Nle Review 1

NURSING PRACTICE IFOUNDATION OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE
1. While caring for an 8-year-old child with a broken wrist, the nurse notices red, raisedstreaks on the
child’s back. The child’s father enters the room and the child becomes quiet and distant, leaning away
from the father as he approaches. What is the best nursing action?
A .Chart the child was probably beaten by the father
b .Notify the supervisor to report possible child abuse
c. Disregard suspicions and care for the immediate needs of the child
d. No action is required; there is no actual proof of abuse to the child
Answer:
Rationale:
Any suspected child abuse should be reported to the appropriate agencies.
2. A nurse manager has been notified to obtain a bed for a client. Of the following clients, which one
would the nurse anticipate being able to discharge?
a. A client who had myocardial infarction 2 days ago. His vital signs are: BP150/94 mmHg, pulse 84
beats/min and irregular, respiration 28 breaths/min, minimal chest pain.
b. A client who underwent an abdominal aneurysm resection 3 days ago. His vital signs are BP 130/88
mmHg, pulse 88 beats/min, respiration 22 breaths/min, and oral temperature 101º F. He is beginning
oral intake without problems.
c. A client who has a subdural hematoma. He is lethargic; pulse is 60 beats/min, respiration is 28

breaths/min, temperature is 99º F
d. A client who had abdominal surgery for a bowel obstruction 4 days ago. He has bowel
sounds, is taking fluids orally, has an abdominal Penrose drain, and is continuing to experience
abdominal pain.
Answer:
Rationale:
D represents the most stable client that could be discharged. Clients in A and C are showing signs of
being unstable with their diagnosis. The client in B is stable, but because of the extensiveness of his
surgery and because he had surgery only 3days ago, he is a less likely candidate to move than the client
in option D.
3. Delegation is the process of transferring work to subordinates. A nurse-manager can appropriately

delegate which task?
a. Scheduling staff assignments for the next month
b. Terminating a nursing assistant for insubordination
c. Deciding on salary increases for licensed practical nurses after they completeorientationd. Telling a
staff nurse to initiate disciplinary action aginst one of her peers
Answer
:A
Rationale:
Scheduling may be safely and appropriately delegated. Termination, disciplinary action, and salary

increases shouldn’t be delegated to staff, which doesn’t have the power and the authority to take such
actions
4. The nurse is planning assignments. Which task can be safely delegated to a nursing assistant?
a.Obtain a stool specimen from a client with diarrheab.Assist client with a new colostomy in practicing
his first colostomy irrigationc.Evaluate the voiding pattern for a client who had a urinary retention
catheter removedd.Obtain a dietary history from a client with peptic ulcer disease.
Answer:
A
Rationale:
The assignment in A has the most specific guidelines for performance. Theother procedures require
assessment and judgment and should not be assigned to anursing assistant.
Source:
Illustrated Study Guide for the NCLEX-RN Exam by JoAnn Zerweck, 6
th
edition, page 6145. A staff nurse on a busy pediatric unit is an excellent role model for her colleagues.She
encouragesthem to participate in the unit’s decision-making process and helps them improvetheir clinical
skills.This nurse is functioning effectively in which role?a.Managerb. Autocratc. Leaderd. Authority
Answer:
Rationale
: A leader doesn’t have formal power and authority but influences the successof a unit by being an
excellent role model and by guiding, encouraging, and facilitatingprofessional growth and development.
Source:
NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made Incredibly Easy, 2
nd
edition, 2003,page 7786. A nurse-manager on an oncology unit has been informed that she must
determinewhich nursingcare delivery system is the best for efficient client care, client satisfaction, and
costreduction.Knowing that 2 or 3 registered nurses, 4 licensed practical nurses, and 5 nursingassistants
are
generally on duty on each shift and that the clients can be grouped fairly easily bygeographiclocation and
client care needs, the nurse-manager and her staff appropriately decideto implementwhich nursing care
delivery system?a.Functional nursingc. Team Nursingb.Case managementd. Primary Nursing
Answer
:C
Rationale
: Team nursing is efficient and cost less to implement than primary or casemanagement systems.
Because the staff members know each other well, they canfunction effectively as a team. Although
functional nursing is the most cost effective,care is commonly fragmented and client satisfaction
decreased. Case management andprimary nursing require more registered nurses than are available.
Source:
nd
edition, 2003,page 7797. The charge nurse is planning assignments for the nursing staff. One of the
staff nurses is pregnant.Which client would not be appropriate to assign to this nurse?a.Child with brain
tumor being treated with
radiationb.Infant with respiratory syncytial virus receiving ribavirinc.Toddler who is HIV+ and has an opp
ortunistic respiratory tract infectiond.Child with leukemia who is receiving Oncovin (Vincristine) and
Zyloprim(allopurinol)
Answer
:B
Rationale:
Involves contact with a medication that is teratogenic and is classified asPregnancy Risk category X. The
other clients do not pose a risk to the pregnant nurse.
Source:
th
edition, page 6158. A nurse-manager appropriately behaves as an autocrat in which situation?

a.Planning vacation time for staff b.Directing staff activities if a client has a cardiac arrestc.Evaluating a
new medication administration processd.Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of a client education
video
Answer:
Rationale:
In a crisis situation, the nurse- manager should take command for thebenefit of the client. Planning vaca
tion time and evaluating procedures and clientresources require staff input characteristic of a democratic
or participative manager.
Source:
nd
edition, 2003,page 7819. There are phases in the change process to be considered, the first one should
be:
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a.Refreezingb. Unfreezingc. Changingd. Resisting
Answer:
Rationale:
In the change process the first step is unfreezing followed by moving andrefreezing.
Source:
Guide to Nursing Management and Leadership by Ann Tomey, 6
th
edition,2000, page 27310. Form of communication that travels from staff and lower middle level
managementpersonnel andcontinues up the organizational hierarchy
is:a.Downwardb. Upwardc. Matrixd. Grapevine
Answer:
Rationale:
Upward communication emanates from subordinates and goes upward.
Source:
Nursing Management towards Quality Care by Lydia Venzon, 2
nd
edition, page10211. What is a key component in a quality assurance program?

a.Patient satisfaction questionnaireb.Determination of criteria to meet
standardsc.Case management for continuity of cared.An acuity system for client classification
Answer
:B
Rationale
: In a quality assurance program, there must be standards from which tomeasure progress. Criteria are
established to obtain objective measurement.
Source:
th
edition, page
61512. Which of the following tools can be most helpful in the evaluation of staff performance?
a.Performance assessmentc. Performance auditb.Performance standardd. Performance appraisal
Answer
:D
Rationale:
Performance appraisal is a control process in which employee’sperformance is evaluated against

