,
the
body who removed worms

or
stones obsidian knives from

,
to the
from the teeth who removed worms from eyes

,
sweat houses prayed No iehoantin

of
owners her wherefore qujtlatlauhtiaia
in
Likewise temazcaleque ypampa
,
;
,y
;
-
her
the
the
they caused image placed quitlaliliaia yn jxiptla temazcalixquac qujtocaiotiaia

of
be
front
to
in
in
,
,
her
the
They called temazcalteci

of
sweat house Grandmother Baths

.
”
"
.
.
-
yn
And when there was feast when was time for the Auh jquac ilhujqujxtililoia imjquiztequippa
in
in
it
yn ie
,
ie
a
:
the
slaying physicians were good her who impersonated iehoantin titici jxiptla catca teteu ynna qujtlaoculpo
to
in
,
,
she
vel
Teteu innan that might not weep nor whine They poloaia amo chocaia queelelqujxtiaia qujtlanenectiaia
(
,
,
.
her
her
her
solaced they flattered they satisfied caprices qujtlanenequjltiaia qujceceltiaia haqujchoctlanja qujtla
hid ;
, ,
,
;
;
her
her
not
they amused They wished weep They tlahtitiaia momjquizquequeloaia qujnecaliltiaia qujiao
to
,
.
.
her
they made merry with one another qujtlacaoachiliaia coiuujaia

34
fate from her chioaia tlauiznextiloia

,
,
,
,
;
[
about slaughter they battled they made war they cried netlauizmacoia netlauhtiloia qujmjliuhca muchioaia
in
in
;
,
;
ic :
qujmotzacujli
an
array quintiçaujaia qujnpotonjaia

of
There was warriors

as
war cries battle tiiacaoa

in
ic
if
,
,
;
.
-
the
insignia were given and gifts valiant soldiers adorned tiuja panj moquetzaia
ic
,
;
[
with mantles painted with white chalk adorned with

,
,
of .up
feathers surrounded her and took her

,
the
the
yn
yn
ce
And when she who was likeness goddess was Auh jquac onmjc jxiptla njman tlacatl
,
:
[
yn
on
man put her skin onmaqujaia jeoaio ynnepantla oalmoquetzaia

as
slain then shirt and stood vmentin

,
,
a
,
his
ycuexoa qujujcaia qujtzatzacutiujia

on
of
35
between two Huaxtecs who accompanied him

,
:
,
either side
.
29
which explains the name

29. See Plate
,
30. Since Chicome coat was goddess maize this section may refer
to
to
of
of
the various uses maize which was basic Mexican civilization

,
31. Cf. Eduard Seler Gesammelte Abhandlungen Vol 446

.p
( ,
II,
.
.
, 32.
.op
he
cit
as
Although Seler cites Sahagún referring feathers Illustrations show the gods wearing
to
444 uses the term foam

.p
.,
,
”
,
"
)
fact feathered sandals

in
detail See Angel María Garibay

de
33. Sahagún describes these words Paralipómenos Sahagún Tlalocan Vol No. 1947
in
in
K
”,
3
,
II,
,
"
)
:
.
pp 235.54
.
.
.pp
, .op
.p cit
34. Cf. also Sahagún Vol 100 176

,
.,
,
I
.
sus
the
35.
.op
de
cit
Einige Kapitel Cf. also Sahagún 178 referring Toçi festival ellos aquellos devotos que
to
6.
Seler iban delante

.p
"
,
.,
:
se
llaman icuexóan
”
.
4
They were painted with white chalk , and with [ marks motiçauique , motlotloujtecque , çan pepetlauhtiuj, in
for
like ] hawk scratches . They went naked , with aa rope a memecamaxtli amacalli qujmama mahmalacaquetzallo
in
,
a
:
breech clout They carried
on
their backs paper mitre- ichcaxochiio hiujquetzallo
,
a
:
.
shaped cap - which had protruding spindle cotton flowers
,
a
,
to 36
and quetzal feathers
yn
They brought him Toci's temple where they had placed quauhtlapechco contlaliaia
in
vmpa concaoa tocititlan
:
37
the
impersonator's skin upon wooden bench.3 jeoaio
.
]
[
Auh ynjc nechichioale qujmo
of
And the costume Teteu innan was motenolcopi tlaxapuchtli
as
follows there
,
on [
yn
was liquid rubber
on
her lips and tlatlalili jcamapā
of
circle rubber ichcaxochioa çoiatemale cuechcueie
,
a
)
ball with mjtoa citlalli ycue citlalcueie quavivih
mjtoa
aa aа
each cheek She had cotton flowers.38 She had mocuechcueti
ic
ic
,
,
,,
::
.
juipil
yn
palm strips She had
aa
shell covered skirt called star skirt tzetzeliuhquj quauhtzetzeliuhquj iztac quavihujio
,
the .
her.
-
yn
She had star skirt Eagle feathers were strewn over quauhteuitzço jchimal teucujtlaytixapo totoicxiio
,
.
-
skirt was strewn with eagle feathers had white popoa izqujce
—
it
];
.
,
it
[
eagle feathers pointed eagle feathers Her shield had
a
,
golden disc the center She carried . the medicinal herb

in
,
.
totoicxitl She used she carried aa

aa
broom broom
;
.
.
the
Ninth Chapter Jnje chicunauj
yn
goddess capitulo
of
which one heareth vncan moteneoa cioateutl
of in
,
,
,
:
yn
named the Goddess Zapotlan Tzapotlan tenan jtoca Tzaputla tena
(
.
).
Ce
yn
represented From her substance ipan mjxeoaia oxitl ynacaio muchioaia
as
She was woman cioatl
,
,
a
:
[
.
]
was made turpentine

.
yn
yn
aqujn quaxocociuj
of
the the 89
She healed men's bodies those with itch the head quipaleuja tozca
;
tenacaio
;
,
,
the
mjiaoaciuj chaquachiuj quaçaoati

on on
they who were hoarse used turpentine unguent motozcaoxiuja xotza
,
:
they used pimples ianj tentzaianj ixteteçonauj mateteçonauj icxitzatzaianj
or
throat who had sores

;
it
,
,
,
]
[
the
yn
lips face hands
or
40
tlaxcaliciuj
of
cracks skin yoan qualo

in
head the feet in

;
:
for
legs
or
and when was eaten was used the

it
it
;
]
,
its 41
tortilla sickness
.
-
vel
yn
yn
mieccan monequj
Its
oil
advantage jchiaoaca itonal

to
and heat were used indeed

in
.
many places
.
the
yn
yn
And when feast day was celebrated they who sold Auh jquac ilhujquixtiloia oxinamacaque motlaca
,
,
,
the
yn
turpentine unguent bought slaves and slew them They coujaia tlacamjctiaia qujtzooallotiaia jxiptla qujcujca
,
,
.
her
yn
image dough qujteponacilhujaia caiotzotzonjlia

of
of
fashioned amaranth seeds and tiaia iveveiooan
,
a
,
the (
42
old
her
for
maize Her men sang they beat two toned caioujtequjlia caiacachilhuja comjchicaoacilhuja
,
,
2
;
“
.
.
-
the
wooden drum and turtle shell drum they rattled rattles

,
;
-
shaped like dried poppy seed pods and they rattled bone
48
,
-
rattles
.
Jnjc
on
Thus was she arrayed two spots were painted her nechichioale omexaoale amacale olchachapanquj
,
,
:
yn
paper crown large drops liquid rubber tlaolchipinilli jamacal yoan quetzalmjiaoaio
of
face she had aiuchi

,
,
;
and small drops were spattered over her paper crown and caoace
.
,
had quetzal feathers arranged

to
resemble corn tassels

it
.
-
44
She carried the mist rattleboard

.
-
36. See Plate

8
.
.op
cit
37. Sahagún Vol 182 calls garita

.p
del it
,
.,
,
I
.
are
38.
.pp
Cf. text and illus MS Gesammelte Abhandlungen Vol de

in
Biblioteca Palacio cited Seler 468-9 which these

in
in
,
II,
,
of .
.
veas
scribed head band unspun cotton

a
...
-
.
de
en
39. bubas sarna que nace cabeça corresponding Spanish text

la
una manera
...
o
)
"
,
,
.) .
(
loc
cit
en
40.
es
otra enfermedad casi mismo que nace cabeça que como bubas
la
"
.
"
(
:
.
41
41. See 130

.p
n
,
.
las
M.
de
de
de
de
42. Cf. Diego Durán Historia Nueva España

F.
Indias islas Tierra Firme México Andrade Escalante 1867-80

J.
y
,
(
)
:
Vol 197
.p
II,
.
.op
cit
de
43. Ayacachtli sonajas hechas manera dormideras Molina

a
,
.
"
"
. ).
Cf.
, 44.
Eduard Seler Gesammelte Abhandlungen Vol 474 and Einige Kapitel The same
p
Nebel Rasselbrett cloud rattleboard

.p
,
.7
de ;
(
II,
( -
-
.
).
:
los
Sahagún Historia general Vol says Esta yoz ayochicauaztli significa evidentemente
V
author cited Los cantares dioses

de lo
it
”
,
de ("
"
de )
)
:
.
.
en
mismo merced una leve variación modo pronunciar tomó origen ayauhchica uaztli Servía instrumento para encantamiento
el
el
y
...
a
...
,
la .
del
.pp
los
Agua
de
en
de
47-8 sonaja instrumento musical que traen

El
lluvia chicauaztli báculo mano dioses Lluvia

la
la
y
);
la ,
,
"
"
(
.
...
.
En
los
de
en
de
Es
procesión sacerdotes Etzalqualiztli llevan delante ayauchicauaztli sonaja niebla instrumento mágico con que
el
el
la
,
,
,
.
5
the
Tenth Chapter , capitulo
yn
which telleth of goddesses called Jnic matlactli yntechpa tlatoa cioateteu
,
(
:
the
Ciuapipiltin cioapipilti
45
Princesses
:
(
).
Of
yn
whose images were macujltin jmixiptlaoan
of
These were five devils stone Diablome catca teme intech
,y
;
,
,
.
them was supposed and men said They hate people tlamjloia qujlmach tetlauelia teca mocaiaoa ynjc aca itech
it
,
;
,
"
:
they laugh When one was under spell qujneoaia tlauelilocati tennecujliuj ixnecujliuj matzicoliuj
at
them their
,
”
.
was
by
possessed one's mouth twisted one's face was icxicopichauj icximjmjquj momacuecuetza tenqualacquiça
,
them
:
use
a hand one's feet were mis- mjtoaia omotenamicti ypan oquizque cioapipilti vmaxac
of
ic
contorted one lacked
,
;
yn ,
shapen one's hand trembled
one's feet were deadened chaneque Jpampa tetaoa anoço tenaoa qujmilhujaia
—
,
.
;
,
the
aci
yn
Whence jnpilhoan maca xonquiça tlalpan cioapipilti
at
was said one had temo
in
one foamed mouth
, it
,
(
.
:
].
on
met and contended with the Ciuapipiltin who dwelt the
Cross roads Wherefore fathers mothers told their chil
or
.
.
-
the
Ciuapipiltin arrive
on
dren Go not forth earth they
;
;
"
:
descend upon us
[
"
].
for
yn
And this reason when it was their feast day they Auh ipampa iquac ymjlhujuh ynjc qujntlamanjliaia
,
,
, :
made them offerings papalotlaxcalli xonecujli xocuichtlamatzoalli
of
soft folded tortillas called tlamatzo- tlamatzoalli

,
,
alli butterfly shaped tortillas called papalotlaxcalli others izqujtl
,
,
(
-
.
46
shaped like
18
sacrificial notched sticks xonecuilismall
),
(
]
and toasted grains
of
47
tamales called xocuichtlamatzoalli

,
corn
.
yn
yn
in
Auh
all
And then they offered the temple

at
these sometimes vncan momana quenman vncan cioateu
,y
,
in
the goddesses sometimes quenman
of
at
crossroads calco vmaxac
,
,
,
.
.
yn
And they were thus bedight they had their faces whitened Auh jnnechichioal catca mjxtiçauique auh panj
,
:
: yn
with chalk and over this darkened with liquid rubber claolxaoalti tlaitzcopeoaltectli tlaitzcopeoalli jmamatla
,
,
.
Their paper garments were covered with pointed figures quen potoncacaqueque
,
.
.
They had sandals decked with feathers
.
the
Eleventh Chapter vce capitulo
yn
goddess named Jnic matlactli ytechpa cioa
of
which telleth tlatoa
,
:
:
atl
the
yn
yn
Chalchiuhtli ycue goddess jtoca chalchiuhtli ycue
of
Jade skirted who was teutl iehoatl

7
,
,
[
]
(
-
.
:
the waters
.
her
god dess Teutl ipan iuhqujn cioatl

, of
She was considered likeness was that machoia qujxiptlatiaia iuh

];
,
a
:
the
she
belonged among rain gods mjtoaia qujlmach ynvan pouj inueltiuh tlaloque
It
woman was said that
in
,
,
a
:
.
as
their elder sister

.
Hence she was esteemed feared and held awe hence ynic mauiztililoia ynic imacaxoia ynjc mauhcaittoia ynjc
in
,
,
,
;
,
she
she
she
terrified men For killed men water plunged tlamauhtiaia teatoctiaia teatlanmjctiaia tepolactiaia tepan
in
,
,
[
,
as .
them water foamed swelled and formed whirlpools poçonja moteponacoa maxiciotia tepan moteujlacachoa
in
,
it
,
,
,
,
the
the
water swirl she carried men ynjc tecentlanjujca

to
about them she made

;
depths
.
yn
She upset the canoe she emptied she lifted tossed acalli qujcuepa qujxtlapachcuepa queoatiquetza
ca
it
it,
,
;
,
,
up
aco maiauj
ca
and plunged the water tema

in
,
it
it
And sometimes she sank men the water she drowned quenma teapachoa teapotzauja
in
Auh mocueiotia
in
;
,
the
them The water was restless waves roared they dashed titicujca xaxamacatimanj cocomocatimanj hatlacamanj
,
,
;
:
.
and resounded The water was wild

.
yn
yn
When quieted and fro jquac oceuh ceuj aujc iaiauh qujtoa maujltia
to
calmed when heaved

it
it
it
ie
,
,
the ;
,
playeth splasheth like xixiqujpiliuj cocomotzauj

>
was said billoweth atentli itech onmotlatlatzoa

It
it
it
it
,
;
,
"
the
the
stamping spraying onmochachaquanja mapopoçoquillotia

of
feet water striketh shore

,
;
water and foaming

."
sin
las
( se
de
hace descender lluvia

es
se
par símbolo también instrumento mágico con que

El
chicauaztli fertilidad duda obtiene ésta

al
y
.
"
.pp
129-30
)
.
.pp
.pp
.op
38
100 and Vol

.pt
.pt
cit
45. See Sahagún Vol Collected Works Vol Vol

3>
324.5
181-5 Seler and
) .p
.p
;
,
.,
I,
II,
2,
II,
I
(
.
are.
the.
.
the
the
.pp
goddesses -women who died

69
80
.pt
as
childbirth
in
ibid holds that Ciuapipiltin

princesses same Ciuateteo
3,
on ,
in (
)
the)
.
the
up
as
mociuaquetzque equivalent
or
or
of of
sacrificial stone and hence were warriors killed battle offered sacrifices Seler describes
(
,
)
in .
As
as
spectral earth goddesses who descended the guise eagles equals warriors they were arrayed
to
, of
them the earth certain warriors

in
,
-
'
sin
symbols eagle feathers and down sandals for instance They were thought
to
to
to
—
dwell the west and incite men and crime

.p .p in
,
.
46.
III
.op
.8 47
An
.pt
, cit
haped cake made resemble lightning Vol

.--
to
Seler
S
;
,
.,
, 2,
.
.
-s
agave fibres according Einige Kapitel

of
to
47. Folded tortillas the form Seler

in
,
-
6
the
And when ( there was ) no wind , it was
yn
calm ; water Auh jquac atle ehecatl tlamattimanj atezcattitimanj
,
spread like mirror gleaming glittering petlantimanj cuecueiocatimanj
,
,
a
, .
, .
yn
yn
, no
jquac ilhuiqujxtiloia etzalqua
of
And when her feast was celebrated
48 in
the month Auh çan iquac
of the
yn
Etzalqualiztli liztli vncan ilhujqujxtililoia tlaloque
of
eating boiled then was cele
cele
,
corn
:
.
brated the feast the rain gods
.
They placed her image upon they put colotli qujchichioaia yxiptla qujcuetiaia qujujpiltiaia
in
framework
,
a
:
skirt upon her and a shift they placed jewels upon her qujcozcatiaia cozcapetlatl itech pilcatiuh cuztic teucujtla
,
,
a
;
plaited neckpiece from which hung golden disc comalli
:
,
a
a
.
the
yn
And they offered her offerings and fire priests came yoan qujtlamanjliaia qujnanamiquj jtlenamacacauh
,
out
receive her They strewed aromatic herbs before her yiauhtli ixpan qujtepevilia
to
,
.
.
With the rattle board the mist and rain gods they
of caiochicaoaz ilhujtinemj qujcujcatia calpoleque
in
,
,
,
for
spoke The city elders her singers sang her ycujcacaoan
,
.
.
.
And then they slew her impersonator
vel
Auh ixiptla yquac mjquja tlacotli cioatl
in
ye in
slave woman
,
a
:
by
set
yn
yn
bought and forth those who gained their livelihoods
atl
quicoaia iehoan qujnextiaia anamacaque
,
,
yn :
yn
yn
those who brought acaltica atlacuj acaleque apantlaca
as
water carriers water who fetched motlaiecultia

in
—
,
,
:
-
atl
water those who owned canoes those who worked yoan acalquetzque tianquizco qujtechieltia
in
in
canoes
,
;
.
irrigation ditches and those who made canoes the
in
in
;
for
49
market place those who sold water refreshment
,
.
-
iuh
iuh
no
Likewise they arrayed her made
no
offerings and orna- No quichichioaia qujtlamamacaia iuh
,
,
she
her
,go
For when they slew her place qujcencaoaia iuh tlantiuja miquja ytocaiocan tlalocan
to
mented would
in
,
,
a
, :
:
.
the
the
yn
In
called Tlalocan temple

of
Tlalocs they opened vncan inteupan tlaloque queltetequja

,
,
.
.
her breast
.
Jn
the
yn
no
Then Moctezuma paid great honors goddess jquac cenca qujmauiztiliaia
to
,y
motecuçuma
,
[
].
:
yn
offered incense and slew quail qujtlacotonjlia
he
Before her image ixpan clenamacoia jxiptla

,
,
.
Thus they said qujiauhtlatlanj

he
The chief gaineth rain doth pen- iuh qujtoaia clacatl qujtlamacehuja
in
,
a
, ;
"
:
:
to for
his
yn
ance people And giving thanks they thus paid jmaceoal yoan vncan mocnelilmati ynjc qujmahujztiliaia
,
.”
:
honor the waters atl
:
.
we
For they remembered that because qujlnamjquja

ca
tinemj
ca
of
may yoan
ic
her tonenca muchioa
ic
,
,
[
]
]
:
yn
all
live She our sustenance And thence come things that ixqujch tetech monequj
is
.
.
are necessary
iuh
yn
yn
jxiptla tonacaiotl
In
the same manner they paid honor the image No

of
qujmauiztiliaia jtoca
to
man's
,
ic ,
the
the
yn
image yok jxiptla iztatl ytoca Vixtocioatl

of
sustenance called Chicome coatl and

to
salt chicome coatl

,
,
;
; ;
:
yn
-goddess named Uixtociuatl Thus they remembered what qujlnamjquja tlamanjxti

je
],
[
:
.
the
they had done thus they honored

50
three
;
.
the
vel
vel
his
ca
For through peasant earned liveli- ynenca muchioa maceoalli vellamati

in
indeed them
ic
ic
,
,
,
he
Thus might might nemj

be
hood
he
satisfied thus truth

in
,
,
;
.
live
.
And thus was she decked was painted yellow Auh yujn moten
in
she and muchichioaia moxaoaia texotica

,
,
:
:
she
capshe the
her
was painted blue about lips and ujltec motexotenujltec mixcocalhuj chalchiuhcuzque
on
blue
,
face.51
,
,
;
She wore green stone necklace had turquoise mosaic xiuhnacoche texoamacale quetzalmjiaoaio atlacujlolhvipile
,
,
a
]
-
She
had
ear
of
aa
plugs blue paper with spray quetzalatlacujlolhuiujpile atlacujlolcueie atlacueçonanchimale

,
,
a
.
-
feathers Her shift and her skirt were painted like water aiuchicaoaçe cacalaca poçulcaque
.
;
.
shield ornamented with water lily leaf and flower

aa
She bore
.
62
She carried the mist rattleboard which she sounded She

,
-
wore foam sandals

.
era
.op
.op
cit
de
( de
Vol Vol
cit
48. Sahagún 148 este etzalli era hecho maiz cocido manera arroz muy amarillo Durán
.p
y
:.
a
(
.,
.,
II,
I
"
"
)
(
.
revolverlo con frijol

etl
de
210 maiz cocido por solo llamanle pozolly pero causa llaman etzally
el
le
.p
si
"
... ...
"
49. )
)
:
sus
...
lasof
en
Corresponding Spanish text the Florentine Codex reads festejaban todos aquellos que tiene granjerias agua
el
la
,
"
:
:
los
en
en
en
como son que venden agua canoas los que venden agua tinajas plaça
la
y
,
"
:
50. Corresponding Spanish text gente popular para que pudiessen viujt
ad
porque dezian que estas tres diosas mantenjan mul

la
.
y
,
,
:
tiplicar
... ...
"
.
ce
51. Corresponding Spanish text pintauan cara con color amarilla
la
la
, ,
"
.
,
: :
52.
.p un
en
de
en
se
Corresponding Spanish text Tenja mano derecha vaso con una cruz hecho manera custodia que lleua sacra
el
la
la
,
a
,
,
era "
:
44.
quando yno solo ycue and Tzapotlan

of
mento lleua como cetro desta diosa See note See also illustrations Chalchiuhtli tenan
le
y
,
.”
5,
:
.
7
Twelfth Chapter , which telleth of the Goddess of Vice Jnic matlactli vmome capitulo : ytechpa tlatoa yn
.53
( Tlaçolteutl ) tlaçolteutl
.
Tlacolteutl was also called Ixcuina and also Tlaelquani tlaculteutl yoan itoca ixcujna yoan itoca tlaelquanj
In
,
,
.
yn, , .
:
the
her As name Tlaçolteutl Jnic motocaiotia tlaşulteutl qujl ipampaqujl iehoatl yiaxca
to
was said that was because
it
it
,
:
say
evil
and perverseness ytlatquj ytech pouj qujtoznequj
of
teuhtli tlaşulli
to
realm was that that
in
in
in
—
,
is
,
,
:
qujlipan tecuti ypan
she
lustful and debauched living was said that ruled and avilnemjliztli clatocati
,
It
,
.
aujlnemjlizçutl
of
was mistress luxury and debauchery
.
And her name Ixcuina was said there were four
the to
Auh ynjc itoca ixcujna qujl navinti eoah cioa ynjc
as
it
in
,
:
:
the
first named Tiacapan ynjc vme ytoca teicu ynjc
ey
women older sister the ytoca tiacapan itoca tlaco
—
ce
,
,
,
,
(
:
)
,
the
hin
the
second Teicu younger sister > third named Tlaco ynjc nauj itoca xocutzin Jnjque naujntin cioa qujl
),
,
(
:
.
hin
the
the
middle sister the fourth named Xocutzin young- teteu Jnjque ceceiaca yntoca tlaçulteteu
,
,
(
.
)
, (
:
.
.54
est
sister These four women was said were god
it
)
,
each separately were called goddesses
of
desses These
,
,
[
].
luxury Tlaçolteteu
(
.
)
for
her being called Tlaelquani Auh ynjc motocaiotia tlahelquanj qujl ipampa
66
And imixpā
as
was said
it
it
,
:
:
was
told
one
her
yn
all
because one placed before vanities mjtoa imjxpan mopoa jxqujch nequalli iixpan mjtoa
,
,
,
;
:
,
her
yn
all
one told one spread before one's unclean works— momelaoa jxqujch tlahellachioalli immanel cenca
,
,
(
vel
however ugly however grave avoiding nothing because cenca oujh atle mopinavizcaoa
of
temamauhti immanel
,
,
;
:
all
shame One exposed before her and made one's con- muchi iixpan neci ixpan mjtoa Neiolmelaoaliztli
,
,
[
.
.
]
.
in
fession her presence

.
debauched living Qujlmach tlaçulli teuhtli aujlnemjliziotl
in
It
was said evil and perverseness iehoatl
in
ic in
these
,
::
:
-
Tlacolteutl offered inflamed inspired And likewise she qujtemaca tehipitza tlaculteutl Auh çan
in
temotla
ic
,
,
.
.
At
forgave the corruption iehoatl qujtepolhuja iehoatl chico tlanaoac qujujca
no
her whim she removed she
In ,
,
; .
:
her
lay
cleansed she washed hand the cleansing green qujteca iehoatl tepapaca tehaltia iehoatl imac manj ym
,
:
[
56 .
:
]
and yellow waters matlalatl toxpalatl
in
,
.
.
And thus she pardoned Auh injc qujtepopolhuja ynjc chico tlanaoac qujujca
at
thus her whim she removed

;
,
her
the
yn
ixpan neiolcujtilo
In
corruption presence confession was made before qujteca iixpan neiolmelaoalo
,
,
;
the .
:
her
Tlaçolteutl laculteutl iixpă mopoa mjhtoa
in
heart was opened before one recited tetlachioal
;
,
,
.
one told one's sins
.
88
And
57
he
her warden who saw for her

—
was seer tlapouhquj

—
iix
ynacaz ytlacaccauh
,
Auh
in
in
muchioa
a
,
,
,
54.in 53.
del
de
on
The chapter Tlaçolteotl not included MS Academia Historia nor MS Biblioteca Palacio Hence not among transla
in
la
is
is
it
.
tions Seler's Einige Kapitel nor probably elsewhere
,
she
the
by
93
goddess who the interpreters called Ixcuinan
of
Cf. Eduard Seler Tonalamatl the Aubin Collection
of
the two
.p
is
is
It
,
of ,
,
"
'
:
lust
Dirt and
as
as
explained goddess patroness
of
of
or
"
of
, of
faces two colored face and Tlaçolteotl Goddess sensual love and
is
,
',
the ,
-
'
'
for
She this goddess these goddesses under the designation Ixcuina she was thought as
plural number and
or
of
adulterers
in
,
,
his ,
,
as .
.
.
.
by
— as
Sahagún different age was the deity who according this legend introduced the peculiar
to of
to
—
indeed stated first book four sisters

in
56.55. . of ,
,
the
the
shooting these four sisters were common girls names

of
kind The names

to
sacrifice which was offered earth deach with arrows
'
"
.
.
41
See
p
.pp
.op
cit
92
94
de
Sahagún's corresponding Spanish

or
of
, of
Eater filth ordure Seler comedora cosas suzias

is
...
(
.,
.”
"
)
, :
.
.op
57
cit
discussing Chalchiuhtlicue and Tlaçolteotl not only emblematic
of
Cf. Eduard Seler the water the muta
.p
is
.,
"
:
.
.
.
its all
bility and evanescence earthly being sweeps away things but also the symbol purification and cleansing
of
of
that removes filth

in
it
is
,
,
thy,
, it
;
she
son
the
the
My
thesin
of to
which Thus speaks midwife when four days after birth subjects child ceremonious washing come unto
'
, is
the a
:
.
theshe
son
May thy father and thy mother My
of
the dirt which thou hast

of
Mother Goddess Water Chalchiuhtlicue cleanse come

the ,
,
.
'
'.
.
.
.
the
thy Mother thy Father Lady Chalchiuhtlicue Lord Chalchiuhtlatonac the yellow Toz
to
enter water blue Matlalac

(
(
,
),
,
.
.
.
the
the
the
...
palac may wash thee may cleanse thee perfectly may beginning
of
take from thee

world which evil which thou hast from
it
),
,
it
it
thy
thy
con
.pp
clings Sahagún queHistoria general Vol

partera
to
thee from father from mother 191-2 notes oraciones

, la
,
),
.
,
la y ”
II,
.'
"
(
asi
diosa del agua llamada Chalchiuhtlicue

ad
oraba Chalchiuhtlatónac decia Señora nuestra Chalchiuhtlicue Chalchiuhtlatónac venido

la
y
,
:
'
ha
su
vuestra presencia esta criatura tuégoos que recibáis Dicho esto partera tomaba agua echaba sobre ella resuello luego daba
el
de la
la
y
a
,
:
y .
los
de
se
gustar criatura también tocaba pecho con ella celebro cabeza manera cuando pone óleo crisma niños
el
el
el
la
la
la
y
y
a
de a
a
,
deciale esta manera Hijo mio muy amado era mujer decia hija mia muy amada- llegaos vuestra madre padre señora Chal
la
si
y
y
,
a
,
,
:
'
, la .
los
de
en
en
. en
ha
os
chiuhtlícue Chalchiuhtlatónac tómeos ella porque ella llevar cuestas brazos este mundo luego metia agua
Y
el
y
y
a
a
;
.
en
en
se
decía Entra hijo mío hija mia agua que Tuxpálac ellas limpicos que está todo lugar
a er
—
yy
criatura llama Matlálac lávcos

el
) él
y
o
;
,
,
vos-
:
'
del
del
loc
de
de
cit
tenga por bien apartar todo mal que traéis con vos desde antes principio mundo Seler establishes connection
y
'”
(
.
by
In
the Aubin Collection which

of
of
between Chalchiuitl icue and Tlaçolteotl the fifth week the Tonalamatl ruled over Chalchiuitl icue
is
,
,
.
the
the
the
for
water goddess holds corresponding fifth week

of
In
of
head Tlaçolteotl her hand the Codex Borbonicus stream water issues
in
a
,
.
on
the water goddess and

of
of
from the throne the current the headdress Tlaçolteotl These two illustrations motivated Seler's remarks the
in
is
relationship between the two

.
58. 57.
VI
Lib
See Sahagún Florentine Codex cap xliü teix tenacatz also Historia general Vol 249
.p
);
,
II,
(
:
.
the
See Chap VIII Seler Enige Kapitel uses term Kalenderwahrsager

.p
5
,
(
)
.
.
8
the lay
the
the
yn
yn
yn
tlapouhqui wise reading tlamatinj jmac manj amuxtli tlacujlolli qujpia
in
in
sacred almanac which
:
the
ink
his
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
yn
in hand with the picture riting and tlilli tlapalli matile piale nonotzale
,,
,
the ),
,
[
]
[w
the
for
colors painting knowledge wisdom which hath oqujto
,
been uttered.59
the
yn
The penitent who would confess first explained mojolmelaoaz tlapilchioale achto qujtlacaquitia
in
to
in
;
he
seer said unto him tlapouhquj qujlhuja
,
:
;
.
go
Ca
yn
yn
our lord the savior and pro- ytechtzinco njnaxitiznequj totecujo
, to
to
tlacatl
, in
wish the master
,
"I
yn
all
Tezcatlipoca cloque naoaque totecujo yioalli ytoptzin

of
60
our lord
in
to
tector secret wish ehecatl
in
,
,
I
:
.
have this for myself ypetlacaltzin njenottitiliznequj
, in ,
.”
.
The soothsayer said Thou hast been given this favor Qujlhuja tlapouhquj otimotlacnelili
:
"“
.”
:
He
yn
iqujn oallaz qujpepena tonalli qujtta
his he
he
instructed him when should come chose qujnaoatia
in
a
,
;
:
He
saw
yn
yn
yn
yn
sacred almanac what day jamux jtlacujlol qujtta iqujn qualli tonalli
in
favorable time
,
,
:
.
he
was good favorable hath chosen the time qualcan mjtoa
It
was said qujtonalpepenja
yn in
ieccan
,
:
.
:
.
.
And when the appointed time came bought iancujc petlatl quicoa
61
Auh
he
new yquac ynaoatilpan
in
ie
ie
a
,
,,
[
, :
yn
highly honored yoan copalli yoan quaujtl
he
tlamaceuhquj
If
mat and incense and wood was tlamauizti
in
,
a
,
[
,
:
his ]
.
the
his
yn
tlapouhquj
he
penitent vmpa iauh Auh

in
in
made confession own house çan ichan moiolmelaoa
ie
,
,
;
.
the
him
Or
perchance penitent went anoce teujc iauh tlamaceuhquj
to
seer went there
in in
,
:
.
.
the
yn
He swept well place where the new mat was placed iancujc petlatl moteca vellachpano vncan motlalia
;
,
and fire was lit. Then the seer cast the incense into the yoan tletlalilo njman copalli contema tleco tlapouhquj
in
in
a
,
:
tletl qujlhuja
he
flames He addressed the fire said qujnotza
in
;
;
the :
.
.
old
the
gods father Teteu ynnan teteu ynta veue teutl njcan
in
gods god here oallatia
of
of
Mother
,
,
,
yn ,
,
"
yn
low estate He cometh here weeping cujtlapilli atlapalli njcan chocatiujtz
of
hath come man maceoalli

