LESSON 10: Socialization and Sport

INTRODUCTION:

Socialization is commonly regarded in the sense of childhood learning. However, it often takes place whenever a person enters a new social institution or position or feels

it necessary to adapt to a changing cultural, social, or physical environment.

Objectives

The student should be able to:

1. acquire awareness of the process of socialization in sports.

2. identify and appreciate the various social theories in sports.

3. analyze the socialization into and through sports

Pre-test

What does socialization mean?

What do sports teach individuals as agents of socialization?

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Activity

Check the box that you believe has made the most effect on your interest in athletics. Explain why.

family

friends

school

media

The Process of Socialization

Socialization is a lifetime process in which people establish and form their social identity, develop a sense of value, and understand when to engage in social roles and

relationships. Socialization involves rationalizing the standards of others, especially those of parents, coaches, and good friends, and behaving in compliance with those demands,

without even worrying about what is being accomplished.

Socialization is a method of discovering how to accept and conform to the cultural and social constraint of societal norms and responsibilities. It happens as we converse

with each other and acquaint ourselves with the society we live in. The understanding of standards and roles regulate behavior that can be seen as social. Socialization is a process in

which we subtly change or reshape the presumed limits in scripts by analyzing them slightly diversely and by restructuring the norms of behavior. Since socialization includes the

learning of existing cultural blueprints and social writings, individuals don't have to create new values, standards, roles, or relationships every time they encounter an unknown person

or situation. As cultural blueprints and social patterns are mastered, members of society will behave in ways that make sense and are familiar to others. Social order is possible primarily

because individuals usually behave as they are supposed to do and, as a result, at least implicitly agree with societal expectations for jobs, partnerships, or social networks.

The role of transition within sport and exercise

Adult socialization includes discovering various tasks, beliefs, and meanings or self-concept that can be applied to or substituted by existing concepts of identity and self-acquired in

childhood and adolescence (Mortimer& Simmons 1978; Nixon and Frey 1995).

While the athlete or participant's success through sport may seem to grow smoothly and predictably from start to finish, it is marked by various stages and transitions. These transitions

can coincide and in any order in a person's experience of socialization. They are essential to socialization, resocialization, desocialization, and aversive socialization.
Primary socialization

Primary socialization is the system by which individuals first understand the meaning of sport or physical activity. It often happens during adolescence, from their relatives, peer groups,

and sports teams.

Re-socialization - happens as individuals switch from one stage, type or position in the same activity to another–from primary school to high school to college, is when individuals

transfer from one level, form, or role in the same activity to another – from primary school to high school to college.

Desocialization - is the mechanism by which people leave sporting positions on a temporary basis-because they transfer from one place to another, cause injury or cause a person to

stop engaging in a specific sport. Other factors include socio-economic reasoning and bad experience.

Aversive or negative socialization – long-term absence from the sport and physical activity resulting in the potential level of stress and anxiety due to development and adaptation to

various levels of the sport. Calvin Abueva, who had been suspended in the PBA, is an example of this. He had no choice but to socialize the form sport adversely – his situations left him

no choice.

Having been screamed continuously, mocked, or insulted by coaches, parents, or friends, the participants in the sport pursue their identity and pleasure in other sports. Players are

"cooled off" by a policy of downward displacement or relegation to a lower position of sport, such as being assigned to a non-contending team.

Theories of Socialization

As we analyze and improve the sport, we use social and cultural theories to guide us. These theories help us to recognize the concerns and problems that need to be addressed. They

allow us to be more educated citizens and improved managers of sport as we adapt what we have learned in our planning, organization, implementation, and control of the sport.

1.
Functional Theory – Consider how sport leads to harmony and social change in organizations, cultures, and societies. Sport is being examined in terms of its importance to

the community and how it helps cultures, communities, associations, and organizations work efficiently, as well as how it encourages individuals to contribute to the social structure in

which they participate. Sport is seen as a source of inspiration for individuals and communities.

2.
The conflict theory - People utilizing conflict theory describe society as an ever-changing set of relationships that occur because of various economic interests. In other

words, society is essentially formed and built around money, wealth, and power. Men that possess economic influence use the ability to control and abuse others to accept their

understanding of the environment as the right view. This indicates that those who use this idea are thinking with class distinctions. The social order remains because not all citizens

have equal opportunities. Conflict theory sees sport as a way of fostering capitalism in society as a collection of practices and spectacles that reduce the consciousness of economic

equality among those without power while preserving the privilege and role of those who regulate wealth and the economy.

3.
Critical theory- Explanations of society, power, and social relations are the subject of critical theory. It consists of some techniques designed to explain where power comes

from, how it works in social life, and how it changes and evolves as power dynamics (in the political, historical, and economic contexts), perceptions and debates change. Sport is seen

as a social structure.

The critical theory believes that sport is more than a representation of culture, and thus studies the conflicts about the nature and organization of sport and sport as a place of cultural

change. It reflects on how common myths and representations are used to form and give meaning to sport.

