Chuyªn ®Ò : The InfinItive and the gerund

A. The infinitive
1/ sau các động từ :
1- agree 13- intend
2- afford 14- learn
3- arrange 15- manage
4- decide 16- offer
5- demand 17- plan
6- deserve 18- pretend
7- be determined 19- promise
8- expect 20- refuse
9- fail 21- seem
10- happen 22- tend
11- hesitate 23- threaten
12- hope 24- want
Ex: She agreed ___________ ( help ) me with my homework
He is so poor that he can’t afford___________ (buy) a small flat.
2. Sau các động từ sau trong cấu trúc: V + sbd + to V
1. advise 7. Tell
2. ask 8. want
3. beg 9. wish
4. invite 10. urge
5. order 11. get
6. request 12. encourage
Ex: The doctor advised me ___________ (do) morning exercise regularly.
I invited him ___________ (have) dinner with my family that night.
3/ sau tính từ, đặc biệt trong cấu trúc chủ ngữ giả, tân ngữ giả
- It + be + adj (for sb) to V - S + be + too + adj (for sb) to V
Ex: It’s nice ___________ (meet) you Ex: It is too cold ___________ (go) out
It’s difficult for us ___________ (do( this She is too shy ___________ (speak) out
exercise - S + be + adj + enough to V
- S + (find/ found) sth + adj + to V Ex: She is old enough ___________ (drive) a car
Ex: I find it hard ___________ (do) this exercise
We found this book interesting ___________ (read)
4/ sau
1- would like 2. would love
3- would prefer 4. would hate
Ex: I like ___________ (read) books
I’d like ___________ (buy) a kilo of potatoes please.
She loves ___________ (meet) her former friends.
I’d love ___________ (see) her again.
5/ Sau các từ để hỏi (what, where, when, how…)khi chúng ở vị trí giữa câu
Ex : + Do you know how to do this work ?
+ I don't know where to go .
6/ To V dùng để chỉ mục đích:
Ex: He went out ____________ (buy) some bread.
B. BARE INFINITIVE
1. Sau động từ khuyết thiếu: can, may, must …
Ex: We must __________ (leave) soon.
2. Sau: would rather= would sooner, had better
Ex: I’d rather ___________ (play) football than (watch) TV.
You had better __________ (play) sports to have good health.
3. Sau: make, have ở dạng chủ động và sau let:
Ex: My dad lets me __________ (use) his laptop.
The teacher made us __________ (do) the research about the living things in this garden.
My brother is going to have me __________ (wash) his car.
  Nhưng chú ý ở dạng bị động: be made to V và have sth P2
Ex: We are made __________ (do) the research about the living things in this garden
My brother is going to have his car __________ (wash)
4/ sau V tri giác: see, hear, observe, notice,smell, … ở dạng chủ động khi chứng kiến toàn bộ hành động
Ex: + They saw him ___________ (steal) the bike
+ I have heard her _________ (sing) this song several times.
 Nhưng chú ý:
- Sau V tri giác ở dạng bị động mà chứng kiến toàn bộ hành động, dùng to V
Ex: + He was seen ___________ (steal) the bike.
+ She has been heard _________ (sing) this song several times.
- Sau V tri giác mà chứng kiến một phần hành động, dùng V-ing ở cả dạng chủ động và bị động.
Ex: + I saw her __________ (go) to work this morning.
+ She was seen __________ (go) to work this morning.
C – THE GERUND
1/ sau động từ chỉ yêu, thích, ghét: love, like, dislike, hate,detest, enjoy, prefer. (Chú ý: Sau các động từ
này có thể dùng to V mà không thay đổi nghĩa)
Ex: I love __________ (go) to the theatre.
She detests ___________ (work) alone.
2/ Sau động từ chỉ sự bắt đầu, kết thúc: start, begin, finish, cease, quit, continue (Chú ý: Sau các động từ
này có thể dùng to V mà không thay đổi nghĩa)
Ex: He started __________ (do) his homework at 5:00 p.m
I’ve finished ___________ (read) the book you lent me.