,
,
a
:
.
sad
he
he
anguished Perhaps hath sinned perhaps hath tlaocuxtiujtz moteupouhtiujtz ancan omalauh ancan
,
,
;
.
, He
yn
omotepotlamj ancan oqujnamjc
he
perhaps filth cometh heavy vitlallotl

, in
in
erred hath lived tocatzaоalli
,
,
; ,
,
, .
.
yn
all
aquj iolitlacoa qujtequjpachoa

he
sorrowful Master our lord protector çacamjtl

of
hearted Tlacatle
is
,
;
.
the
also take away pacify totecujoe tloquehe naoaquehe manoço xicmocujli

of
torment this man ma

,
,
,
,
”
.
yn
yn
xicmocaqujti jnentlamachiliz maceoalli
,
in .
yn
tla
he
Then the seer spoke unto him who would confess Niman qujnotza moiolmelauhquj iehoatl
,
;
said unto him pouhquj qujlhuja ,

:
.
the
all
Thou hast come toward god protector Tioalmovicatia yujctzinco iixpantzinco tloque naoaque
of
, in
and
,
,
,
,
"
;
him
, his
yn
presence Thou hast come tell ticmolhujlico ticmomaqujlico mjiaca mopalanca
in
to
to
into deliver
,
,
[
:
]
thyself thy evil atmosphere thy corruption ticmotlapolhujlico motop immopetlacal

of
Thou hast
in
,
,
,
.
open thy secrets

to
come
.
ma
ma
no
sin
ich
or
fault Take off timatoiauj

no
Take care that thou commit ceppa njcan timotepexiuj

, thy "
,
a
.
:
thy
the
clothing show tloque

of
god protector ixpantzinco ximopepetlaoa ximomamaxauj
in
to
nakedness
;
,
all
in
ioalli
in
our lord Tezcatlipoca naoaque totecujo ehecatl

in
,
,
.
,
.
] the
see
Perhaps being cujx tictlacaittaz totecujo cujx mjtztlacanotzaz

A
in
man thou wilt not god perhaps

,
,
a
;
a
:
,
"
not
ca
ca
for
be he
will speak ioalli ehecatl

he
thee being
to
may not
.
man
,
[
;
seen nor touched

.
ma
Auh ynjn quen tiujtz mopetla

as
im
And the god xictlapo motop

in
in
to
this manner thou comest un-

],
,
,
[
"
,
,
thy
thy
thy
, ma
tell
motlachioal yvin quenjn

cal
way life xicpoa monemjliz

of
cover secrets deeds whatso

it in
in
in
,
,
art ,
:
-
ever way thou yvin quenjn cah quenjn muchiuh quenjn tax
in
whatsoever manner what- ticmati

in
in
is
moved
,
,
,
;
:
soever thou hast done whatsoever thou hast achieved quenjn ticchiuh monequal monequaujtec
in
in
in
,
whatsoever thou dost which evil and sinful

is
[
]
xicnoquj xicpetlanj
ex-
pour forth thy vices thy wrongdoing maqualtica mjiaca

in
in
in
Overturn maiectica
,
,
;
,
,
,
"
[
thy
thy
pose evil odor mopalanca

in
corruptness
,
]
.
.
yn
Auh xicmotlaoculnonochili
all
have pity
let
on
protector thee- totecujo tloque naoaque

of
our lord
in
And
,
,
,
,
"
y 60. 59.
loc
loc
cit
cit
Cf. Florentine Codex and Sahagún Historia general

,
.,
.op ,
,
.
espiritu
71
y 67
yoalli checatl
, of
as
Vol gives meanings

cit
II
Cf. corresponding Spanish text Sahagún and Vol

.p
1
.p
,
,
"
y ,
(
)
,
,
I
.,
.
.
.
por cuya virtud

sin
dios invisible imagen impalpable favorecedor amparador todopoderoso todos viven

y
aire tiniebla and

.
,
2
”;
"
(
)
113
del
Angel María Garibay

as
Llave náhuatl Otumba México 1940 translates tloque naoaque que está cerca junto
K
.p
.p
y
n
,
:
"
.
,
”
(
the sun God general

in
,
-
61. Context suggests that pronoun refers the penitent

to
.
who , stretching forth
his
to
arms thee embraceth thee and momaçoaltitica macochetica teputzetica
in
in
y
,
;
his
carrieth thee upon
62
back
ma
ma
Be
daring
of
be
be
not timid because shame not ximotlapalo timopinoquetz titzicolo
,
"
.
backward
the "
.
the
by
an
Then penitent tell Nimã õtlalqua tlamaceuhquj oncopaltema njman
to
in
swore oath truth
,
]
:
[
fire
the
touching earth and cast incense upon Thereupon ixpan motlalia tlapouhquj qujlhuja injc teviujti ynjc
in
,
,
:
.
the
for
thethe
tepatiloti ynjc teixiptla
he
seated himself before soothsayer and spoke
,
of [
.
the
the
the
seer was representative deputy likeness
,
,
[
]
goddess
):
in my
off all
Totecujoe
ca
ca
protector because thou perceivest tloquehe naoaquehe ticmocujlia
of
Our lord
,
my ,
:
"
my
clothing and uncover ticmocaqujtia njiaca nopalanca mjxpantzinco
in
in
evil odor vices take
,
,
,
I
ca :
my
the
cujx
ca
thy presence nakedness— that things have njnopepetlaoa njnomamaxauja onax onjcchiuh
is
],
,
I
[
,
:
:
the
mjxpan
im
in be
ca
ca
taken things that have done Can these things ichtaca cujx tlaiooaian tezcac tlavilpan
,
,
I
,
.
yn
hidden and darkened when they are reflected and clear tzinco onax
,
.
thy sight
he ?”
the
his
vel
of
began jtlapilchioaliz iujn quenjn
he
Then tale sins — whatsoever had Niman compeoaltia
in
,
[
:
çan cah
vel
yn
song proceeding thus talking yujn quenjn qujchiuh maca çan cujcatl cenca
he
were offering
as
done
if
,
;
juh
a
yn
doing were following jvin coneoa cencan yvin conjtoa
he
road Much that way qujchiuh
in
as
[ if
it
,
in
,
a
,
.
the
his
So
yn
yn
he
jtlachioal juhuj
he
of
followed tale sins proceeded imaca çan vtli cencan qujtocatiuh
,
]
.
.
cencan qujtocatiuh
.
his
his
all
yn
yn
he
And otlamjto itlatol yno muchi qujto ytlachioal

he
when ended words then had told Auh

,
:
sins
.
the
the
the
yn
jxtli
yn
yn
Then answered god qujnanqujlia tlapouhquj
of
he
seer warden nacaztli muchioa
,
,
,
];
,
,
said unto him in teujujti tepatilloti qujlhuja
in
,
:
.
the
ca
ca
Behold thou hast spoken god O ticmomaqujlia cloque
to
ticmononochilia
in
thou hast offered
,
;
,
"
him thy deeds and thy misdeeds
im
naoaque motlachioal monequavitec
in
,
.
.
yn
yn
yn
Auh ynjn
ca
do
And behold When the Ciuapipilti

this thou shalt izca taiz ticchioaz jquac temoa
,
,
,
"
,
:
.
the
the
the
yn
yn
Ciuapipilti jquac cioapipilti jquac ymjlhujuh
of
or
descend when feast Ixcuiname temo anoçe
,
,
yn
cioapipilti
63
celebrated thou shalt fast four days Thou shalt starve jxcujname naujlujtl timoçaoaz timocujtlax
is
,
:
.
thy entrails thou shalt parch thy lips culcaoaz timotenoatzaz

,
;
.
.
vel
night thou shalt jlhujtl
yn
And when the day

of
oallatujh
in
at
the feast Auh iquac ioaltica

is
ie
in
it
,
"
,
thy
iuh
tic
pierce tongue with straws and maguey spines With tiçacatlaçaz titlacoqujxtiz ynjn motlapilchioal
,
,
.
:
thy
iuh
these thou shalt thus repent sins These thou thus payest namjctiz auh ynjn namjque
ez
:y
:y
.
in
blood
.
And yntla tiçacatlaçaz

jn
thou shalt pass these many auh quenjn ticnequiz iuh ticnequiz
as
straws
as
thou
,
,
"
:
maguey spines And thou shalt tiqujxtiz tlacotl Auh
in
or
wishest whether straws iehoatl teucalçacatl anoço

,
,
.
.
thy
aço
thy ears titlaqujxtiz

or
pass straws either through through monacazco anoço monenepilco

in
these
,
.
tongue
.
the
ma
And thou shalt thus pass straws through thy tongue ynjc tiqujxtiz
ca
ca
Auh amo çan titlamaceoa
"
,
;
:
do
penance only teuhtli tlaçulli ticcujtlacueponiz

to
but take care lest thou earn merit tictlaça tictlacoçoz

in
,
,
.
do
expiate thy sinful life monenepil

to
Rather thou shalt thou mjxpampa ticaquiz

it
,
;
]
[
,
ý
for
shalt offer blood thy sins therefore shalt thou break

the ;
[
]
thy
, it it of
tongue inserting straw from front thee

in
open
]
.
(
,
When through thou shalt cast ticqujxtiz

in
thou drawest down motzintlan

it
in
açoin
tictlaçaz aço can cecen
,
"
:
one
çan
yn
out ticqujxtiz ticcenqujxtiz tictlatlaçalhuiz

as
behind thee either each alone thou takest anoço

,
,
, ,
,
, [
binding them together even ticqujxtiz tlacotl

or
else thou shalt gather them aço vntzontli

in
centzontli
,
four hundred
of
even eight hundred

of
them the straws

),
[
which thou shalt have passed through thy tongue

.
poliuiz motlapilchioal
im
Thus shalt thou cleanse thyself thy faults and thy monequal
of
motlatlacul
in
in
ic
,
"
sins
.”
X. 56
62. Cf. Note

.
the
to 63.
be
See Cap Ciuapipiltin were thought earth.goddesses who descended eagles they incited
of
The Ciuateteo
or
to
to
earth form
in
;
.
men sin and crime

.
10
the
yn
the
And if the sins of penitent were only light priest Auh intla çan xicca jtlapilchioal tlamaceuhquj
,
,
[
:
]
said unto him qujlhuja
,
thy
Thou shalt parch lips thou shalt fast thou shalt timotenoatzaz titlacatlaquaz timocujtlaxculçaoaz
,
,
,
"
starve thy entrails for four days naujlhujtl
.”
:
Or else
he
said unto him anoço qujlhuja
for
Thou shalt sing and dance the goddess thou shalt titlatotiz timoteteuhcaoaz titepiquiz
,
];
:
( [
"
hang rubber spotted papers offerings and fashion
as
]
-
for
images her
].
”
(
Or
he
else said unto him anoço qujlhuja

,
.
. nel
yn
Thou hast done wrong truly with wine Thou shalt jpan otitlanecomalti tiquinqujxtiz
ca
vctli
in
,
,
,
"
.
he the
satisfy totochtin
of
gods wine the Totochtin ,
”
.
him
him
And thus commanded and said unto Auh qujlhuja ynjc qujnaoatia
,
,
at :
:
yn
yn
When thou goest when thou dost thy penance night iquac tiaz titlamaceoaz ioaltica atle motech
,
,
"
,
,
go
yn
thou shalt take nothing with thee Thou shalt naked vetztiaz tipetlauhtiaz momaxac amatl tlaitzcopeoalli
in
,
,
:
.
.
thy
Thou shalt gird loins with paper painted with pointed mantiaz centetl mjcampa motzintlampa mantiaz
,
:
.
figures spreading one piece behind
. 64
at
thee and one
,
]
thy feet
yn
yn
And when thou shalt return there before our lords the Auh jquac cioalmocuepaz vmpa tocontlaçaz
"
,
,
,
off
yn
gods thou shalt cast thy paper skirt jmjxpan totecujooan teteu ym mamacue
,
,
.”
.
yn
yn
his
his
And when penance jquac otlamaceuh njman oalauh jchan
he
Auh
he
had done
to
then went
:
,
house
.
sin he
Thus changed good life
oc
cenmajan monemjlizcuepa qujlmach cepa
so to
the end intla

he in
It
was said
ic
a
:
.
said
-no tlatlacoz qujl aocmo tlaoculilonj
ça
that again longer
to
were was
,
if
it
.
might
he
gain mercy therefor

.
yio
was said that they told only
of
Qujlmach çan vey nequalli vey nequaujtectli

It
great vanities grave
in
,
,
,
the
tetlaximaliztli qujtoaia veuetque

so
adultery and only aged spoke
in
violence
,
:
[
.
Thus the aged confessed was said that they might Jnjc moiolmelaoaia veuetque qujlmach iehoatl ynjc amo
it
,
-
:
for
yn
on
punished they were jntlapilchioal yntla

be
not here earth their sins tzacujltilozque njcan tlalticpac

if
;
:
heads might pierced otetlaxini ynjc amo quatetlaxililoz ynjc amo quatepitzinjloz
so
be
adulterers that their

or
not
,
,
beaten with stones therefore they confessed ynjc amo quatetzotzonaloz moiolmelaoa
.
[
]
,
yn
In
The soothsayer before whom were laid one's sins tlapouhqui jixpan clalilo tlapilchioalli çan njman
of ,
, ,
of ,
:
[
him ]
spoke
what had been placed acan qujtoa tlein ixpan tlalilo tlein ilhujlo
in
in
nowhere before
,
:
in in
what had been said secret

.
. in ieh
yn
For what was said secret was not for him but was given jlhujlo
ieh ca
ca
tloque
ca
ipampa nonotzalo
in
amo
,
,
,
,
.god
the
tlapilchioalli
ca
and told And him mortal man might naoque jlhujlo
to
secret maco amo

in
in
in
,
,
:
not see motta im maceoalli
,
.
the
Thirteenth Chapter gods- capitulo tlato
yn yn
Jnic matlactli vmey yntechpa
of
which teileth little

,
a,
:
65
yn
old
the
the
yn
very gods tepitoton qujntoqujlia omoteneuhque

$$
who were considered teteuh
,
lesser ones
],
,
[
. :
veueintin teteuh
the
Turquoise Lord Xiuhtecutli —the yellow faced one Xiuhtecutli ixcoçauhquj yoan cueçaltzin Jehoatl moto
,
(
.
:
old
the
holy flame This

as
one was known god tletl anoço veue teutl yoan tota
as
fire caiotia
in
,
,
.
[
]
our father
as
.
]
[
He
ca
was thought god considering ipan tepaloa techi

he
that burned one teutl machoia iehica terlatia

,
,
,
a
:
the
for
ynjc tlacnelia
ca
many yoan mjec tlamantli

he
he
consumed one scorched fields And chinoa tlachinoa

,
,
,
:
.
for
he
purposes was useful with fire thus one was clapaoaxo iztatlatilo
ic
ic
nezcolo tlacuxitilo tlaxco

yc ic ic
ic
ic
,
;
, ,
a (
tlatetzoionjlo
on
things were cooked plate things were cooked necutlatilo tecullatilo tenextlatilo
ic
ic
ic
warmed
,
,
,
yc
pot pottery was fired salt was burned syrup was boiled tlatzoionjlo tlatleoatzalo tetlecujlolo temazcalla
in
ic
ic
,
, ,
,
a
the
tilo
charcoal was burned lime was burned things were fried oxitlatilo tlanextlatilo
ic
ic
,
,
;
see
a broom wrapped with tlaitzcopineli paper impressed with pointed figures

64.
The most characteristic emblem

of
Tlaçolteotd Codex
is
is a
in (
this
the
the
by
huipil worn
no
Ochpaniztli The paper loin cloth same pattern Probably the goddess
of
illus
of
Borbonicus month doubt

,
.
).
.
12
good indication the design

of
of
tration Plate the loin cloth

is
a
(
.
65.
los
en
Corresponding Spanish text has que son menores dignidad que arriba dichos
"
"
:
.
11
cooked , and roasted in a pot ; one roasted [ on the fire );
sweat -houses were heated , unguents were melted , things were
cleansed .
his
yn
And when feast day was celebrated once year Auh iquac ilhujqujxtililoia cexiuhtica ipan itlamjan
of at
,
,
a
:
end
the
the
yzcalli qujxiptlatiaia
an
of
Izcalli they made image ixpan tlacotonaloia
of
month motecuçuma
,
in
,
,
:
Moctezuma before quail were sacrificed and incense was copaltemjlilo
it
,
set forth ;
.
66
with greens oauhqujltamalli nechivililoia cecencalpan achto ixpan
in
Tamales stuffed were prepared each
in
,
[
:
fire
the
dwelling First they were placed before Then they qujmanjliaia tletl çatepan qualoia
in
,
.
.
.
were eaten
.
his
yn
all
And day old men sang blew trumpet shaped shells Auh jveveiooan iuh cemjlhujtl qujcujcacia
in
,
,
,
,
-
to him
beat drums and sounded rattles for
,
qujteccizpichilia qujteponacilhuja caiacachilhuja
:
be his
no
And one might reach arm the bowl which was auh aiac vel comacoaia ynjc
in
comalco tetlacaoaltiloia
,
forbidden nothing might cooked Because first were amo aca motlatiz mochichinoz ipampa iancujcan oqualoc
in
,
the ;
:
.
eaten tamales stuffed with greens which had been oauhqujltamalli ynjc otlamanaloc
,
[
.
brought offerings
as
, .
aca
yn
And Auh pipiltotonti
in
87
live coals the children roasted some snakes qujntlaxqujaia
in
muchintin
,
:
frogs small white fish water lizards and birds whatever coatl cujiatl xoujli axolotl tototl çaço tlein ocacic ioioli
in
—
,
,
[
ic :
the
of
ya
kind animal they hunted they dropped ycamac contlaçaia clecujlli mjtoaia motlaxquja
in
small
in
,
,
:
hearth Thus they said Our father roasteth something
,
tota
..
"
(
.
]
:
for himself
”
.
old
the
the
old
yn
And when night fell women drink Auh cicoac noujan tlatlaoanaia vevetque
in
men
,,
,
,
,,
,
iuh
ing
yn
all
wine made libations four directions And ylamatque qujtoaia qujtlatoiaujliaia tletl texcal
in
,
,
; [
:
of ]
they said thus They give they ceuja

to
taste the fire

it
a
“
:
.
68
refresh themselves
.”
yn yn
oc
And every four years festival most greatly honored Auh nauhxiuhtica cenca mauiztililoia ilhuiuh
,
,
a
:
him
the
yn
when Moctezuma danced princely dance before iquac motecujtotiaia ixpan
—
motecuçuma iteucal
a
,
,
temple xiuhtecutli ytocaiocan tzonmulco
at of
Xiuhtecutli which was called Tzonmulco.69

,
.
the
vel
vel
,hy
all
ixqujch tlacatl
no
And this time everyone including children Auh jquac muchitlacatl
in
,
,
[
]
the
the
every one qujpaloaia qujltequja pipiltotonti

of
tasted wine Thus was called vctli moto
in
in
ic
them
it
,
,
[
:
.
time when the children drink wine caiotiaia pillaoano

,
]
And then they gave the children uncles and aunts yoan vncã qujntlatiaia qujnmahujtiaia pipiltotonti
in
man ,
a
,
.
Ce
sought out and cioatl oqujchtli qujntemoaia pilhoaque qujntlauh

in
and woman whom those with children

ce
a
,
,
[
yn
the
gave gifts These took children upon their backs and tiaia iehoantin qujnmamatihuja vmpa qujmoncaoaia
,
,
;
the [
]
.
the
temple Ixcoçauhqui There iteupan ixcoçauhquj vmpa qujnnacazxapotlaia qujnna

of
to
carried them then
,
.
:
[
parents pierced their ears thus they placed sign upon cazcoionjaia iuhqujn qujnmachiotiaia ynjc qujmitta
ic
,
a
;
)
70
on
them while their uncles and aunts looked Afterwards yntlaoan ymaujoan Çatepan claqualo
,
,
.
all feasted
.
In
Ixcoçauhqui's
ornament was thus black was smeared jnechichioal catca tliltica motenujltec chalchiuhtetele
,
,
[
):
]
[
:
his
his
about the lower part

of
mjtzone tlacotztzone
he
face About head bore xiuhtotoamacale quetzalmjiaoaio

a
, ,
, ,
he .
set
no
circlet with green stones wore paper crown with xiuhcooanacoche amacozneapanale tzitzile cocujole
,
,
a
;
yn
blue cotinga feathers and spray quetzal feathers xiuhtezcatlatlapanquj jchimal tlachieltopile
of
he he
had
,
a
71
+1
spear shafts
of
of
crown arrowshafts crown had

;
a
;
a
-
66.
las
las
de
se
se
los la es
Una hierbas que

comen cocidas llama huauhquilitl que son bledos muy verde tiene ramas delgadillas altillas tiene
y
,
de ,
,
"
, delLos
las
cuece para comer sabe

de
se
se
se
hojas anchuelas
y
tallos esta hierba llaman huauhtli semilla llama misma manera esta hierba
;
la
,
.
.op
de
Vol
cit
se
se
cenizos exprímese agua que cuece para comerse hacense tamales esta hierba cuales llaman quiltamalli Sahagún
a
;
,
.”
.,
.
III
as
233. On 338 huauhquilitl defined Amarantus hypochondriacus Amarantáceas

67..p
.p
is
,
.
the
the
the
corresponding Spanish text children's parents hunted and roasted these animals Historia general Vol
In
In
207 Saha
.p
I
,
,
.
.
as
gún writes that the old men received the animals from the children offerings and threw the offerings the fire
in
.
see
68.
.op
., cit
Ibid Vol 208 texcalceuja Siméon

in
.p
;
.,
as I,
:
.
69. Described the 64th temple Ibid Vol

in
Tenochtitlan 227
.p
I,
.
-god.
.
the
the
71. as70.
.op
cit
Corresponding Spanish text uses word padrino patron protector Molina

or
father translates words tlatli and

;
(
.)
).
auitl uncle and aunt

— .
the
the
the
set
a for
strap with jeweled disks front side bearing figure cotinga quetzalcomitl
or or
aa
of
Chalchiuhtetelli head xiuhtototl

);
a
in ,
(
the
iquetzalmiauayo reversed cone broadening upwards mitzontli

—
of
of
xiuhtotoamacalli tiara feather mosaic work form tlacochtzontli

;
a
12
fire -serpent earplugs ; he carried a cape of yellow paper .
Likewise he had rattles and sea - shells. His shield had pieces
of turquoise and mirror - stone . He carried the staff with the
device for seeing.
the
Fourteenth Chapter , which telleth of god named Jnic matlactli vnnavi capitulo itechpa tlatoa teutl
in
,
:
yn
Five Flower Macuilxochitl and Flower Prince Xochi- itoca macuilxochitl yoan xochipilli
,
(
.
:
pilli
).
the
Equally were they worshipped gods palace folk Çan neneuhque ynjc neteutiloia tecpantzinca inteuh
of
us as
:
.
lay
yn
When people fasted jquac neçaujliloia intla aca toqujchti ipan cioacochiz
of
one if men with
woman
,
,
to ,
anoço cioatl ipan oqujchcochiz mjtoaia qujntlaçulmjctia
or
woman with man it was said They brought
, ,
,
a
:
,
“
:
yn
naught their fasting through sin .”
jneçaoaliz
the
Thereupon god gave them merited punishment quitemacaia tetech qujtlaliaia qujteilhujltiaia qujtema
ic
as
,
,
,
[
72
yn
haemorrhoids venereal sickness boils and piles ceoaltiaia xochiciuiztli menexoaliztli tlapalanaltiliztli
in
,
,
."
quexiliuiliztli
,
him
yuicpa ynjc qujceuiz ynjc
to
Therefore they would
to
make vows order netoloa nenetoltiloia
in
,
,
,
qujquaniz ynjc qujcaxaoaz cuculiztli
his or
quiet remove abate the sickness
,
.
,
.
Auh
yn
of
And when feast which was called the Feast the jquac ilhujqujxtililoia ipan xochilhujtl achtopa
,
:
all
Flowers was celebrated first fasted four days Some navilhujel nexochicaoalo cequjntin moçaoaia chil
in
ic
,
,
.
:
ate
ate
no
fasted thus they chili only after midday caoaia qujnnepantla tonatiuh claquaia centlaquaia
in
and
,
,
,
[
, ]
:
only once day midnight and drank ioalnepantla qujmattiuh tlacujlolatulli qujia xochitontli
at
in
Some went
: ,
,
a
a
[
).
yn
on
gruel called painted atolli which small flowers floated ipan
ca
moxochiçaoa
”,
,
.
"
the
of
This was the fast flowers

.”
[
"
]
ate
no
ate
All good things them only midday And quiqua nepantla

at
muchi velic çan tonatiuh
yn in
who
,
.
by
ate
only one thing qujmattiuh qujxcaviaia

of
some tortillas corn not softened Auh aca çan iotlaxcalli
in
,
-
no
73
lime without chili midday qujquaia atle chilli nepantla qujmattiuh

at
this also they did tonatiuh

,
,
[
[
:
]
:
the
yn
yc
jlhujqujxtililoia
ce
On the fifth day which was when feast was celebrated clamacujlti iquac tlacatl
,
,
,
god
the
the
his
yn
arrayed qujmixiptlatiaia conmaqujaia julatquj ipan mjtoriaia
of
man became likeness

in
,
],
,
a
; [
]
the
qujtlatzotzonjliaia qujcujcatiaia
he
clothing which danced they beat drum and sang

in
,
:
for him
.
And midday quail All yoan nepantla

at
were sacrificed drew blood tonatiuh tlacotonaloia neçuoaia

in
ie
,
in ,
.
the
yn
tlacoqujxtiloia yoã tlamanjliloia
as
passing straws through tongue and they laid offerings jteupan macujltetl
, ,
;
:
five
him
for
his
temple tamales which they had made qujchiujliaia tamalli mjtoaia tlacatlaqualli cenca vevey
,
in
:
.
for
These were called bread fasting and were very ipan ycatiuh xuchmjtl
,
[
large On them stood the flowery arrow

.
yn
Some thus offered their offering upon wooden plates and aca quauhcaxitl ynjc conmanjliaia yoan contoqujliaia
,
,
followed with five more small tamales with

no
mollotiuja
oc
tamaltepitoton
it
sauce and macuiltetl yoan vntetl

a
,
,
tzoalli yiol poujia

no
dough cecnj quauhcaxtica

, of
of of
others offered two cakes made amaranth mantivia centetl

,
,
— a
,
(
one
red
seed and maize black one instead offerings tliltic centetl tlatlauhquj
,
,
[
.
-
of
rubber laid wooden bowls

in
]
yn
And some brought Auh aca izqujtl anoço necuzqujtl anoço xonecujlli
or
toasted corn toasted corn mixed

,
, ,
[
honey shaped corn cakes which papalotlaxcalli iotlaxcalli

or
were like notched tzooallaxcalli tzooalchimalli

in
,
S
-
lightning bolts butterfly tortillas tortillas tzooalmjtl tzooalmaquaujtl

of
or
or
staves tzooalnenetl
;
,
[
]
-
ground com which had not been softened lime cakes

in
;
of
dough
of
made amaranth seed and maize and shaped

a
like shields arrows swords and dolls

,
,
,
And here Mexico from everywhere were brought cap- noujian

to
yoan oalcaoaloia mamalti njcan mexico

in
,
yn ,
yn
all
tives called tribute captives from warlike places moteneoa maltequjme jxqujch techiaoalotoc
,
,
,
]
”
,
-
"
)
two
the
the
.p the
on
ome quamamalhuazili projecting temples and exhibiting

or
—
of
arrow shafts wooden drills forward above frontal band side

,
see
75.
illus Seler The Tonalamatl the Aubin Collection

or
of
the ome acatl reed the mamalhuaztli fire drill Tlacotztzone the
in
2
,
("
)
(
.)
-
:
.
be
Aztec text should probably tlacochtzone

,
.
72.
del
las
de
Corresponding Spanish text reads heria con enfermedades partes secretas almorranas podredumbre miembro secreto
,
,
"
:
diviesos incordios etc.