standards. It is the most valuable tool in controllinghuman resources and productivity.
Source:
Nursing Management towards Quality Care by Lydia Venzon, 2
nd
edition, page12813. A storm has prevented most of the staff members from getting to work on a
busymedical-surgicalunit. One registered nurse, 2 licensed practical nurses, and 3 nursing assistantshave
been able to
work. The nurse-manager must decide which nursing care delivery system shouldbeimplemented for the
best possible client care during this staffing crisis. The nurse-manager directsthe staff to implement
which delivery system?a.Team nursingc. Functional nursingb.Primary nursingd. Case management
Answer
:C
Rationale:
Functional nursing best uses the skills in a timely manner during this crisis.This delivery system requires
the least staff and delegates tasks to those who can bestperform them.
Source:
nd
edition, 2003,page 78014. The nurse-manager of a 20-bed coronary care unit isn’t on duty when a staff
nursemakes aserious medication error. The client, who received an overdose of medication,nearly dies.
Whichstatement accurately reflects the accountability of the nurse-manager?a.The nursing supervisor on
duty will call the nurse-manager at home andapprise her of the problemb.Because the nurse-manager is
off duty, she isn’t accountable for incidentsthat occur in her absence. Therefore, the nurse manager
won’t be notifiedc.The nurse-
manager will be informed of the incident when returning to work onMonday because the nurse-
manager was officially off duty when the incident took placed.Although the nurse-manager is off duty,
the nursing supervisor believes thatthe manager has no responsibility for what happened during the
manager’s absence
Answer:
Rationale:
The nurse-manager is accountable for what happens on the unit 24 hoursper day, 7 days per week. If a
serious problem occurs, the nurse-manager should
benotified as soon as possible. The other choices don’t accurately reflect theaccountability of the nurse-
manager’s position.
Source:
nd
edition, 2003,page 77715. The selection of a nursing care delivery system is critical to the success of a
nursingarea. Whichfactor is essential in the evaluation of a nursing care delivery system?a.Determining
how planned absences, such as vacation time, will be scheduledso that all staff are treated
fairlyb.Identifying who will be responsible for making client care decisionsc.Deciding what type of dress
code will be implementedd.Identifying salary ranges for various types of staff
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Answer:
Rationale:
Determining who has responsibility for making decision regarding client careis an essential element of all
client care delivery systems. Dress code, salary, andscheduling planned staff absences are important to
any organization but aren’t actuallydetermined by nursing care delivery system.
Source:
nd
edition, 2003,page 77916. The nurse –manager in the office of a group of surgeons has received
complaintsfrom dischargedclients about inadequate instructions for performing home care. Knowing
theimportance of good,timely client education, the nurse should take which steps?a.Contact the nurses
who work in the facility and tell them that client educationshould be implemented as soon as the clients
are admitted to either the hospital or theoutpatient surgical center b.Review and revise the way client
education is conducted in the surgeons’officec.Because no
serious damage was done to any of the clients, the nurse-manager can safely ignore their
complaintsd.Work with the surgeons’ and nursing staff in the hospital and outpatientsurgical center to
evaluate current client education practices and revise as needed
Answer:
Rationale
: Client education is the responsibility of all nurses providing care to the client,and the nurse must work
together to establish the best methods. The most
appropriateresponse is to contact the nurse manager, not the nursing staff, at the facility.Evaluating
client education in one setting only doesn’t consider the entire process andthe staff providing it. No
complaint should be ignored; patient education is an importantnursing
responsibility.Source:
nd
edition, 2003,page 78017. When the team approach is utilized in a management situation the
subordinatesshould be awarethat they should receive order from only one person. This principle
is:a.Unity of commandc. Centralizationb.Chain of commandd. Channel of communication
Answer:
Rationale:
Unity of command is represented by the vertical solid line between positionson an organizational chart. It
indicates one person has one boss
Source:
Guide to Nursing Management and Leadership by Ann Tomey, 6
th
edition,2000, page 236
18. Which of the following would the nurse identify as an indication that the
clientunderstands theinformed consent document?a . T h e c l i e n t s t a t e s t h a t t h e
physician has explained the procedure to
himb . T h e n u r s e f i n d s t h e i n f o r m e d c o n s e n t f o r m
a l r e a d y s i g n e d c . T h e c l i e n t c a n g i v e r e t u r n v e
r b a l e x p l a n a t i o n o f t h e i n f o r m e d c o n s e n t docum
entd . T h e c l i e n t s t a t e s
t h a t h i s w i f e r e a d i t a n d s a i d i t w a s o k a y
Answer:
C
Rationale:
T h e c l i e n t n e e d s t o p s h o w a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e i n f o r m e d c o n s e n t docum
ent by giving an explanation in his own words
Source:
th
edition, page 61519. The nurse enters data on a chart and discovers she has written on the wrong chart.How is
thiserror best corrected?
a . W h i t e o u t t h e w r o n g i n f o r m a t i o n a n d w r i t e o v
e r i t b . R e c o p y t h e p a g e w i t h e r r o r s o c h a r t w i l l
b e n e a t c. D r a w a s t r a i g h t l i n e t h r o u g h t h e e r r o r ,
i n i t i a l a n d d a t e d . O b l i t e r a t e t h e e r r o r s o i t w i l l
n o t b e c o n f u s i n g
Answer:
C
Rationale:
Errors in charting should never be obliterated, recopied, or covered withcorrection fluid. When the erroneous
information is not legible, it raises questions as towhat the person was trying to cover up.
Source:
Illustrated Study Guide for the NCLEX-RN by JoAnn Zerwekh, 6
th
edition,2006,page
6152 0 . P e r f o r m a n c e i m p r o v e m e n t i s a n i m p o r t a n t c o m p o n e n t o f c o n t i n u o u s
q u a l i t y improvement. Whichaction should an effective nurse- manager take when conducting
performanceevaluations?a . C o n d u c t p e r f o r m a n c e e v a l u a t i o n i n a
g r o u p s e t t i n g s o i n p u t f r o m p e e r s a n d subordinates isconsidered when
evaluating a staff member’s effectiveness.b . P r o v i d e f e e d b a c k o n
strengths as well as areas for improvement
a n d c l a r i f y what the staff member is expected to accomplish before the next performance
evaluationc . D o c u m e n t a r e a s f o r i m p r o v e m e n t i n w r i t i n g .
A r e a s o f s t r e n g t h d o n ’ t n e e d t o bedocumented because these areas are
complementary and don’t describe actionsthe staff member must take to improved . D e l e g a t e
responsibility for conducting performance evaluations
to primary
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nurseswhenever possible to help them grow professionally.
Answer: BRationale:
An effective performance evaluation provides recognition of strengths,identifies areas
for improvement, and clarifies performance expectations.
Performancee v a l u a t i o n s h o u l d b e d o n e i n p r i v a t e , n o t i n f r o n t o f o t h e r s . A l l
c o m p o n e n t s o f a performance evaluation should be documented in writing. Althou
gh input from staff m e m b e r s c a n b e u s e f u l i n p r e p a r i n g p e r f o r m a n c e e
v a l u a t i o n s , d e l e g a t i n g a l l responsibility to others is inappropriate. The
nurse- manager is responsible for theperformance of the staff.
Source:
nd
edition, 2003,page 78421. The correct sequence of steps in the research process is:1 . S e l e c t i o n
and development of the tools/ techniques for collecting
data2 . F o r m u l a t i o n o f h y p o t h e s i s 3.D
etermining the research design or the approach
suitable for
the study4 . F o r m u l a t i o n o f t h e p r o b l e
m a . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 b .
4 , 1 , 2 , 3 c . 4 ,
2 , 3 , 1 d . 1 , 3 ,
4 , 2
Answer: CRationale
: The major steps in the research process listed in chronological order asfollows: Formulation of the problem,
formulation of the hypothesis, determining theresearch design or the approach suitable for the study, selection
and development of the tools/techniques for collecting data.
Source:
Introduc When selecting your study sample. Which of the following activitiesshould you do first?22. When
selecting your study sample. Which of the following activities should you dofirst?
a . s p e c i f y t h e s a m p l i n g f r a m e b . i d
e n t i f y t h e t a r g e t p o p u l a t i o n c . s p e c i f y t
h e c r i t e r i a f o r s e l e c t i o n o f s u b j e c t s d . i d e n t i f
y t h e a v a i l a b l e p o p u l a t i o n
Answer:
B
Rationale
: In selecting study sample the researcher must first identify the targetpopulation. He/she must identify the
common characteristics of the population.
Source:
Understanding Nursing Research by Carol Macnee, 2004, page 103 tion toNursing Research by Lydia Venzon,
2004, page 36-3723. You decided to use convenience sampling. This is an example of
conveniencesampling:a . s e l e c t i o n w i t h c o n s e n t
c . a v a i l a b i l i t y o f s u b j e c t s b . s i
m p l e s e l e c t i o n d . f i r s t c o
m e , f i r s t s e l e c t e d b a s i s