3/ Sau go để chỉ các hoạt động vui chơi, giải trí, thể thao
Ex: She went ___________ (ski) last Sunday morning, then she went ___________ (dance) in the afternoon.
4. Sau một số động từ:
1. admit 9. keep
2. appreciate 10. miss
3. avoid 11. mind
4. consider 12. postpone
5. delay 13. practise
6. deny 14. spend
7. forgive 15. suggest
8. imagine 16. feel like
Ex: Can you imagine ___________ (be) famous and ___________ (have) a lot of money?
The boy denied ___________ (steal) the lady’s purse.
5/ Sau giới từ: in, on, at, of, for, with, without, about, from, by, after, before …
Ex: She is interested in ___________ (cook)
We can improve our English by ___________ (speak) it everyday.
6/ Sau các cụm từ
- look forward to - have a good time
- be worth - have trouble/ difficulty/ problems
- It's no use / (no) good - be busy
- there’s no point (in) - be/ get used to
- can’t bear = can't stand - can't help = can’t resist
Ex: I’m used to ___________ (get) up late. I can’t bear ___________ (have) to get up early.
I’m looking forward to ___________ (receive) your letter soon.
7/ Đứng trước một động từ khác để làm chủ ngữ:
Ex: (Smoke) ___________ is harmful to our health.
D. THE INFINITIVE or THE GERUND
a/ remember to verb : ………………………………………………..
Ving : ………………………………………………..
He remembers ___________ (eat) this food.
Remember ___________ (lock) the door.
b/ forget to verb : ……………………………………………..
Ving : …………………………………………….
She forgets ___________ (write) a letter for me last week.
 She often forgets ___________ (close) the window before going out of her room.
c/ stop to verb : …………………………………………..
Ving : …………………………………………..
He stopped ___________ (talk) to a strange girl.
He stopped ___________ (talk) after the teacher had reminded him.
d/ try to verb : …………………………………………….
Ving : ……………………………………………
She tries ___________ (learn) hard.
Remember to try ___________ (wear) clothes before buying them.
e/ need / require / want :
need
S + require + to + Verb infinitive
( person ) want

need V ing
S require +
( thing ) want to be Verb P II
You need ___________ (clean) your room regularly.
Your room needs ___________ (clean) regularly
f/ mean to V
V-ing
Ex: She means ___________ (go) right after finishing her work.
He is determined to get a seat even if it means ___________ (stand) in a queue all night.
g/ regret to V
V-ing
Ex: I regret ___________(tell) you that she has left you.
I regret ___________ (spend) so much money that I don’t have any left to buy food for my son.
h/ like to V (think wise or right)
V-ing (hobby)
Ex: She likes them ___________ (play) in the garden (She thinks they are safe there)
I like ___________ (go) to the dentist twice a year. (I think this wise)
I like ___________ (go) to the cinema at weekends (I enjoy it)
g/ go on to V
Ving
Ex: She went on ________ (talk) about her holiday all evening.
She spoke about her son, then she went on ______ (talk) about her daughter.
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences. (the infinitive and bare infinitive)
1. Though he often made his little sister ____ , today he was made____ by her.
A. cry/ cry B. cry/ to cry C. to cry/ to cry D. to cry/ cry
2. Let him ____ the task himself.
A. do B. doing C. to do D. to be done
3. He had a fireplace____ in the corner of the sitting room.
A. install B. installed C. installing D. to install
4. She bought a nice dress but she had to get the sleeves____
A. shorten B. shortened C. shortening D. be shortened
5. His speech is easy ____
A. to follow it B. to follow C. following D. to be followed
6. English is too hard ____
A. to learn B. to be learned C. learning D. to learning
7. It is necessary____ the books on time.
A. to us to return B. for us to return C. to us returning D. for us returning
8. Would you please____ your car here?
A. do not park B. not to park C. not parking D. not park
9. My little son does nothing but____ outside all day long.
A. to play B. playing C. play D. plays
10. They decided____ the parade.
A. taking part in B. to take part C. take part in D. to take part in
11. "I'd rather____ to the radio than____ this soap opera on TV" - "As for me, I prefer____ TV. You'd
better____ a radio and____ for a walk."