,
"
corresponding Spanish text

In
73. panes azimos

"
"
:
13
the
[Nahuas ] living on jnmal
yn
yn
surrounding us, brought by those iautenoaque iaotenco onoque qujnoalcaoaia
,
yn
warring people Those who had taken these pris- jntlaaxioan maltequjhoan njcan
of
borders hoan muchioaia
in
,
,
.
:
>
yn
oners these tribute captives brought here qujnpiaia calpixque cacalpixque
in
them and
,
[
]
,
”
. -
.
"
guards watched them
him
them fled and escaped they replaced Auh intla aca tlaielti intla tlachololti ypan clacaquetzaia
of
And one
,
if
,
,
,
the
they bought place motlacacoujaia qujxiptlaiotiaia qujxiptlatiaia
of
to
man take him who had fled
,
a
:
).
yn
Then the slaves died tlatlacuti vncan miqujia jquac ilhujqujxtililoia
in
when the feast was celebrated
.
.
the
yn
his
jnechichioal tenmacpale ixtlapaloatzale tlaixtla
on
garb lips Auh
of
And Macuilxochitl was thus
,
:
[
]:
red
the
imprint hand His face was paloatzalujlli tlaixtlapalvilli yhujtzoncale quachichiqujle
of
there was and burnt
,
a
the his .
the
yn
vitonquj jtlamamal vitoncatlamamale
at on
He wing was ypan
of
, A
aa
had crown feathers burden icac
,
.
sun
the
tonalopanjtl quetzal
on
back which was flag with quetzal feathers quetzaltzonio quetzaltzontecomaio

,
,
-
, -
red
top The cotton cloth which was girt behind had edges tzontecome quetzaltzonteconio tentlapaltica motzinjlpi
,
,
,
.
.
He wore sun sandals motzinapa ytonalocac tonalocaque

.
.
the
Fifteenth Chapter Jnic caxtolli capitulo
yn
yn
god named Two ytechpa tlatoa jtoca
of
which telleth teutl
,
,
Reed Omacatl Omacatl
.
(
).
Jnjn
yn
This Omacatl was god jtech tlamjloia
of
It
Uitznauac.74 was said that omacatl vitznaoac teutl catca
,
ca ,
,
created and introduced banqueting piqujliloia qujtooaia
to he
cooaiutl
in
invented invitations iehoatl imactia
in
in
—
,
,
,
the
in
feasts acceptance feasting people tetlatlaqualtiliztli
of
of
tetlacamatiliztli
in
invitations tecooanotzaliztli
,
,
],
,
[
, .
:
yn
yn
Through him pass that men gathered together ymatijan jnnecentlaliliz jnnecenqujxtiliz
to
came muchioaia
it
,
To
that near relatives assembled one's house was brought teoaiolque techã vicoia vmpa mauizmachoia necujtlaujloia
. ,
,
,
in .
his
yn
image there jxiptla
be
esteem and cared for

to
held
,
yn
no
a he he
And also Auh qujtooaia yntlacamo juhqujma

in
was said that
so
was not maviztililo

, if
held
an it
,
[
]
esteem like invited guest would become angered cooanotzalo tlavelcuja tecochpa anoço tecochizpan teaoaia
,
,
.
[
or ]
:
He
his
yn
yn
In
sleep qujlhujaia aqujn qujtemjquj tehoatl tleyca
he
to
chided one said him amo

in
in
dream
,
;
.
Why
me
njmitztlalcahuiz njemati
ne
Thou Itinechmaviżmati
in
who dreamed dost thou not esteem auh
ie
,
;
?
:
"
!
:
Already
do
shall depart from thee know what shall tlein mopan njcchioaz
I
.
.
to
thee
.”
yn
he
was sorely enraged

he
And when one ate often Auh intla cenca moçuma jquac tlaqualo mjecpa
if
,
,
the
yn
tlaqualli ipan Auh aquj
atl
swallow hair which was upon tzontli qujtetololtia
to
caused him water and

in
in
,
.
the
the
ate
yn
mjtoa teuqua miecpa mococoa ynjc qujtolinja melcima

he
god
he
And when
as
food one said often
,
,
,
,
[
]
.
:
him
atl
his
he
sickened Thus ycopac mjlacatzoa meltepotlamja jquac tlaqua

in
in
, in
afflicted food stuck throat
;
. :
:
:
.
his
motlavitequj
of
the water wound about the roof mouth like snake auh yntla nenemj motepotlamja motecujnja
aa
,
he .
ate
he
His gullet was troubled

he
when And walked

if
,
.
stumbled and fell

.
his
yn
And thus was feast celebrated Whoso ate the image Auh ynjc ilhujqujxtililoia aqujn teuqua achtopa
.
,
this
the
god first made sacred cylinder dough qujchioaia teumjmilli yiomjio

of
of
was teutl catca çan tlacatl

in
,
, ,
,
([
a
), .god
:
the
the
the
the
cen
vel
priest teupixquj calpole molicpitl ynjc hujviiac
of
of
The chief man

-
bone elder totomaoac

,
fat —
,
the city— cubit long mjmjltic
aa
made round
it
.
-
[
all
yn
And before was shared among them

oc
first ate and Auh achtopa tlatlaqualo

it
aiamo nemamaco atlioa

,
,
,
yn
yn
drank drinking wine And when day broke they stabbed tlaoano auh otlathujc conjtitzopinja omacatl
,
, ,
,
:
.
him
the
Omacatl the stomach and killed Then conmjctia njman

in
sacred nemamaco netlatlapanjlo nexexelhujlo

ic
,
.
roll was shared broken pieces divided among them teumjmjlli

in
it in
,
:
.
as-
When iquac quaqualo iuhqujn tetlacaqujtilo

as
was eaten was debt had been

to aа
if
tetzoiotiloia
it
ic
,
[
,
yn
yn
tetlalhujlo temolcaoaltilo
ca
aquique macoia iquac

as
one were summoned feast and were

,,
if
sumed
,
,
a
,
:
the
the
forgiven debt And those who accepted when feast ilhujuhqujçaz mocujtlaxcolixtlaoaia mopopooaia ypampa
ca ie
,
,
[
].
ended had paid with their stomachs and were clean ontlaxtlaoaia
.
because
,
,
they had repaid their debt

[
).
he
feathers-
of
he
And thus was

Jn
decked had crown quauhtzoncale yoã

a
inechichioal catca ihvitzoncale

;
,
:
74.
82.
.pt
Probably the temple meant Cf. Seler Collected Works Vol Sahagún describes
II
of
Uitznauac Uitznauac calmecac

.p
is
(
the ,
, 3,
)
:
.
.
as
the 24th temple Historia general Vol The same source suggests various other meanings part
of
or
—
222 south the barrio the

or p
it
I,
(
)
.
.
the
the
.pp
city named Uitznauac people south temple See ibid Vol

or
. of
that area south house 137 197-99 215 221 222 229 and
,
.,
I,
,
.
.
.op
pp
cit
.pt
also Seler Vol 7-8 9-10

.,
II,
4,
,
:
14
the
the
eagle warrior's crown eagle warrior's dress bordered yquauhquentenchil naoaio ycuechin ielpancozqui cyli
,
,
,
-
-
His
yn
yn
netting with snail jnechichioal ytiçanacoch
of
red eyes and cape shells.75 tezcatlatlapanquj jxaiac
in
,
a
-
,
:
breast ornament had snail shells two parts ytiçachimal amapaio ytlachiaia ymac ytolicpal
in
mirror stone catca
,
,
HeA
--
-
.
his
was painted upon face was also arrayed with acacpalli
[
.
]
)
.
his
chalky ear plug shield was chalk covered and had
;
a
-
-
for
his
paper streamers The device seeing was hand He
in
[
.
.
of
sat upon his stool reeds and rushes
.
]
the
Sixteenth Chapter vce capitulo ytechpa
yn
god Jnic castolli
of
which telleth named tlatoa teutl
in
,
,
the
Little Black Face Ixtlilton earth stamper Tlaltete- jtoca catca ixtlilton tlaltetecujn
),
,
-
(
.
.76
cuini
)
yn
of
He was god whose temple was made entirely wood Teutl catca çan quavitl jteupan catca ytocaiocan
,
,
a
,
his
yn
apaztli tzatzacuti
at
place named Tlacuilocan Here temple were many tlacujlocan yteupan mjec
in
in
vncan
,
a
:
his
earthen bowls covered over These were called black manca motocaiotia itlilauh
,
,
"
.
.
water
"
.
yn
aqujn mococoaia piltontli
yn
And whenever child sickened they brought him Auh vmpa qujujcaia
to
the
,
,
,
a
thethe
yn
temple They jars iteupan centetl qujtlapoaia apaztli conjtiaia
of
Ixtlilton uncovered one and of ixtlilton
,
:
his .
yn
had him drink black water Thereupon child be- jtlilauh patia piltontli
in
ic
;
”
.
"
came whole
.
yn
When one wished arrange Auh aqujn qujtotiz copaltica ynjc
to
dance amid incense conanaia
in
,
a
,
,
,
[
his
yn
jxiptla çan tlacatl
he
went and brought impersonator qujvicaia ychan

to
Ixtlilton's muchichioaia
in
house
:
[
.
only arrayed like the god
It
was man who was

a
).
[
his
In
When they had arrived ychan teytotiz njman
be
oacic tlatlaqualo
at
to
house where there was tlatotiz
,
,
,
:
yn yn
yn
yn
dance food was eaten and thirst was quenched After atlioa otlaqualoc njman mjtotia jxtlilton
,
,
a
:
.
eating After omjtoti oncalaqui qujtlapoa

he
he
Ixtlilton danced had danced entered onmaceuh calitic iehoatl

,
:
.
the
the
for
four days vctli navilhujtica tzacutimāca mjtoaia tlaiacaxapotla

. he
into house uncovered wine which

in
ic
,
[[
,
;
:
had been covered This was called the first opening tap- vitzmana
or
77
ping
of
the new wine

to .?
the
yn
yc
drink Again they went out into
oc
Then they began Niman vmpeoa tlaoano cepa oalquiça itoalco
ie
,
,
:
.
yn
qujtlapoa jtlilauh navilhujtica
no
court uncovered his black water which also had
and tzacutimanca
ic
,
[
,
”,
:
"
]
for
the
been covered four days On fifth day they uncovered macujlilhujtl qujtlapoa
in
.
:
it
.
dirt
If
cobwebs straw charcoal were found upon mjtoaia moteneoaia intla tlacolli yntla tocatzaоalli
,
ic
ic
,
,
,
,
]
an
was said perchance yntla mjtoaia

or he
tzontli intla tecolli vncan vetztoc

or
then was either adulterer aço
ic
or it
,
it,
:
anoço ahavilnemj
ac
he
he
or
lived dissolutely tetlaxima aço ichtec mahaviltia

he
thief lived vice was

in
,
,
a
:
;
he
Thus they confronted aço tlacacemelle tlatotia qujxmotlaia qujxcomacaia

in
who had the dance

ic
monster
,
,
a
god
the
ca
and reproached him openly Thus they sowed qujxpantia mjtoaia tetzalan tenepantla moteca iehica
ic
said
,
,
.
to ]
:
yn
revealed and reproached people qujteixcomaca qujteixpantia
he
tetlatlacul
,,
discord because others teixmotla

ic
,
.
for their sins
.
for
his
yn
he
And when departed house they gave him Auh ynjc oalquiça techā quachtli qujmacaia motocaio
,
,
tia
.78
large mantle called ixquen face covering ixquen

,
.
(
bedight was spread over with Jnic mocemjxtlilpopotz mjxti

he
Thus was Ixtlilton muchichioaia moçac

,
,
,
[
:
]
his
his
yn
unguent face was covered with soot about lips was çatlatlali jcamapa tecpaquachichiqujle quetzallo
,
,
;
:
see
75.
.pp
For description illustrations and text Seler Gesammelte Abhandlungen Vol 515 and 523 and also illustration Omacatl
in
,
(
,
II,
)
:
.
15
-Plate
.
sea
The term cuechintli means the netted cape snail shells knotted where the cords crossed The chalcaayatl and the mecaayatl
or
mantle with
,
.
.pp
to 79
82
.pt
were presumably the same similar Seler Collected Works Vol citing the first instance Sahagún's Historia general
In or
in
,
II,
3,
yn ,
en ,
,
II .
III
de
en
vn
Apendiz cap Sahagún refers palmo quadro hecha

...
Lib
fo
5.
Lib Florentine Codex 37r ornamento tela rala

(
,
,
"
a )
.
los
) de
qual llamauan ycuechin atada con unas cuerdas algodon pechos

al
'
77.76.
probably formed from tlalli and tetecuinia Cf. Seler Enige Kapitel Vol
16
of
God
or
medicine Tlaltetecuin tlaltetecuini

.p
is
...
I
,
,
(
:
.
.
los
los
se
Sahagún Historia general Vol 314 que neuramente horadaban magueyes hacían vino nuevo que llamaba uitztli
.p
y
,
.”
,
I,
.
"
:
the
The Spanish text Florentine Codex explains that este abrimjento

llamavan tlaiacaxaputla qujere decir esto abrimjento primero
of
vino
a ,
,
a
o
.op"
,
see
:
for
37
cit
On the meaning Sahagún

of
la of
nucuo onmaceuh definition maceualiztli

.p
”
.,
CC
. .
.
las
...
78
de
dauanle mātas quales llaman ixquen que quiere dezir cubertura cara porque quedaua auergonçado aquel que auja hecho
.
,
:
:
cit
fiesta Loc
la
.
"
15
white clay . He had a spray of Aint knives , with quetzal cueçalvitonquj yn jtlamamal, ytonalopan ipan icac, totona
fan
red
yn
yn
jchimal tlauhio yiollotopil
of
feathers.79 The burden on his back had [a loio jmaneapan totonaloio
,
]
arara feathers His sun flag was upon The sun sign was xopilcuzque yamamaxtli tzitzile coiole itonalocac
it
,
.
.
.
his
his
his
on
on
80
paper vestment and shield Red was staff
,
,
an
heart He had
of
of
which had necklace the claws
a
.
animal He had paper breech clout He had rattles and
a
.
.
-
shells He had sun shoes
.
.
-
the
Seventeenth Chapter vmome capitulo
yn
god whose Jnic castolli ytechpa
of
tlatoa teutl
,,
which telleth
,
,
yn
yn
name was Left pochtli whom anciently men here wor- itoca catca opuchtli qujmoteutiaia uecauh nican
ie
,
),
:
. (O
shipped god claca

as
.
a
This Opochtli was one He was the god Inin opuchtli ipan mixeoaia
of
of
the Tlalocs tlaloc atlaca inteuh catca
,
.
:
the
on
those who lived water who worshipped him qujmoteutiaia

,
.
.
his
They said that itlatzintil ytlanextil qujnexti
he
Juh
ca
made and revealed creations and qujtoaia iehoatl
,
for net
the
the
yn
yn
yn
the
inventions dart thrower three pronged har- qujteittiti matlatl atlatl mjnacachalli avictli
in
the —
, ,
,
,
-
the
82
pole propelling tzonoaztli
81
poon boats and bird snare

,
yn .
]
[
.
-
And when his feast was celebrated
, atl
of
offerings water Auh iquac ilhujqujxtililoia tlaqualli vetli
,
ventli
in
,
,
,
,
and
the
corn plants yoan cintopilli xuchitl yietl copalli yiauhtli

food wine were made and cane
of muchioaia
,
,
;
:
[
scented smoke incense and sweet smelling herbs These they qujtepeviliaia qujnanamiquja chicaoaztli concacalachi
ic
,
,
,
:
.
him
him
They qujchaiaviliaia iuhqujn tecivitl povia
no
spread before thus welcoming shook their liaia mumuchitl
,
,, :
:
.
yoã
yn
him
yn
They strewed toasted pop- corn grains qujcujcatiaia jlamaiooan calpoleque
at
rattle boards iveveiooan
,
,
.
[
]
-
his
or
like hailstones like scattered dice And also old men

,
,
.
his old women and the city elders made music for him
,
.
his
As
Jn
he
garb paper crown jnechichioal tlaôçalli tlaolaltilli

he
wore was covered with catca amacale
,
a
;
,
:
liquid rubber covering
he
black unguent had heron aztatzone quetzalmjiaoaio amamaxtle amaneapanale

—
a
;
,
a
,
.
feather spray with single quetzal feathers He wore paper tonaloio .

a
.
his
breech clout and had paper vestment over

a
[
[
]
-
the
shoulders with sun emblem

]
.
-
the
Eighteenth Chapter Jnic caxtolli vmey capitulo
yn
god named ytechpa tlatoa
of
which telleth teutl
in
,
,
,
:
the the
Our Lord Flayed One Xipe totec itoca xipe totec

83
,
).
(
.
He
sea
the
the
vel
god
of
was shore people proper god Anaoatl iteouh tzapoteca
in
inteuh catca
,
-
,
of
the Zapotecs
.
yn
yn
yn
his
his
His gifts itequiuh pouja ytlachioal

he
which dealt out particular creations ixcoian ineixcavil

,
,
[
,
,
,
]
:
visited people which gave them iehoatl qujtemacaia
he
he
texoxaia totomon
in
,
,
attributes with which temotlaia
,
,
ic
ic
,
were blisters sores smallpox ophthalmia maladies caus- jliztli papalaniliztli çaçaoatiliztli ixcuculiztli ixchichitin
,
,
[
,
ing
lice
the
watery eyes infected eyelashes about eyes aliztli ixtenpipixqujliztli ixtamaçoliciuiztli ixaiauhpachiu
,
, ,
, ,
, ,
,
,
the
of the
fogging filling withering iliztli ixnacapachiuiliztli

of
of
eyes eyes with ixoaoaciviztli ixtotoliciviztli
,
flesh
,
,
84
of
84
the eyes cataracts glazing the eyes ixtezcayciuiztli

,
.
.
we
yn
Jn
Those who were affected men thus sickened would aqujn ipam muchioaia cuculiztli toqujchti yuicpa
,
,
we ,
,
him
yn
thereupon saying would yujcpa mjtoaia ynjc onmaqujz jieoaio

to
vow that therefore monetoltiaia
,
,
,
[
:
the
his
yn
ilhujqujxtililo
on
on
keep having donned ynjc itlan aquiz jquac

of
skin the celebration motocaiotia

,
,
of it,
,
the Flaying
of
the Feast Men tlacaxipeoaliztli

, :
.
All hastened pursuing company wrapped tlapainaltiaia tetocaia mjequjntin momanaia muchinti
of
in
V
skins
in
,
a
(
,
blood- stained dripping gleaming coaiotiuj chichiiaoatiuj chichipicatiuj tzotzotlantiuj

in
men blood with

,
],
,
[
[
],
]
79.
Cf. Sahagún Historia general Vol 388 tecpaquachichiquilli

.p
,
II,
(
.
).
for
80. Cf. Seler Gesammelte Abhandlungen manta del sol Vol explanation
of
531
.p
...
,
II,
(
)
.
, .
81.
III
.op
un
de
on
cit
se
dardo tres puntas que

llama minacachalli Sahagún Vol 172. The corresponding Spanish text
.p
.”
.,
_
, "
Opochtli contains the same information

no
y es
como fisga aunque tiene sino tres puntas marginal insertion partly missing triangulo
"
o
los :
?
.
có ,
(
)
[
:
co
mo tridente con que hiere peces tambien matan aues

el
a
;
?
.”
(
)
83.82.
Standing the boat they propelled with long pole The Spanish text uses the term remo oar which technically inaccurate
is
in
it
a
of ,
) ,
.
.
III
indicate that Xipe enjoyed special

15
the Aubin Collection Hist gen Lib cap

to
Seler Tonalamatl 103 cites Herrera

.p
of ,
.,
,
(
is .
.
the
the
III
yopimes tlapanecos given Sahagún general Vol

A
honor Teotitlan district clear discussion Historia 133. See also

. in
in
.p
y
,
"
.
note 89
84.
Meaning problematical
.
16
blood ), so that they terrified those whom they followed .85 tetoca , ynjc motlamauhtiliaia : qujnnecaliltiaia , qujnnamjquj
the
,
They fought, joining in battle against valiant chiefs tiiacaoan tlapepenti tlatzonanti
in
,
,
:
all
chosen men
].
yn
the
all
And chiefs having taken their pleasure with yoan ixqujchti çan papaqujnj mjhivintia tlatla
in
,
,
,
),
(
imitating and pretending mati moqujchnequj moqujchnenequj amjquizmauhque
be
acted like buffoons
to
wine
,
,
,
,,
,
jostling one another acting teca momotlanj iaotlaveliloque
of
warriors unafraid death vncan moieiecoaia moiao
,
,
,
:
yn
perversely like warriors Here they exercised their arms juh mjcalizque iaopan vmpa mocacaoaia
,
mamachtiaia
,
.
yn
against those who wore skins and played combat like aiac mjtoaia
at at
totecco
,
86 ),
{
.
fighters war none resting This was Xipe totec's
in
[
,
.
temple called Totecco
.
)
yn
And the young men garbed like Xipe totec Auh totecti njman tepan cacalaquj
no
wearing noujan
ic
ie
,
,
then went everywhere from house qujn
87
human skins tzapoicpalpan
to
tlatlaeoa qujmocholcuzcatia
,
house clalilo
of ,
,
:
begging They were placed on zapote fibre seats bunches xochineapanaltia qujmicpacxochitia qujntlaoantia
,
;
; -
.
.
com
on
were hung them like jewels they placed garlands

[
They
on
their shoulders they covered them with flowers

. ,
.
to
gave them drink
And any woman had blisters ophthalmia Auh intla aca cioatl totomonja ixcocoieia qujtoa
or
she said ma
if
,
,
,
the :
:
Let
the
me
njctlamaniliz
an
offering totec iquac tlacaxipeoaliztli
of
Totec when
to
make Feast
in
,
,
.
[
“
,
)
Flaying
of
Men celebrated
is
[
]
.”
the
Jn
Xipe's garb quail painting
He wigHehis on
was thus
he
had inechichioal mizcolnechimale tenmaxaltic vltica
, tla ,
[
[
):
his
his
Rubber divided lips two parts On

On maxaliuhquj
in
face.88 yiopitzon contlaliticac conmaqujticac
,
..
Yopi crown was placed yieoaio teucujtlanacoche

89
band with forked ends caieoatl malli tzonchaiaoale
,
a
[
aa ]
-
.
He
human skin the skin captive tzapocueie tlauhtevilacachiuhquj chicaoaz

of
wore had tzitzile ichimal
,
,
,
a
a
.
leaf
ear
yn
loose feathers golden plugs zapote jmac icac
of
skirt eli
,
,
a
-
.
had rattles His shield was red and had circles His rattle
.
.
90
stick was his hand

in
the
Nineteenth Chapter god Jnic caxtolli vnnauj capitulo ytechpa tlatoa

of
which telleth named teutl
in
,
,
,
:
the
yn
Vanguard jtoca yiacatecutli

at
Lord
91
Yiacatecutli
.
the (
).
the
He god Greatly they cenca qujmaviztiliaia qujtlaquen

of
was merchants esteemed Puchteca inteuh catca
,
:
.
93
the
him
yn
arraying paper® stout traveling with tiaia amatica jntopil ymotlatopil yni nenemja ynj
in
staves
,
,
,
:
y the
de 85.
En
en
de
de
, la la en vn
The corresponding Spanish text describes scene thus esta fiesta hazian como juego cañas manera que vando
el
"
,
:
:
era
del
de
de
parte deste dios ymagen dios totec estos todos yuan vestidos pellejos hombres que aujan muerto desollados aquella
la
y
o
,
,
:
del
los
en
no
fiesta Los bando contrario eran soldados valientes osados personas velicosas
muerte esforçadas que tenjan nada
y
y
,
,
,
,
.
:
.
.
.
con
los
los
los
losde
en
de
su
se
osados atreujdos que voluntad salian combatirse con otros Alli vnos otros exercitauā exercicio guerra
el
,
,
a
,
,
., :
.
.op
los
de
cit
su
su
persegujan ynos otros hasta puesto alli bolujan huyendo hasta proprio puesto Cf. also the description Sahagún
in
y
a
,
.”
:
.pp
Antigua fiesta juego

y as
Vol 124. The game the Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Vol ejercicio
of
cañas 299-300 described

in
.p
is
las ó
I,
II,
,
"
.
.
en
de
se
caballeresco que tomaban parte dos bandos cuadrillas corriendo caballo caracoleando gallardamente arrojándose cañas que
,
, ó
the
by
resguardaban con adarga Medieval times adopted also the Spaniards nobility
A
to
Moorish exercise was reserved took the
It
in
la
it
.”
.
picturesque war game requiring considerable skill horsemanship and spear throwing
the of
form
in
a
.
87. 86.
Biblioteca del Palacio Seler Einige Kapitel has uncan

MS the Florentine Codex Seler trans
of
the Aztec text instead aiac which

in
in
is
,
.
the
los ." "

as
passage they stopped ceased place called Totecco

at
lates
. ,
,
, "
.op
los
los
de
cit
se
Cf. Sahagún Vol 124 Todos pellejos desollados vestían muchos mancebos cuales llamaban Tototecti
.p
a
.,
I,
.”
"
:
as
Cf. also ibid 123 defining Tototecti los muertos honra del dios Totec
.p
a
the .,
"
"
.
thethe
del
die
.p 102.op
im
MS Biblioteca
cit
as
Wachtelbemalung
er
88.
In
Palacio text Seler word mizçolchiuhticac translated hat Gesicht

is
"
,
."
(
.)
the
Aubin Collection term mixçolchiuhticac quail face painting

of
Seler also Tonalamatl uses

II, .p
(
).
)
(
as
89. Seler Gesammelte Abhandlungen Vol 466 translates yopi the red people Tlapaneca and gives two illustrations indi
to
(
,
),
"
(
)
.
cate that they wore pointed caps

.
the
. the
90.
The word chicauaztli means wherewith anything made strong Word and symbol obviously refer strengthening repro
of
to
is
"
'
.'
we
fertilizing hence also saw the chicauaztli with the first sign projecting between the human couples
to
ductive function sexual union Seler

in
,
the Aubin Collection

of
Tonalamatl 100
of .p
,
.
II, 91.
be
Seler suggests that the form iyacac tecuhtli yacantecuhtli the lord the prince the leader Collected Works
or
the name should

,
,
("
"
)
(
-
de .op
.pt
cit
in 57
57
he
Vol Torquemada Vol says also was named Yacacoliuhqui que tiene nariz aguileña Francisco
, el
la
, .p
.p
);
3,
.,
II,
”
("
)
)
(
.
87
17
A.
Javier Clavigero Historia antigua 1945 Vol

S.
México México Editorial Porrua adds the name Xiacateuctli

.p
n
,
II,
,
(
)
:
.
.op
as .pt
of 91
theIn
cit
as
Vol meaning lord the form Iyacatecutli which Sahagún uses

to
to
of
Seler refers Yacatecutli the nose and

.p
.,
II,
4,
",
,
"
.
the
the
the
explaining departedthis god with that Tezcatlipoca and linking Yaca

of
of
of
Florentine Codex lord connection cult

in
”,
cecutli with Ixcoçauhqui Both the latter were among the old gods
.”
"
.
.op
92
92. Cut four points and covered with liquid rubber

cit
in
Seler
.p
...
.,
(
)
:
.
.
era
93.
de
de
The corresponding Spanish text states una caña maziza que ellos llaman vtlatl tambien vsan otra manera baculo
Y
,
,
"
:
.
17
which they journeyed . Wheresoever they slept , there they
set
motlatocaia incapa cuchizque vncan qujtilquetza ixpan
yn
them up before them they did penances they drew their tlamaceoa mjço qujcopaltemjlia ynjc qujtlauhtia
,
;
(
,
his by ]
they offered incense that they might jnteouh yiacatecutli ynjc qujtlanjlia ynjc qujmatataqujlia
be
blood favored
,
,
their god Yiacatecutli thus they begged and implored yteicneliliz
—
,
:
favor.94
All manner places they came And hence noujan acitinemj calactinemj Auh moteneoa puchteca
of
to
and entered
ic
,
,
.
.
the
yn
they were named merchants who lead They took their yiaque itech canque itoca inteuh yiacatecutli
,
"
.”
,
:
:
name from their god Yiacatecutli
vel
These vanguard merchants anaoac calaqujnj qujtemotinemj
95
96
went into the coast lands Oztomeca clein
in
,
,
-
,
the for
looking well goods might they qujmonanauhtizque qujxaqualotinemj
be
whatever there anaoatl anaoatl
,
;
stretched over southern coast lands they circled around qujlacatzotinemj
,
-
the coast lands
.
-
They traveled exhausted by the heat and the winds tonalciiauhtinemj heecaciuhtinemj mociauhpouhtinemj
,
,
,
the
weakened tired heat they walked great affliction mociauhpouhtiuj elciciuhtiuj mociauhquetztiuj ymellelaci
in
in
,
,
,
,
.
; its the
Their foreheads burned they shaded sun's heat with tiuh ymjxqua tlatlatiuh intonal qujmacujtiuj intonalomjuh
,
;
their hands they plodded ietiuh

as
under rays
:
[
]
.
They betook themselves into the deserts they climbed up ixtlaoatl qujnamjctinemj atlauhtli tepetl qujtemouja
,
On
inmolicpi intetepon
on
all
and down canyons and mountains places qujtlecauja ixqujchca ana tlatlacca
—
ic
elbow
,
.
:
knee they thus sped they thus took much time moquequetza
ic
,
:
.
vel
in vel
Greatly were they wearied much did they suffer that qujciiavj qujhijouja ynic qujtemoa chalchiujtl
in in
,
,
,
tur
yn
they might precious green quetzalitzli teuxiujtl apoconalli teucujtlatl
97
find stones emeralds
in in
,
,
, :
all
quoise amber gold nepapan ihujtl quetzalli tzinjtzcan tlauhquechol

of
of
98
and feathers manner birds
in
in
in
,
,
;
[
of ]
the
tail
-the
yn
long
its
feathers quetzalº and black xiuhtototl toztli çaqua quauhtli tequaneoatl
in
in
,
[
,
'
]
:
the
100
red
and green head and breast feathers spoon- ocelupetlatl

;
.
the
the
the
the
101
102
103
bill blue cotinga parrot trupial

;
;
of;
of
eagle and the skins fierce animals ocelots

,
;
.
sin
los
, de
en
es
) es
se
que una caña negra liujana maciza nudo ninguno que como junco que ysan españa Clark Codex Mendoza James
in
(
,
.”
,
:
, :
ed
Cooper Clark and London Waterlow and Sons 1938 Vol 106 gives bamboo Bambusa spp
.;
.p
.op tr
,
II,
.)
:
.
.
cit
all
as
as
94. Torquemada 57-8 says they gathered the staves togecher girt with ribbon worshipping the staves well the god
a
.,
,
(
.
the
II, 95.
.op
91
cit
Traveling tradesmen who went into tierra caliente oztomeca anauaca calaquini Gesammelte Abhandlungen
In
Seler
.p
.,
,
(
)
(
)
:
.
der
Vol 1104 Seler states Yacatecutli Herr der Nase oder lyacatecutli der Herr der Weggegangenen war der Gott der Kar
.p
der(
,
"
')
')
:
.
.
'
('
die
die
awanenführer der oztomec anauac calaquini reisenden Kaufleute grossen Handelsexpeditionen nach der Tierra Caliente leiteten und
,
ausführten
."
the
III
.op
in cit
for
a as
Sahagún Vol the Xiuhtototl

theto
of
of
164 refers the town Oztotlan Anáhuac one towns famous

in
.p
.,
,
(
)
.
.
The reference Vol appears grade
or
to
to
to
to
of
ibid 350 Naualoztomeca refer class merchants inferior rank the Pochteca
in
.p
.,
II,
,
.
tlatoque
.
the
the
96.
designating valley Mexico especially around the lake refers also

to
to
of
Anáhuac addition area Southern Mexico essen

in
in
,
,
sea
the
the
las
as
cially tropical which borders the Spanish version this chapter Sahagún defines poblaciones que estan
In
of
coast area todas

,
,
"
.
III
Chap XII Sahagún states Fuéronse hasta Anáhuac

en de
de
que dista más cien leguas En

In
ribera mar Book from Tula Also

la la
.”
,
"
"
"
(
no .
).
del
de
de
a de
provincia todos sino aquellos que iban parte México con quien estaban aliados
yy
traban Anáhuac señor confederados
,
.
ese
En
de
se
iban todos juntos hasta pueblo Tochtepec pueblo Anáhuac Ayotlan
"
dividian unos iban otros iban Anáhuac Xicalanco
el
a
;
,
.
.
Historia general Vol 354

.p
,
II,
.
Vol
cit
as
; as
Ayotlan Op
of
Seler defines Anáhuac the Pacific coastal lands and Anauac Xicalanco the state Tabasco 456
la así .p
.,
II,
-
.
.
las
en
, de
, se
97. Las esmeraldas que llaman quetzalitztli hay esta tierra muy buenas son preciosas mucho valor llámanse porque Quetzalli
,
,
"
sin
de
es
quiere decir pluma muy verde itztli piedra navaja cual muy pulida mancha ninguna estas dos cosas tiene buena esmeralda
la
y
y cit y
,
III
.op
no
99. es
es
que muy verde tiene mancha muy pulida’y transparente resplandeciente Sahagún Vol 279.
.” p
....
y
,
sin.”
.,
,
(
. )
.
cit
los
de
ninguna mácula muy lucida

—
98. Teoxihuitl quiere decir turquesa turquesa fina Loc

yy
es
dioses
,
.
" "
en
de
se
Las plumas que cria cola llaman quezalli son muy verdes resplandecientes son anchas como unas hojas espadaña
( la
,
(
)
Ibid
las
dobléganse cuando resplandecen muy hermosamente

—
toca aire 163

el
.p
y
.”
.,
)
.
en
Et
es
100. tocado que tiene cabeza esta ave quetzaltototl muy hermoso resplandeciente llaman estas plumas tzinitzcan tiene esta
y la
a
"
;
. las ,
; (
.Loc
cit
es
pecho colorado resplandeciente preciosa esta pluma

—
ave cuello llámanla tzinitzcan

el
is el
y
se y
.”
that name Hay una ave

by
en
en
There also bird esta tierra que llama tzinitzcan plumas preciosas que tiene crialas pecho
el
a
son "
:
.
— .
.
. Loc
los
las
en
de
cit
sobacos debajo alas mitad prietas mitad verdes resplandecientes

la
la
y
or y
;
.”
.
red
las
an
yy
101. Tlauhquechol teoquechol means quecholli precious quecholli aquatic bird pecho barriga
or
Tiene cola
It
el
la
la
is
y
,
,
"
.
de
.op cit
alas color encarnado muy fino Loc