Answer:
C
Rationale:
In convenience sampling data are collected from anyone most convenientlyavailable such as people on a street.
Source:
Introduction to Nursing Research by Lydia Venzon, 2004, page 5324. You decided to use Prospective
Longitudinal Sampling. Which of the following is anexample of this?
a . G r o w t h o f n e w b o r n 2 y e a r s a g o t o t h e p r e
s e n t b.Mastectomy patients are studied from operation to 3
years after dischargec. Asking high school st udents
their choices of career after
graduationd . A s k i n g m ot h e r s t h e i r p a s t e x p e r i e n c e s
i n g i v i n g b i r t h
Answer:
B
Rationale:
In longitudinal sampling a given group of subjects are studied for anextended period of time, which can be
retrospective (past) or prospective (future)
Source:
Introduction to Nursing Research by Lydia Venzon, 2004, page 5425. A type of sampling that starts with one
participant or member of the population anduses thatmember’s contacts to identify other potential participants for
the study
is:a . c l u s t e r s a m p l i n g c . s n o w b
a l l s a m p l i n g b . c o n v e n i e n c e s a m p l i n
g d . p u r p o s i v e s a m p l i n g
Answer:
C
Rationale:
Snowball sampling involves subjects suggesting or referring other subjectswho meet the researcher’s eligibility
criteria.
Source:
Introduction to Nursing Research by Lydia Venzon, 2004, page 5326. A patient refuses to take his antibiotics
because he believes that it’s not giving himany good. Which of the following actions of the nurse is
MOST appropriate?a . E x p l a i n s t o t h e p a t i e n t t h a t h e n e e d s
t h e m e d i c a t i o n s f o r h i s r e c o v e r y a n d clarify anymisconceptionsb . W r i t e s
in the chart that the patient refuses to take
his medicationc . R e f e r
t o t h e a t t e n d i n g p h y s i c i a n a b o u t
h i s r e f u s a l d . A s k t h e p a t i e n t t o s i g n t h e w a i v e r o f
r e s p o n s i b i l i t y
Answer:
Rationale:
The nurse must explain all the appropriate measures that have to be done tothe patient. If after the explanation,
he still refuses to sign the consent form he shouldbe made to fill out the release form to protect the
hospital/personnel from any liabilitythat may result from his refusal.
Source:
Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 9
th
edition, 2003, p.135
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27. When conflict arises regarding management of patient care, which of the followingshould beupheld?
e r s
. P h
c
y
.
s
P
i
a
c
t
i a
i e n
n
t
’
’ s
s
r i
o r d
g h t s b . P r e f e r e n c e o f t h e
f a m i l y d . I n s t i t u t i o n a l P o
l i c y
Answer:
Rationale:
when conflict arises regarding management of patient care, the patients’right are upheld.
Source:
th
edition, 2003,page 8328. The most common major risk to safety of unconscious patient in the hospital
is:a . c a r b o n d i o x i d e p o i s o n i n g
c . f a l l s b . a n y p o i s o n i
n g d . i n s e c t b i t e s
Answer:
Rationale:
The most common risk for unconscious patients is falls. For the protection of patient, padded siderails are
provided and raised at all times.
Source:
Brunner and Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10
th
edition,2004, page 185429. Devolution of the Health department of care is implemented in order
to:a . b r i n g s e r v i c e s n e a r t o t h e p e o p l e c . b
e c o m e s e l f r e l i a n t b . e m p o w e r l o c a l p o l i
t i c i a n d . s t o p f u n d i n g f o r n a t i o n a l f u n d
s
Answer:
Rationale:
Local Government Code transfers responsibility for delivery of basicservices and facilities of the national
government to local government units to bringservices near to the people.
Source:
th
edition, 2003,page 11930. Which of the following is your vital role in cancer care?
a . a r r a n g e f o r s p i r i t u a l c o n s u l t a t i o n c . m a i n
t a i n d i g n i t y o f p a t i e n t b . a l l o w p a t i
e n t t o g e t a n g r y d . c o n t r o l
s h a m e a n d g u i l t
Answer
:C
Rationale:
The primary responsibility of the nurse to the patient is to give him/her thekind of care his/her needs regardless of
his/her status.
Source:
th
edition, 2003,page 8631. If the died without a will, the succession is
called:a . h o l o g r a p h i c w i
l l b . t e s t a t e c . h e
i r d . i n t e s t a t e
Answer:
Rationale:
a person who dies leaving a will is said to have died testate, while one whodies without a will is said to have died
intestate.
Source:
th
edition, 2005,page 19032. This is treated as the most important attribute of a true Professional Nursea.
competence and independent approachb. professional accountabilityc. self autonomyd. responsibility
Answer
:A
Rationale:
Nurses must acquire and develop the necessary competence.
Source:
th
edition, 2003,page 8233. The board may allow licensed nurses from foreign countries or state to practicenursing
in the Philippines through special and temporary permit if they belong to thefollowing categories
EXCEPT:a . i n t e r n a t i o n a l l y - w e l l s p e c i a l i s t o r o u t s t a n d i n g e x p e r t s
i n a n y b r a n c h o f s p e c i a l t y of nursingb . n u r s e s o n m e d i c a l
mission whose services shall be free in
a p a r t i c u l a r hospital, center or clinicc . e m p l o y e d b y s c h o o l s , c o l l e g e s
o f n u r s i n g a s e x c h a n g e p r o f e s s o r s i n a b r a n c h or specialtyof
nursingd . B a l i k b a y a n n u r s e s w h o w a n t s t o p r a c t i c e n u r s i n g
i n o r d e r t o e a r n c r e d i t s f o r continuingprofessional education
Answer:
Rationale:
A special/temporary permit may be issued by the Board to the followingpersons: Licensed nurses from foreign
countries/states whose service are either for afee or free; Licensed nurses from foreign countries/states on
medical mission whoseservices shall be free in a particular hospital; and Licensed nurses from
foreigncountries/states employed by schools/colleges of nursing as exchange professors in abranch of specialty
or training
Source
: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 9
th
edition, 2003,page 1034. The following are grounds for the suspension and revocation of certificates
of registration/professional license or special/temporary permit; which one is NOT
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included?a . u s e o f f i c t i t i o u s d a t e i n o b t a i n i n g
a p r o f e s s i o n a l
l i c e n s e b . C o m m i s s i o n o f a s e r i o u s n e g l i g
e n c e c . U n p r o f e s s i o n a l o r u n e t h i c a l c o n d u
c t d . N o t a m e m b e r o f t h e a c c r e d i t e d p r o f e s s i o n a l
o r g a n i z a t i o n
Answer:
Rationale:
The Nursing Board of the PRC shall have the power to revoke or suspendthe certificate of registration of a nurse
upon any of the ff. grounds: unprofessional andunethical conduct; gross incompetence or serious ignorance and
the use of fraud,deceit, or false statements in obtaining a certificate of registration
Source:
th
edition, 2003,page 1635. Nursing is considered as rewarding and fulfilling career. Nursing is best describedas a
profession
that;a . c o n c e r n e d w i t h p a t i e n t s b . c o n c
e r n e d w i t h p r o p e r o r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h e w a r d c . a
s s i s t t h e p e o p l e t o w a r d s s e l f c a r e d . h e l
p s t o p r e v e n t d i s e a s e a n d p r o m o t e w e l l n e s s
Answer:
Rationale:
As independent practitioners, nurses are primarily responsible for thepromotion of health and prevention of
illness.
Source:
th
edition, 2003,page 20536. Which of the following are grounds for removal of suspension of the BoardMembers?
1 . U n p r o f e s s i o n a l , i m m o r a l o r d i s h o n o r a b l e
c o n d u c t 2 . C o n t i n u e d n e g l e c t o f d u t y
3.Commission or toleration of irregularities in the licensure
examination4 . G r o s s i n c o m p e t e n c e o r s e r i o u s i g
n o r a n c e a . 1 , 2 , 4 b . 2 , 3
, 4 c . 1 , 3 , 4 d . 1 ,
2 , 3
Answer:
Rationale:
The President may remove or suspend any member of the Board after having been given the opportunity to
defend himself/herself in a proper administrativeinvestigation, on the following grounds: continued neglect of duty
or incompetence;commission or toleration of irregularities in the licensure examination andunprofessional,
immoral or dishonorable conduct.
Source:
th
edition, 2003,page 23-2437. The Board has the mandate to determine whether an applicant for the licensure
examination isqualified to take the said examination. Who among the following is NOT qualifiedunder

