Nutrition in Humans

ABSORPTION
Absorption
The process whereby
digested food
substances are
absorbed into the
body cells.
Absorption
1. Villi that line the walls of the small intestine absorb nutrients.
How is small intestine adapted for absorption?

1. The surface area of small intestine—

the larger the surface area, the
greater the are for absorption of
food substances.
2. The membrane that separates the
food substances from blood
capillaries.
3. Small intestine is long to provide
sufficient time for absorption.
How does absorption take place in the small
intestine?
1. Glucose and amino acids are
absorbed by diffusion into the
blood capillaries of the villi.
2. Glucose and amino acids are aslo
absorbed by the active transport.
3. Glycerol and fatty acids diffuse into
the epithelium.
Absorption
2. The large intestine completes the absorption and compacts
waste.
Absorption
3. Defecation Eliminates Waste From the Body
Nutrition in Humans
Transport and Assimilation of
Absorbed Nutrients
Assimilation
The process whereby
some of the absorbed
food substances are
converted into new
protoplasm or used to
provides energy.
How are glucose and amino acids transported and
utilized?
1. Glucose is used by all the cells
as source of energy.
2. Excess glucose is returned to
the liver and stored as
glycogen through the help of
insulin.
3. amino acids are converted
into new protoplasm that is
used for growth and repair.
4. Amino acids are also used to
from enzymes and hormones.
5. Excess amino acids are
deaminated.
How are fats transported and utilized?

1. When glucose is sufficient,

fats are used to build
protoplasm.
2. If glucose is short in supply,
fats are broken down to
provide energy.
3. Excess fats are stored is
special tissues called adipose
tissues found in heart or
kidneys that serves as shock
absorbers.