."
-
( .op
Platalea Ajaja 57n gives Platalea Ajaia rosea

cit
.op cit
as
Seler gives name Vol Vol roseate spoonbill

II
a L.
as L.
653 Clark
.p
. p
.,
aa ,
.,
I,
.p ,
(
(
)
.
S. .
III
cit
as
102. Sahagún defines xiuhtototl jay bird graja Vol Cotinga cincta
of
bird the size 164 Seler identifies

it
.,
,
(
)
.
loc
cit
Coerulea ibid 654 Clark gives Cotinga amabilis Gould

.p
.,
(
.p )
y .op .
.
III
las
asi cit
se
103. See Sahagún Vol parecen plumas amarillas

yg
164 Cuando vuela extiende cola entonces reverbera color

el
la
y
,
.,
"
(
)
:
.
las
de
en
amarillo con negras parecen como llama fuego como oro críanse Anáhuac
y
,
."
18
And [ they brought ] vases , and incense -burners , and jars Auh in tecomatl , in poctecomatl , in aiutectli , in aquaujtl,
made of calabashes , spoons for stirring cacao , and stoppers
stoppers yn atzaccaiutl:
for jars.
When they entered lands with which they were at war , intlanel iautitlan , in tzacuj, in tzacutica , tetlan onnemj,
far
in vel
and went among people who were distant they became calaquj motlacacuepa
in
nechichioaliztica nexintica
in
,
,
like their enemies their garments their hair dress their qujntlachecalhuja chaneque
in
tlatoltica
in
,
,
.
the
104
speech that they might mimic natives

,
[
.
an
And they came evil pass they were discovered Auh intla otlanecomaltique intla vittoque
to
if
vncan
if
,
,
,
aço:
aca
aço
up
in yn
qujnchillatilia
ce
ça
then they were slain ambush and served with chili qujnpoiomjctia vme
in
,
,
:
But
nē
quiça qujoalnonotzaia
oc
any one even two escaped alive
— tematitlanpa iehoatl
if
sauce.105 even
,
,
[
-
an
such Moctezuma
one informed motecuçuma
.
)
(
:
gift and decked him with
ic
This one then gave him vncan qujmaca caqujlia yapoçonaltenteuh ус
,
a
,
-lip
his
amber plug He did him honor singling him out qujmaviziotia qujnezcaiotia tiiacauh vncanic
in
ic
as
,
,
, .
of
valiant warrior thus making him man consequence oqujchtia
a
yn .
.
yn yn
And when those who returned arrived home when they Auh jquac oalacia ynchan jmiloch ynnecuepal
,
, :
yn
had come back when they had reached and had contentment oqujchiuhque otlaltechacico otlaltechpachiuhque
,
:
the
all
they feasted especially ixqujch qujnotza puchteca yoan tlatoque
in
their land merchants tlacatl
in
in
ic
,
,
(
:
the
and principal men that they might make themselves moteittitiaia

,
:
celebrated
.
the
106
the
yn
yn
washing They paid mjtoa qujmaviztiliaia itopil
of
mocxipaca
It
was called feet cenca
,
the "
."
the
great honor walking staff jtlaccaia yiacatecutli

of
Yiacatecutli
to
to
cane
,
,
:
it .
the
107
yn
set
upright They offered qujtlamanjlia

In
tribal temple they cana calpulco quiquetzaia
in
achto
it
,
.
nel
an
offering first when they laid feast And when they jquac tetlaqualtia yoan intlaca motecoanotza
,
,
:
.
yn
qujtlamanjlia
an
people banquet they always offered can muchipa jtlaquaia
in
to
summoned
it
,
a
.
offering when they ate
.
And when they ceremonially Auh intla aca tealtiz qujxeoaia jteouh
in
bathed and slew iehoatl caltiaia
as
man
,
a
the
108
yn
he
they offered yiacatecutli

of
, in
sacrifice whom was likeness anoço iehoantin mocheoaia
,
ceme
,
a
:
the
their god following gods qujnmoteutiaia chiconqujaujtl

of
Yiacatecutli
or
anoço chalmecacioatl
in
else one
of ,
or ),
,
;
[
all
whom they worshipped— Chiconquiauitl yoan acxomucujl yoan nacxitl iacapitzaoac

or
them cochimetl aiac

,
,
,
aço
yn
Nacxitl yiollotlama
ca
Acxomocuil Cochimetl qujiocuja anoço vme altiz tlacatl
ce
Chalmecaciuatl and
,
,
it ,
:
109
up for
Yacapitzauac No
of
one determined was their

,
(
.
own free will whether they should offer

or
one two men

,
.
the
yn
They bought them there vmpa concovaia tlacanecujloca azcaputzalco motlah

at
Atzca-
at
slave market
:
putzalco they sorted and arranged them turning them tlatilia motlapapatilia qujncuecuepa qujmjhitta yn
,
;
,
the
yn
good ones
,
around many times examining them buying qualtin qujncoazque acan quenamjque tlacaiecti
in
in
,
,
,
the
yn
good bodies tlacamelaoaque acan cucuxque yn

of
ca
those without blemish best men atle intlaciuh
no in
,
,
by ,
:
no
good health sick degree

in
who were marked

,
,
on
marks the body

.
the
yn
yn
on
these they slew feast day Panquetzaliztli ynjc iehoan qujnmictizque ipan panquetzaliztli
as
Such
,
,
,
-
:
Uitzilopochtli was celebrated ilhujqujxtililoia vitzilubuchtli
of
when the feast vncan

:
.
yn
Thereupon they garbed them trappings intech qujtlalia
of
like those yquac qujnchichioaia qujntlamamaca

in
,
,
Yiacatecutli which were assigned juhquj ynechichioal yiacatecutli

to
them
,
.
.
yn
let
And before they slew first they aiamo qujnmjctia achtopa qujnteittitiaia
be
them them seen Auh mitoa

,
:
the
up
They
by
people qujmjxnextia qujtemachitia tealtizque

It
was said them like

in
ic
save
,
[
.
"
:
:
Cf. y, Cf.
.op
cit
57
104. Torquemada Yacacoliuhqui propiamente representa persona que tiene viveça habilidad para mofar graciosamente
.p
.,
ò
,
,
"
(
)
:
de
es
es
engañar sabio sagàz ue propia condicion Mercaderes

y
ò
)
.
(q
Einige Kapitel
22
citing Hist Reyn Colh Mex

II
B.
105. Seler Ş83

.p
,
of (
.
)
IX
las
the Historia general deals almost entirely with the activities the merchants Chapter VI entitled De ceremonia que
of
106. Book
,
.
los
de
su
se
se
hacia mercaderes cuando llegaban casa que llama lavatorio pies mentions washing mouth and hands
a
.
del
as
107. Sahagún defines calpulli yglesia barrio perrocha Spanish version

ò
”
(
,
"
).
the
Sahagún defines Estos dueños que mataban Historia general Vol

—
108. substantive this manner estos esclavos 213

, in
.p
,
a
.”
II, I,
.
"
:
.
the
92
of .pt
According Spanish version they were four brothers and Yiacatecucli Seler Collected Works Vol
to
of
109. sister
.p
a
a ,
4,
(
)
.
.
the
for
as
recognizes Cochimet and Yacapitzauac synonyms Chiconquiauitl goddess

or
of
Yiacatecutli Chalmecaciuatl name water and

is
;
"
the
earth Acxomociul Tezcallipoca Nacxit Quetzalcoatl

is
is
”;
19
the
goods ]. " Thus it was made known to people that they
up
be
as
would offered sacrifices
.
At this time they gave gifts and had а feast iquac tetlauhtia tetlaqualtia
,
.
.
up
yn
set
all
And their victims they good place Auh jtlaaltilhoan quinquetza tlacotil
in
in
ieccan much
,
a
ipā ,
,
yn in :
yn
costly mantles which had been placed upon them And matli jntech qujntlalilia mjtotiaia tlapanco anoço
,
[
:
]
the .
the
they made them dance upon roof tianquizco cujcatinemj tlatlahtlamj jncujc ynjc
or
tops market
in
,
-
:
place And they went singing ending their song mocking momiquizquequeloa
,
[
]
.
.
death
.
in yn
any were noted Auh intla aca ottoc mjmati tlaaltilli
in
And among cenca
if
very
,
who were subtle
,
,
,jxe
up
yn
yn
songs cujcamatinj iolizmatquj iollo qujqujxtiaia
be
one skilled
to
as
those offered sacrifices
in
in
,
,
;
the ,
:
one who was ingenious who was intelligent
, and able pipilti, ipan tlacaquetzaia
:
his
set
noblemen him aside and put another place
in
.
sew
she
no
iuhquj intla cioatl intla clamachiuhquj anoço vella
or
Likewise woman could prepared food
if
if
,
,
,
a
,
,
in ; vel
well good from whose hand good food qualchioa qualli yiauh qualli intlaqual
or
made cacao achioa
in
in
—
,
,
qujxtiloia qujnmotlaca
no
and drink came good interpreter ymac quiça
or
she was her vellatolmelaoac

if
,
a
;
([
;
:
pipilti
set
also they aside The nobles took cioaoatiaia
as
such women wives
.
(
his )
.
In
put
, ix
array jnechichical
on
Yiacatecutli's was thus face was motlatlatlali mixapetzvi ytemjlo
,
]
[
[
the
quatzo
on
covered with white pyrites He had tuft of hair ixquatzone quetzallalpile teucujtlanacoche
a
,
,
.
of his
yn
pillar xiuhtlalpilli jtilma tlaçomaxtle tzitzile oiooale teccaque
aa
of
of
front head like stone and headband with
,
a
,
ear
yn
bunches quetzal feathers He wore golden plugs quetzalxicalcoliuhquj jchimal ytlaccaia ymac onoc
,
.
,
.
110
his
blue knotted cloth was cape He had costly breech- otlatopile

a
.
.
cloth He had little bells and shells He wore princely san
.
111
dals His shield bore coil pattern like gourd vessel
,
a
a
.
his
he
quetzal feathers His traveling staff was hand

in
in
;
.
had cane staff

a
the
yn
Twentieth Chapter god whose name Jnic cempoalli capitulo ytechpa tlatoa yn teutl jtoca
of
which telleth
,
,
Napa tecutli catca Napa tecutli
of
was Lord the Four Directions
ca .
(
).
yn
also belonged among the Tlalocs He
he
pouj
It
no
said that Juh mjtoa tlaloque
is
intech iehoan
,
.
:
god
the
guild calpolloc qujmoteutiaia petla

of
was the special mat makers ymjxcoian incatjan
in
who
in
,
,
[
112]
'
-
worshipped god chiuhque

as
him
a
]god .
:
of
of
fathe
And was also those who fashioned mats yoan tolcuechiuhque in tlacuechjuhque ytech mopoaia
,
[
:
113
large
of
of
reeds and those who made frames reeds

,
They spoke
yn ca
For who first taught iuh qujtoaia iehoatl achto qujnmachti qujmittiti
he
in
this wise was
in
it
,
,
"
:
to
and showed them how weave mats and make seats petlachioaliztli icpalchioaliztli
,
, .”
:
He was who owned ruled discovered began and iehoatl axcaoa cococaoaia tlatqujoa tlanextile tlatzintile
it
,
,
initiated mat making tlapeoaltile

[
.
-
).
And they spoke thus For

he
qujqujxtia
ca
who causeth the reeds Joan iuh qujtoaia iehoatl qujxoaltia
, in
is
it
,
"
,
the :
the
sprout and grow coarse ones the toli tolpitzaoac tolpatlactli tolmjmjlli, aztapili
to
in
fine thin ones

in
—
in
,
,
yn
long fat reeds and the round white ones those with sprouts tolqujiutl tolcaputl jtztoli xomali
in
in
,
,
,
:
‫وو‬
114
the black ones the sharp ones the thin ones
,
.'
iuh
He
yn
And when was his feast day they spoke thus yoan jquac ilhujuhqujçaia mjtoa tepapaca tealtia
it
,
"
:
,
yn
he
washeth and batheth men shaketh and sprinkleth rain tepan qujtzetzeloa tepan qujpixoa aoachtli cenca
,
,
;
,
him
upon them greatly they importuned laihtlanjliloia

of
For rain
[
]
”
.
[
.
.
no
And also each year they slew man who represented him Auh ipan qujxeoaia
ce
qujmictiaia
in
tlacatl tlacotli
,
,
a
,
,
slave cexiuhtica
.
a
red
de
110. Corresponding Spanish version states that esta cubierto con una manta açul sobre açul vna negra manero quel
el
y
,
,
red
"
:
las
de
pareçe por
la
se
açul mallas
”
.
,
,
as
111. The xicalcoliuhqui also has been referred conventionalized serpent head design
to
.
old
112. Calpulli clan

In its
gens which consisted probably

or
of
of
heads families controlled domestic affairs distributed common lands

., ,
.p ,
,
-
.pp
.op
his
85
de
.pt
cit
among members Seler citing Alonso

of
Vol Zorita Breve sumaria relacion Vol 72-227 various

3
II,
the ,
II,
(
)
:
:
.
.
the
its
writings Seler uses word guild when context suggests suitability

”
"
.
.p de
113. Corresponding Spanish text says hazen cañizos juncias que llaman tolcuextli
,
.”
"
III
.op
cit
114. Cf. Sahagún Vol 143 and Vol 272

.p
.,
I,
,
:
20
the
They arrayed him god xoxoujc
in
he
[ like and carried qujchichioaia ymac mantinenca xoxouhquj
],
,
,
his
green gourd vessel With xicalli vncan ietinemj atl vexotica teatzelhvia
ic
hand which was water
in
,
,
a
.
:
.
115
he
branch sprinkled people
.
his
yn
yn
but sometime during
on
And when not feast day jquac amo ilhujuh
no
Auh
oc
can nenmajan
ce
,
:
the
year was paid Napa tecutli qujxiptlaiotiaia qujchichioaia
to
devotion another
],
,
a
[
,
:
him
man impersonated and they decked him similarly
).
aca
yn
of
of
When one qujnequj ychan qujtotiz
tla
the makers mats desired that there should jquac petlachiuhquj
,
,
his qujnepieltiz vmpa qujvicaia calpuleque teatzelhujtiuh
be
he
at
dance house that should observe devotion
in
,
,
a
a
[
)
the ,
:
the
116
his
governors guild calpuleque iuhqujn qujtlanjliaia ynjc qujmicneliz
of
escorted teaoachvitiuh
ic
,
,
[
.
(
)
the
the
impersonator who went sprinkling people
of
god
they ), prayed they might
be
with water since had that
,
benefited
.
his
the
yn
iuhquin yvic mocujtlaxculixtlaoaia
he
And when Yoan
of
delivered himself faults açaca
ie
cele-
,
[
:
his
brant brought forth goods and chattels vnca itlaquj yaxca
,
]
:
He said May eat not vain may qujtoaia njcnenqua njenenpolo
in
consume not
in
macamo macamo
I
,
"
I
:
ma
ma
use not for myself alone that which hath bene
ic yn
vain may macamo njenixcauj nocneliloca onqualo onjoa
,
ma ,
,
in :
ma ma
all
May onpopoliuj onmjtoti napa

be
fited me eaten drunk consumed that dance toteouh tecutli

,
,
a
,
:
.
for
be
Napa tecutli May
yn yn
danced our god now live soon iuhquj njcochiz iuhquj
ac
ac
çaquen njnonemjtiz
,
,
I
, ,
,
.
sleep soon awake again The god njneoaz qujmati açocitla nechmomaqujliz
he
knoweth if will iehe
,
[
,
]
.
me
he
give anything willeth that anything qujmomacaviliz

be
to
given
if
,
.”
yn
Then
he
covered the impersonator with large cotton quixquentiaia quachtli ixiptla muchioaia
ce
ic
ic
a
,
cal
the
yn
mantle who thus clothed then departed with alquiça ichan
,
,
;
:
.
the
puleque from mat maker's house

]
[
-
]
.
his
the
yn
all
And then mat maker feasted kinsmen auh muchitlacatl tlatlaquaia joaniolque
ic
,
[
]
-
.
the
yn
And the guild hall where was guarded jcalpulco vmpa pialoia yxiptla cenca tlamauiz
in
image Auh
for of
in
,
(
himthe
the
god mat makers greatly honored and cared tiliaia tlâceliaia petlachiuhque muchipa petlateteca
in
],
, ,
, ,
-
set
up
Always they spread out mats and seats they icpalteteca tlatzetzeloa
, tlachpana tlacuicuj tletlalia
,
;
.
out
shook things
they swept clean they removed rub- muchipa copaltema tlatetzcaliuhtoc tlatetzcaliuhtimanj
,
,
[
,
]
the
bish they laid fires Always they swept

çe
hall very clean atle vetztoc tlacolli

,
,
(
.
.
lay
they provided incense No rubbish about

.
.
yn
the
And god bedight Auh yujn mjxtlilpopotz

he
this manner was

in
was cov- muchichioaia motlilovac
,
[
;
]
his
mixtlilhuj
aa
black unguent thick coating mjchchiaujticac yiamacuexpal

a of
ered with face had amacale ama
,
,
, ,
,
;
a
at of his
soot face was blackened and was spotted with iztaccaque aztapil
—
maxtle tzitzile atlacueçonanchimale

it
,
,
paste amaranth seed He wore paper crown His hair- topile
a
.
.
.
the
his
of
dress He wore
of
back paper
,
head was
,
a
.
paper breech clout He had bells and white sandals He

.
.
-
lily
the
bore shield ornamented with water flowers and

[
He long thick reeds

of
leaves carried staff

a
.
be the
Twenty first Chapter which telleth Jnic cempoalli vce capitulo ytechpa yn
of
those called tlatoa itoca

,
,
-
yn
Little Molded Ones Tepictoton tepictoton jnoan pouja tlaloque

to
who were held

),
(
among the Tlalocs

.
pouj
yn
The Tepictoton were also thought belong among No ynoan intech tlamjloia tlaloque
to
,
[
the Tlalocs
.
yn
Those thus named Tepictoton were only imagined qujmixiptlaio

in je
They mjtoaia tepicto çan qujmonpiqujia

,
,
.
representations tetepe caço catle tepetl

of
in
as
made them various mountains tiaia

,
.
.
yn
And any who were palsied stiffened paralyzed cramped Auh aqujn coaciujia Oaoapaoaia quaquauhtia
,
,
,
,
the
yn
any who were threatened with drowning when cocototzauja aqujn atlan miquiznequj ehecatl ipan
or
wind anoço
,
:
the
then vow that they would moquetza atla vncan monetoltiaia ynjc tepiquiz
in
arose over water would

:
,
,
images that they would representations qujnpiquiz quetzalcoatl ycue

of
fashion mold chalchivitl tlaloc

in
in
,
;
,
:
:
yn
de
115. The corresponding Spanish text specifies ramo salze sauce

.p "
"
(
).
223
the
.op
de
cit
to
116. According Durán Vol calpuleque were señores guardas barrios

,
ó
.,
II,
"
."
(
)
.
21
Quetzalcoatl, Chalchiuitl ycue , Tlaloc, Popocatepetl, Iztac popucatepetl , iztac tepetl , poiauhtecatl : yoan in çaço
tepetl, Poiauhtecat1,117 and any other mountains of which quezqujtetl tepetl in qujnteneoaz in qujpiquiz .
they had vowed to make representations .
of the
And they represented they made their Auh qujnpiquja qujmixiptlatiaia tetepe
in
, in
in
mountains çan
,
,
,
118
images only dough amaranth and maize tzoalli qujntlacatlaliaia qujntlacatlachieltiaia clacatlachix
in
,
seed
a
,
,
look like men ticarca
to
made
in
human form made
:
.
They gave them teeth squash seeds they provided them qujntlantiaia aiooachtli auh
of
qujmjxtelolotiaia aiecutli
in
;
:
fat
the
With quenamj yntlatquj qujmixiptlatiaia qujnpiqujia
of
eyes black beans whatever adornment
in
in
in
,
[
.
çan
iuhquj ynjc qujnchichioaia
no
mountains were represented thus when they made them
.
)
they thereupon arrayed them
.
And they made papers and they spattered them with Auh yoan qujchioaia amateteujtl colchachapatzaia
,
,
liquid rubber.119 And they laid these over them colchipiniaia qujnquequentiaia
as
mantles
:
.
these papers which were spattered with cequj tlaolchipinjlli tlaolchachapa
of
And some auh amatetevitl
in
,
,
liquid rubber they hung tzalli mecatitech qujpipiloaia mecatitech qujnenetechilpiaia

on
drops
of
cord tied and fas-

,
,
a
so
tened together that they were held row before qujnenetechçaloaia ymjxpan antoc itzacutoque
in
in
ic
,
,
a
,
the small molded ones Tepicme tepicme
:
[
].
They rustled oztopilquaujtl
of
quivered the breeze Canes papapatlacatoc papatlantoc
in
and flew hiçanacatoc

,
,
,
.
the
the
yn
fat
necoccampa tlatlalacticac tetzotzonticac

at
round reeds held cord both ends canes necoc nenecoc
,
,
,
[
by ]
,
[
]
the
were stuck into and supported ground On this were itech antoc teteujtl
.
.
the
held rubber spotted papers

-
And green spotted gourd was split two and cored Auh tzilacaiutli tlaixtlapantli tlaittitatactli ymixpan
in
,
a
:
the
in set
Before Tepicme they this which they called the ipam poujia vctli
ca
mamanca chalchiuhxicalli vctli vnca
ic
,
(
,
]
,
turquoise cup for the wine which the wine was Thus mamanca .
,
,
they offered them wine

[
And
yn
of
was the office the priests alone who were experi- Auh çan tlamacazque jntequiuh
to it
iehoan
in
in
,
,
yn
the
set
make Tepicme and them place None machiceque catca qujnchichioaia qujntlaliaia aiac
in
in
enced
,
,
[
:
.
of
or
the householders dared make adorn them qujnchichioaia
in
çan moiocuiaia calla
in
,
.
.
the
the
on
And fifth day when they feasted priests Auh macujltica qujntlalhujaia mjtoa qujnmolcaoal
in
,
,
[
],
1
they caused them forget
to
tiaia
in
was said tlamacazque

it
1
the
yn
When Tepicme were fashioned thereupon they held cauhque tepicme njman qujntocaviia
ie
ie
ic
,
,
o
vigil and made music for them qujncujcatia

a
:
the the
During night they made offerings they napa qujntlamanjlia tamalololli

in
in in
four times ceiooal
in
,
;
,
the
for
theset
priests
before them who sang songs qujnmacaia qujmanaia ymjxpā tlamacazque
in
before
,
,
,
Tepictoton round tamales which they gave them tepiccujca

,
:
the .
And four times they offered them food during night yoan qujntlapichiliaia
no
napa qujntlamacaia ceiooal

in
,
,
the
and they made music for Tepictoton

[
).
They whistled with their fingers they made music for qujnmaquiqujxiliaia tecuciztli qujnpichiliaia yoan
in
,
,
them with shells with flutes and with fifes vilacapitztli cocoujlotl
,
,
,
.
cut
Young jesters their cups who capers and amused vilacapitzoaia çan telpopochti papaqujnj haavienj
in
,
,
,
blew the flutes They also were offered food mihivintianj tececemeltianj ceceleque
no
people tlamacoia
,
,
.
.
.
on
Auh yn otlatvic njman qujnmictia

yn
And the next day they slew the Tepictoton images tepicme quinquech
);
,
[
they slew them like sacrificial quail twisting their necks qujnquechcuj qujnquechilacatzoa çatepan qujncem
,
cotona
,
,
.
,
the
up
yn
Then they gathered and carried away Tepictoton ololoa concēcuj tepictzoalli qujtquj calmecac yn
in
,
figures made dough vmpa onoque tlamacazque

of
of
to
amaranth seed and maize

a
.
,
-
the
the
priests house where dwelt priests

,
'
yn
yc
tepiqujnj njman
he
And
be
to
who caused fashioned the Tepicme Auh calaqujh itlacoanotzal

in yn in
there-
ie
(
,
his
upon returned guests where they were entertained jcooaoan vncan mopia mopixtoque
to
hoan
,
,
,
:
.
in all
And the evening nightfall auh iooatiuh tevtlac niman tlaoana

in
toward then the old

ie
ie
sat in
ic
ie
,
,
the
yn
yn
people drinking wine those already advanced age motlaoancatlalia veuetlaca chicaoaque otlachi
in
—
ie
,
,
the
are
; air
cf.
corresponding Spanish text Popocatepetl and Iztac tepetl eaks

of of
of
of
117. Gods water and rain Iztac ciuatl mountain

(
,
)
).
-p
the Valley Mexico Poiauhtecatl Mt. Orizaba

in
in is
ren
the
27
dough Spanish column zerquetschten Samen des Stachelmohns Einige Kapitel

of
118. Made vna massa Seler ders

.p
it
;
de ),
,
(
)
.
los
de
119. unos papeles llenos gotas ulli cuales papeles llamaban amateteuitl Sahagún Historia general Vol 120
.p
a
,
1,
"
)
.
.
.
22
1
the
the
the
,
ie
well -matured gray headed calhujque quaiztaque tzoniztaque yoan
ynin
in
white haired and
ie
,
,
;
-
old women ilamatlaca jlamatque
:
.
vel
the
Of
quizque
in
iehoan vctli
in
these was exclusive privilege that they should innemac catca
it
.
drink wine
fill
viujloa
all
And when they had drunk their thereupon Auh
in
otlaivintic niman cecenmanoia
ic
ie
went
,
,
,
their houses dispersed and scattered xixitinjoa
to
:
.
off
yn
yn
Some went weeping some danced the warriors dance aca mochoqujlitiuh aca moqujchitotiuh mjtotitiuh
,
;
;
'
the
yn
they danced ceremonial dance some walked weak kneed momamantiuh aca tetzatzilitiuh
;
-
.
some went shouting
.
the
no
Auh
yn
in
And first wine makers were entertained they rested vctlali achto molcaoaltiloia çan
,
onnenca
:
-
yn
from their office itequjuh jchiujl
,
.
yn
was explained that for four days they should fast and tlacaqujtiloia navilhujtl qujneçaujliaia
It
maçaoaia
,
the
abstain during their work lest wine sour itequjuh ynic amo xocoiaz
,
,
:
[
vel
vel
They should
no
look mopiaia
to
their strict abstinences man motlacaoaltiaia amo cioacochia amo
,
;
oqujchcochia intla cioatl
lie
might with woman nor woman with
,
man
:
a
a
,
vel
the
the
yn
none might taste wine nor syrup çan niman aiac ontlapaloaia vctli yoan necutli
in
And from
,
,
(
[
it ]
which was made while was being prepared ynic muchioaia

it
],
:
.
vel
vel
One might not even dip one's finger into one paid aiac inmanel imapil conaqujaia ymacaxoa
it
it
,
;
,
the
yn
yn
reverence and treated delicately until wine was malhujloia ixqujchica moiacaxapotlaz vctli
it
.
120
tapped
.
yia
yn
Auh
yn
him who secretly tasted aqujn ichtaca tlapaloaia
of
And secret drank tlachtaca inmanel

it
who
in
,
,
,
some even tasting only little was said that his mouth çan tepiton oconpalo iuh mjtoaia tennecujlivia tepantiliviia
it
,
it a
,
,
:
121
yn
would become twisted avic momamana avic xoqujvi
ite
be to
would stretch one side to

,
:
his
one side mouth would shift would drawn over

it
;
leg
his
or
or
And one were lame yoan matzicoliujia yma qujcuecuetza icxi

in
one hand arm

, if
if
aca
in
,
,
,
the
icxicopichauj
or
, or
quivered foot became misshapen foot quicuecuetza macopichauj

or
hand icxicuecuechca
,
,
a
his
his
or
lips quivered yhixatotoco tenpapatlaca itech qujneoa mjtoa

or
or
shook eyes trembled one tenviviioca

if
,
it ,
,
,
:
the
by
green moun- oqujtlavelique xoxouhque tepicme

aа
were possessed
in
devil was said that
,
.
by
tain gods had been angered him

.
yn yn
yn
And when the day broke thereupon took place the dis- Auh otlathujc njman apeoalo apeoa çan
ic
ie
,
,
:
the
the
of the
vel
At
posal only ioaniolque

of
in
in
remains distribution relatives iehoan icalloc centlaca cemeoa
in
, ,
,
.
vel
yn
vel
family they
his
the people
of of
the household the same icujtlaxcolloc imecaioc

,
:
-
of
parentage the same womb those the same clan

,
,
took part
[
.)
all
They called apeoalo iquac cempoliuja tlatlamj quex

, of
in
the distribution the leftovers then moteneoa
it
, ,
,
all ;
atl
the
up
food and drink were consumed used finished qujch mocaoaia tlaqualli
in
in
,
:
.
of the
And xaiocomjc vctli
in
they left nothing dregs quexqujch
oc
in
of
122of
what still remained yoan omocauh

in in
,
the
of
of
fruit aiuctli tlachioalvctli iztac vctli

in
the wine watered wine cochvctli

in
in
vessel
,
,
,
.
123
of
of
wine white wine sleep producing

,
wine
,
And Auh yn tepiqujnj tepicquj intla coacivi juh omjto yn

he
who had the images made had the gout

he he
as
if
in
,
,
:
,
yn
aqujn atlan miquizquja ynjc amo

he
And tlacpac patiz yoan

to
was said above was thus cured who was have

ic
,
:
he .
did
but
his the
not
die
ynjc tepiquj ynjc moxtlaoa ynjc qujneltilia

be
images mje
to
drowned when caused iehoatl

,
,
:
ynnetol
his
made thus paid debt and thus fulfilled vow

.
.
all
yn
yn
yn
yn yn
And their adornment their paper garlands worn over Auh jxqujch jnnechichioal jntlaquen
—
,
one
yn
yn
jmoztopil jntlapetlanjlquauh
or
sign jmamaneapan
of
of
be
to
as
one shoulder death slain before

,
,
a
(
the gods jmaiauhcocul

of
their staves round thick reeds and their

],
:
124
flame sticks their cloud bundles

,
;
-
-
Cf. the
yn
yn
and turquoise cups and their little sauce bowls with yoan jnchalchiuhxical yoã jntlaquaia molcaxtotonti
,
,
deldel
.op
.op
cit
is 29
38
MS Cf.
cit
120. Seler citing marginal gloss Biblioteca Palacio also explanation Sahagún Vol
in in
in
.p
.p
,
.,
.,
,
I
.
.
loc
Cf.
MS
cit
121. Probably tenpatiliviia meant thus appears Biblioteca Palacio Seler

It
.)
.
122. Possibly aoctli

.
123. See Molina Vocabulario

(
).
this
H.
de
Vol
as
124. Alvaro Tezozomoc Mexique Ternaux Compans Jannet 1853 300 describes light
P.
,
tr
Histoire Paris
.;
a .p
,
) ,
a
it I,
,
-
.
:
(
)
des
eût
.op
30
..
cit
lightning stick
dit
flame colored club

en
on
qu'il calls Blitzholz

et
des étincelles Seler

.p
sortait flammes
-
"
(
.,
)
:
.
(
.
.
23
the
the
ate
the
which [ celebrants little wooden bowls and quauhcaxtotonti çoqujtecontotonti muchi vmpa concaoaia
,
)
,
all
clay bowls they left Tepetzinco they threw tepetzinco contepeoaia vmpa anepantla ytocaiocan
a at
these atlan
,
:
. :
the
off
them into place called Pantitlan pantitlan
at
water shore
,
,
.
Twenty second Chapter the god with Jnic cempoalli vmume capitulo ytechpa tlatoa
of
which telleth tezca
in
,
,
-
the
his
yn
mirror hair Tezcatzoncatl who also was held tzoncatl jnoan pouj centzontotochti
of in
),
,
(
.
be
the four hundred

to
one rabbits centzontotochti
of ).
he was
the
125
He
ca
wine times past full Jehoatl vctli ieppa tlatlaculli ipan machoia
in
considered
in
,
,
[
:
]
off
sin
he
hurled people crags strangled people tetepexiuja tequechmecanja teatlauja temjctia
he
For
;
,
.
people
he
drowned killed them
,
him
an
He was awesome being One did not affront one tetzavittonj amo pinavilonj amo chicoittolonj
,
.
.
did
not speak lightly him

of
, yn
of
And this Tezcatzoncatl was also considered one those Auh ynjn tezcatzoncatl ynoan pouj ynoan eoa
,
yn
yn
of
called the four hundred rabbits , who are the substance moteneoa centzõtotochti vctli innacaio Jauhtecatl
i
,
wine Ijouhtecatl Acolhua Tlilhoa Pantecatl Izquitecatl Aculhoa tlilhoa pantecatl Jzqujtecatl Toltecatl papaztac
,
,
,
,
-
Toltecatl Tlaltecaiooa Ome tochtli Tepoztecatl