theprovision of the law?a . N u r s e w h o f i n i s h e d B S N t h e n p r o c e e d e d
to pursue a medical degreeb.Medical degree graduate
who pursued nursing course for one
year.c.Midwife graduate who took up nursing following
the AHSE programd . B S N g r a d u a t e o f a l a d d e r i z e
d B S N c u r r i c u l u m
Answer
:B
Rationale:
In order to be admitted to the examination for nurses an applicant must be aholder of a Bachelor’s Degree in
Nursing from a college or university that complies withthe standards of nursing education duly recognized by the
proper government agency.
Source:
th
edition, 2003,page 1138. Which TWO of the following courses of action would an examinee that got a
generalaverage of 76.8% but a rating of 59% in Curative-A need a take?
1 R e p e a t t h e w h o l e e x a m i n a t i o n a l l o v e r a
g a i n 2 T a k e o n l y t h e s u b j e c t w h e r e s h e g o t a r a
t i n g b e l o w 6 0 % 3 E n r o l l i n a r e f r e s h e r c o u r s e i n t h
e s u b j e ct t h at s h e f a i l e d 4 O b t a i n a s c o r e o f 7 5
% i n t h e r e p e a t e d s u b j e c t s a . 1 &
2 b . 2 & 3 c .
1 & 3 d . 2 & 4
Answer:
Rationale:
An examinee who obtains an average rating of 75% or higher but gets arating below 60% in any subject must
take the examination again but only in the subjector subjects where he/she is rated below 60%. In order to pass
the succeedingexamination, an examinee must obtain a rating of at least 75 % in the subject or subjects
repeated.
Source:
th
edition, 2003,page 1339. Which of the following considered quasi-judicial powers of the Board?
a . C o n d u c t l i c e n s u r e e x a m i n a
t i o n b . R e c o g n i z e n u r s i n g s p e c i a l t y
o r g a n i z a t i o n c . C o n d u c t h e a r i n g a n d i n v e s t i
g a t i o n s t o r e s o l v e c o m p l a i n t s a g a i n s t
n u r s e s d . P r o m u l g a t e a C o d e o f E t h
i c s f o r n u r s e s
Answer:
Rationale:
Conducting hearings and investigations to resolve complaints against nursepractitioners for unethical and
unprofessional conduct and violations is a quasi-judicialpower of the Board.
Source:
th
edition, 2003,page 25-26
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40. Some functions of the board are considered to be quasi-legislative. Which of thefollowingfunctions belong to
this category?a . E n s u r e q u a l i t y n u r s i n g e d u c a t i o n
b y e x a m i n i n g p r e s c r i b e d f a c i l i t i e s o f colleges of
nursingb . M o n i t o r a n d e n f o r c e q u a l i t y s t a n d a r d s
o f n u r s i n g e d u c a t i o n
i n t h e Philippinesc . P r e s c r i b e , a d o p t
a n d p r o m u l g a t e g u i d e l i n e s , r e g u l a t i o n s , m e a s u r
e s a n d decisions as maybe necessary for the improvement of the nursing practice.d . I s s u e ,
s u s p e n d a n d r e v o k e c e r t i f i c a t e s o f r e g i s t r a t i o n
f o r t h e p r a c t i c e o f nursing
Answer:
C
Rationale:
Prescribe, adopt, issue and promulgate guidelines, regulations, measuresand decisions as may be necessary for
the improvement of the nursing practice and theadvancement of the profession are considered as quasi-
legislative power of the Board.
Source:
th
edition, 2003,page 2641. Which of the following areas should be represented by the members of the Board?
1 . N u r s i n g e d u c a t i o n
2 . N u r s i n g p r a c t i c e
3 . C o m m u n i t y h e a l t h N u r s i
n g 4 . M a t e r n a l & C h i l d h e
a l t h Nursinga . 1 , 2 , 3 b . 2
, 3 , 4 c . 1 , 3 , 4 d . 1
, 2 , 3 , 4
Answer:
Rationale
: The board created under Section 3, Article III of the said Nursing Act shallbe composed of a Chairperson and 6
members, representing the 3 areas of nursing,namely, nursing education, nursing service, and community health
nursing.
Source:
th
edition, 2005,page 2542. The following are qualifications of the Chairperson of the Board. Which one is
NOTincluded?a . A n a t u r a l b o r n c i t i z e n a n d
r e s i d e n t o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e s b . M e m b e r o f g
o o d s t a n d i n g o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e N u r s e s A s
s . c . B e a r e g i s t e r e d n u r s e a n d h o l d e r o f
a M a s t e r ’ s d e g r e e i n H o s p i t a l Administrationd . H a v e
a t l e a s t t e n y e a r s o f c o n t i n u o u s p r a c t i c e o f
t h e p r o f e s s i o n p r i o r t o appointment
Answer:
Rationale
: The chairperson shall be a holder of a Master’s degree in Nursing.
Source:
th
edition, 2003,page 2243. Some patients have different health beliefs and practices, and Nesty is aware howthese
can be considered in the plan of care she and her team will prepare for thepatients. Which theory is appropriate
for these groups of patients?
a . T r a n s c u l t u r a l t h e o r y c . H e a l t h S y s t e
m T h e o r y b . A d a p t a t i o n T h e o r y d .
S e l f c a r e T h e o r y
Answer:
Rationale:
Transcultural theory is a humanistic and scientific mode of helping a clientthrough specific cultural caring process
(cultural values, beliefs and practices) toimprove or maintain a health condition.
Source:
Fundamentals of Nursing by Josie Udan, 2
nd
edition, 2004, page 17
Situation:
The Board of Nursing has two vacant positions for members. The PhilippineNurses Association (PNA) has
launched its search for nominees.44. The PNA after having deliberated whom to nominate to PRC must have at
least howmany candidates for the two positions?
a . t w o b . f
o u r c . S i x
d . E i g h t
Answer:
Rationale:
There shall be created a Professional Regulatory Board of Nursing,hereinafter referred to as the Board, to be
composed of a Chairperson and 6 members.They shall be appointed by the President of the Republic of the
Philippines from among2 recommendees per vacancy, of the PRC, hereinafter referred to as the
Commission,chosen and ranked from a list of 3 nominees, per vacancy.
Source:
th
edition, 2003,page 2145. After 2 years in hospital nursing, Nesty decided to change career military nursing.She
knows that the chief nurse in the military hospital is qualified if she has
completed:a . M a s t e r ’ s d e g r e e i n
n u r s i n g b . G e n e r a l S t a f f
C o u r s e c . A t l e a s t 9 u n i t s i n m a n a g e m e
n t a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i o n c o u r s e s a t t h e graduate
leveld . M a s t e r s D e g r e e i n N u r s i n g a n d G e n
e r a l S t a f f C o u r s e
Answer:
Rationale:
Qualification for chief nurse in the military hospital must have MastersDegree in Nursing and General Staff
Course
Source:
th
edition, 2005,page 53
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46. Nesty should be working in collaboration with the members of the health team.Collaboration
means:a . C o o p e r a t i o n
b . U n i t y c . C
o n c e r t e d e f f o r t s o f i n d i v i d u a l s a n d g r o u p s t
o m e e t t h e g o a l d . L o y a l t y t o t h e
h e a l t h t e a m
Answer
:C
Rationale:
Collaboration means a collegial working relationship with another healthcare provider in the provision of patient
care to meet the goal.
Source:
Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process, and Practice by Barbara Kozier,7
th
edition 2004, page 11147. Which of the following pursues continuing professional education in emergency
careorder to becertified as a nurse specialist in critical care. Which of the following agencies aremandated bylaw
to be formulated and develop the comprehensive specialty program?Board of nursing
ccredited Professional
Organization1 . D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a
l t h 2 . S p e c i a l t y O r g a n i z a t
i o n s a . 1 , 2 , 3 b . 1
, 2 , 4 c . 1 , 3 , 4 d
. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Answer:
Rationale:
In the Philippines the implementation of Board of Nursing Resolution No.1903 of 1985 on