A. to listen/ see/ to watch/ take/ go B. listen/ to see/ to watch/ take/ go
C. listen/ see/ to watch/ take/ go D. listen/ see/ watch/ take/ go
12. You are cold. You'd better____ near the fireplace.
A. sit B. to sit C. sitting D. siting
13. She'd prefer____ rather than____ by train. The plane saves time.
A. to fly/ to go B. fly/ go C. to fly/ go D. A and C are correct
14. I'd rather ____ to the country tomorrow. The weather leaves much to be desired.
A. not to go B. not go C. not going D. to not go
15. You'd better____ an aspirin. You look bad.
A. take B. to take C. taking D. taken
16. He preferred____ a brown suit.
A. put on B. putting on C. puting on D. to put on
17. She prefers____ shoes with high heels.
A. not wear B. not wearing C. not to wear D. to not wear
18. I want to get thinner so I'd rather____ than____ by car.
A. walk/ go B. to walk/ to go C. walk/ to go D. to walk/ go
19. The doctor wanted the patient____
A. to examine B. to be examined C. being examined D. examining
20. There are a lot of people who expect your country____ the same as their own.
A. not to be B. not being C. not be D. be
21. Did you hear the chairman ____ an announcement?
A. to make B. making C. be made D. to be made
22. When I was waiting in the hall, I saw a girl____ with a file in her hand.
A. came out B. to come out C. come out D. be come out
23. Nobody expected the president of the company ____ to the party.
A. coming B. to come C. come D. came
24. I saw him____ round the corner and
A. turn/ disappear B. to turn/ to disappear C. turning/ disappear D. turn/ disappearing
25. She noticed the children ____ behind the tree but pretended to see nothing.
A. hiding B. to hide C. to be hidden D. to be hiding
26. I want his article____ in November.
A. to publish B. to be published C. publishing D. publish
27. He did not expect her____ about it.
A. to be asked B. ask C. asking D. to be asking
28. The rain seems____ . Call the children in. I don't want them____
A. to be/ to be got wet through B. to be starting/ to get wet through
C. to have started/ to have got wet through D. to have been started/ to be getting wet through
29. The English colony, Plymouth, in Massachusetts, is known____ by the Pilgrims who arrived on the
Mayflower in 1620.
A. to be established B. to have established C. to have been establishing D. to have been established
30. Look, they are likely____ to the news. They seem____
A. to be listening/ to be excited B. to listen/ to be excited
C. to have been listening/ to have excited D. to have listened/ to be being excited
31. He is sure ____ a liar. Everybody heard him____ that in so many words.
A. to be/ to say B. be/ say C. to be/ say D. be/ to say
32. When I came in, the discussion seemed____ to an end. They appeared____ patience because they turned
out____ for it.
A. to have been coming/ to have been losing/ be ready B. to be coming/ to be losing/ not to be ready
C. to come/ to lose/ to be ready D. to have come/ to have lost/ not to be being ready
33. Jack, you seem ____ too fast. The speed is already 100 miles. I am afraid. I want you____ the speed till 40
miles.
A. to have driven/ slow down B. to drive/ to slow down
C. to be driving/ to be slowing down D. to be driving/ to slow down
34. Her remark made everybody ____ uncomfortable.
A. feel B. feeling C. to feel D. felt
35. They got the manager____ the contract.
A. sign B. to sign C. signing D. to be signed
36. She was made____ smoking.
A. give up B. given up C. to give up D. gave up
37. They got him____ the car.
A. sell B. sold C. selling D. to sell
38. It's very difficult ____ with him because he got used to ____everything in his own way.
A. to deal/ doing B. to deal/ do C. dealing/ doing D. dealing/ do
39. The teacher was very strict. Nobody dared____ to each other.
A. to speak B. speaking C. spoke D. speak
40. They don't have much money. They can't afford ____ out very often.
A. going B. to go C. go D. went
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D. (After the gerund)