Papaztac Tlaltecaiooa vme tuchtli tepuztecatl chimalpanecatl
,
. ,
,
126
Chimalpanecatl Colhuatzintecatl Colhoatzincatl

,
.
the
for
yn
array
his he of
And he Auh jnechichioal

as
Tezcatzoncatl had the white Tezcatzoncatl aztatzone iacametze

,
,
,
heron feather headdress had crescent shaped ornament amanacoche cveçalvitoncaoa chaiaoac cuzque colotlalpile
;
,
-
,
- the
a He
itztopile tecpatopile
no
through septum paper ear plug
of
nose and vmetuchchimale tzitzile
,
a
-
.
.
fan
of
had shaped ornament red arara feathers and

a
the
neck piece with flecks scattered over He had knotted

it
.
He
the
fin
representations scorpions del libro
of
cloth with carried

]
[
pulque gods shield the obsidian staff and the flint staff
,
,
.
'
And also he had rattles

.
.op
.p be
cit
125. Yeppa formerly times past Molina The meaning also could thrice
in
.op ,
.”
"
.pp (
.)
:
the
III
for
67
cit
126. See Sahagún explanation

of
Vol Vol 139 Vol

V
112 311 314 names

.p
;
;
.,
,
I
:
24
APPENDIX
Apendiz
del
primero libro
del
en
Comiença apendiz primero libro que
el
se
,
:
confuta ydolotria arriba puesta por
la
el
,
testo
,
en :
sagrada escriptura lengua mexi
de
la
buelta
уy
,
testo suficientemente
el
cana declarando
,
.
:
1
!
ILLUSTRATIONS
libro de los dioses
pun izmope : todo quan
ello
ichia tlapaloaia
pn
stezian
rain
Pecca porque jucamy tlach
,
heres
,
estos
te
tym wsite pia inmand on topibn gan
de se
so
rata contrad
.
,
felta
10
19h
dana
Despues
la
,
sabada poslo myteaia Romeoghiwa
de asasque
de
:
auya herbo
el
Juceo mañana
,
,
liiche juntauan parinter kepanthvia avic momamanz
,
y los :
asutumipos
avic zogurvi puitt yian maut
alos
su
barrio.co
,
y
de
te
todos
su
:
casa acabauan
y
:
makichujid yma
que
que 14a
me
lo
bence
,
comez todo
se
,
de
,
cue
bzade la
,
fiesta Jesto lamavom
iczı qui
.
cueta
,
spevalo que queue stezir madidura cuelga ma
,
:
al que chaua
nin
copichauj
do
xx1 pichauj lani
,
comido beuy
y:
v
, ,
que
dia
guna
de
cue
debe
davant comer
phurantoio ten
,
que
dia
los
auechua
met puza otro Dezian
,
ten
esta
,
papurtard
,,
poteses
viviwa mich
,
aziendo nanana
h
,
fickha
las
ode
de
de
qualesqujena
la
gota
:
opujtavelique
,
Jeyndua mitoa
,
que aruha
tás
se
?
emfermedades dizezo
,
tepme
de que
mWxouhque
de
atpun
,
H .
awan ceapade
les
i
ficr
ynotlathuz niman
su an
peleze apena
,
goua hazer esta
ä
con :
an
ymi
reto
ynapeta
ta
lo
cumplian Acabada : ichoan
,.
,
los
adere
y
fiesta papeles
toda
ialıc inan
vd
in
la
canique
:
,
,
y
,
congue augan adornado estas

cos
,
icujNaz
in
las
varijas que
vd
ytodas Hua ameia
,
magines
,
,
:
tujan para ambir

yn
side menesker
el
vd
:
y,
mecanice motone
,
:
am colloc i
do
tomauanlo lcuauanle
,
to
igual cempeliya
,y de
Ja
questa cnla laguna apocalo

in ,
sumideu
,
que
Nan
llama panti Hatlami querqujch mocdon

,
nexua
se
le :
arenjauan tede
all
voan insa
.
mait intlaqualli
ja
:
,
OOOOO
zand
querqujd omcavh come

in
vchimaiuetl intla chisalvchi
,
ccvetli Auh pike

,
mevchi
m
.
3
piquni mkepitqu mtla cena

:
njuh omjto tlapk repat

,
:
,
y
ví
Voan pragun atlim mu.juzgaja
Page from Florentine Codex

993
maan
co
UIN
a
3
MAMA
3
Aſter Paso Troncoso

y
Uitzilopochtli -- Painal -- Tezcatlipoca

-
Tlaloc
2
4
1
.
.
.
916
II
5 —Quetzalcoatl . 6— Ciuacoatl . -
7 Chicome coatl.
--After Paso y Troncoso
8 - Teteu innan .
!
11
10
- After Paso y Tronco o

9 Tzapotlan tenan . 10-- ( juapipilti . 11 - Chalchiuhtli yeue. 12--Tlacolteutl .
W
15
je
13— Xiuhtecutli . -
14 Macuilxochitl or Xochipilli . 15-- Omacatl .
-After
16- Ixtlilton .
Paso y Troncoso
he
S
19.
x
x
x
xx
18. 20

17 —Opochtli . 18 —Xipe totec. 19 Yiacatecutli . 20- Napa tecutli .
28
an
27
21
ALL
28
it
PR 23
24
27 Chalehiuhth
:
21 - Tezcatzoncat ).
yeue ( Chap.11 ) .
22-26
—Tepictoton .
28—Tlalocan ( Temple of Tlaloc ) ( Chap . 11) .

30
33
31
Kirim
OOOOO 39

29 — Tzapotlan tenan ( Chap . 9 ) , Chalchiuhtli ycue ( Chap . 11) , Chicome coatl ( Chap . 7) . 30—Tlacolteutl - Confes
-
sion ( Chap . 12) . 31 --Napa tecutli ( Chap . 20) . ( Chap . 21) . ( Tepictoton )
-
32— Tepictoton 33-- Pantitlan
( Chap 21) . 34 Appendix , Chap . 13. 35 Appendix , Chap . 13.
10
38
()
1
49
---
After Paso Troncoso

y
38
40
- -
41 36
37
Appendix Appendix Titlacauan Opochti

-
Refutation Refutation Xiuhtecutli

-
-
.
.
[
]
.
].
43
Yiacatecutli 42 Tezcatzoncatl — Tepicme

:
.
.
1
APPENDIX
Prologue Prologo , mexicano
Ye who were born here, in New Spain : ye Mexicans, In amehoantin , in njcan antlaca , in nueua españa : in
are
ye Tlaxcalans , ye Cholulans , ye Michoaca ;
ye
all
anmjchoaque
in
in
who anmexica antlaxcalteca ancholulteca
in
,
in ,
,
vassals dwelling the Indies amjxqujchtin
of
in
land the yoan njcan annemj
in
anmacehoaltin
in
in
,
india tlalli ipan
yn
your fathers ca cenca yoan netlapololtiliztli
Your ancestors grandfathers and great vey claiooalli
,
—
,
you
is left
grandfathers great darkness error unbelief atlaneltoqujliztli tlateutoqujliztli jpan oamechcauh
in
in
in
,
,
- —
yn
yn
yn
and idolatry your ancient picture writings tiaque
in
as
evident amotahoan amoculhoan

amachcoculhoan
,
,
ie ,
,
.
:
ipā
yn
juh neci uecauh amotlacujlol
in
,
:
vel
vel
Hear and understand well For now ma cenca xiccaqujcan xicacicacaqujcan Ca
in in in
pass
to
hath come
,
it
.
.
that the Lord our God hath His

be in
oqujmonequjlti
to
heart cause the totecujo otlacauhquj
it
dios
in
axcan
,
,
you
the
the
the
light tlaujlli
yn
splendor jiollotzin oamechoalmjoalili ocotl
in
to
torch sent that true
in
,
,
,
,
:
for
vel
all
tlanextli injc anqujmjximachilizque
be
God and creator who careth His creatures may nelli dios
in
,
,
:
teiocuianj qujmocujtlaujtzinoa jxqujch jtlachioal
to
made known you
in
in
in
,
,
.
tzin
yn
yn
yn
For error
all
which you have lived netlapololtiliztli jpan annemj jxqujch

in
past time came

in
Auh
,
,
,
yn
And with this light
ca
you hath misled and deluded you cavitl vmpa otioallaque amechiztlacaujaia
to
It
iehoatl
,
:
.
and splendor you may attain true faith amechtlapololtiaia tlavilli anqujcnopil
in
in
auh tlanextli
,
,
.
vel :
.
jca
yn
huizque melaoac tlaneltoqujliztli
,
:
vel
jtlatoltzin
, of
And thus you may hear and accept the word God yoan anqujcuizque anqujcaquizque
in
ic
,
,
,
the
vel
yn
King njcan icujliuhtica
he
your lord Spain

of
dios
in
here written which hath iehoatl amotlatocatzin
in
,
,
,
in you ,
:
,rey
the
Holy amechvalmjvalili jxiptlatzin
no
as
as
españa
be
God's Vicar
in
to
to
caused sent well iehoatzin

in
in
,
,
:
Father who dwelleth Rome Dios Sancto padre
in
roma moyetztica
in
,
,
.
.
And this they have caused Auhinjn injc
be
ca
that you may ipampa oqujmuchivilique

to
done inmac
,
,
the
the
yn
and that you may attain anquiçazque ioan ynjc anqujcnopilvizque
of
escape hands devils diablosme

in
,
the Kingdom :
of
Heaven jlvicac tlatocaiotl

.
.
The Truth Jmelaoaca in teutlatolli

of
God's Word
12
yn
on
Jn
The people here
ca
earth who know not God who esteem tlalticpac tlaca amo qujmiximachilia dios
in
,
,
Him not are only vain and worthless For men their
in
if
amo tlaca ipan pouj

ca
ca
çan nentlaca nenquizque intla
,
:
hearts and understanding knew God's creations they had yntla iniollo intla intlacaqujliz
, in
tlaca vnca vnca
,
,
:
known God Because they esteem and know creatures they jtlachioalhoan dios intech canazquja intech qujcuizquja
,
,
,
.
had known that He exists that He the Creator the jximachocatzin dios ipampa qujmjtta qujximati
is
in
in
in in
,
,
qujmatizquja
of
Creator God who

ca
man not seen tlachioalti monemjtia

is
vmmoetztica
,
,
-
yn
tlachioale teiucoianj amo motta iehoatzin dios

in
in
,
.
And they took not example Auh ynjn iuhquj
of
these did not God's qujchiuhque

yn ca
so
amo amo itech

,
;
Thus they acknowledged ynjc qujmjximachiliz

for as
creations God's creatures omjscujtique jtlachioalhoan dios

,
[
.
their gods their lords

yn
yn
yn
God their Creator they forgot quja jnteouh jntlatocauh jnteiocuscatzin

,
dios
,
,
[
,
.
in yn
God's creatures çan itech omotlapololtique jtlachioalhoan dios

.
:
fire
the
the
the
They worshipped
atl
gods oqujmoteutique
the as
in
in
in
water wind tletl ehecatl tonatiuh

,
,
,
,
,
,
the
the
sun stars These things they worshipped cicitlalti oqujnmoteutique

in
hi
moon metztli iehoãtin

in
,,
,
,
;
.
saying
to
them qujtoque
:
,
are
the
Verily you
us
you guide tinemj tlatquj

us
you rule
ca
ca
ca
creators impal techiacana techpachoa

,
*
,
,
ca
Verily you order things you protect things tlamama

.
,
.”
A.
Greatly they
In
motlapololtianj injc
A.
the blind the mad were idolators

ca
These iehoantin ixpopoiume

,
y
,
,
,
,
.
non
the
Aztec text begins here the thirteenth fourteenth twelfth and sixteenth chapters
of
127. The
of
fifteenth Book Wisdom the

in
,
,
-
Vulgate's Latin The Aztec text parallels rather than translates the Latin
).
.
27
honored God's creatures , as if they illumined , revealed , and otlateutocaque : ca cenca qujmaujçoque, yn jtlachioalhoan
gave comfort to men . And these should not be thus wor- dios , ynjc tlanextia , ynjc pepetlaca , in teiollalia : auh ynjn
be remembered that God , their
shipped , because it should amo ic qujmoteutizquja : ca çan ic qujlnamjquizquja , ca
,
Creator is most powerful, giving more light, illumination , OC
cenca , ynjc cenca tlanextia ,
tlapanauja pepetlaca ,
and comfort. teiollalia , tepapaqujltia , yn jnteiocuxcatzin dios :
vel
For only He , alone , revealeth , giveth light , comforteth iceltzin itetzinco quica pepetlaca
vel in
in çan tlanextia
in
,
all
all
yn
instructeth only He alone the Creator jxqujch teiollali jxqujch teclamachti
in
iehoatzin
is
,
,
,
.
çan vel izeltzin tlachioale
.
itla
B.
Auh intla cenca otlamaujçoque ipampa cequjnti
B.
they had wondered greatly
of
And because some
if
are
qujlnamjquizquja
ca
God's creatures strong they had considered God their chioalhoan dios cenca chicaoaque
,
,
:
yn
oc
Creator even stronger jnteiocuxcatzin dios cenca chicaoacatzintli
,
,
.
.
the
All God's power
Jn
jsqujch iueli dios ynjc cenquizca tlamatinj
C.
C.
the wisest richest the most
in
is
,
glorious For His creatures appear For He , ynjc cenca tecujltono cenquizca teclamachti ytlachioal
ca
Him very in
is
,
.
:
.
great He made the world Many things hath He made very tzin itech neci iehica
ca
cenca vey cemanaoac oqujmuchi
;
,
:
.
vel
vel
wonderful very glorious ujli cenca mjec tlamantli oqujmuchiujli mauiztic
,
,
.
tetlamachti
.
the
and
D.
Jnjque
D.
hi
These idolaters resist draw back They tlateutocanjme momanauja motzinqujxtia
,
,
.
say qujtoa
:
:
we
We seek Him for ourselves
ca
of
the Giver
in
covet teohanti iehoatzi tictotemulia iehoatzin
in
,
;
"
the
we
yn
Life Creator For through Him jpalnemoanj teiocujanj
ca
tiqueleuja ytech
to
have come doubt auh
in
,
, ,
:
.
the
the
on
His
oc
otitotzotzonato cicitlalti yoan
in
tonatiuh
ca in
in
the sun moon stars and other creations metztli
,
,
,
,,
;
,
,
are
and
account they estimable valued they have com- cequj tlachioalti ipampa mauiztique vellaçoti cenca
,
;
[
:
]
are
nel
vel
we
forted and enriched men For truly
ca
strong teiollalique tetlamachtique
of
not men titlaca amo chicaoac

,
,
:
.
heart and understanding toiollo totlamachiliz

in
in
,
."
.
Jnjn tlatolli ynjc momanauiznequj
E.
With sought
E.
tlateutocanjme
to
these words the idolaters defend

,
[
:
amo teiolpachiujti çan tequalanj ipampa amo
do
ca
ca
themselves For they not quiet men's doubts but only teiol
,
,
.
not
pachiujti tlateutoqujliztli
do
ca
anger because they quiet

doubts For their iehoantin oquipeoaltique
in
in
them
,
,
.
these who began idolatry saw and discovered many dan mjec clamantli oqujnextique oqujttaque ouj tlatolli
in in
,
ouj:
.
the
xiuhtlapoaliztli tonalpoaliztli yoan
oc
gerous teachings they saw and discovered way cequj
to
reckon
in
in
,
,
;
the
the
years and days and other ingenious conceits And tlatolli oqujttaque oqujnextique auh quenjn omojol
in
,
:
.
and
by
by
just inquiry they knew what nonotzque quenjn oqujnemjlique injc oqujximatque
in
, in
as
consultation
,
,
[
things were just iuhquj ynjc qujximatizquja

no
oc
could they have seen and

so
much better omoteneuh çan oalca

,
,
,
:
the
yn
found God and Creator they had counseled qujttazquja jpalnemoanj tlachioale intla vellanemj
in
if
true
,
,
[
[
]
lianj intla
vel
and inquired well among themselves moiolnonotzanj

,
.
.
the
are
tlacamjccapupul
F.
perverse and unhappy these accursed Ointlaueliltic

in
, in
iehoanti
F.
in
Behold
,
,
,
,
,
dead who worshipped gods images thus qujmoteutique tetlaxintli quaujtl tlaxintli teixiptla
in
in
as
fashioned
in
in
,
ic ,
,
yn
gold tepatillo teucujtlatl anoço tepuztli

of
of
copper tlachiuhtli
or
of
or
stone and
or
wood
in
yn in
in
silver
,
,
,
,
:
;
:
of fly
yn
made gods oqujmoteutique manenemj patlantinemj

of
Or of
four footed animals creatures which

of or
anoço
in
ie
, ,
,
, in ,
-
ym
live
the
the
yn
images atlan nemj jxiptlaoan qujnxinque

of
those which
in
waters anoço
in
in
,
[
:
.
yn
carpenters quauhxinque tetzotzonque teucujtlapitzque

of
or
these which hewed wood stone workers anoço

in
in
,
,
,
]
-
in
of
oqujpitzque
or
made stone metal workers molded metal

,
.
-
.
G.
Behold the works with which the idolaters delude and

yn
yn
Jzcatquj jntlachioal
G.
dlateutocanjme cenca
in
,
aca
for
vel
terrify veltetlapololti teiçauj

ca
For carpenter wisheth god quauhxinquj

aa
in
to
make
,
if
men
in
,
a
he .
the
yn
himself goeth into forest and felleth qujchioaznequj jteouh vmpa iauh quauhtla quaujel
in
ce
It
tree
,
is
,
a
,
.
good tall and straight qujtlaça qualli auh njman qujmatlatlaça

he
And then letteth fall and melaoac

in
in
it
it
ie
yn ie
is
,
, ,
,
:
.
the
the
he off
yn
auh jmama quauit

its
, in
striketh branches And bark leaves and qujmatepeoa jmatzocul

,
,
:
,
.
he
Therewith
to
branches taketh his house and useth vmpa iauh

yn
jchan vmpa monequiz ynjc ycuciz ytlaqual

.
.
:
28
cen
it, logHe
the
for
, his
quaujtl qujtequj tlacutl quauhtemjmjlli
he
will cook And Auh
in
as
it
food tree cutteth
,
,
:
.
.
log
for the
cen
a
vel
yn
qujxima yujā qujxixima
oc
cylinder shapeth qujchioa
of
he
maketh wood And auh tlacut
, ,
,
a
:
.
quj
he
well with good will heweth shaping head qujtzontecontia qujxtelolotia qujxaiacatia qujtlactia
it
,
;
a
,
yn
and eyes and face and body and hands and feet And matia qujxitia auh jquac oiecauh njmā tepantli itech
,
the he ,
:
.
then building walls auh ynjc amo vetziz
he
when done maketh house qujcaltia vncan qujquetza caltech
is
,
a
,
:
ica
ica
for
on he
image Here placeth And that may not qujquãmjna tlaxichtli anoço tepuztlaxichtli
it
aço
it
,
[
].
.
.
he
fall maketh firm the wall with either pegs iron
or
it
,
nails
.
set
,up
his
vel
A.
he
Jn
njmã ixpan tlamana
A.
he
be an
When hath god then layeth iquac oqujquetz iteouh
,
:
him
his
offering before He cutteth ears that blood may ixpan monacaztequj mjço qujtlatlauhtia ivic monetoltia
,
,
:
.
He offereth prayers He maketh vows
yn
offered before him ixpan choca tlamaceoa qujtlanjlia jtech monequj
,
.
,
.
.
.
He weepeth before him and doth penance hoping gain
to
a
,
him
he
requireth
of
the favors which .no
This
B.
Jnjn tlateutocanipul
he
as
wretched idolater hath shame calleth
B.
amo pinaoa qujnotza
in
in , in
,
,
god
the
him
yn
yn
quitlatlauhtia amo tlacaquj
he
beggeth prayer before who heareth amo tlachia amo iuli

in
in
to
],
,
[
] the
yn
yn
ipampa inic patiz qujtlatlauhtia
no
not seeth not liveth not hath soul And prayer that atle yanjma auh
,
,
:
.
for
he may cucuxquj auh jpāpa nemjliztli qujtlatlauhtia micquj
be
he
prayech And life

to
well one who
in
in
sick
for is
,
,
:
.
he in to he
yn
prayeth
to
And prayeth yoan qujtlatlauhtia atle ynecoca ynjc qujpaleuiz

he
one who dead favors

is
auh
the .
:
,
one
vel
yn
qujtlatlauhtia ynjc nenemiz qujtlatlauhtia
he
who helpless And prayer that may travel auel
,
is
,
.
yn
all
safety prayeth nenemj auh jtech monequj qujtlanjlia

he
one who cannot walk And muchi
in
to
which
in
ie
,
:
.
him
the
vel
yn
of
gain içan quaujtl

is he
image atle quipia

to
asketh which wisheth atle qujtemaca

,
,
[
.
hath not giveth not For only wood
it
,
.
.
Fourteenth Chapter Capitulo quarto decimo

use
monequj
Jn
qualli
ca
quaujtl
ca
ca
good and
; of
The wood God's creature For dios
in in
itlachioaltzin
is
is
,
of it
:
for ;
.
the
are
ca
ca
many things mjec tlamantli
of of
calli
in
made made house muchioa muchioa uncan
ic
ic
it it
it
is
:
we
made the canoe With tinemj yoan acalli ynjc netlaiecultilo ipampa
in
ic
which dwell and muchioa

in
is
is
it
,
:
.
gained one's livelihood For these things great worth are quaujtl ynjc muchioa
of
vellaçotlalonj totech monequj

hi
. in
in
,
,
.
we
thing needed ynjc titotlaiecultia

of
of
thus made wood which which

is
,
gain our livelihoods

.
the
for
vel
quaujtl ynjc muchioa tlateutoqujliztli
A.
A.
And idolatry Un- Auh

in
wood thus used accursed in

,
,
is
vel
happy telchioalonj auh qujchioa qujxima
he
oitlaueliltic
in
so
and accursed who useth and fashioneth

in
is
,
[
:
]
vel
yn
telchioalonj jvan
as
the wood even the wood itself quaujtl

in
;
,
.
:
be
ca
quauhxinquj monequj cenca telchioaloz iehica
of
And the hewer wood must needs accursed because auh

in
,
,
,
the he
And oqujchiuh cenca tetlapololti

it
made amo monequj

aa
in
be to
which worthless and delusion
, in
is
in
men auh
,
çan:
.
no
quaujtl cenca monequj quaujtl

ca
wood which much needed shall also accursed telchioaloz iehica

,
is
:
an
because only wood which hath been made into idol auh teutoco
is
it
.
B.
Auh cenca qujmotlael

B.
And God our Lord abhorreth both the idolater and totecujo vntlamanjsti
in
dios
,
,
the
yn
idolatry idolatry and tlateutocanj yoan tlateutoqujliztli qujpe

of
ittilia
ymin
both him who cause

in
[ is
,
;
[
oalti tlateutoqujliztli yoan

. of
be
Both will forever tlateutocatinemj

in
those who live

in
umexti
in
them
it
,
]
.
of
the land the dead mjctlan cemjcac tlaihijoujltilozque

in
torment
,
.
, Jn
idolatry For
C.
These the demons

C.
diablome oqujpeoaltique
of
tlateuto
in
were the cause iehoantin

in
,
,
.
aic
never will God have mercy upon them And although they qujliztli ipampa qujnmotlaoculiliz auh maciuj
in
dios
(
:
.
ca yn
they must
be
are God's creatures needs abhorred and jtlachioalhoan dios monequj cuculilozque telchioalozque
,
,
,
,
]
for
accursed they are liars deceivers and trouble makers teiztlacaujanjme teixcuepanjme tetlapololtianjme
,
.
.
-
the
D.
vel
D.
Jn
Those who first were idolatry achto oqujtzintique tlateutoquj

of
cause the iehoantin

in
and
,
(
29
makers of] idols offended God . Thus they angered God . liztli,in ydolosme , ixtzinco icpactzinco , deoaque , onenque
For thus were many led into error . in dios : ic cēca omoqualanalti in dios , ca cenca mjequjntin
ic omotlapololtique :
When the world began, none lived as idolaters . And yn jquac otzintic cemanaoac , aiac tlateutocatinenca : auh
before the world shall ,
end idolatry will perish . in aiamo tlamiz cemanaoac , puliuiz in tlateutoqujliztli .
E. The witless and senseless began worshipping idols E. In tlateutoqujliztli, in aqujmamatcaoaque , in xulo
here upon earth . And because of their malice they suddenly pime, oqujtzintique, in nican tlalticpac: auh ipampa yn
died . jntlauelilocaio, iciuhca omjcque .
F. Behold how the wicked , men of little understanding , F. Jzcatquj in quenjn oqujpeoaltique in claueliloque , yn
the
yn
dlateutoqujliztli
of
began worship idols aqujmatinj
.
.
son
Ce
vel
izel ipiltzin
an
only son tlatoanj vnnenca ipiltzin
A
man who was chief had tlacatl çan

a
in ,
,
a
a
(
,
the
telpuchtli mjc
he
youth And youth And itelpuch cēca qujtlaçotlaia auh
in
whom loved much died auh
,
,
:
:
.
yn
the father much saddened thereby wept and mourned jtatzin cenca omotequjpacho cenca chocac cenca
ic
,
,
,
,
exceedingly otlaocux
:
.
his
of he
of an
And image auh njmã otlanaoati ynjc quaujtl manoço tetl muchioaz
of
then commanded that beloved
,
,
the son
jxiptla itlaçopiltzin oqujtlaquauhnaoati

be
he
And
, in
or
hewn wood fashioned stone bade moximaz
in
[
:
.
]
son
the
vel
vel
his
quauhxinquj ynjc ipatillo qujchioazque iuhquj

so
of
in
in
theto
artisan make likeness that

it
it
,
,
yn
he .son
his
be
iez
painted image ipiltzin tlaixiptlaiotl
of
would
in
,
.
The image was done placed good Jno teixiptla njman qualcan oquiquetz
in
iecauh
in
and then vncan
it
,
,
,
a
yn
place worshipped god and have offerings oqujmoteuti njman oqujnnaoati jchan
be
to
to
as
there claca
yn in
,
,
a
:
laid before and paper and incense and flowers qujmoteutizque yoan ixpã clamanazque qujmanazque
,
it,
,
,
copalli suchitl
in
in
amatl
.
his
all
G.
G.
And pass that the chief bade tlatoanj ynjc
to
vassals
in
came Auh iquezquj xiuhioc otlanaoati
ie
it
,
,
the
his
yn
yn
worship god image place ixqujchtin qujmoteutizque ixiptla
of
to
to
as
son and imaceoalhoan

,
,
a
,
the
offerings before image ipiltzin yoan ixpan tlamanazque

,
[
].
:
yujnj
yn
Thus was that the worship tlateutoqujlizti

of
idols began otzintic
in
it
.
.
by
A.
Izcatquj ynjc otzintic

A.
Behold another manner arose idolatry oc tlateu

in
which centlamantli
,
.
toqujliztli
:
yn
Some made the images those whom they loved cequintin oqujchiuhque imixiptlahoan jntlaçohuan
of
those
,
,
veca nemj
in
who lived far places

in
.
yn
And because they lived distant parts auel qujttaia
ca
and those who jpampa veca nemj ynnacaio

in
auh
in
,
(
,
not
see
yn
fashioned them could their bodies their images ytech moiollaliaia jmjxiptlaoan yoan qujnmauiztiliaia
,
,
, :
]
consoled them And they paid them honor and laid offer yoan ispan tlamanaia aço tlatoanj anoço civapilli
,
.
.
the
ings before them—

or
images
of
either princes
]
[
princesses
.
the
the
painters very skillfully painted Auh

B.
B.
And images iehoanti tlacujloque

in
qujnematca
in
cēca
,
,
.
the
vel
vel
Very marvelously and well they made images Thus they icujloque teixiptla mauiztic iectli oqujchiuhque
in
,
,
.
ynjc oneteutiloc
yn
persuaded men that they should worshipped

be
teixiptla oteioleuhque
ic
,
,
.
.
yn
In
C.
He tlacujlo
or
, C.
painted from wood anoço quauhxinquj anoço

in
or or
who hewed worked iehoatl

,
,
,
,
cast
gold texinquj anoço teucujtlapitzquj injc cenca qujiolpachiujtiz

he
or
quiet
to
stone silver since wished

in
:
the
yn
yn yn
nequi oqujteq'ti cenca qualli oqujchiuh

he
be
oc
to
doubts caused work which made even better amo

,
, ,
he the
the
yn
yn
flesh from which was molded image mach iuhquj catca

led or
than taken jnacaio jtech omocopin jtech

0
,
.
the
As
cenca qualli oqujtlali

oc
so
image better men deeper into omocujc teixiptla teixiptla

he
in
made
in
,
,
[
]
error cenca otetlapololtique

ic
.
oqujtta
yn
Very many common

D.
D.
men luckless people who saw Cenca miequjntin maceoaltin icnotlaca

,
,
,
the
vel
that image was subtly and carefully made worshipped que teixiptla mjmati vellanematcachioalli
in
in
in
,
30
.god
.god
çan
led
it
it as a They thought Only oqujmoteutique omomatque teutl oqujntlapololti
ca
was them
it
,
a
,
into error because was subtly and well made teixiptla injc mjmati ynjc tlanematcachioalli
in
it
.
.
it, , E.
on
In Jhujn
yn
this manner men earth were led into error
ca
omotlapololtique tlalticpac
E.
tlaca
in
,
.
:
the
For honor paid
its
of
of
ipampa
or
because costliness because tetlaçotlaliztli anoço ipampa temaviztililiztli
in
in
,
,
to
they thought holy The precious name ocaujlqujstique
of
God teuiotl tlaçotli tocaitl
in
teutl can
in
in
in
it
,
.
in :
vel
which belongeth only they thus izeltzin yaxcatzin ynjc oqujntocaiotique
as
gave
to
God
to
name dios
in
,
,
[
)
the image quaujtl
of
of
teixiptla tetl
or
in
stone wood
in
,
[
]
.
.
The
F.
Jn
of
follies the idolaters which arose from the tlateutocanjme jnnetla
in
F.
amo can centlamantli
,
worship pololtiliz netlapololtiliztli itech
ca
many cenca mjec
of
idols were not one but These men tlamantli

,
,
[
]
.
iuli
thought they were tlateutoqujliztli
ca
peace but war that they quiça
in
was itech iehoantin momati
in
in
in
it
,
;
:
lived
vei
pacticate iauiutl ipan nemj
.
iece
.
Jn
G.
G.
These idol worshippers slew their own sons before iehoantin tlateutocanjme qujnmjctia
in
in
,
,
-
did
by
yn
their gods And night they many things before their jnpilhoan imjxpan inteuhoan auh cenca mjec tlamantli
,
.
yn
all
gods which sicken and rouse one anger vicious things tequalanj qujchioa jmjxpan
to
tetlaelti ioaltica
in in
in in
in
,
,
,
yn
They they slew one another they com- teuhoa ixqujch jntlachioal jnnemiliz muchi
in
hated one another
,
,
:
mitted adultery one with another There were murder teuhio tlaçollo nepanotl mocuculia nepanotl momjctia
, ,
, ,
,
[
:
of .
yn
robbery adultery misguiding public disorders nepanutl motlaxima temjctiliztli ichtequjliztli
in
in
men
,
,
,
:
fighting spread everywhere And none looked gentle necomonjliztli
in
to
tetlaximaliztli teca necacaiaoaliztli
in
,
,
.
things chastity
continent living Vice and carnal living neisnamiqujliztli noviian actimotecac auh aiac qujmocuj
,
,
.
.
:
were verily the idolaters way life
of
tlauja necnelilmatiliztli nepializtli chipaoacanemj
in
in
in
,
,
.
'
, .
vel
liztli haujlnemjliztli teuhtli claçolli innemjliz
in
in
in
,
,
in
tlateutocanjme
.
Jn
Idolatry
A.
A.
all be
In
its
beginning tlateutoqujliztli itzin ipeuhca yoan

to
much loathed and cenca tetlaelti

is
,
.
yn
its
is
things which jxqujch amo qualli amo iectli

in
end evil And loathsome lead itzonquizca yoan
in
it
,
.
:
one into error have their birth idolatry jxqujch tetlaelti yoan tetlapololti muchi itech iuli quiça
in
in
,
,
.
tlateutoqujliztli
in
They who worship idols when they take their pleasure yn