CPE accreditation program for nurses became effective by
1998.C o n t i n u i n g e d u c a t i o n p r o g r a m s m a y b e o f f e r e d b y : n a t i o n a l p r o f e s s i o
n a l n u r s i n g association such as PNA, LGN and ANSAP; professional organizations
representingvarious nursing specialties; health agencies with specialties and employing
agencies inthe form of in-service training programs.
Source:
th
edition, 2003,page 158-160
Situation:
Ms. Baluyot is the newly appointed manager of primary hospital in Sta. Fe. As a new Manager, she deems
it appropriate that she gains competence in her professional responsibilities.48. Ms. Baluyot knows that
the fundamental responsibility of a nurse is in fourfold.Which is the mostbasic of these responsibilities?
a . P r o m o t e H e a l t h c . R
e s t o r a t i o n o f H e a l t h
b . P r e v e n t i o n o f I l l n e s
s d . A l l e v i a t i o n o f S u f f
e r i n g
Answer
:A
Rationale:
As independent practitioners, nurses are primarily responsible for thepromotion of health.
Source:
th
edition, 2003,page 20549. Which of the following demonstrates the responsibility towards her profession?1.
Participate in the development and implementation of standards of Nursing practiceinher department.2.Ensures
that the core competencies of her staff are enhanced.3. Participates in the activities of the local chapter of the
PNA and ANSAP4. Lobbies for the implementation of the incentives and benefit system for Nurses
anddependents as stipulated in the
law.a . 1 , 2 , 3 b
. 2 , 3 , 4 c .
3 , 4 d . 1 , 2
, 3 , 4
Answer:
Rationale:
All of these demonstrate the responsibility of a nurse towards her profession. Nurses should assert the
implementation of labor standards and lobby for favorable legislations to improve existing socio economic
conditions of nurses. Nurseshelp to determine and implement desirable standards of nursing practice and
nursingeducation. They must participate actively in the development and growth of the nursingprofession. They
are enjoined to members of the PNA and avail of the prevailingcontinuing education unit privilege.
Source:
th
edition, 2003,page 8550.When Ms. Baluyot is certain that Marie Flor, a new Nurse, is not competent in
takingcare of critically ill patient , she would not be ethical if she:
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Discusses this concern with Marie Flor herself Assigns another Nurse to the patientExplains to Marie Flor
the nature of the condition of the patient and the need for acompetent Nurse to handle the increased demand for
careDiscusses to the other Nurse that Marie Flor is new and lacking in skills for the needs of the patient.
Answer:
Rationale
: Nurses should honor and safeguard the reputation and dignity of themembers of nursing and other professions.
They shall refrain from making unfair and unwarranted comments or criticisms on their competence, conduct,
andprocedure or do anything that will bring discredit to a colleague and to any member of the other professions.
Source:
th
edition, 2003,page 8451. The nurse teaches a client how to prepare for a barium enema. Which
statement bythe clientindicates a correct understanding of the teaching?a . “ I ’ l l c l e a n s e
my bowel with laxatives and enemas
before the test.”b . “ I ’ l l r e c e i v e a m u s c l e r e l a x a n t
d u r i n g t h e t e s t . ” c . “ I ’ l l d r i n k a c o n t r a s t m e d i u m
d u r i n g t h e t e s t . ” d . “ I ’ l l
s t o p e a t i n g r e d m e a t 3 d a y s b e f o r e t h e t e s t . ”
Answer:
Rationale:
Barium sulfate is administered rectally. To ensure that it adheres to the lower portion
of the intestine, the area must be properly cleaned, using laxatives
andenemas. A muscle relaxant isn’t administered during the test. Barium sulfate
isn’tadministered orally (C). The client is put on a liquid diet the night before the procedureand
receives nothing by mouth the morning of the procedure.
Source
: Springhouse Review for NCLEX RN, 5
th
edition, 2002, page

6055 2 . T h e i n f u s i o n s i t e o f y o u r c l i e n t i s e d e m a t o u s a n d r e d d e n e d .
Y o u r c l i e n t i s complaining of painalong the vein. What should you do FIRST?
a . C h e c k t h e I V s o l u t i o n a n d r e f e r i m m e d i a t e
l y b . S t o p i n f u s i o n a n d r e i n s e r t t h e I V i m m e d i a t
e l y c . P l a c e a w a r m c o m p r e s s o v e r t h e I V
s i t e d . S l o w d o w n t h e I V i n f u s i o n
Answer:
Rationale:
If an infiltration is present, stop the infusion and remove the catheter. Restartthe infusion at another site.
Source:
th
edition, 2004, page 139453. The nurse is performing a wound irrigation and dressing change.
Which action, if
taken by thenurse, would be a break in technique?

a . C o n s i s t e n t l y f a c i n g t h e s t e r i l e f i e l d b .
W a s h i n g h a n d s b e f o r e o p e n i n g t h e s t e r i l e
s e t c.Opening the bottle of irrigating solution and
p o u r i n g d i r e c t l y i n t o a c o n t a i n e r on thesterile
fieldd . O p e n i n g t h e s t e r i l e s e t s o t h a t t h e i n i t i a l f l a p
i s o p e n e d a w a y f r o m t h e n u r s e Answer: CR a t i o n a l e : A f t e r o p e n i n g a s
t e r i l e b o t t l e t h e e d g e o f t h e b o t t l e i s c o n s i d e r e d t o b e contaminated. The nurse
should pour a little solution out first to wash away organismson the lip of the opening and then
pour from the same side of the bottle into the sterilecontainer on the sterile field.
Source:
NSNA NCLEX-RN Review by Alice Stein, 4
th
edition, 2000, page12754. To prevent complications of immobility, which activities would the nurse
plan for thefirstpostoperative day after a colon resection?a. Turn, cough, and deep breathe every 30 minutes
around the
clockb . G e t t h e c l i e n t o u t o f b e d a n d a m b u l a t e t o a b e
d s i d e c h a i r c . P r o v i d e p a s s i v e r a n g e o f m o t i o n t
h r e e t i m e s a d a y d . I t i s n o t n e c e s s a r y t o w o r r y
a b o u t c o m p l i c a t i o n s o f i m m o b i l i t y o n t h e
f i r s t postoperativeday.
Answer:
A
Rationale
: To prevent complications of immobility, the nurse should teach the client

tot u r n , c o u g h , a n d d e e p b r e a t h e e v e r y 3 0 m i n u t e s a r o u n d t h e c l o c k
f o r t h e f i r s t postoperative day after a surgery.
Source:
Fundamentals if Nursing by Barbara Kozier, 7
th
edition, 2004, page

10685 5 . T h e n u r s e h a s r e c e i v e d a r e p o r t o n a s s i g n e d c l i e n t s . I n p l a n n i n g t
h e i n i t i a l assessment of eachclient, what approach should be implemented?a . A t h o r o u g h
h i s t or y o f t h e h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n s h o u l d b e r e v i e w e d
f o r t r e n d s i n care,responses to therapy, and currency of medication orders.b . A n
assessment should be done to determine the client’s
c u r r e n t s t a t u s a n d thedevelopment of complications and to determine whether any changes
in nursing careare necessaryc . A c o m p l e t e h e a d - t o -
t o e p h y s i c a l e x a m i n a t i o n s h o u l d b e c o n d u c t e d
w i t h emphasis on
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current health care problemsd . A l l l a b o r a t o r y r e s u l t s f o r t h e p a s t 2 4

h o u r s s h o u l d b e r e v i e w e d t o d e t e r m i n e changesthat have occurred in the
client’s condition and to plan effective nursing care
Answer:
Rationale:
An initial focused assessment should be conducted to determine the client’scurrent status with