1. Do you mind ____ here?
A. I sit B. my sitting C. my siting D. sitting
2. I can hardly imagine Mike ____ across the Atlantic Ocean all by himself.
A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. sailling
3. I would appreciate____ back this afternoon.
A. you to call B. you call C. you're calling D. your calling
4. No one enjoys____ in public.
A. to be made fun of B. making fun of C. being made fun of D. to make fun of
5. If you keep____ in English, your oral English will improve.
A. to talk B. talking C. talk D. having talked
6. We watched the little girl____ across the street.
A. to walk B. walk C. is walking D. walked
7. I don't feel like____ out for a walk.
A. going B. to go C. go D. to be going
8. Would you mind____ the window?
A. to close B. close C. closing D. to be closing
9. People couldn't help____ the funny man.
A. to laugh at B. laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing on
10. The doctor persuaded the patient ____ in hospital for 3 more days.
A. staying B. to stay C. being stayedD. stay
11. Tell her____ for school again.
A. not late B. not being late C. not to be late D. not be late
12. Mr. Smith encouraged his children____ Chinese.
A. studying B. study C. to study D. to studying
13. It is a busy season. The farmers have the tractors ____ all day long.
A. to run B. runing C. ran D. running
14. My grandfather is used to____ early.
A. get up B. getting up C. have got up D. got up
15. I'm looking forward to____ you.
A. seeing B. see C. to be seeing D. to have seen
16. They can never escape____
A. to be punished B. punishing C. to punish D. being punished
17. He objected to____early.
A. leave B. be left C. leaving D. to be leaving
18. He has given up ____
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. being smoked
19. His mother insisted on ____ college.
A. he to go to B. his going C. he go to D. his going to
20. The bees are busy ____ pollen.
A. gathering B. to gather C. to gathering D. with gather
21. The book is worth ____
A. reading B. being read C. to be read D. to read
22. Having finished____ the reading report, I began to listen to music.
A. to write B. to have written C. writing D. written
23. Don't risk____ alone in the river.
A. to swim B. swimming C. swimming D. swim
24. I'm considering____ your invitation.
A. accepting B. to accept C. accepted D. accept
25. The boy pretended____ an essay, but in fact he wrote nothing.
A. to be writing B. writing C. to be writtenD. to writing
26. I have never expected____ such a strange thing in my life.
A. seeing B. having seen C. to see D. to be seen
27. Please let it ____ clearly. I am not used____ something twice.
A. understand, to saying B. to understand, to say
C. be understood, to saying D. be understood, to say
28. Suddenly she burst out____ with the words, "I'm sick and tired____ soups and porridges for him. I can't go on
____my best years."
A. crying, of making, wasting B. to cry, to make, to waste
C. to cry, of making, wasting D. crying, to make, wasting
29. Do not delay____ him.
A. to answer B. to answering C. answering D. to be answering
30. He prefers____ a walk to____ TV at home.
A. taking/ watching B. take/ Watch C. taking/ to watch D. take/ watch
31. She can't stand____ under such terrible condition.
A. working B. to work C. to be working D. work
32. It is no use ____over spilt milk.
A. crying B. to cry C. to be crying D. cried
33. ESL students from Asia often have great difficulty____ some English sounds.
A. to pronounce B. in pronouncing C. pronouncingD. B and C are correct.
34. She preferred____ rather than give up.
A. die B. dying C. to die D. to be die
35. She didn't succeed in____ economical.
A. to be B. being C. be D. to be being
36. Would you mind____ his telephone number?
A. look up B. to look up C. looking up D. looked up
37. I'm looking forward to____ an appointment with this businessman.
A. make B. making C. be making D. be made
38. It was a lovely day, so I suggested____ to the country.
A. going B. to go C. go D. went
39. Would you mind____ the window? I hate____ in a draught.
A. to close/ sitting B. closing/ sat C. close/ sittingD. closing/ sitting
40. It's worth ____ the things properly.
A. arrange B. arranging C. to arrange D. arranged
41. The professor let Mike____ the room.
A. leave B. to leave C. leaving D. to be left
42. They were made____ in their reports on Thursday.