Jn
papaquj iuhqujnma
B.
B.
tlateutocanjme jquac
,
,
drink and they tlaoanque iollotlaueliloque iuhqujn tlaoanque
as
wine which maketh them maddened muchioa

if
,
as [
talk drunken tlatoa

if
.
.
yn
Jn
Worshippers
C.
C.
idols when they reproach their gods tlateutocanjme iquac intech tlaquauhtlamati
of
in
,
,
see
nothing They speak atle inpan qujmitta

no
no
they have jnteuhoan qujnchicujtoa

of
ill
çan amo
; in
them them
,
,
;
.
for
yn
no
of
they have inanjma

ca
fear them souls qujmjmacaci iehica atle

..
.
the
D.
D.
Many
Jn
izqujtlamantli
do
such things idolaters Not without inpan muchioa tlateutocanjme

in
,
the (
,, ]
:
.
the
for
oqujnmotelchiujli
ca
doth Lord only God abominate them amo çan nen dios icel teutl auh
in
cause
,
;
[
to ]
their false gods And they are wont

yn
they much esteem cenca qujmauiztilique Auh iztlaca

in
imiztlacateuhoan
,
.
.
see
err
swear false oaths and thus they and not true justice juramento cenca itech omomatque injc teca omocacaiauh
,
,
.
que auh melaoac iusticia atle ipan qujttaque

in
.
:
Jn
E.
are not needful Those who often monequi

E.
in
Such oaths call iuramento amo itech nemachoz

,
:
.
upon His holy

sin
yn ca
name commit For not proper that aqujque miecpa qujteneoa itocatzin tlatlacoa amo
it
is
a
:
.
vei
the
yn
one shall call upon holy name God Who great monequi vpa moteneoaz jpan ipan
of
iteutocatzin
in
is
,
,
,
much needful They who falsely call upon His

yn
unless monequj tlapicq

in
jtocatzin
is
in
it
cenca çan teneoa

.
'
sin
sin
be
holy name commit qujtzacutiaz itlatlacul

in
which shall their last tlatlacua

,
a
.
.
31
Chapter Twelve Capitulo 12
Alas, our Lord God , Thy heart is
the all
all
good merciful cenquizca qualli
ca
Jioiave totecujoe diose moiollotzin
in
,
,
of .
the All
are
for
things which Thou dost jxqujch
us
who people cenqujzca iamanquj topan ticmuchiujlia
in
in
in
,
:
are
are
Thy
, all
all
muchi qualli muchi
ca
good righteous And because timuchinti
in
world cemanaoac titlaca
,
.
sin
heart good Thou dost not now destroy those who melaoac auh ipampa qualli
in
is cenca moiollotzin
,
;
:
Thou dost not consume them with fire Thou warnest them tlatlacoanj amo njman tiqujnmopopolhuja amo njman
,
;
yet
çan
evil
life tiqujnmotlatlatilia tiqujmono
oc
Thou admonishest tiqujnmonemachtilia
to
even them leave their
,
,
,
to ,
yn
turn Thee ynjc qujcaoazque ynjc mote
to
. nochilia imaqualnemiliz
,
tzinco pachiuizque
.
Thy
A.
on
Our Lord Totecujoe
A.
these idolaters who lived earth iehoantin tlateutocanjme motlal
in
in
,
yn ,
in yn .
be
Thou hast much abominated because cenca otiqujnmotlaelittili
of
their evil life pantzinco nemja ipampa
,
Thy habitually dis- cenca tequalanj teiolitlaco
ca
cause they have aroused great wrath imaqualnemiliz ipampa
,
: :
ca
pleasing Thee For they were wont practise astrology qujchiuhtinenca tonalpouhtinenca tetlacujcujlitinēca
to
,
the .
the
by
they cured removing stone knives from body mecatlapouhtinenca Auh tlatlaca
in
sick tlaulchaiauhtinenca
.
by
by
yn
they practised divination tzitzitzimi imjxpan yoã jnpilhoan
of
in
means knotted cords and teculo tlamictiaia
:
yn
ca
strewing grains dried corn Moreover they slew men qujnmictiaia imjspan
of
in
mostlaoaia tetlaxinti
in in
jn in
,
,
,
]
.
before the devils and the demons and they slew their sons quauhtlaxinti yoan qujquaia tlacanacatl iehoantin
in
;
:
:
yea
yn
they offered them sacrifices before things shaped vecauhtica tiqujnmuchieli ynjc qujcuepazque imaqual
as
,
:
yn
nemjliz
of
auh ipampa
for of
wood And they ate the flesh amo qujnecque qujcuepazque

of
stone and hewn
in
men
:
.
yn
times past that
in yn
Thou hast waited these who lived jnnemiliz otiqujnmopupulhuj oqujtzacutiaque
in
,
,
,
they might repent their evil life And because they wished jntlauelilocaio oqujnpopoloque momaceoaltzitzinhoan
in
,
.
de-
repent their evil life Thou xpianome
to
not hast chastised and

,
.
stroyed them who their malice destroyed Thy
in
vassals the
Christians
.
will one say What hast Thou Totecujoe ynic oiuhticmuchiujli

B.
yn
Our Lord
B.
done cuix aca itla

,
?
”
,
,
"
,
aca
Why
iuh
yn
Will one say hast Thou done this thing Will one qujtoz Cuix qujtoz tleica ticmuchiujlia auh
in
,
,
?
”
?
,
"
dispute Thee because Thou hast done thus Will one cuix aca mitzmotlatzovililiz ipampa iuh ticmuchiujli
in
,
?
his
yn
auh cujx aca motetzinco motzoncuiz
on
avenge himself punishment being ipampa intlatza

of
Thee because
,
,
the
yn
yn
all
evil and unrighteous And Thou shalt destroy cujltiloca aqualti aiecti auh intla ciqujnmopopol
if
,
?
?
Why
yn
will one speak Will one say jxq'chtin cemanaoac tlateutocanjme cujs aca tlatoz
on
idolaters earth huiz

,
,
?
?
,
"
them are Thy creatures

all
didst Thou cujx aca qujtoz tleica
ca
of
thus For iuh ticmuchiujlia muchinti

in
,
?
”
?
.
motlachioaltzitzinhoan
.
are
C.
oc
oc
no
no
Niman aiac
C.
ca ce
ce
For there other God there other crea- vnca teutl nimā aiac tlachioale
,
,
is
,
(
tures For Thou only art God for Thou alone commandest
yn ca
çan moceltzin titeutl çan moceltzin ticmopachilhuja

;
,
.
are
yn
all
things which heaven and earth And when Thou jsqujch jlhujcac onoc tlalticpac onoc auh ynjc
in
in
,
,
.
:
vel
vei
givest judgment njman aiac
no
no
vei ca
righteous Then great lord great timotetlatzontequjlilia melaoac

it
is
,
,
.
emperor shall question Thee saying Why hast Thou tlatoanj anoço Emperador mitzmotlatlanjliz
in
,
, ,
,
,
"
:
slain and consumed my vassals mitzmolhuiliz tleicâ otiqujnmomjctili otiqujnmotlatlatili

”
?
,
:
nomaceoalhoan
in
?
for
art
D.
all
Thou wholly good

yn
D.
Lord Totecujoe qualli

ca
this reason that iehica ticenquizca jsquich

,
,
all
qualli
ca
Thou dost righteous and good possible ticmuchiujlia ipampa

to
Because muchi melaoac muchi

is
is
:
.
in yn
all
all
Thee filled with Thee good and righteous muchi moueli motetzinco cenquiztoc isquich qualli
is
is
,
,
;
Thy Thy
aci
novijan
ca
And because holy name everywhere mercy melaoac auh ipampa motlatocaiotzin
is
is
,
,
,
:
everywhere novjian timotetlaoculilia

.
.
Lord Thou showest Thy power and Thy strength Totecujoe

E.
E.
mouelitilitzin muchicaoaliztzin
in
in
to
,
,
,
not
those who worship idols Thy impan clateutocanjme amo qujnelto

to
who wish know eternal ticmonestilia

in
in
,
in ,
Thy
yn
caznequj
so
power and eternal strength that Thou increasest cemanqui movelitilitzin cemanqui muchi
,
,
;
32
and
their misery , because of their disobedience . Lord , perfect
yn
ynjc cenca tiqujnmoveililia jnnetoliniliz
oc
caoaliztzin
,
:
the
in
yn
Thine And Thou hast ipampa intzõtetiliz Totecujoe cen
ca
great power power destroy
to
maxcatzin
is
,
:
.
vei
yn
sin
yn ca
those who when they offend Thee And Thou dost quizquj velitiliztli auh timovelitilia njman
in
in
now
,
,
:
.
destroy them but Thou peace they tiqujnmopolhuiz tlatlacoanj mitzmoiolitlacal jquac
in
not waitest that
in
),
,
(
of
their evil lives huja auh ynjn amo iuh ticmuchivjlia
ca
may repent tiqujn
ca
oc
çan
,
:
yn
muchielia ynjc iviian qujcuepazque jnnemjliz
.
15
Chapter Fifteen Capitulo
Jn
art
art
Thou Who Who our Lord greatly tehoatzin tidios
in
in
titoteuh
in
our God titotlatocatzin cenca
,
,
,
,
,
,
the
Thy heart And
all
merciful and good things which iamanquj qualli moiollotzin jxqujch
in
ca in
cenca auh
is
:
.
are
Thou dost good and righteous And Thy mercy hast ticmuchiujlia muchi qualli muchi melaoac auh
in
,
.
:
yn
all
Thou disposed creatures motetlaoculiliztica ticmotecpanjlia ixqujch chioalonj
.
.
we we
A.
Totecujoe
A.
Lord thus are our hearts troubled
ca
ca
for iuh qujmattica toiollo timaxcatzi
in
are Thine
,
, ,
,
,
still
are
are
we
we
If
sin
ca
ca
oc
shall Thine tixpianome intla titlatlacozque mote
in
who Christians tzinhoan
,
.
ca :
vei
, art
We know Thou perfectly great and perfectly good And tzinco tipouj ticmati ticenquizca ticenquizca qualli
,
:
:
.
we
we
we
we
sin
ca
shall not know are with Thee For titlatlacozque
if
are auh intlacamo ticmati motlantzinco ticate
:
.
Thy
ca
chosen ones timotlapepenaltzitzinhoan
.
.
vel
vel
yn yn
Our Totecujoe
ca
B.
B.
the knowledge
of
Lord Thee hath been well- miximachocatzin tetlanestili

,
,
icnopil
yn
us
revealed and hath redeemed And those who have obeyed temaquisti auh ipialoca motenaoatiltzin
ic
,
,
:
.
Thy commandments thus merit eternal life hujlo cemjcac nemjliztli
in
,
.
.
Chapter Sixteen Capitulo 16
vel
Our Lord God The lives and Totecujoe diose
or of
of
moma
ca
deaths our bodies are tehoatzin moneiocultzin
,
in ,
,
Thy making Our body's life
yn
yn
jiuliliz yoã imiquiz
of
peace
of
life misery are chitzin tonacaio jpaccanemjliz

,
,
. .
:
Thy hand
ca.
yn
jcuculiz
ca
yoan
in
tonacaio momactzinco
in
,
Thy
A.
yn
And the death

of
our souls
of
tanjma amo motlachioaltzin

A.
not creation Auh imjquiz

is
amo
in
,
,
are
Thy commandment Thy

we
ca
of
nor because For who motlatlalitzin çan tehoanti titlaca totlatlacultica
in
,
,
,
:
.
people with our sins and wickedness kill our souls and thrust totlavelilocaiotica ticmjctia tanjma mjctlan tictlaça
in
,
.
go
Auh
of
yn
yn
them into the land the dead And when our souls iquac tanjma qujtlalcahuja tonacaio auelitiz
in
,
,
.
itic
ica
All
in yn
forth from our bodies they may never return will jxqujch
oc
be
cepa calaquiz tlamiz cemanaoac

ca in
,
.
is the for
yn
ended forever one remaineth forever and there either oiccenquiz oiccenta anoço qualcan acanoço
,
is
;
,
:
the
the
for in the
not
yn
ca
place good place qualcan vmpa ceniez vmpa oticmoieiantili njman
of
of
in or
auh
in
in
else
,
:
his
ca
ca
good There placed place aiac momacpatzinco momapatlaz iehica muchi moueli
,
one and none who
is
;
:
.
Thy
all
hand will resist possible Thee

to
because noviian timoietzinotica

is
;
.
art
Thou everywhere
.
yn
by
Jn
B.
tlateutocanjme amo mitzmomachitocaznequj

B.
The worshippers
of
idols who will not know Thee

,
,
,
the
Thy
of
might hand Thou punishest them with water mocenmacca velitiliztica tiqujnmotlatzacujltilia atica
;
,
,
with hail stones and with fire Thou hast destroyed them teciuhtica yoan tletica otiqujnmopopulhuj
,
,
,
.
128
Idolatry
of
Confutation
[
]
set
my of
The word God hath

Jn
forth hath been spread teutlatolli omoteneuh amispan omomelauh

in
been
it
;
,
vel
Strongly hath
ca
before you beloved children shined notlaçopilhoane cenca chicaoac tetlanextili tetla
it
,
,
vel :
.
the
see
Jnjc tlateutoquiliztli
ca
upon you and made you

be
Thus will known that chialti

in
iximachoz cenca
in
it
,
.
.
the
the
the
Vulgate second paragraph Sahagún's confutation begins without title

of
128. The Latin ends with Florentine Codex

in
.
33
1
led
vel
vel
vei
worship of idols hath men into great error will thrust tetlapololti yiolitlaculocatzin
in
mictlan tetlaz
it
,
;
:
the
the
sin
great against totemaquisticatzin
of
them into land dead dios toteiocuxcatzin
in
is
it
,
;
.
God our peace and salvation
.
,
vel
yn
yn
be
And now that their hearts shall filled since their Auh axcan ynjc iniollo pachiuiz
,
amo cenca
,
,
are
yn
imjx
oc
oc
minds and hearts weak once more must unfold God's chicaoac iniollo monequj achi njcmelaoaz
in
,
,
I
all
as
men shall know For teutlatolli tlacpac omjcuilo ynjc
so
word written above that muchi tlacatl
in
in in
it
,
,
,
.
the
tlateutoqujliztli vellaelittalonj
ca
worship abominated and despised qujmatiz
of
be
to
idols much cenca
,
is
,
.
telchioalonj
.
my
the
the
yn
A.
yn
Tla
by
light xicmocaqujtican notlacopilhoane
A.
Perceive beloved children torch tlanextli
,
,
,
,
the
the
for
vel
yn yn
only God God ynjc ipalnemoanj
be
which will known Creator this ocutl iximachoz izel teutl dios
,
;
:
yn
in ca
God And knowledge the false gods whom
of
of
the word iehoatl teutlatolli Auh jmiximachoca
in
iztlacateteu
is
,
.
.
set
yn
the ancients worshipped
no
of
forth the truth qujnmoteutiaque vevetque itech quiça
in
them also
is
çan
,
:
the the the
This God lieth folded away jmelaoaca Jnjn teutlatlatolli
of
God's word word teutlatolli ixillantzinco

in
in
in
,
,
.
.
the
guarded places Holy Church tonantzin sancta yglesia cuecuelpachiuh

of
our mother like itozcatlantzinco
in
,
,
the
the the
it, the
toc
gold turquoise iuhqujnma ilhujcac teucujtlatl ilhujcac quetzalitztli
of
silver emeralds heaven
,
,
,
,
precious stones gems which belong to which teuxiujtl temaquiztli tlacotetl ipam pouj vellapanauja
in
exceed
,
,
in yn
all
things preciousness being worthy guarding This ynjc tlaçotli ynjc pialonj ynjn teutlatolli jsqujchtin
of
in
in
,
,
:
.
all
of
God which momaqujxtiznequj cenca intech monequj

to
word
of
great need iollocopa
to
is
save men
is
,
,
[
,
is )
all
good will believe

of
Thus of God
ca
ca
who the word qujneltocazque tlanestli
ca
iehica dios itlatoltzin
it
,
:
.
the
the
the
light Holy Ghost
In
torch God Father tepiltzin espiritu
aa
Son and ocotl dios tetatzin
in
in
sancto
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
.
all the
Holy Church
yn
hath given and guarded our mother that qujmomaqujli qujmopialtili tonantzin sancta yglesia
,
,
yn
she may give the light ynjc qujntlanextilia jsqujchtin ipilhoan
to
and teach her children qujnmachtia
,
,
,
.
My God's light
B.
children perceive God's word which B. Tla xicmocaqujtican notlaçopilhoane teutlatolli

is
in
,
,
.
Thus will ynjc vellachiazque nemj

ca
see those who live darkness who have lost the

in
in in
teutlanestli tlaiooaian
in
,
,
:
the
the to the
ymiz
go
yn
way those who worship mixcueptinemj dlateutocanjme qujtocatinemj
of
idols who with sins

,
in ,
;
yta
yn vel
yn
of
be
devil who the father lies And thus will known iztlacatiliztli Auh ynjc
is
,
tlacatlatol in diablo
.
.
the
vel
yn
them their gods and their lords which
of
word God qujmiximachilizque jnteouh jntlatocauh
in yn in in
,
,
,
yn
qujmotenquistili
of
them Because already

to
word truth hath declared have in teutlatolli neltiliztlatolli ipampa

,
,
I
.
:
tlacpac onjqujto
of
made known and have told the word God which here tlacpac onjcteneuh in teutlatolli
in
,
, ,
,
yn
lying unfolded revealeth how idolatry began Likewise here vncan neztica melaoatica quenjn otzintic opeuh
,
,
,
of the .
are
tlateutoqujliztli
no
ca
revealed many things concerning error misery yoan vncan neztica mjec tlamantli
in
;
,
,
,
[
,
]
and blindness into which the worshippers idols fell netlapololtiliztli netoliniliztli ixpopuiutiliztli ipan ovetzque
,
,
,
.
yn
tlateutocanjme
.
the light
Jn
This
C.
C.
of
of
God instructeth teutlatolli

in
the word God iehoatl teutlanextli techmachtia

in
,
,
for
mjequjntin iezque
ca
us
and telleth that there are not many gods there techcaqujtia njman amo velitiz
in
now
,
,
the ,
, vel
vel
teiocuianj ipal
ca
only Maker and Creator Lord everywhere

çe
but one çan çan izeltzin

in
is
teteu
,
,
,
,
, .
the
yn
nemoanj novian tlatoanj tlacpac
of
And word God which hath been written before auh teutlatolli
in
,
,
est
est
Non enim alius deus quam omjcujlo izcatquj Non enjm

tu
revealeth what followeth itech neztica alius deus

,
de ,
,
.
:
cuj
cui
est
est
Totecujoe diose
de
oc ca
Our Lord God quam omnjbus
tu
cura omnibus which meaneth cura

.q
,
, ,
,
n
,
, .
is "
:
Thou alone art God and Lord God none else çan mozeltzin titeutl titlatoanj aiac
oc
none else
ce
teutl aiac
,
;
Thy
all
yn
in-
In
things visible and tlatoanj çan mozeltzin momactzinco jxqujch

ca
Lord hand alone are

ce
is
,
:
yn
visible ittalo amo yttalo

,
”
.
.
D.
vel
D.
Huitzilopochtli Jnin
no
This
in ca
ca
thus revealed god neztica amo teutl vitzilubuchtli

in
is
ic
,
is
, ,
;
:
:
yn
tezcatlipuca
no no
no
Tezcatlipoca god Tlaloc god nor Tlalocatecutli amo teutl amo teutl
in
tlaloc anoço
is
,
is
;
;
god Ciuacoatl goddess Chicome quetzalcoatl teutl

in
Quetzalcoatl nor tlalocatecutli amo teutl amono

in
is
is
,
;
:
:
yn
no
coatl goddess neither Teteo innan goddess cioacoatl amo teutl chicome coatl amono teutl teteu
in
is
is
no ;
;
:
the
is are
Tzapotla tenan goddess Ciuapipilti god tzaputla tena amono teteu cioa
, in
nor innan amo teutl

in
is
,
.
Chalchiuhtli ycue pipilti anoço cioateteu amono teutl chalchiuhtli icue

in
desses nor the Ciuateteu neither

,
;
;
;
goddess goddess teutl vixtocioatl tlaculteutl

in
Uixtociuatl Tlaçolteotl
aa
amono amono teutl

in
nor nor
is
,
;
is
:
:
34
goddess; Xiuhtecutli is no god ; Macuilxochitl is not a god; amo teutl in xiuhteculi : macuilsuchitl amo teutl; vmacatl
nor is Omacatl a god ; neither is Ixtlilton Tlaltetecuin a god ; amono teutl: istlilton , tlaltetecujn , amono teutl: in opuchtli,
Opochtli is not a god ; Xipe totec is not a god ; Yiacatecutli amono teutl: xipe totec amono teutl : yiacatecutli amo teutl :
is no god ; Chiconquiauitl is not a god ; Chalmecaciuatl is chicũquiavitl amo teutl : chalmeca cioatl amo teutl: in
no goddess ; Acxomocuil is not a god ; Nacxitl is no god ; acxumocujl amo teutl: nacxitl amo teutl : cochimetl amo
Cochimetl is not a god ; Iacapitzauac is not a god ; Napa teutl : in iacapitzaoac amo teutl: in napa tecutli amo teutl:
the
the
are
tecutli is no god ;
yn
Tepictoton not gods tepictoton amo teutl metztli
in
sun amo teteu tonatiuh
is
,
;
:
:
the
the
of are
yn
not god moon stars none gods Tlaltecutli cicitlaltin aiac teutl tlaltecutli amo teutl teuatl
yn in
in
;
a
, ,
,
,
the -
:
god
yn
yn
the
in the
the
ilhujcaatl amo teutl
sea
no
Auh
of
lord muchintin nican
ie
earth water
,
is
ocean
.
[
,
]
no
ca
areall
god And here New Spain nueua españa vecauh njman aiac teutl
in
times past wor- neteutiloia
ie
were
,
is
,
,
:
.
are
dii all
tzitzitzimj culeleti
ca
shipped gods For they iuh teutlatolli Omnes
in
gods though none muchintin
as
,
,
.
:
]
.
, [
the
dij
yn
Jn
gentium demonja qujtoznequj isqujchtin
[ of
devils and demons God
as
word stateth Omnes
,
(
, ], ]
:
.
.
are say
yn
All
gentium demonia that Nahuatl qujnmoteutia tlateutocanjme
to
whom muchintin diablome

in
is
,
;
"
the idolaters worship devils demons evil spirits tzitzitzimj culeleti
as
idols
,
,
.”
.
are are
Unhappy
adas
, E.
they who worshipped devils qujnmoteutitiaque
E.
in
in
Ointlaueliltic iehoantin
in
these
,
are
for
uel
vel
full
ca
they qujmaxiltique claueliloque
of
idols wickedness they our tzitzitzimi toiaohoan

,
,
,
]
[
the
the
are
vel
us
they people tlalticpac

of
versaries affliction who totecuculicahoan titlaca Ointlaueliltic
in
in in
,
on ;
[
[
,
]
.
are
up
yn
yn
yn
Ill
live they who offered qujnmacaque jmezco inpilhoan jniollo

to
earth fated them
, ,
,
)
-
the
the
yn
qujmicnotla
jn
invampoan
of
of
blood their children hearts their fellows These iehoantin ointlaueliltic
in
,
:
the are
yn
also unfortunate who supplicated them humbly who tlauhtiaia jmispan tlalquaia diablosme yoan
in
in
,
,
[
:
the
the
presence jmixiptlaoan ynic qujmjtlaniliaia tlein intech monequja

of
kissed earth devils and who

in
in
,
;
vel :
the
for
Greatly were
in ca
begged the images things they desired moztlacaujaia ynic
in
cenca momatia iehoantin
,
.
they error thinking that they were powerful these qujtemaca jsqujch isqujch tecujltono
in
teclamachti
no in
in
,
.
all
ca
that they gave wealth and riches that these would Yoan iehoanti tepaleuja temanauja yoan tema
,
,
[
this
iuh
As
protect support and
hi
men they believed your qujstia momatque
in amoculhoan cenca omotla
in
,
save
,
,
:
.
de-
yn
forefathers were themselves destroyed and others were pololtique yoan cenca otetla pololtique Auh ipampa injc
,
.
vel
stroyed And because they wished qujcnopilhuizque clein qujnequja iniollo imispan
to
merit that which their
in
,
:
[
]
.
the
hearts desired they made offerings before devils they tlamanaia diablome moçaoaia istoçoaia miçoaia tlatla
in
,
,
;
,
all
fasted they passed night vigils they offered their blood tlauhtiaia mjec clamantli ynjc qujtoneoaia ynjc quichichi
;
in ,
,
-
.
they prayed Thus they afflicted and tormented their bodies natzaia jnnacaio jmispan diablome tzitzitzimj
in
in
in
,
,
.
:
the
the
no
presence they yoan cenca mjec qujmanaia

of
devils and demons Moreover clamantli ventli invē

in
in in
,
:
.
They quetzalli
of
offered them many offerings made offerings muchioaia chalchiujel patlaoac vitol
in
in
in in
,
,
,
.
vel
precious green stone and quetzal feathers spreading curv- iuhquj xopaleoac yoan tlacotilmatli claço
in
in
,
,
,
:
ing
green and valuable mantles and costly vestments And tlāquj Yoan imjxpan qujmanaia nepapan xuchitl yoan
in
,
,
;
:
.
yn juh
copalli
ca
them they made offerings qujchioaia
of
before various flowers and miec clamantli

in
in
hi
yn ic
,
;
,
:
, did
many kinds things they pay qujnmauiztiliaia jniaohoan jntecuculicaoan

of
incense Such
to
thus
in
,
(
,
)
.
who injured
yn
jntetolinjcaoa
to
honor their adversaries who afflicted them monequj

in
atle intech mavizcotl atle

,
,
:
no
no
who required love For they

ca
them honor who needed intech momonequj tetlacotlaliztli çan monequj

,
cenca
,
:
.
ca
merited only iehica
be
to
abominated abhorred and hated There- telchioalozque tlaellitalozque cuculilozque ichica

,
,
,
:
,
.
the
yn
of
fore are condemned and accursed the enemies Lord tlacemjsnanaoatilti tlacentelchioalti yiaohoan totecujo
,
:
us
of
God and who are yoan toiaohoan titlaca

in
mankind dios
,
[
,
.
.
Unhappy and much

cel
blamed are they who even

be
F.
to
ca
cenca tlacemjsnaoatilti
F.
O
intlaueliltic iehoan
in
,
yet whom God's word hath reached

tin
now are idolaters who tlateutocatinemj

in
,
ocnoma oacico
in
ca in
axcan
ie
,
have heard the Holy Gospel wept and

be
to
Even more teutlatolli Evägelio

oc
caco
in
in
sancto cenca
ie
,
.
:
are
reproached those who having been baptised once again techoctique tetozqujtenque omoquate
in
iehoantin
no in
,
ie
,
yn
practice sorcery casting auguries believing qujque ipan jnnequatequjliz ceppa tlapoa
in
in
in
water
in
ie
,
,
cry ,
or
taking account
]; of
demons quiver temjctli anoço

or
those who out atlan teitta qujneltoca tozqujchoca

in
in
(
,
,
,
an
their eyelids who hold the owl chiquatli

or
their sleep
in
ymjspapatlaca anoço qujmotetzavia

as
teculotl
in
in
[
,
:
yn :
Jn
And even more times past were people terrified

oc
yoan cequj vecauh netetzaujloia

in
omen jsq'chtin
in
yn ie
,
.
.
by
All
do
iuhquj qujchioa
so
these things who must meet torment here cenca monequj njcan tlalticpac
in
[
].
,
,
35
the
die
on earth , and when they shall
yn
they will claihiioujltilozque yoan jquac miquizque mjetlan
be
cast into
,
,
of
land the dead tlaçalozque
.
the
G.
Jn
tlateutoqujliztli
G.
worship idols much misery befell mjec
of
of
Because ipampa cenca clamantli
,
and
old
the
your grandmothers
yn
people your grandfathers netoliniliztli impā muchioaia veuetque amoculhoan
in
,
,
, ,
,
.
yn
ca
There were many wars New Spain while there was amocihoan mjec tlamantli iauiotl njcan manca
in
in
,
:
yn
idolatry famine was frequent pestilence was often wide- ipan tlateutoqujliztli miecpa maiana
oc
nueua españa
,
,
;
:
the
spread thus people died And therefore did Spaniards loia miecpa
cuculiztli momanaia mjcooaia Auh inic
ic
,
,
;
.
.
conquer therefore were many peasants destroyed tepeoaco inin españoles jnjc miequjnti ispoliuhque
to
come
in
,
,
;
all
because idolatry did tlateutoqujliztli
ca
this And now there much maceoalti muchi ipampa omuchiuh
in
not is
,
[
,
].
:
yet
izqujtlamantli tetoliniliztli manj
yn
yn
all
ca
misery because there is idolatry because auh axcan muchi
is
it
,
,
[
]
Our Lord God He consumethipampa tlateutoqujliztli iehica aiamo cemjlcauj
Jn
ca
forgotten exceeding wroth
in
is
,
;
,
.
:
the
fire
For idolatry offendeth qujnmotla
ca
worshippers totecujo dios tlapanauja ynic moqualanaltia
of
idols with
,
,
.
breaketh His commandment intlateutoqujliz
the all
ca
our Lord God tlatilia tlateutocanjme iehica ynjc
in
in
of of is
it
,
;
;
it
[
:
]
, yn
the
the
for
vel
sinful And land qujmoiolitlacalvia totecujo dios quipanauja
as
idolaters there
in
in
,
.
dead even more terrible their evil smelling place tor- jsqujch tlatlaculli Auh tlateutocanjme vmpa mictlan
yn in
in
is
,
,
-
yn
weeping cries which shall jntlaihiioujltiloca
yn oc
ment their their tears their cenca temamauhti inchoquiz
,
,
,
;
:
for
vel
aic
yn
yn
God's word jmjxaio inchoquiztlatol
in
thus written qujcaoazque
ca
never cease
it
is
,
(
]
;
:
teutlatolpan ycujliuhtoc
.
the
the
the
yn
yn
A.
Jzcatquj
A.
, of
groans inchoquiz tlateutocanjme
of
Behold tears worshippers imixaio
in
,
,
.
to via
via
Erraujmus Sapientie capitulo
of
idols Erravimus veritatis etc. Book Wisdom veritatis

in
in
etc.
,
oc 5
,
ca ,
[
.
:
yn
Chapter That say Nahuatl Unhappy were qujtoznequj Ototlaueliltic otitiscuepque tlalticpac
in
is
we 5
"
[
.
)
:]
.
the
of for
we
we
amo tiqujttaque
on
erred while were earth and straight tinenca auh melaoac iecnemilizvtli
in
in
,
,
;
,
:
we
righteous life righteousness

of
road saw not the sun iecnemiliztonatiuh amo techtlanextili otechtlaciavilti
,
,
;
yn
totlatlaculvuj tonetlapololtilizvuj
to us
shone not upon our sinful way tormented and exhausted otecianmjeti auh
in
,
;
:
led
tle
us
us
us
danger- cenca ovican otechaquj

to
and our road ruin vexed our sins totlatlacul
in
cenca otechama
,
;
to ;
in ,
:
Of
nepoaliztli
tle
us
ous places what advantage were pride and gran- otechonqujsti tlatocaiutl otechonqujsti
in
,
,
?
,
.
Of
hi
Many necujltonoliztli izqujtlamantli iuhqujma
of on
Jn
us
what advantage tlalticpac

to
deur was riches earth

in
,
?
?
fall
the
such things they puctli ceoalli ompoliuhtiuetzi iuhqujnma titlantli
in
confused like shadows smoke cenca
;
[
:
are like the messenger running fast like the rapidly moving totocatiqujça iuhqujnma acalli cenca totocatiuh
in
in
,
of ;
)
,
:
the
by
yn
juhquj êcatoco iuhqujnma

tle
nothing neci incampa quiça
as
canoe driven wind which amo

if
seen
is
,
,
,
:
the
ca vel yn
where goeth like bird which flieth swiftly leaving tototl totoca injc patlanj atle icximachio
in
cēca
it
,
,
the
we it his
flight like arrow quickly reaching totomjtl

no
us its
qujcauhtiuh iuhqujnma
of
trace iciuhcaonaciti
in
,
;
target nor uetzi incampa oquiz iuhquj otopano
O
so
where Behold befell amono neci

it
seen flew
,
it
is
,
,
,
:
aa .
can
but
for
tlalticpac
on
on
ca
earth lived earth moment and soon died muchiuh achintoca tlalticpac otonnēque
in
,
,
,
because our sins ended and destroyed our lives yn