regard to his primary health care needs.
Source:
th
edition,2006,page 6145 6 . A c l i e n t r e c e i v e s i n s t r u c t i o n s a b o u t h i g h -
c a l c i u m f o o d s . T h e c l i e n t s h o w s a n understanding of these instructions by selecting which food
as highest in calcium?
a . L i v e r b . Y o
g u r t c . B r a n
m u f f i n d . C a r
r o t s
Answer:
Rationale:
M i l k , m i l k p r o d u c t s , a n d s o m e g r e e n v e g e t a b l e s a r e g o o d s o u r c e s o f calciu
m. The other options are lower in calcium.
Source:
Springhouse Review for NCLEX RN, 5
th
edition, 2002, page 59057. The following are correct nursing actions when taking the radial pulse
EXCEPT:a . p u t t h e p a l m s d o w n w a r d b
. u s e t h e t h u m b t o p a l p a t e t h e a r t e r y c.u
se two to three fingertips to palpate the
pulse at the inner wristd.assess the pulse rate, rhythm
, volume, and bilateral equality
Answer:
Rationale
: A pulse is normally palpated by applying moderate pressure with the threemiddle fingers of the
hand.
Source
: Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process, and Practice by Barbara Kozier,7
th
edition, 2004, page 49858. The nurse is caring for a client who has a temperature of 105º
F (40.5ºC). Thephysician ordersthe application of a cooling blanket. The nurse should
know that which of thefollowing statementsis true about the use of a cooling blanket?a . C o l d
a p p l i c a t i o n w i l l i n c r e a s e t h e m e t a b o l i c
r a t e b . V i t a l s i g n s s h o u l d b e m o n i t o r e d e v e r y
8 h o u r s c . T h e c l i e n t s h o u l d r e m a i n i n o n e p o s i t i o n
t o c o n s e r v e
e n e r g y d.Skin hygiene and protection of body surface a
reas is essential
Answer:
Rationale:
Cold application lowers the metabolic rate and causes vasoconstriction inthe area. Therefore,
assessment of the skin, protection of the skin surfaces with oil, andrepositioning are all
temperature will be monitored continually with a rectal probe and
blood pressure, pulse, and respirations will be monitored frequently.
Source:
th
edition, 2000,
page1265 9 . H o w d o e s t h e s c h o o l h e a l t h n u r s e , w o r k i n g w i t h s e x u a l l y a c t i v e
t e e n a g e r s , incorporate theconcept of secondary prevention into practice?
a.By setting up a birth control
clinic in the school health officeb . B y a t t e n d i n g h e
a l t h c u r r i c u l u m m e e t i n g s t o e n s u r e t h a t c o n
t r a c e p t i v e information isincluded in a unit on
sexualityc . B y t e a c h i n g a g r o u p o f p a r e n t s a b o u t t h e p r o b l e m s o f
adolescent pregnancyd . B y r e f e r r i n g a p r e g n a n t a d o l e s
c e n t f or p r e n a t a l c a r e
Answer:
Rationale:
The nurse knows that secondary prevention efforts are directed towardpromoting early

case findings so that prompt intervention can be instituted.
Source:
th
edition,2006,page 61460. As the nurse assists a client with breathing exercises, the client says, “I
don’t feelany better. Whyshould I bother learning how to do these exercises?” How
should the nurserespond?a . T e l l t h e c l i e n t
t h a t t h e p h y s i c i a n o r d e r e d
t h e e x e r c i s e s b . E n c o u r a g e t h e c l i e n t t o e x p r e s
s f e e l i n g s c . A s k i f t h e c l i e n t w o u l d l i k e t o d o t h e
e x e r c i s e s a t a n o t h e r
t i m e d . I n f o r m t h e p h y s i c i a n o f t h e c l i e n t ’ s s t a t e
m e n t s
Answer
:B
Rationale:
A client who is upset with the
t r e a t m e n t r e g i m e n s h o u l d b e g i v e n t h e opportunity to express feelings. The other options
don’t provide this opportunity.
Source:
Springhouse Review for NCLEX RN, 5
th
edition, 2002, page 58561. The physician orders an upper GI series for a client with GI complaints.
The nurseteaches theclient about the upper GI series.
Which statement indicates that the clientunderstands theinstructions?
a.“I’ll have a special instrument passed through my mouth i
nto my stomach.”b . “ I ’ l l t a k e s e v e r a l t a b l e t s t h e n i g h t
b e f o r e t h e t e s t . ” c . “ I ’ l l d r i n k a c o n t r a s t m e d i u m w h
i l e X - r a y s a r e t a k e n . ” d.“I’ll have a CT scan taken after
I’m injected with a radioactive substance.”
Answer:
Rationale:
In an upper GI series, the client swallows barium and has x-rays of the stomach
taken. A, B, and D don’t apply to an upper GI series. A gastroscope is
passedt h r o u g h t h e m o u t h i n t o t h e s t o m a c h t o o b s e r v e t h e g a s t r i c m u
cosa to perform
gastroscopy. The night before a gallbladder series, a client takes radiopaque tablets. ACT scan
isn’t a component of an upper GI series.
Source
: Springhouse Review for NCLEX RN, 5
th
edition, 2002, page 58262. Which statement by the nurse best indicates a correct understanding
of “log rolling”when movinga client?
a . O n e n u r s e m a y p e r f o r m t h i s t a s k a l o n e b
.Pillows are needed for positioning in order
to provide supportc . T h e l e g s s h o u l d b e m o v e d b e f
o r e t h e h e a d i s m o v e d d.Keeping the neck in a strai
ght position is the primary concern
Answer:
B
Rationale:
A pillow should be placed between the knees/legs for support while theclient is
being turned. It takes two or three nurses to do log rolling. The whole spinal column
should be kept straight and the entire body moved at once.
Source:
th
edition, 2000, page12663. Which of the following statements is TRUE about thoracentesis?
a . N P O i s r e q u i r e d a f t e r t h e p r o c e d u r e b
. T h e p a t i e n t s h o u l d r e m a i n
i m m o b i l e d u r i n g t h e p r o c e d u r e c.The patient should
remain flat on bed for at least 4 hours after
the procedured . T h e p r o c e d u r e i s c o n t r a i n d i c a t e d
f o r C O P D c l i e n t s
Answer: BRationale:
Make sure the patient is firmly supported. Remind the patient not to cough,deep breathe deeply
or move suddenly during the procedure to avoid puncture of thevisceral pleura or lung.
Source:
Nursing Procedures by Springhouse, 3
rd
edition, 2000, page 48664. What is the most effective method for obtaining an accurate
blood pressure readingfrom a client?a . O b t a i n a c u f f t h a t c o v e r s t h e
upper one third of the client’s armb.Position the
cuff approximately 4 inches above the antecubital
spacec.Use a cuff that is wide enough to cover
the upper two thirds of the client’s armd.Identi fy the
Korotkoff sounds, and take a systolic reading at 10 mm
H g a f t e r the firstsound
Answer:
Rationale:
To obtain an accurate reading in an adult, the blood pressure cuff shouldcover the upper two
thirds of the client’s arm; it should be positioned approximately 2inches above the
antecubital space. The systolic reading is obtained with the first of Korotkoff sounds.
Source:
th
edition,2006,page 614
65. The nurse suspects that a client is in severe pain even though he denies it
andrefuses painmedications. The nurse understands that he or she may be dealing with a
personwho:a . U s e s s t o i c i s m a s a p s y c h o l o g i c a l
r e s p o n s e
t o p a i n b . I s a n g r y a n d h o s t i l e c
. G e t s n e e d s m e t b y b e i n g a m a r t y r d .
H a s a p s y c h o l o g i c a l n e e d t o p u n i s h h i m s e l f
Answer:
Rationale:
Stoicism is a common psychological response to pain, particularly in somecultures. The remaining answers are
assumptions that cannot be made with this amountof information.
Source
: Successful test-taking learning strategies for nurses by Marian Sides, 3
rd
edition, 1998, page 34566. The nurse is teaching a client who is scheduled for a
paracentesis. Which of thefollowingstatements, if made by the client to the nurse, indicates
that teaching has beensuccessful?
a . “ I w i l l b e i n s u r g e r y f o r l e s s t h a n o n e h o
u r . ” b . “ I m u s t n o t v o i d p r i o r t o t h e p r o c e d
u r e . ” c . “ t h e p h y s i c i a n w i l l r e m o v e 2 - 3 L o f
f l u i d . ” d . “ I w i l l l i e o n m y b a c k a n d b r e a t h e
s l o w l y . ”
Answer:
Rationale:
Fluid removed slowly to decrease ascites; can remove up to 4-6 L in sever cases
Source:
Kaplan NCLEX-RN, 2003-2004 edition, page