A. hand B. to hand C. handing D. to handing
43. The teacher got the pupils____ the poem by heart.
A. to learn B. learn C. learning D. learned
44. He took a lot of photos during his holiday and got them____
A. developed B. develop C. to develop D. developing
45. The robber had the teller____ the safe.
A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened
46. The opposition got the government____ prices.
A. to decrease B. decreasing C. decrease D. decreased
47. They were made____ to the police station.
A. to go B. go C. going D. went
48. He got the chairman____ an announcement.
A. make B. to make C. made D. making
49. She made him____ the incident.
A. forget B. forgetting C. to forget D. forgot
50. Do you let your children____ TV till late at night?
A. to watch B. watching C. watch D. watched
51. There is no point in____ about these things.
A. worrying B. worry C. to worry D. worried
52. Do you want me ____ a long-distance call?
A. order B. to order C. ordering D. to be ordering
53. Before____ evidence you must swear ____the truth.
A. giving/ to tell B. give/ to tell C. giving/ tell D. given/ to tell
54. I've seen him____the office early this afternoon. He seemed____ unhappy about something.
A. leave/ to have been B. leaving/ to have been C. left/ to have been D. A and B are correct
55. His____ words made her ____
A. discouraged/ discouraged B. discouraged/ discouraging
C. discouraging/ discouraged D. discouraging/ discouraging
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D.
1. I'd like you____ everything by the time I come back.
A. to arrange B. arrange C. arranging D. arranged
2. I remember____ the post office, but I forgot____ the letter, which is still in my briefcase.
A. to enter/ to post B. entering/ posting C. entering/ to post D. to enter/ posting
3. His speech ____us a great deal.
A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. is interested
4. The school required ____
A. rebuilding B. rebuilt C. to rebuild D. to be rebuilding
5. It is no use ____a car if you don't know how
A. to have/ to drive B. having/ driving C. having/ to drive D. to have/ driving
6. I don't remember____ the TV set. I'd better____ and____ it.
A. to switch off/ go/ check B. switching off/ to go/ check
C. switching off/ going/ check D. switching off/ go/ check
7. Don't you remember____ before?
A. to see him B. saw him C. to have seen him D. seeing him
8. Try____ there as fast as you can.
A. getting B. to get C. got D. get
9. I regret____ you that you are not selected for the interview.
A. to tell B. telling C. tell D. having told
10. This sentence needs____
A. to improve B. improving C. improve D. being improved
11. He never stopped____ until his last minute of life.
A. to work B. to be working C. working D. to have worked
12. He was clever enough____ ____ in this delicate situation.
A. avoiding/ speaking B. to avoid/ to speak C. avoiding/ to speak D. to avoid/ speaking
13. The autumn is wonderful! You got used to ____ in September, so remember____ your bathing suit.
A. swim/ to bring B. swimming/ to bring C. swimming/ bringing D. swimming/ brought
14. "I remember____ that book to you. You wanted ____ a report." - "Oh, I'm so sorry! I'll bring it back
tonight."
A. lending/ to write B. to lend/ to write C. lending/ writing D. to lend/ writing
15. "When would you like____ ?" — "In a few moments." - "Let's ____ till it stops____ otherwise we may get
lost."
A. starting off/ wait/ snowing B. to start off/ wait/ to snow
C. to start off/ waiting/ snowing D. to start off/ wait/ snowing
16. "Do you remember____ her at my birthday party?" — "Yes, certainly. Thank you for the chance of____ such
a beautiful and witty girl."
A. meeting/ meeting B. meeting/ meet C. to meet/ meeting D. to meet/ meet
17. The results are very disappointing, I regret ____ . I allow you ____ the test. But I allow____ on condition
everyone is present.
A. saying/ to rewrite/ rewriting B. to say/ to rewrite/ rewriting
C. to say/ to rewrite/ to rewrite D. to say/ rewriting/ rewriting
18. "You know I meant____ something for supper but the shop was closed." — "OK. It means____ sandwiches
and tea for supper."
A. to buy/ having B. buying/ having C. to buy/ to have D. buying/ to have
19. I didn’t mean _____ rude, it just came out like that.
A. being B. to be C. I was D. to being
20. Customers are not allowed _____ pets into the hotel.
A. bring B. bringing C. to bring D. brought