çan iciuhca ontzonquiz tonemjliz ipampa totlatla
in
in
,
,
."
cul ovntlan vmpoliuh tonemjliz

in
,
,
.
B.
yn
iuhquj
of
Behold these iuhqui

ca
B.
yn hi
the words the idolaters their weeping tlateutocanjme

O
intlatol
,
in
,
,
,
jncho
yn
vel yn
yn
their wailing inchoquiz jmixaio
be
their tears their cries which shall never intlaocullatol

,
,
in
,
,
,
,
,
aic
yn
comforted And they who know who obey our Lord God quiztlatol njman moiollalizque Auh
in
,
.
.
our
yn
shall gain His kingdom and His riches Because Lord qujmiximachilia qujmotlacamachitia totecujo dios
in
,
,
.
by
yn
yn
God complete contentment qujcnopilhuizque jtlatocaiotzin jnecujltonoliztzin

as
hath been said before

is
,
,
:
iuh
of
yn
the word God cenquizca mocujltonoanj

ca
totecujo dios
ca
iehica
.
,
in
teutlatolli tlacpac omjto

in
.
C.
Izcatquj
no
say unto you

et
Behold once more quam bonus cepa namechmelavilia quam bonus

C.
O
ie
I
,
:
est
est
quam suavis domine spiritus tuus That quam suauis omnjbus etc.
domjne spiritus
et
omnibus tuus
art in
in
etc.
is
,
,
,
Alas our Lord God For Thou qualli

ca
perfectly good and qujtoznequj Yioiaue totecujoe diose ticenquizca

,
,
,
"
.
all
us
Thou art gentle cenca titechmo

of
of
heart Thou lovest

ca
iamanquj moiollotzin
in
auh
,
cenca
. "
.
yn
tlacotilia timuchinti
.
Jio
Thy
vel
Lord God Jnic q’toznequj totecujoe

to
well shown mean thus momelaoa diose

in
This
is
,
O
,
[
,
"
]
36
the
Holy
all
powerful And Thou muchi
yn ca
love is of espiritu sancto
ca
Ghost motetlacotlalitzin iehoatzin
in
is
it
,
;
,
.
yn
iqualtiliz jiectiliz
ca
its
its
goodness gentle righteousness ueli auh topan quivalmjoalia
to
causest come over
,
,
:
Thy love avijaca
in
of
us motetlacotlalitzin
because
:
.
]
[
,
yn
all
oticmuchiujlitzino qualli
in
the good the righteousness isqujch intech
in
Thou hast iectli
in
made and
,
,
"
which Thy yn motlachioaltzitzinhoan

in
ca
is
:
creatures
.
all
us
ynje muchi techpaleuiz
of
advantage titlaca
in
Thus
to
is
"
:
.
ca vel
ynjc neci
, no
ca
And also Thou givest Thyself
us
Thus plain auh tehoatzin titonemactzin titlaca
in
to
,
is
it
,
,
"
.
we
art
and know that Thou greatly merciful ynjc ticmati cenca timotetlaoculilianj
,
:
.
Thy
vel
yn
ynjc
be
For Thou offerest
us
that Thou mayest
ca
truth iehica titechmomaqujlia moneltococatzin
,
"
known timitztiximachilizque
.us
to
vel
yn
Thy injc
we
yoan titechmomaqujlia
us
And Thou offerest may motenaoatiltzin
,
commandments that
,
"
obey Thee timitztouellamachtilizque
:
.
Thy yoan titechmomaqujlia ynjc ticmo

us
And Thou Thou mosacramentotzin
in
offerest Sacraments that
,
"
mayest comfort and purify ynic
in
patilia yoã ticmuchipavilia yoan
us
and strengthen our souls ticmuchicavilia
,
,
,
.
tanjma
:
vel
we
gain eternal life inic tiqujcnopilhuizque cemicac nemjliztli vmpa
in
in
in
Thus shall Heaven
,
"
.
ilhujcac
:
And Thou further showest Thy mercy
oc
yoan motetlaoculilitzin
in
cenca ticmonextilia
:
"
Thy
yn
mjtzmoioli
ca
For servants who offend Thee them Thou destroy- iehoanti momaceoaltzitzinoan
in
in
,
"
the
to est
and castest into flames not now but Thou callest tlacalhuja amo njman tiqujnmopopolhuja amo njman
,
,
them gently Thou teachest them gently that they may tiqujnmotlatlatilia çan iujan tiqujnmononochilia çan ivian
,
,
vel
yn
repent tiqujnmonemachtilia injc quicuepazque jnnemiliz
in , :
in in :
.
For with Thy word Thy preachers give counsel

ca
motēcopatzinco motemachticaoan qujnnonotza
in
to
those
,
,
"
the
And Thy priests give them

sin
who Sacraments that tlatlacoanj auh moteupiscatzitzinhoan qujnmaca

,
,
.
vel
they may change their lives and that they may pleasing sacramentos ynjc quicuepazque jnnemiliz yoā injc
be
in
,
vel
Thee
to
motetzinco pachiuizque
.
.
yn
yn
And those who wish not know Thee who wish not amo mitzmjximachiliznequj amo qujcaoaliztla
to
Auh
,
,
"
cease the worship tlateutoqujliztli mjctlan tiqujnmotlaxiliia

of
be
them Thou causest

to
to
idols cast mati

in
,
,
,
:
of
into the land the dead

.
129
yn
Thee who will not yoan amo qujcuepaznequj
in
motlaneltocacaoan
in
And those who believe
in
even
,
,
[
"
die
intlatlacul cemicac tlaihiiouj

yn
sin
change their lives who them Thou punishest innemjliz çan ipan mig
in
in
,
,
,
’
tiqujnmotlatzacujltilia
of
there the land the dead liztli vmpa mictlan

in
eternal torment
in
in
ic
,
,
,
:
yn
auh ynjn
all
ca
And this Thou dost such wise righteous iuh ticmuchivilia muchi melaoac çan
in
in
that
is
it
,
,
[
"
.
For
then none may change Thy none may change njman aiac qujcuepaz aiac mitzmotlatol
in
word motlatoltzin
,
,
[
]
Thy commandment ilochtiliz

:
.
yn
yn
Neither they who dwell Heaven nor those who dwell aço ilhujcac chaneque anoço tlalticpactlaca aiac
in
,
,
on "
: iuh
ask
Why For Thy word

do
earth may dost Thou this velqujtoz tleica ticmuchiujlia hi njman amo
in
,
, ,
?
?
. '
'
cuepalonj
be
ca in
may not changed motlatoltzin

just ticmuchivilianj
be
For that which Thou yoan
ca
in
to
hast caused done iehica cenca melaoac

of is
,
"
.
life
the
the
art
good tinemjlizameialli tiqualtilizameialli tiuelitilizameialli mo

of
And indeed Thou fount fount

,
all ,
,
the
ixqujch tetla
all
all
glory tetzinco cenqujztoc isqujch tecujltono

In
in
power
of
Thee
in
source riches
,
,
is
,
.
yn
comfort machti jsqujch tepapaqujlti

,
.
And verily Thou rulest everywhere

all
jsqujch
ca
good and yoan

in
and auh tehoatzin novian timotlatocatilia

,
,
"
çan:
righteousness come from Thee Thou alone givest them qualli iectli motechpatzinco quiça ticmo
in
moceltzin
,
,
”
.
temaqujlia
.
vel
D.
D.
Jc
Thus very plain my dear children how much cenca neztica notlaçopilhoane quenjn cenca
in
is
, it
,
,
tlaçotlalonj cenca mauiztililonj

of
ca
worthy love how much worthy totecujo dios iehica

of
honor our Lord God

in
is
, ,
:
.
For He giver ipalnemoanj toiocoianj noujan tlatoanj

of
life our creator ruler everywhere

is
,
,
:
,
yn
no
Likewise gods tlacpac neztica quenamique amo

of
inteuan
in
hath been shown above what manner can

of it
,
,
were those your forefathers teiztlacaujanj teca

—
wicked false fraudulent cenca vellaveliloque moca

,
colhoan
,
,
—
,
,
, :
vel
of
hateful horrible well deserving scorn caiaoanj tecuculianj vellaelittalonj telchioalonj

,
.
.
los
no
os
129. Corresponding Spanish text reads que qujeren conocer The negative missing
in
aa
the Aztec
is
"y
.”
:
37
vel
E. Now you must needs know the history of each of E. Jn axcan monequj anqujcaquizque cecēiaca
in
,
vel
yn
yn
your forefathers gods severally that their wickedness may intlatollo jnteuan catca amoculhoan ynjc neciz
:
'
be
made plain jntlauelilocaio
in
.
.
vel
yn
In
They the ancients who were well apprised related ueuetque machiceque otechca
us
in
to
iehoantin
,
,
,
,
vel ,
,
-
and
as we
have newly instructed you how Uitzilopochtli was qujtique iancujcan otamechmachtique
in
tehoantin
in
,
in ,
,
[
the
the
god everywhere quenjn oneteutiloc tlalpan
of
Vitzilobuchtli
in
as
adored land Mexico noviian
in
in
in
,
a
[
]
:
true god of mexica
in
the Mexicans mexica vel inteouh
,
.
.
Auh ynjn vitzilobuchtli ticmati
we
ca
And this Uitzilopochtli know was maceoalli naoalli
,
,
,
,
man sorcerer
,
a
,
tetzaujt atlacacemelle qujiocuianj
an
teisсuepanj
of
, of
omen evil madman deceiver creator war iauiotl
in ,
a
a
,
,
war lord He brought hunger and plague war iautecani tepan qujtlaça xiuhcoatl mamalhuaztli
in
in
that
is
a
,
-
in :
.
iauiotl tlachinolli
in
teuatl
,
,
:
the
vel
This Uitzilopochtli truly serveth devil your Jnin Vitzilobuchtli ymaceoal
in
amo
in
in
who diablo
,
,
,
,
by
grandparents honored feast thrice each year War culhoan quilviquixtiliaia espan cecexiujtl malmjcoaia
,
a
,
:
.
captives and slaves were slain they shed much blood here tlaaltilmjcoaiacenca miec eztli noquiuja vncan itepeioc
in
,
,
;
, . :
his
Itepeyoc They did many mad things before image netlapololtiliztli quichioaia ispan ixiptla
at
miec clamantli
in
,
.
.
These most villainous most terrible most shameful things Jnin cenca tetlapololti cenca teiçauj cenca tepinauhti
,
,
yn
your grandparents brought about oqujchiuhtiaque
in
amoculhoan
.
.
we
F.
know that times past No
ca
Likewise everywhere yoan ticmati njcan noujan españa
F.
in
nueua
ie
in
,
,
,
all
New Spain adored Tezcatlipoca uecauh oneteutiloc tezcatlipuca
in
,
as
god
,
, :
.
And they also named him Titlacauan and laotl Necoc yoan qujtocaiotique titlacaoan yoan iautl necoc iautl
,
, in ,
[
laotl Moiocoian and Neçaualpilli The ancients considered moiocoia neçaoalpilli Jnjn tezcatlipuca qujtotiaque
,
,
,
, .
.
vel
this Tezcatlipoca true god whose abode was every- veuetque teutl noujan ynemjan tlalticpac
of as
mictlan
,
a
,
[
]
on
where the land the dead ilhujcac

in
in
earth heaven
,
,
:
.
up
When
he
upon the earth iaoiutl qujiolitiaia

wasto he
he
walked stirred war iquac nemja tlalticpac iehoatl

in
,
,
;
sin
brought brought anguish and affliction qujiolitiaia teupouhqui tepan

he
vice and teuhtli tlacolli cococ
in
in
,
,
;
,
He
men
ipampa
he
established discord among people wherefore qujchioaia tenepantla moquetzaia
,
,
, tetzalan
y
.
,
He
the
maujltiaia tequequeloaia mote

he on
called enemy two sides mocked and jeered moteneoa necoc iautl teca
. ,
,
”
:
"
the
people was called wind and the shadow neoa ehecatl tlaioalli
,
wherefore
,
.
]
(
we
Jnin
ca
This evil Tezcatlipoca Lucifer himself the tezcatlipuca lucifer
in
know tlaueliloc ticmati iehoatl
,
is
,
,
itic
the
vei
vel
great devil who there heaven beginning diablo vmpa ilhujcatl iancujcan oquj
in
in
in
in in
,
even
,
,
,
.
sin
incited war hatred and out iaujutl

he
From there peoalti vmpa
in
was cast tecuculiliztli teuhtli tlacolli
in
,
,
,
,
.
:
and he fell oaltotococ vmpa oalvetz
.
in ,
.
the
he
And walketh upon earth deluding and misleading Auh nican tlalticpac teiztlacaujtinemj teca moca
,
people caiauhtinemj
.
For
so
est
of
ca
the word God Factum proelium est

magnum iuhca teutlatolli Factum prelium magnü
in
is
in
celo
,
:
.
12.
coelo Apoc
vei
12.
That great war was fought quitoznequj ilhujcatl ytic

in
apoc
in
iaoiutl omuchiuh
is
in
a
,
.
: ,
,
.
heaven which Lucifer incited oquipeoalti lucifer

in
.
He this Tezcatlipoca iehoatl tezcatlipuca titlacaoa vei diablo iehoatl

in
this Titlacauan great

,
,
,
,
,
is
:
[
as ]
[
]
yn
devil The ancients adored him god and they celebrated qujmoteutitiaque veuetque yoan qujlhujqujxtiliaia
in
,
,
a
,
.
:
the
his
yn
yn
of
feast month Toxcatl And they slew him iquac toxcatl yoan qujmjctiaia jxiptla -qujtocaiotiaia
his in
[
,
.
who was likeness whom they named Titlacauan titlacahoan

,
,
So much were the ancients crazed cenca omotlapololtique

in
ic
veuetque
.
.
yn
Jzcatquj
G.
G.
no
yet another devil

oc
Behold whom the ancients adored qujmoteutitiaque

ce
in in
diablo
,
,
To
yn
god named Tlaloc Tlaloque ueuetque jtoca tlaloc anoço tlaloque itech tlamjloia
or
as
him was attributed

,
,
a
:
.
the rain qujiaujtl

.
Ca
They said For these make things sprout they make qujtoque iehoãtin qujxoaltiaia qujcueponaltia quiz
,
,
"
, ,
:
they bring life trees and plants quaujtl muchi tonacaiutl No

to
them bloom and indeed caltiaia cacatl auh

in
in
in
ie
,
in :
.
our
the
the
all
Also Tlalocs were attributed yoan yntech tlamjloia tlalloque ceilaqujliztli

. to
sustenance
in
,,
,
.”
flood and the thunder bolt tlavitequjliztli

,
:
of
For the sake

yn
these devils the ancients celebrated ipampa ynin diablome qujmilhujqujstiliaia ipan
a
,
the
atl
or
Atl
of
feast month Quauitl eua caualo when quavitl veuetque iquac xiuh
in
eoa anoçe caoalo

in
in
,
]
[
38
fire
the
On
their feast day many children tzitzqujloia ipam imilhujuh tepeticpac mjctiloia mje
in
new was made
,
:
.
the
quintin pipiltzitzinti
ie
on
tops
in
called tlacateteuhti were slain mountain moteneoaia tlacateteuhti
in
—
those
,
the
yn
qualli intonal
no
and whose day signs ontecuezcomeque yoan
at
who had two cowlicks hair hoantin
in
in
,
,
-
:
vel tlaconex
ca
they were temoloia patiutiloia mjtooaia iehoantin
of
And also
,
the time birth were favorable
,
:
]
.
sought out and bought was said that they were most
tlaoalti
It
.
.
precious blood offerings
.
-
of the
sin
Jnjn
in
This was very great and terrible which ancients cenca vey yoan cenca temamauhti tlatlaculli
ca
,
a
,
air
the
the
the
the
for
yn
spirits qujchioaia veuetque jmpampa diablome tzitzitzimj
of
committed sake devils
in
in
,
,
,
,
These Tlalocs aroused fear because they gave iehoanti qujte
ca
the demons culeleti iehoan tlaloque momotia
in
in
,
.
:
rain and all our sustenance qujaujtl yoan isqujch tonacaiutl
in
in
maca
:
,
.
:
Thus greatly were the ancients crazed and greatly they omotlapololtique veuetque
ca in
cenca
ic
yoan
,
cenca
,
He
vel
yn
all
çã
offended God For indeed only Himself giveth oqujmoiolitlacalhuique
of
dios izeltzin techmoma
,
,
:
.
all
qujlia tisqujchti cemanaoac titlaca iehoatl qujavitl
on
us
men earth this rain wherewith made our susten-
in
in
is
,,
,
yn
ance ynjc muchioa isqujch tonacajutl
.
:
teutlatolli izcatquj Dabo vobis pluujas tem
ca
Dabo vobis pluvias
of
For behold iuhca
in
this the word God
is
,
,
.
:
temporibus suis terra germinabit germen suum pomis poribus sujs terra germjnabjt germen suum pomjs
et
et
et
et
,
,
:
26
leujtici
26
arbores replebentur Levitici arbores replebuntur
,
.
.
.
.
Thus speaketh our Lord God and saith shall give Motlatoltia totecujo dios qujmitalhuja Namechnoma
in
"I
,
:
uel
My qujliz
at by
qujavitl
in
you live
its
in
you rain every year good time cecexiuhtica imonecian intla
in
in
if
,
,
(
,
commandments you fall not into idolatry And Myanqujmonemiliztizque notenaoatil intlacatle tlateutoqujliztli
if
,
,
,
).
the
word earth will become green and will bear fruit And anqujchioazque auh tlalticpactli notencopa claxoaltiz
in
),
,
.
My
.” the
fruit trees will bear much fruit and will tlatlaaquillotiz auh xochiqualquaujtl notencopa
at
word cenca
in
,
:
greatly increase mox
oxochiquallotiz cenca tlaaquiz
.
of
Your forefathers knew not they heard not the word In amoculhoan amo qujmattiaque atle oqujcactiaque
,
in ,
the
ca
God Thus our great adversaries teutlatolli amocacaiauhque
vel in
devils much deluded cenca diablome
in
in
ic
,
,
:
.
the
on
us
people who live tlalticpac

in
earth toiaoan , titlaca
.
.
,
the
the
A.
Jzcatquj iuhca teutlacolli ynic pinauhtilo

A.
of
Behold word God according
in
to
which in
,
are brought tlateutocanjme Jncömunjcabile nomen lapidibus lignis
to
idolaters
et
shame Incommunicabile nomen
,
.
:
14.
lignis imposuerunt
In
lapidibus Sapientiae inposuerunt Sapientie tlateutocanjme ynjc cenca
14
So
That
,>
is
et
.q
,
n
,
“
.
.
led
were the worshippers into error that they gave omotlapololtique ytech oqujtlalique
of
idols teutocaitl tetl

in
in
,
,
quavitl tetl yoã quavitl
of
God they worshipped yoan qujteutocaque

to
in
the name
in
in
stone and wood
in
stone
,
;
:
:
vel
only Him Him- izeltzin yneixcaujlaxcatzin teiocuianj

of
idols The name God
in
as
and wood teotl çan dios
in
all is
,
[
]
.
yn
self God the creator through whom live jpalnemoanj

,
."
.
by
And the idolators blinded

yn
called name the stone Auh jxpopoiome tlateutocanjme qujtocaiotique
ca in
art ,
in
,
,
,
my
To
For tetl qujlhujque qujlhujque quaujtl

ca
saying thou god wood they said For tinoteouh
in
,
,
.”
art"
"
thou my god thou are my lord tinoteouh tinotlatocauh

,
,
.
.”
”
the
for
yn
be
worshippers No cēca tlaelittalonj

of
Also yoan tlateutocanjme

to
in
this were idols abhorred

in
:
the
by
yn
-that they placed Him Whose grace jtocatzin dios ipalnemoanj intech oqujtlalique oqujchti
of
name God
,
,
we
yn yn
yn
on
on
live men and mortals who were corrupt cioa miqujnj palanjnj amo qualli innemiliz
in
in
women
,
,
,
who lived evilly and were amo qualli iniollo

of
evil hearts
.
.
the
Jnjn jntla
yn
These are great sins idolatry your fathers tlateutoqujliztli

of
of
ca
tetzauhtlatlaculli
in
deeds
,
,
yn
yn
your grandparents the ancients Behold their madness chioal amotahoan amoculhoan veuetque izcatquj
in
,
,
.
:
yn
jnnetlapololtiliz
.
In
an
B.
, B.
These the worshipped idol veuetque oqujteutocaque quetzal

in
ancients iehoantin
in
called
,
,
]
Quetzalcoatl who was ruler Tula And you named him tollan clatoanj yoan anqujtocaiotiaia
in
at
coatl catca
,
,
.
Topiltzin Topiltzin
.
.
for
for
yn
his
Jnin mjqujni
ca ca
ca
ca
omjc
ca
He was He body opalan

he
man was mortal died maceoalli

,
,
,
a
;
.
no
corrupted He god jnacaio amo teutl

is
:
.
amo
ca
though saintly performed maciuj iecnemjlize

of
And life auh tlamaceoaia

in
in
man who
,
a
.god
was
not
penances worshipped The things qujmoteutizquja tlein oqujchiuh iuhqujnma

he
be
tlamaui
to
as
in
,
a
:
he ,
we
he
ca
ca
which did which were like miracles know did çolli ticmati çan tlacateculotlatoltica oqujchiuh
,
,
[
:
]
39
He
the
the
only through imjcniuh monequj
of
command devil friend tlatlacateculo telchioaloz tlaelitta
in
ic
is
,
a
.
loz
mjctlan oqujmotlaxili
he
ca
totecujo
of
be
devils Therefore must needs accursed and abomi- dios
in
:
:
.
be
for our Lord God hath caused him
to
nated thrust into
of
the land the dead
.
The ancients held that Quetzalcoatl Tlapallan tlapallan quetzalcoatl
ca
veuetque
to
in
went qujtotiaque
ia
in
,
;
ca ,
yet
injn
he
oc
oc
ca
yn ca
that will return He still expected This not vallaz chielo amo nelli iztlacatlatolli
is
is
,
[
:
.
his
yn
on
true falsehood For body died here earth omjc jnacaio nican tlalticpac otlaltic otlaçoltic auh
it
it
is
,
;
;
, :
.
our
his
yn
became dust it became filth And soul Lord God janjma oqujmotlatzontequjlili totecujo dios mjctlan
,
,
.
the
the
qujmotlaxili vmpa cemjcac tleco tlaihiiouiz
of
be
land
to
ca
damned and caused thrown into dead
,
.
.
the
In
that place It will forever suffer flames
in
is
it
.
.
yn
yn
C.
Jzcatquj ynnetlapololtiliz
of
your forefathers For they
C.
oc
Behold another madness centlamantli
,
.
ipã
yn
ca
worshipped god devil representing oqujmoteutique diablo
in
as
woman named amoculhoan mixeoa
,
a
yn
Ciuacoatl cioatl jtoca cioacoatl
,
.
.
Of the
she
she
Jnjn
yn
appeared iquac motenestiliaia cioatl ynjc necia
of
When took form woman She iuha'nma
,
a
:
.
frightened her ytech tlamjloia injc iehoatl qujte
and terrified people was supposed that teiçaviaia tlamauhtiaia
it
,
,
.
she
the
yn
the
gave poverty and misery digging tump- netolinjliztli jcnoiutl victli mecapalli
in
macaia
in
in
in
—
stick
,
,
,
-
line and grief choquiztli
-
yn .
day
hi
Wherefore they celebrated feast They made offer- Auh ipampa qujlhujqujxtiliaia ixpan tlamanaia
,
a
,
-
her .
:
her
yn
ings and slew victims before anger and ixpan tlamjctiaia ynjc amo ipan vechoaz iqualan
ill
that will
in
,
,
might not fall upon them jtlauel
.
of [
).
in vei
your forefathers
yn
Such deeds were very great madness Jnin iuh qujchiuhtinenca amoculhoan cenca
.
,
He
He
vel
we
by
They knew not that only netlapololtiliztli amo qujmatia
ca
alone Whom live çan izeltzin
,
,
,
:
he
us
our Lord God watcheth over and defendeth And ipalnemoanj totecujo dios motepielia motemanavilia auh
,
,
:
.
yn
no
diablo njman aquen qujnchioaz

ill
who believeth and hath faith God will suffer from itlaneltocacaoan
in
in
in
,
yn
the devil dios jtetzinco motemachia
,
,
so .
the
me
For
yn
of
me
word God Quoniam sperabit teutlatolli Quonjam
ca
sperabit liberabo
in
is
iuhca
in
,
,
:
.
liberabo eum protegam eum quoniam cognovit nomen eum potegam eum quonjam cognouit nomen meum
,
:
ad
me
ad
ego exaudiam eum cum ipso sum ego exaudiam eum cum ipso sum
et
clamabit clamabit me
in
et
meum ,
,
,
glorificabo XC
Ps
eripiam tribulatione eripiam eum glorificabo eum psal
90
tribulatione eum
in
et
et
eum
,
.
.
.
yn
, Jn
That thus saith God He who will believe and qujtoznequj Motlatoltia dios aquin nechneltocaz
is
,
[
"
:
:
:
.
aid
have faith Me favor and njcpaleuiz ipan njnilacatzoz

to to
him shall him shall yoan notechmotemachiz

in
,
,
I
, :
He
My oqujxima
ca
ipampa
he
turn For knew name will call Me and notocatzin nechmotzatzililiz

in
,
I I
:
.
yn
shall hear him with favor shall comfort him when nictlavelcaqujliz niciollaliz iquac motequipachoz
I
,
.
anguish njcmaqujxtiz nicpaleuiz

he
shall deliver him and aid him

it in
is
,
I
.
."
Jnjn
vel
ca
plain that only our Lord God Himself aideth and

ca
For neci çan izeltzin totecujo dios motepa

ic
is
,
,
vel
us
leujlianj motemanavilianj
ca
And necessary only call and supplicate monequj çan izeltzin

to
defendeth auh
it
is
, ,
,
:
.
Him Himself
us
when anything afflicteth notzaloz tlatlauhtiloz iquac itla techtequjpachoa

in
;
.
.
the
D.
D.
In
many other ways Oc miec tlamantli ynic

ca
, in
devils deluded the ancients mocacaiauhque
in
,
,
the
the
air
making them believe tzitzitzimj oqujntlaneltoqujtique

of
For they veuetque

in
in
demons diablome
in
,
.
:
yn
ca
believed certain goddesses and for their sake celebrated cequjntin cioateteu inpan qujnmatia jpampa
in
auh
,
y
:
,
feast days and laid offerings and slew sacrificial victims qujmilhujqujxtiliaia yoan ymjxpan clamanaia yoan
,
before them tlamjctiaia

.
.
Ce
of
One these was thought itech tlamjloia

It
was named Chicome coatl ytoca chicume coatl

in
in
iehoatl
in
[
,
]
,
.
that she made our sustenance and every means õnenca injulca
of
of
life
in
tonacaiutl caço tlein maceoalti

in
,
:
the
common people
.
Tlalli yiollo yiollo

no
Teteo innan ynic tlalli yoan

or
A
second one was and vme teteu innan anoço

,
,
,
[
;
the as ]
she
Toci The
ca
was also known ancients held that this moteneoaia toci qujtotiaque veuetque iehoatl
in
,
in
i,
in :
.
oquintlacatili
on
ca
one gave birth gods tlalticpac ipampa

to
whence came men earth teteu neci tlaca

in
,
,
:
her
our
, In
in
Toci iehoatl teteu inna qujtlaiecultiaia

in
Hence they named grandmother This moteneoa toci

,
(
).
.
the
the
yn
Teteo innan physicians served leeches those who titici teitzminque tetlanoqujlique teispatique
in
auh
,
,
,
40
purged people ,
-eye
the
the
doctors and women midwives cioa temjxiujtianj tepillalilianj tetlatlaxilianj tla
in
in
,
,
;
,
,
-
by the
those who brought about abortions who read future pouhque atlan teittanj tlaulchaiauhque mecatlapouhque
,
,
,
,
by
who cast auguries looking upon water casting tetlacujcujlique tetlanocujlanque teixocujlanque
or
.
by
of
grains
of
maize who read fortunes use knotted cords
,
,
by
or
who cured sickness removing stones obsidian knives
from the body who removed worms from the teeth and the
eyes
,
.
Also those who had sweat houses prayed No quitlatlauhtiaia temazcaleque ipampa qujtlalia
in
to
her Because
y
:
,
.
-
set
up
yn
yn
of
this they her image
of
the front ixiptla ixquac yoan qujtocaiotiaia
in
the sweat-
in
temazcalli
,
,
:
her
the
the
grandmother
of
houses and called sweat houses temazcalteci
,
.
-
all
And
of
observed her feast day each year Auh yn jsqujchtin qujlhujqujxtiliaia
hi
these and cecexiujtl ispan
,
[
,
]
laid offerings before her and slew men before her tlamanaia ispan tlamjctiaia
,
,
.
[
Oc
no
E.
qujmoteutiaia tzaputla
as
they adored goddess
E.
ce
Another woman whom cioatl itoca tena
,
a
(
:
was named Tzapotla tenan
.
By
her was made the turpentine unguent vxitl yoan qujtoaia
ca
And they said
in
itech tlamiloia qujnpaleujaia
in
,
.
she
thethe
quaxocociuj tozcamjiaoaciuj qujntozcavxiuja cha

to of
that truth healed itch those with hoarse-
in
head
in
in
,
,
;
yn
, ]by
the
ness applied unguent throat quachiuj quaçaoati xutzaianj tentzaianj
in
in
was used
in
it
,
;
[
(
or the ]
the
yn
jcxitzaianj
on
head with mange isteteçonauj yoan qualocatl

of
those with scurf head intech
in
,
,
a
:
the lips with dry scabs
on
with cracks the feet on the motlalia tlaxcaliciuiztli
in
,
.
of
face with cracks the skin the legs And one applied
by in
,
.
to
sores raised ticks.130

it
]
[
iuh
çã vel
yn
Jn
liquid turpentine mjeccan moneq ynjn
or
The turpentine unguent was used vxitl anoçe vxiatl
',
the
for
ca
many purposes Thus said ancients But they only qujtotiaque veuetque oiztlacatiaque çan teca
in
ic
,
,
.
.
led
lied they thus only men into error omocacaiauhque

;
.
.
And when her feast day was celebrated the turpentine Auh
yn
iquac ilhujqujstililoia vxinamacaque motla
in
,
,
unguent merchants
and slew slave bought They made cacoujaia tlacamictiaia qujtzoallotiaia jxiptla
in
,
,
a
:
.
Tzapotla tenan
an
dough made
of
image
of
amaranth
in
[
seed and maize

.
many other ways they paid honor ynjc qujmauiztiliaia

oc
mjec tlamantli
in
like manner
in
iehoatl
In
y
,
[
,
]
,
this Tzapotla tenan tzaputla
to
tena
.
.
Oc
Another goddess whom your forefathers

no
oqujmoteutitiaque
F.
worshipped
F.
ce
ciuateutl amoculhoan
in
,
,
Chalchiuhtli icue
yn
was named jtoca chalchiuhtli ycue