2566 7 . F o r w h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s i g n s s h o u l d t h e n u r s e m o n i t o r t h
e c l i e n t d u r i n g paracentesis?a . H i c c u p s b .
i n c o n t i n e n c e c . f e v e r d .
s y n c o p e
Answer:
Rationale
: During paracentesis observe the client loosely for vertigo, faintness( s y n
cope) diaphoresis, pallor, heightened anxiety, tachycardia, dyspn
e a a n d hypotension.
Source:
Nursing Procedures by Springhouse, 3
rd
edition, 2000, page 577-57868. A nurse checks on a patient awaiting surgery the following morning
and finds her alone quietlyweeping. Which of the following would be the most appropriate initial
response of the nurse?a . L e a v e t h e r o o m q u i e t l y a n d c l o s e
t h e p a t i e n t ’ s d o o r
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b.Apologize for disturbing the patient and return

to the room
later c . S i t w i t h t h e p a t i e n t s i l e n t l y a n d u s e t h e r a p
e u t i c t o u c h d.Ask the patient if there
is a family member the patient would like to be with.
Answer:
Rationale:
Sitting with the patient and using touch therapeutically conveys the
nurse’si n t e r e s t i n a n d c o n c e r n f o r t h e p a t i e n t , w h i c h w i l l h e l p t o r e d
u c e t h e p a t i e n t ’ s preoperative fears and anxieties. A and B convey a message of avoidance of the
patientand offer no support to the patient. D is ineffective because the nurse is not
offeringhimself or herself, but rather a family member to support the patient.
Source:
Successful test-taking learning strategies for nurses by Marian Sides, 3
rd
edition, 1998, page 255-25669. The homecare nurse is performing chest physiotherapy on
an elderly client withchronic airflowlimitations (CAL). Which of the following actions should the nurse take
first?a . P e r f o r m c h e s t p h y s i o t h e r a p y p r i o r t o
m e a l s b . A u s c u l t a t e t h e c h e s t p r i o r t o b e g i n n i n g t h
e p r o c e d u r e c . A d m i n i s t e r
b r o n c h o d i l a t o r s a f t e r t h e p r o c e d u r e d . P e r c u s s
e a c h l o b e p r i o r t o a s k i n g t h e c l i e n t t o c o u g h
Answer:
Rationale:
Identify areas of the lung that require drainage; auscultate chest at the endof procedure to
determine effectiveness.
Source:
Kaplan NCLEX-RN, 2003-2004 edition, page 25670. The nurse is instructing a group of middle-aged
women anticipating mammographyas part of acancer screening program. Which of the following
instructions should the nurseprovide to thegroup members?
a.“You should have nothing to eat or
d r i n k a f t e r m i d n i g h t b e f o r e y o u r s c h e d u l e d mammogram.”b . “ Y o u
should not wear deodorant or talc of the day of your
mammogram.”c . “ A n i n t r a v e n o u s i n f u s i o n w i l l b e
s t a r t e d a t a l o w f l o w r a t e j u s t p r i o r t o
y o u r scheduledmammogram.”d . “ Y o u s h o u l d n o t w e a r a b r a o r
c o n s t r i c t i v e c l o t h i n g f o r s e v e r a l h o u r s f o l l o w i n g your mammogram.”
Answer:
Rationale:
Use of deodorants or talcs interferes with mammographic screening. Norestriction of oral intake is necessary prior
to diagnostic test. Although some womenmay experience minimal breast tenderness following mammography,
there is no needto restrict wearing of undergarments or constrictive clothing posttest. IV fluids areneither indicated
nor used for this diagnostic testing.
Source:
rd
edition, 1998, page