4.
The interactionist theory - As per the theory of interaction, culture is formed by social interaction. It investigates sport through the representations that people have

created through social interaction. People use these concepts to make choices in their daily lives, which often control their participation in sport. Interactionist theorists are interested

in studying how individuals perceive sport and how identities are formed by social processes to be, being, and unfitting of an athlete.

5.
The feminist theory - Feminist theory is based on the premise that comprehension of social life demands an understanding of gender and gender relations. This theory has

developed out of general discontent and resentment that intellectual practices base awareness on the beliefs, perceptions, and perspectives of men and neglect or devalue that of

women. Social life is perceived to be uniformly gendered in the patriarchal or male-dominated world. Sport, in turn, is seen as a series of gendered behaviors focused on masculine
ideals and experiences. The generally accepted stereotypes and the promotion of powerful, violent, and tough male athletes exclude women who are supposed to be feminine and look

glamorous in sports such as tennis and gymnastics or play loving and nurturing roles. Feminists are interested in studying how sport reproduces sexism by physicality, sexuality, and

body, how women are (mis)represented in sports media coverage, and how women can use tactics to combat or question patriarchal gender ideology.

6.
The figurative theory - It is a theory in which individual entities – the changing structures of interdependent human beings –are a subject of inquiry. Figurative theory, also

known as system sociology, suggests that social life includes of networks of interdependent individuals in formations or 'figures' overtime For example, many sports fans have led to the

social trend of amateurism; in the same way, professional sports figures have led to the sociological trend of professionalism in sport. These social relationships are shifting and

evolving, which gives particular importance to the social environments that are created and remembered by them. Transformations and adjustments within the images arise as a result

of shifts in power dynamics within the economic, political, and emotional aspects of social life. Sport is seen as relevant as it is seen as a series of 'collective activities' that offer people a

sort of enjoyable excitement in highly controlled modern societies. Those who use figurative theory are concerned with how social icons develop and evolve, how modern sport has

grown and become relevant in many cultures, and the dynamics of global and local sport. Those who use figurative theory are associated with how social icons develop and evolve, how

modern sport has grown and become relevant in many cultures, and the dynamics of global sport and local, national identities. Those who use figurative theory are associated with how

social icons develop and evolve, how modern sport has grown and become relevant in many cultures, and the dynamics of global sport and local, national identities.

As we engage in studying and changing sport, we use social and cultural theories to assist us. These theories help us to identify issues and problems

to study. They enable us to be more informed citizens and, in turn, better sport managers as we apply what we have learnt in our planning, organizing, implementation and control of

sport. As we engage in studying and changing sport, we use social and cultural theories to assist us. These theories help us to identify issues and problems to study. They enable us to be

more informed citizens and, in turn, better sport managers as we apply what we have learnt in our planning,

organizing, implementation and control of sport.

Socialization into Sport

Social context and status aspects of social class, gender, age, race, and ethnicity affect significant factors of the socialization of sport, such as the availability of sporting

opportunities, access to sports facilities, and support for participation. Women, for example, typically have fewer recreational opportunities and less physical support than men; lower-

class members and ethnic minorities are less likely than the upper class and whites to engage in exclusive club sports such as skiing and golf.

In general, the family appears as being the most effective socializing agent that affects children's entry into the sport. The effect of parents on socialization in sport is significant for both

boys and girls, mainly if the parent is engaged in or continues to participate in physical activity (Greendorfer and Lewko 1978). The role of the father is more important than that of the

mother in encouraging the participation of sport. Fathers appear to put more demands on their sons than on their daughters to be competitive in sport (Sage 1990). The analysis also

showed that girls were more focused on self-testing and engagement than on results. This indicates that victorious coaches would have a tough time inspiring some of Watson's female

athletes (1975) noticed that boys regarded fathers as peers, while girls perceived mothers and coaches as necessary in their involvement in Australian youth sport.

The first-born does not have the same athletic opportunities as the later-born. Nisbett (1968) found that first-born children were more psychologically dependent on

parents, had little freedom to choose activities, were more susceptible to stress but also less tolerant of pain. He observed that the first-born was quite likely than the later-born to

engage in physically more dangerous and violent activities. Parents can be more protective of their first-born than their later-born and are less likely to promote sports participation.

Socialization through Sport

Socialization in sport is a mechanism that prepares people to engage in sporting positions, partnerships, and networks. Socialization by sport is the impact of participation

in sport on the values, behaviors, personality shaping, skills growth, and abilities of participants. Modern sport is a gendered institution created by men to increase their control over

women. Traditionally, the sport has been a male world in which it was common to define masculinity in terms of competitiveness, power, violence, strength, and ability. The nature of

the sport offered opportunities for boys to join other boys and adult male coaches or officials without having to develop personal or emotionally expressive relationships. In other

words, the boy could interact and associate, but they didn't have to be "relational.”

Analysis

In the current scenario where most people are not capable of getting out and most of them still use their phones, what do you think is the most realistic way so people should still be

involved in physical activity?

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Abstraction

How about you do you

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REFLECTION

Think about this: Sports play both positive and negative roles in social life.