.
:
she
the
They said belonged among Tlalocs qujtoaia pouj in tlaloque qujlmach

the as
their elder invam inveltiuh

,
:
was said that she cast people into teatlanmjctiaia tepolactiaia cenca clamauh
It
sister water she teatoctiaia

ic
,
,
;
:
.
drowned them and sank them Hence

in
the water she tiaia ymacaxoia

.
greatly terrified people and was feared

[
The water carriers and men who sailed boats celebrated

yn
Qujlhujqujstiliaia anamacaque yoan atlaca yoã ixpan

-
:
her
her
feast day And before they laid offerings and slew tlamanaia yoan tlamictiaia mjec tlamantli ynjc qujmauiz
.
in :
her
can
çan
With many such acts they thus paid honor netlapololtilizpā

to
tiliaia nen
in
in
men
,
,
[
.
only because
of
their madness
in
vain
,
Oc
Still other evil women your fathers and forefathers

no
wor- cequjntin cioatlaueliloque qujnteutocatiaque

in
in
,
By
yn
yn
yn
as
shipped goddesses One was named Tlaçolteutl amotahoan amoculhoan itoca tlaculteudl ytech
,
,
[
.
.
]
:
sin
her were brought

to
pass vice and tlamjloia teuhtli tlaculli

in
in
,
,
.
qujl naujntin injc ynjc vme

It
was said that there were four women The first was ytoca tiacapan
ce
eoa cioa
,
,
,
:
.
the
the
ynic nauj ytoca xocutzi

ey
named Tiacapan second was named Teicui third itoca teicui inic itoca tlacu
,
; ;
was named Tlaco the fourth was named Xocotzin

.
...
101
con
su , del
Cf.
passage Sahagún Historia general Vol may clarify algunos curan esto penca maguey
5.
A
II,
130.
la de in
la
.p
.p
,
(
"
, .
:
)
del
abriéndola por medio para que queda descubierta

de un
en
....
pedazo parche poniéndola
yg
cortando manera nacido boca nacido tomar

de el
el la
,
y
y
a
del
del un
en
poco ponerlo propia boca suerte que poniendo fuego sobre óxitl quede quemado comida
...
óxid nacido nacido
el
y
.
.
as
Einige Kapitel
.p
enfermo serán tortillas tostadas Seler translates tlaxcalicivi Maisfladenkrankheit

7
.
”
.”
"
)
(
41
Thesefour women were looked upon as god [desses ]. iehoan hi, in navinti cioa impam
In machoia teteu : in
They were called Tlaçolteteu ( goddesses of filth ) . iehoantin y motocaiotia tlačulteteu :
From the names of these goddesses of filth your young yn intechin yn intoca , in tlaçulteteu , qujcuj yn jntoca
girls have taken their names — some have been named yn amochpuchoan cequjntin qujmotocaiotia , tiacapan,
Tiacapan , some Teicui , some Tlaco , others Xocotzin . cequjntin teicuj, cequjntin tlacu , cequjnti xucutzin .
This is idolatry. It must cease and be abominated . Injn ca tlateutoqujliztli , ca monequj caoaloz , tlaelittaloz :
Your fathers and grandfathers worshipped these evil in iehoantin in in naujanjme, qujnmoteutitiaque yn
women , and before them they slew men and offered gifts. amotahoan , yn amoculhoan : yoan ymjxpan clamjctiaia ,
ymixpan lamanaia .
in Oc
the
no
G.
G. The devil blinded ancient people with another centlamantli netlapololtiliztli oqujmixpu
ic
,
folly puiotili
he
similar diablo veuetque oqujntlaneltoqujti
to
which caused them believe
in
,
,
.
:
in
Women who died they said
in
in
childbirth became god- iehoantin mocioaquetzque qujtoaia moteucuepa
,
desses They named them Ciuateteu and Ciuapipilti qujntocaiotique cioateteu cioapipilti
,
Of .
.
them was supposed and men said They hate Jntech tlamiloia qujlmach tetlaueliaia teca mocacaiaoaia
it
,
"
:
aca
people they laugh them When one was under their injc itech qujneoaia tennecujliuja
in
at
clavelilocatia
;
,
.”
; by
spell possessed one's mouth was twisted one's isnecujliuja matziculiujaia icxicupichauja icximjmjquja
,
them
,
,
:
of
face was contorted one lacked use hand one's feet momacuecuetzaia tēqualacqujcaia
a
:
were misshapen one's feet were deadened
; one's hand
-
trembled one foamed the mouth

at
;
.)
They said thus they have met and contended cioapipilti
ca
Indeed mjtoaia omotenamjcti ipan oquizque
in
ic
,
,
"
:
:
with the Ciuapipilti
.”
Therefore they greatly revered and worshipped them At
in
ipampa
in
hi
cenca imacaxoia neteutiloia chachan
in
,
,
.
set
crossroads they out gifts before imixpan tlamanaloia

at
houses which were vmaxac
:
,
them
.
day
yn
When they celebrated their feast they thus offered ilhujqujxtililoia mjec tlamantli qujntlamanjliaia
ic
,
,
[
-
on
many things this day imjlhujuh ipan

to
them
.
.
This your forefathers Jnjn
yn
which did worshipping many qujchiuhtiaque amoculhoan injc q'nmoteutiaia
in
in
,
,
,
vel
women was foolish and laughable and brought great shame mjequjnti cioa tetlapololti yoan teuetzqujti cenca
ic
,
,
,
upon them omopinauhtique

.
:
the
all
uel
yn
This verily
of
God refutes well injn qujtlauelnamjquj isqujch teutlatolli

ca
word
,
.
Оc
A.
mjequjnti
A.
no
The ancients worshipped many other gods whom they oqujnmoteutitiaque
in
teteu
,
yn
yn
so
did not consider great already amo quinneneujlia omoteneuhque

as
those mentioned veuetque
:
[
,
the
vel
noujian
of
And one was worshipped everywhere tletl
yoāin
fire auh ceme iehoan iehoatl
in
in
in
these
,
,
,
.god
They named him Xiuhtecutli oqujtocaio
no
And they also oqujtocaiotique xiuhteculi
as
neteutiloc
,
,
a
named him Ixcoçauhqui and also Cueçaltzin tique iscuçauhquj

no
and Veueteotl yoan cueçaltzin yoan veueteutl yoan

,
,
and Tota tota
:
.
Jnin
he
ca
He was thought god considering that burned one teutl ipan machoia ichica tetlatia tepaloa
,
,
,
he a
,
the
he
oc
consumed one scorched fields And many other techichinoa yoan cequj miec tlamantli itequjo
,
.
:
.
things were his office

.
the
Jnjn
yn
The feast day ilhujqujstililoia

of
this Xiuhtecutli was observed ipan izcalli yoã yispan

in
xiuhtecutli
[
oc :
gifts ispan netotiloia cequj mjec

of
month Izcalli And before him men were slain tlamictiloia tlamanaloia Auh
,
,
]
.
yn
all
were laid And many more things tlamātli ipampa jmauiztililoca iscu
in
before him danced muchioaia

,
,
;
iuh
yn
yn
they did pay honor this Ixcoçauhqui This çauhquj ynjn quichiuhtinenca
to
to
order amoculhoan
in
in
,
,
,
:
.
your forefathers the ancient ones did veuetque

,
:
yn vel
yn
Thus jmjxpupuiotiliz qujmoteu

ca
ca
shown their arrant blindness For they worshipped cenca vey

is
neci
ic
:
.
yn
yn
god that which seeth not nor heareth nor liveth amo tlacaquj iuli
as
which tiaia amo tlachia amo can

in
,
,
;
a
He
only gift which ynjc techtlaiecultiz

of
creature God made that itlachioaltzin dios tonemac omuchiuh

—
it
is
tlaie
us
might serve praise and serve monequj mauiztililoz iecteneoaloz

to
Hence meet honor ypampa

,
iehoatl
,
it
is
,
,
.
for
yn
our Lord God those things which He hath given cultiloz otechmomaqujlitzino totecujo dios
in
,
[
unto us
.
42
B. Another devil whom the ancient ones worshipped as B. Oc no ce diablo qujmoteutitiaque , in veuetque , in
a god , they named Ixtlilton , Xochipilli.131 qujtocaiotique istlilton , yoan xuchipilli :
And they said that when people fasted , if one of us men ynjn qujtoaia, yn jquac necavililoia : intla aca toq'chti
lay
qujtoaia
or
with woman woman with man was said ipan cioacuchiz anoço cioatl ipan oquichcuchiz
it
,
a
a
,
yn
They brought naught their fasting through sin qujtlaçolmjctiaia inecaoaliz
to
:
.”
"
Thereupon Xochipilli would visit them with haemor- tetech qujtlaliaia suchiciuiztli
in
menexoaliztli
in
in
ic
,
[
Jn
tlapalanaltiliztli quexiliujliztli yujc
hi
rhoids venereal sickness and piles whereupon they would ipampa
in
,
,
,
,
.
the
quiet remove ynic qujceuiz ynjc qujquaniz cuculiztli
in
in
or
to
to
make vows him order abate nenetoltiloia
,
,
:
sickness
.
day
his
Wherefore when they observed feast they ipampa qujlhujq’xtiliaia qujneçaujliaia qujtlamanjliaia
,
[
. -
.
]
for
went into mourning him and offered him gifts
vey
This was great folly Jnjn
yn
yn
the ancient ones this which they
,
of
innetlapololtiliz
ca
veuetque ipampa
in
a
,
the
his
iuhquj quichiuhtinenca qujpiaia

on
ca
did account For they kept not they knew not qujmatia
in
atle atle
,
,
:
.
of
commandments God teutlatolli

.
.
the
And
ma
uel
oc vel
know well that only He alone Auh
, in
now true God axcan xicmatican çan izeltin izel
,
,
,
,
,
heareth you and giveth you life There other no teutl dios motepatilianj moteiolitilianj aiac
ce
he is
,
,
.
.
vel
When pain tetolinj çan
he
affliction befall one
or
may pray jquac itla topan muchioa
in
to
in
in
tecoco
,
,,
,
the
may seek only Him according tlatlauhtiloz temuloz teutlatolli tlacpac

to
alone commandment izeltzin iuhca
in
in
,
,
omjto
of
hath been said above

as
God
,
.
.
the
yn
C.
no
Yet Oc
C.
ce
ancient ones worshipped qujmoteutiaia veuetque
in
another devil whom diablo itoca
,
god was named Omacatl omacal
as
a
,
.
qujtoaia
ca
For they said that this one first devised invitations iehoatl ymactia
, in
covaiutl tecoanotza
in
in
feasts
,
,
,
yn
of
gatherings families liztli jnnecentlaliliz tevaniolque
in
.
in :
To
one's house was brought ixiptla

he
and there honored techan vicoia vmpa mauiztililoia

,
:
who was his likeness
.
Yet many more things your forefathers said and ascribed OC cenca miec tlamantli itech oqujtotiaque ytech
,
their puerility which oqujtlamjtiaque pipillutl
in
in in
to
him their childishness were amoculhoā cucuneiutl
in
in
,
, ,
,
[
lies laughable and scarcely

be
iztlacatlatolli teuetzqujti njman amo neltoconj

to
believed
in
in
,
.
Likewise one Ixtlilton
no
god
or
of
Tlatetecuin was the Çan iehoatl istlilton anoço tlaltetecujn inteouh catca
,
,
in
ancient ones veuetque

.
yn :
There was his black water Also was said that was jtlilauh
no
it
it
vncatca yoan qujlmach itequjuh tlaiacaxa

.
,
:
tap
or
his
Many other things putlaia vitzmanaia mjec tlamantli itech tlamjloia

no
oc
to
office taste were

it
,
”
"
:
:
.
yn
him and many pastimes were enjoyed yoan mjec tlamantli neaviltiliztli qujchioaia jncha
to
ascribed when in
,
,
,
[
yn
the
they brought impersonator qujvicaia

of
Ixtlilton
are to
their houses istlilton

,
;
(
of .
yn vel
ca
Thus appeareth deserving techoctique tetozqujtenque

ic
that the ancient ones neci cenca
in in
it
,
neltoconj
of
ca
reproaches moving them tears because verily they vevetque qujneltocaia

to
tears iehica amo

,
,
,
:
are
to
cucunejutl
im
believed childish and infantile things which pipillutl

be
not
,
believed
D.
yn
D.
no
ce
One more devil who was god Oc diablo inteouh catca

of
veuetque
in
the ancients was jtoca

a
named Opochtli opuchtli

.
yn
They said
he
was god
of
Thus
ca
ca
them who sailed boats qujtoque inteouh atlaca iuh qujtoaia iehoatl
,
,
.
the
net
the
yn
they said that from him came dart thrower itlatzintil matlatl atlatl mjnacachalli aujetli
. in
in
,
,
,
ý
-
the
the
the
for
tzonvaztli
in
trident boating pole rope snaring

,
,
-
.
his
And
yn
when feast day was celebrated many were the Auh iquac ilhujqujstililoia ventli
in
miec tlamantli
,
,
him
the
gifts which they laid before And many were things jspan qujmanaia
oc
yoan mjec tlamātli ixpan qujchioaia

yn in
,
.
:
him
which they did before these seafarers whom the devil iuh qujmiztlacauj cenca oqujmoioli
in
atlaca
in
diablo
ic
,
thus deluded Thus did they greatly offend God our Lord tlacalhujque totecujo dios
in
,
.
.
Oc
The ancient
no
yn
as
ones worshipped god oqujmoteutitiaque

ce
another devil diablo veuetque jtoca

in
,
a
Xipe
or
named Totec totec anoço xipe

.
was said that his office was

to
wound men with blisters

It
qujl itequjuh catca totomonjliztli papa

,
temotlaia
in
ic
,
,
the
131. The incorrect pairing Ixtlilcon and Xochipilli text The Spanish text
of
in
Aztec correct
is
is
.
43
sores , smallpox , ophthalmia , maladies causing watery eyes , lanjliztli , çaçaoa tiliztli , iscocoliztli , ischichitinaliztli , isten
,
lice
the
the
eyelashes eyes fogging pipixqujliztli istamaçoliciuiztli isaiauhpachiujliztli istotol
of
infected about eyes
,
,
the
iciuiztli istezcaiciuiztli
of
cataracts glazing
,
eyes
:
,
.
toqujchtin iujcpa
yn
among aq'n ipan muchioaia
in
Whosoever was visited with sicknesses cocoliztli
in
these
,
[
,
for
ynjc vmmaquiz yeoaio totec
he us
mjtoaia
he
men that reason was said made vow that monetoltiaia
it
,
a
,
.
of
would wear the skin Totec
vey
oc yn
vei
This was great folly great blindness your fore- Jnjn netlapololtiliztli ispupuiotiliztli
ca
which amo
, ,
yn
fathers left to you Alas for tech qujcauhtiaque ointlaveliltic cēca
to
woe even amoculhoan
if
them them
:
.
yn
yn
perchance now they think upon ointlaueliltic axcan açoc qujlnamiquj
,
it
.
.
yn
E.
no
in yn
Another demon whom the ancient
E.
Oc veuetque
as
ones worshipped
ce
diablo oqujmoteutitiaque
,
godwas called Yiacatecutli and lacaculiuhqui jtoca yiacatecutli yoan iacaculiuhquj qujl inteouh
It
was
,
a
, :
.
the
the
the
god merchants Each year puchteca qujlhujquistiliaia puchteca
of
he
said that was cecexiuhtica
in
,
:
.
his
merchants observed feast day

-
.
him
They slew many slaves before and many other mjequjntin tlatlacuti ispan qujmjctiaia yoan mjec
in
,
;
:
ways they thus paid him honor tlamantli ynjc qujmaviztiliaia
,
.
yet for
oc
hi
Alas those who devised this even greater woe ointlaueliltic qujiocuxtiaque
in
in
iehoantin
to
them cenca
,
;
,
yn
even they think upon ointlaveliltic noma qujlnamjquj
if
,
it
.
.
the
Yet
no
in yn
Oc
F.
old people worshipped veuetque
F.
ce
another devil whom diablo oqujmoteutitiaque
as
in
,
,
god was named Nappa tecutli was god itoca nappa tecutli qujl ynteouh petlachiuhque yoan
he
It
said that
in
is
,
of a
:
.
tlacuechiuhque
those who made mats and those who made kind of
a
[
.
of
frame reeds
.
the
the
yn
No qujtoaia perlatolin
ca
they said that this one caused growth qujxoaltiaia
of
Likewise iehoatl
in
etc. ,
,
the
the
for
yn
reeds used plaiting mats white reeds chick round aztapili tolmjmjlli
,,
,
,
reeds etc.
,
the
And once yearly the mat makers Auh qujlhujqujxtiliaia petlachiuhque

of
day of
makers mats cexiuhtica
in
in
.day ,
,
-
his
his
yn
thick reeds celebrated feast And when feast tolcuechiuhque tlacuechiuhque auh iquac ynilhujuh
in
,
:
-
-
old
his
yn
yn
came men performed many foolish things quiçaia iehoantin jveueiovan cenca mjec tlamantli
,
,
.
,
tlavelilocaiutl qujchioaia
,
.
iuh
cel
yn
Woe unto them who thus brought thing pass
to
intlaveliltic qujchiuhtiaque
O
centzompa
hi
these
,
o
.
:
yn
Twenty score times woe any who may even yet think qujlnamiquj
ca
cequjnti diablo
to
tlaveliltic intla noma
,
off
yn
upon For the devil will carry their souls qujnvicaz jmanjma
it
.
.
G.
G.
no
yn
Another demon whom the ancients worshipped Oc
ce
qujmoteutitiaque veuetque
in
diablo
as
,
a
,
yn
god was named Tezcatzoncatl jtoca qujl qujchiuh qujl
he
vctli
It
was said that made catca tezcatzoncatl
,
:
.
his
of
the wine was said that was invention itlanextil

,
it
it
;
him .
yn
yn
And also mjequjnti

no
no
His many
oc
friends were demons like jcnioan jtlacateculopoa çan

,
[
:
yn
yn
as
this same wine was their office well iehoatl vctli intequjuh catca
.
.
Ca
All were worshipped gods their feast days muchinti neteutiloia ilhujqujstililoia tlaiecultiloia
in
as
truth
,
,
,
yn
service was given ynjc tetepexiujaia tequechme

of
were celebrated them because their ypampa jntlavelilocaio

,
,
for ;
wickedness they cast men from crags they strangled canjaia temjctiaia
—
,
,
and slew them

.
yn
oc
wine did many other things tlachicque mjec tlamantli qujchioaia

. of
These makers wherefore cenca iehoanti

,
,
,
men served them ynjc qujntlaiecultiaia

]
[
Woe unto
yn
juh qujchiuhtinenca ointla

oc
them that thus lived even greater woe ointlaueliltic cenca

if
;
,
,
the
yn
some even now thus persist doing this For devil will intla cequjntin noma iuh qujchiuhtinemj
veliltic
in
anoço
,
,
.
yn
carry off their souls qujlnamjctinemj

ca
diablo qujnvicaz jmanjma

.
.
Оc
There was another folly which your forefathers netlapololtiliztli amotech qujauh
A.
A.
no
to
centlamantli
,
yn
For they considered mountains gods tiaque oqujtotiaque

the be
ca
bore witness
to
tetepe
ca
in
amoculhoã teteu
;
,
.
wherefore they fashioned figures represent ipāpa quinpiquja

to
moun- tetepe
in
[
tains
,
44
And these images they named Tepictoton. Auh yn jmixiptlavan , qujntocaiotiaia tepictoton :
the
for
ills
And they made vows with yoan ynvic monetoltiaia coaciuja ynjc tepiquizque
in
their
—
those
,
[
]
palsy etc.
that they would make these images etc.
—
, ,
yn
And when they had made these images then they laid Auh oqujnpicque njman imixpan clamanaia ymjxpan
,
offerings before them they sang before them they did many cujcujcaia
cujcujcaia mjec tlamantli ymjxpan qujchioaia ynjc
;
,
,
,
things presence Thus they paid them honor
in
their qujnmaviztiliaia
:
.
in .
vel
Greatly were they error they who offered offerings motlapololtiaia maca çan tlavancapupul
to
in
,
.
those who were only besotted
yn
the
Auh cempoliuj
ca
And indeed observance not now completely axcan aiamo noma cequjnti
is
,
[
on
uprooted some pay their moxtlaoa tepeticpac
to
even now debts them
;
:
[
132
mountain tops
.
vei
sin
yn
And auh ynjn
ca
this great offence great tlatlaculli vey yiolitlaculoca vey
to
mortal God dios
is
a
,
sin a
,
,
a
an
heresy
ca
abominable eregia tetzauhtlatlaculli
It
is
.
.
the
yn
Jzcatquj veuetque ynjc qujnmauizti
no
B.
B.
Behold also how the ancient ones paid honors qujchioaia
to
,
mountains They called them Tepicme they said they liaia tetepe qujnchioaia tepicme iuhqujnma titlaca ynjc
in
,
[
:
:
.
were like men Hence they placed masks upon them qujnxaiacatiaia
:
.
]
yn
And this the tlamacazque the priests
of
the Tlalocs did auh ynjn iehoantin qujchioaia tlamacazque
in
,
,
.
jntlamacazcaoan tlaloque
.
the
Auh
yn
And
when they made these jquac oqujnchiuhque maceoalti
in
iehoantin
in
common men those who
ie
,
,
, :
,
ate
yn
had made vows laid offerings before them they drank , netoleque ymixpan clamanaia ymjxpan claquaia atlia
,
;
,
and danced
in
their presence mjtotiaia
.
.
up
yn
yn
And when their feast day came they cut and divided Auh jquac oquiz ilhujtl qujnmococotinjaia tepicme
-
,
,
ca :
did
It the
ate
yn
Tepicme and they This your forefathers yoan qujnquaia Ynjn iuh qujchioaia amoculhoã
,
them
,
.
.
was puerile ocunejutl pipillutl
ca
was childish
it
;
,
.
.
Oc
Your forefathers did many other foolish things And mjec tlamantli netlapololtiliztli oqujchiuhtiaque
no
C.
C.
,
, .
yn
yn
your fathers and grandfathers worshipped more gods with- cenca mjequjnti
oc
amoculhoan yoan amo çan
,
:
vel yn
tlapoalti
no
out number one may well record and many who oqujnmoteutique
in
whom teteu amotahoan
in
in
,
,
,
will
vel
be
never numbered amoculhoan aiac qujcujloz yoan anoiac

in
in
.
:
qujnpoaz ynjc cenca mjequjnti
,
.
*
*
*
*
Let him who understandeth read this well Ma qujcaquj qujpoaz
hi
in
uel
,
.
.
Whosoever thou art who readest the words set forth tlacpac omjto
In
ac
tehoatl ticpoaz tlatolli

in
in
in
in
,
,
,
yn
above which have been written look thou well omjcujlo cencatle ticmati
,
,
,
:
.
vel
yn
ca
Understand well for my command made the pres- xicmati monahoatil muchiuhtica jspantzinco
in
,
,
is
,
of
ence God that thou shalt tell thou knowest any injc titlatoz intla ticmati intla aca quichiuhtinemj
if
dios
in
if
,
,
,
yn
practise anywhere practised anoço canapa muchiva omjto tlateutoqujliztli

or
that which said

. if
is
is
:
be
idolatry
to
the
yn
Then shalt thou place njman tiqujspantiliz jiusticia yglesia

in
what thou knowest before sancta
in
,
,
[
]
of the
the
Holy
yn
justice priests teupisque anoço yiusticia topileque

of
audientia real
: in
in
or
Church before else

,
;
;
[
:
the
the Royal Audiencia

vel oc
the justice before alguaciles cenca iehoantin padreme amo can neiolmelaoalizpan
in
,
,
;
[
]
the
the
padres not only neteilhujlizpan

or
better before confessional

in
;
[
but verily
in
court
.
And thou shalt tell this speedily thou shalt not delay Auh ynjn iciuhca tiqujtoz amo ticvecaoaz amono
;
,
:
neither shalt thou have fear timomauhtiz

:
.
the
vel
yn
yn
Thou shalt place before priest whatsoever thou hast tiqujspantiliz teupisquj juh otiqujttac juh
in
seen and whatsoever thou hast heard oticcac

.
qujmati intla oqujttaque

In
Whosoever know witness the worship

lay of
they
or
tlateuto
in
idols aqujque yntla

if
,
,
,
tell
the
yn
yn
they wish not qujliztli amo qujtoznequj

of
amo qujspantiliznequj
to
to
wish not
if
before
in
it
it,
:
on
...
132. Corresponding Spanish text interesting because date establishes the time when Sahagún must have worked the Appendix
to
is
...
a
un
de
de
no
Book esto aun cesado que este año pasado 1569 yendo ynos religiosos sobre sierra toluca hallaron sacri
la
y
,
"
... ...
,
,
I:
.
.
.
de
ficio muy reziente cinco seys dias antes hecho

o
"
,
45
are
are
are
priest, they teupisquj
ca
ca
idolaters they devils they enemies tlateutocanjme diablome yiauoan
in
,
,
;
(
:
of
our Lord God totecujo dios
.
of *
sorrow and pity which the Jzca ichoqujztlatol yn jtlaocullatol
in
Behold the words amatl
in
,
[
oqujtlali qujmotlatlauhtilia
he
on
author setteth paper how crieth out how inic cenca tzatzi
in
,
,
;
]
:
he prayeth for the idolaters dios qujtoa
to
God Thus he
.
]
.
speaketh
.
*
my
my
vel
the fill
Alas heart weepeth exceedingly tears eyes Iioiave cenca chocan noiollo njxaio njxtlan moteteca
,
,
,
;
:
.
My tears fall like iuhqujn teciujtl pixavi njxaio ynjc niqujlnamjquj
in ca
as
hailstones think upon multitude cenca
,
I
lies
the
led
by
people here New Spain were mjec tlamantli iztlacatlatolli ynjc iztlacaviloque
of
which into nican
in
,
error
nueua españa tlaca
.
:
for
amo çan centzonxiujtl amo çan vntzonxiujtl
ca
ca
ca
This has been not only four hundred years not
],
,
for [
,
for
uecauh
ie
only eight hundred years cenca
in
has been much time
.
it
;
the past
, .
vel
Alas my heart my heart iuhqujn tlatla noiollo
as
suffereth much Jioiaue cenca noiollo toneoa
—
the if
is
it
:
vei
yn
injc niqujlnamjctimotlalia
yn
think upon how great
of
burneth when quenjn cenca jtecucu
—
is hatred
I
,
the
the
air
tzitzimjtl
of
of
liliz
in
tzitzimitl
in
demon and Satan satanas
,
he (
vel
So
yn
injc techcuculia
he
on
For easily dlalticpac titlaca yiollocopa

we as
much hateth men earth willeth iehica
,
,
:
.
vel
yn
ynjc qujtemotinemj
he
us
bringeth ixqujch ytlapal qujchioa

of
Adam
to
sons our ruin have been
,
;
yn
yn
humbled and degraded topoliujliz totlanjtlaçaloca totelchioaloca tipilhoã
in
,
,
.
Adan
:
brought injn
he
This pass through
ca
teiztlacaujliztica
to
hath lies delusions teca necaiavaliztica teichta
,
,
,
iuh
yn
and treachery camjctiliztica quichiuhtinemj
,
.
.
think upon Thy command-
yn
Alas Lord God totecujoe jquac niqujtztimotlalia
O
Jioiaue
in
when diose
,
,
I
the
Thy
yn
vuj moteutetlatzontequjlilitzi
ca
upon divine judgments
of
ments sternness much motlatlaliltzin cenca

,
,
,
:
am
do
afraid greatly marvel ninomauhtia cenca njniçavia

,
,
I
I
:
led
yn
all
For the people jsquich cavitl
ca
Lord God totecujoe moca
O
in
this time Satan hath diose
in
ic
,
o
,
,
,
not
New Spain into error Why hast Thou
yn
nueua españa tlaca
of
known caiauhtinê satanas tleica amo

in
in
these
,
,
,
:
.
things tiqujnmocujtitzino
?
?
his
yn
yn
hath spewed over them jiztlac
he
For lies without number

ca
cenca mjiec jtenqualac tlaioalli
in
in
,
,
his error and darkness jmpāc oqujçotlac
.
injn omitzmoiolitlacalujtzino
ca
they reigned mocpactzinco

It
thus that over whom Satan have

ic
onē
is
ic
,
,
offended Thee yn satanas
.
:
all
he
in
hath brought auh cenca otech

in
ill
And timuchinti cemanaoac

to
much fame and shame titlaca
,
on
of
us
men earth aujlqujxti otechpinauhti

am .
cenca
in ,
yn
on
And even greatly moved their account that Auh cenca njqualanj ipampa injc oiuh
ca
nehoatl
I
,
,
Satan hath thus wrought qujchiuh

in
satanas
.
:
for
nimitznotlatlauhtilia totecujoe ma xicmolpili

ic
Wherefore humbly pray Thee our Lord cenca

to
them
, ,
I
:
,
ma
satanas injc aoqujc

be
that Thou mayest cause xicmocaltzacujli cepa iuhquj

oc
imprisoned
to
Satan chained
in
,
,
may nevermore thus act quichioaz

he
that
.
.
no
pray Thee for that Thou shalt Auh ynjc tiqujnmoma

to
And also cenca nimitznotlatlauhtilia

ic
them
,
,
I
,
,
Thy Thy
yn
yn
offer men here New Spain grace great light qujliz njcan tlaca mograciatzin tiqujnmomaqujliz , in
in
,
[
yn ,
not ]
vei
the
surpassing amo machiuhquj

of
of
like which hath because moteutlanetzin catca tlatlaculli

in
been
,
,
]
,
[
sin and darkness

oc
tlaioalli çan cenca tlapanauiz

in
ic
.
46
AA
322
194665
BR1
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
3 9015 06483 4677

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
3 9015 06483 4677

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General history of the things of New Spain : Florentine codex / Bernardino

de Sahagún ; [paleography, translation, introduction and notes

Public Domain in the United States,

We have determined this work to be in the public domain

General History of the Things of New Spain

FRAY BERNARDINO DE SAHAGÚN

BOOK 1 — THE GODS

The School of American Research and The University of Utah

Monographs of The School of American Research

Number 14 , Part II Santa Fe , New Mexico 1950

THE SCHOOL OF AMERICAN RESEARCH

All Rights Reserved

shipped by the natives Omacatl 14

which telleth named

Chapter which telleth god named

Tlaloc the priest

Twentieth Chapter god named

Chapter which telleth named

Sixth Chapter greatest goddesses among the

who were worshipped natives Tlalocs 21

falsely revered gods Ciuacoatl

Seventh Chapter goddess called

Chocome coatl four hundred rabbits 24

Eighth Chapter here named goddess called

Appendix First Book

Mother the Gods Teteu innan who also

named Heart the Earth yiollo and

Our Grandmother Toçi

The Truth God's Word

Ninth Chapter goddess XIII

which one heareth 27

named Tzapotlan tenan

Chapter which telleth goddesses

called Ciuapipiltin Chapter 32

Eleventh Chapter goddess named Chapter XV

Chalchiuhtli ycue who was goddess

lesser ones who were considered very old

Behold sorrow and pity which

author setteth upon paper how crieth out how

Chapter which telleth

Fourteenth god named prayeth the idolators God Thus

Macuilxochitl and Xochipilli speaketh 46

Page from Florentine Codex 20. Napa tecutli

1. Uitzilopochtli 21. Tezcatzoncatl

Illustration from Appendix Chapter

Opochtli 41. Yiacatecutli

Xipe totec 42. Tezcatzoncatl

19. Yiacatecutli Tepicme

Codex this Bernardino wrote accounts columns left and Aztec

famed manuscript Library Florence Italy

School American Research New Mexico and Bandelier Centennial

being published anthropologist recognized

the Aztec little had been translated

One copy remained with and another was deposited

New Mexico Later distribution

was stipulated that these copies were published period

School American Research and Museum

the plans started Sahagún’s immor

New Mexico carried Dr. Hewett translation Aztec text