3977 1 . W h i c h o n e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g a c t i o n s b y t h e n u r s e i l l u s t r a t e s t h e p r i n c
i p l e t h a t evaluation is anessential component in the achievement of effective pain relief?
a . A d m i n i s t e r i n g p a i n m e d i c a t i o n t o h e r c l i e n t p r o m
p t l y b . P r a c t i c i n g g u i d e d i m a g e r y w i t h h e r c l i
e n t c . D e t e r m i n i n g t h e q u a n t i t y a n d q u a l i t y o
f p a i n d . R e t u r n i n g t o t h e c l i e n t 2 0 m i n u
t e s a f t e r p a i n m e d i c a t i o n h a s b e e n administer
ed to assess effectiveness
Answer:
Rationale:
T h i s n u r s i n g a c t i o n e v a l u a t e s t h e e f f i c a c y o f t h e p a i n m e d i c a t i o n . T h e remai
ning a
nswers illustrate assessment and intervention strategies.Source
: Successful test-taking learning strategies for nurses by Marian Sides, 3
rd
edition, 1998, page 34572. Which of the following is correct nursing action when collecting urine specimen froma
client withindwelling urethral catheter?a . c o l l e c t u r i n e s p e c i m e n f r o m
t h e u r i n a r y d r a i n a g e b . d e t a c h t h e c a t h e t e r
f r o m t h e c o n n e c t i n g t u b e c.use sterile needle and
syringe to aspirate urine specimen from the
d r a i n a g e portd . f l u s h t h e c a t h e t e r w i t h s t e r i l e N S S b e f o r e
collection of urine specimen
Answer:
Rationale:
Sterile urine specimens can be obtained from closed drainage systems byinserting a sterile needle
attached to a syringe through a drainage port in the tubing.
Source:
th
edition, 2004, page 76973. What is the BEST position of the client who will undergo abdominal palpation?
a . S u p i n e b . d o r s a l
r e c u m b e n t c . g e n u p
e c t o r a l d . trendelenburg
Answer:
A
Rationale:
In assessing the abdomen assist the client to a supine position, with the arms placed
comfortably at the sides.
Source:
th
edition, 2004, page 59474. A nurse is planning to teach a 4-day postoperative patient about care of his incision,in
preparationfor discharge. Which of these assessments of the patient should cause the nurse topostpone the
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teaching session?a . I ’ m a n x i o u s t o g o h o m e t o m y f a m i l y . I ’ m
l o o k i n g f o r w a r d t o a g o o d h o m e - cookedmeal!”b . “ I t ’ s
still a little sore where they did my surgery, but I
manage pretty well.”c.“I’m feeling nauseated now. I
think that antibiotic is making me feel sick to
m y stomach.”d . “ I d i d n ’ t r e a l i z e t h i s i n c i s i o n w o u l d b e s o b i g . D o
you think I’ll have a scar?”
Answer:
Rationale:
This patient has an increased need for communication with a health careprovider by virtue of his
surgical experience. However, the patient’s present
nausea willp r e v e n t h i m f r o m f o c u s i n g c o m p l e t e l y o n t h e i m p o r t a
n t i n f o r m a t i o n b e i n g communicated. The nurse should postpone the interaction with
the patient until he isfeeling more physically able to share in the communication process.
Source:
rd
edition, 1998, page 25475. The nurse would likely restrict protein intake for which of the following patients?
a . A n e l d e r l y p a t i e n t w i t h s t a s i s u l c e r s o n
h e e l s a n d
a n k l e s b . A t e e n a g e p a t i e n t r e c o v e r i n g f r o m a b d o m i n
a l s u r g e r y c . A m i d d l e - a g e d p a t i e n t w i t h a d v a n c e d
c i r r h o s i s o f t h e l i v e r d . A n a d u l t p a t i e n t
h o s p i t a l i z e d f o r e x a c e r b a t i o n o f C O P D
Answer:
Rationale:
P e r s o n s w i t h l i v e r f a i l u r e r e q u i r e r e s t r i c t i o n o f p r o t e i n i n t a k e b e c a u s e nitro
gen by-products of protein metabolism for ammonia, a toxin to the neuromuscular system.
Patients in A and B would require increased protein intake to effect
healing.T h e p a t i e n t i n D w o u l d b e n e f i t f r o m i n c r e a s e d p r o t e i n i n t a k e t o e n h
a n c e g e n e r a l nutritional status.
Source:
rd
edition, 1998, page 367Situation: A research study was undertaken in order to identify and analyze a
disabledboy’s coping reaction to pattern during stress.76. The study which is an in depth study of one boy is
a:a . e v a l u a t i v e s t u d y c . c r o s s -
s e c t i o n a l s t u d y b . c a s e s t
u d y d . l o n g i t u d i n a l
s t u d y
ANSWER:
RATIONALE:
case study- an in-depth research study of a single individual, single unitor a single organization.Cross-sectional- is
a research design that includes the collection of all data at one pointin time.
Longitudinal- is a research design that includes a collection of data over time.
SOURCE:
Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using research in practice byCarol L. Macnee, p396,
399Introduction to nursing research: quest for quality nursing by Lydia M. Venzon, p17177. Which of these does
not happen in a descriptive study?
a . m a n i p u l a t i o n o f v a r i a b l e s b.exploration of
relationships between two or more phenomenac . i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f
a p h e n o m e n o n i n r e a l l i f e c o n t e x t d.exploration of
relationships between two or more phenomena
ANSWER:
A
RATIONALE:
Manipulation of variable does no happen I descriptive study. It is done inexperimental designs and quasi-
experimental designs. A descriptive design functions toportray as accurately as possible some phenomenon in
interest. Descriptive design isused to answer research questions that seek to describe. It describes and
interpretswhat is, and reveals condition and relationship that exist or do not exist, practice thatprevails or do not
prevail, beliefs or point of view or attitudes that are held or not held,procedures that are continuing or otherwise
effects that are being felt or trend that aredeveloping.
SOURCE:
Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using research in practice byCarol L. Macnee, p198Introduction
to nursing research: quest for quality nursing by Lydia M. Venzon, p9478. The investigator also provides the
nursing care of the subject. The investigator isreferred to
asa/an:a . a d v o c a t e c . p a r t
i c i p a n t o b s e r v e r b
. o b s e r v e r r e s e a r c h e r d . c a r e g i
v e r
ANSWER:
RATIONALE:
Caregiver- the caregiver role has traditionally includes those activitiesthat assist the client’s physical and
psychologically while preparing the client’s dignity.The required nursing action may involve full care complete
dependent client, partial carefor partially dependent client and supportive-educative care to assist clients in
attainingthe highest possible level of health and wellness. Caregiver encompasses physical,psychosocial,
developmental, cultural and spiritual levels. Advocate- The overall goal of the client advocate is to
protect the clients’ rights. Anadvocate informs clients about their rights and provides them with information
they needto make informed decision
Observer researcher- stands out in the phenomenon being studied and, as objectivelyas possible, records the
acquired data.Participant observation- the researcher intentionally imbeds himself into theenvironment from
which data will be collected and becomes a participant. From theperspective of the active participation in the
experience and lives of those studied theresearcher records observations, feelings, conversations and
experiences regarding the
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phenomenon of interest.
SOURCE:
Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using research in practice byCarol L. Macnee, p156Introduction
to nursing research: quest for quality nursing by Lydia M. Venzon, p117Fundamentals of nursing: concepts,
process and practice, 7
th
ed., by Kozier, p1079. To ensure the reliability of the study, the investigator’s analysis and
interpretationswere:a . s u b j e c t e d t o a n i n t e r - o b s e r v e r
agreementb.corre lat ed with a list of c opin g
behavior c.scored and compared
standard criteriad.subjected to statistical treatment
ANSWER:
RATIONALE:
reliability of the measure reflects how definite we can be that themeasure will yield the same data consistently if
the actual or real variable stays thesame. When quantitative data are collected using observation, the rate of
agreement, or inter-rater agreement, tells us how consistent the observational measure was. Test-retest reliability
or a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient is a statistics that tells us howconsistently subjects respond to a set of items or
questions. In all three cases, the goalin quantitative research is to use measures that will most consistently
measure thevariables of interest.
SOURCE:
Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using research in practice byCarol L. Macnee, p169Situation: as
a nurse you are expected to initiate or participate in conducting researchstudies to improve nursing practice. You
have to be updated on the latest trends andissues affecting the profession and the best practices arrived at the
profession.80. You are interested to study the effects of meditation and relaxation on the painexperienced
bycancer patients. What type variable is pain?
a . d e p e n d e n t b . i n d e p e n d e n t c . c o r
r e l a t i o n a l d . d e m o g r a p h i c
ANSWER:
A
RATIONALE:
A variable is a quality, property or characteristic of a person or thing to bestudied that can be

quantitatively measured. Choice A is correct answer. A dependentvariable is the variable that is determined by,
that is, depends upon, other variables inthe study or in outcome variable of interest.Choice B, the independent
variables are those variables in the study that are used toexplain or predict the outcome of interest, that is, the
independent variable. Other variable aside from independent, may affect the dependent variable. If not taken
intoaccount, this may confuse the interpretation of the study. This are called confoundingvariables which are
sometimes called extraneous and uncontrolled variables.
SOURCE:
Introduction to Nursing Research: quest for quality nursing by Lydia M.
Venzon, p60Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using research in practice by Carol L.Macnee,
p5881. You would like to compare the support system of the patient with chronic illness tothose withacute illness.
What type of research is this?
a . D e s c r i p t i v e b . e x p e r i m e n
t a l c . c o r r e l a t i o n a l d . q u a s
i - experimental
ANSWER:
RATIONALE:
Choice C, correlational designs function to describe or to identifyinterrelationships among factors of interest.

Because correlational designs describe therelationships, occasionally it is called descriptive correlational design.
Descriptivedesigns function to portray a phenomenon of interest. Descriptive designs are used toanswer
research questions that seek to describe. Experimental design and quasi-experimental research designs
functions to answer questions involving prediction andthe effects of manipulation.
SOURCE:
Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using research in practice byCarol L. Macnee, p198, 20082. In
any research study where individual persons are involved, it is important that anyinformedconsent for the study is
obtained. The following are essential information about theconsent thatyou should disclose to the prospective
subject except:a. assurance of anonymity and confidentialityb. explanation of procedurec. consent to complete
disclosured. description of benefits, risk and discomforts
ANSWER:
RATIONALE:
Right to informed consent- informed consent has two components-recognition of self determination and thorough
comprehension of the proposedparticipation. The freedom to choose that will do the vital part of human being.
The rightto self determination is firmly established in the constitution and in moral beliefs. Everycode of ethics
applicable to research studies states that free consent is prerequisite toany human involvement. All subjects
must have clear, explicit information about every aspect of the researchproject- the procedure to be
followed and the reasons; the exact nature of theparticipant’s role, including time and energy requirements, the
risk and benefitsinvolved; any anticipation or potential loss or dignity or autonomy; any anticipated painor
discomfort; psychological stress or embarrassment; and the way in which the datawill be handled and reported.
Full disclosure is necessary to informed consent.
SOURCE:
Introduction to nursing research: quest for quality nursing by Lydia M.Venzon, p130-132
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Situation
: As a beginner in research, you are aware that sampling is an essentialelement of a research process.83. What
does a sample group represent?
a . c o n t r o l g r o u p b . g e n e
r a l p o p u l a t i o n c . u n i v e r
s e d . s t u d y subjects
ANSWER:
RATIONALE:
a sample is the smaller group, or subset of the group, of interest that isstudied in the research.Control group- is a
group of subjects who do not received an intervention so that thecontrol group can be compared to those who
received the intervention.General population- the entire group of individuals about whom the researcher
isinterested to study.
SOURCE:
Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using research in practice byCarol L. Macnee, p24, 200, 40084.
Random sampling ensures that subjects
have:a . a n e q u a l c h a n c e o f s e c t i o n c . b e e n s e l e c t e
d b a s e d o n s e t c r i t e r i a b. been selected
systematicallyd. characteristic that match other
samples
ANSWER:
A
RATIONALE:
in a random sample, all the members of a population of interest mustidentified and listed and each member of a
population is assigned to a number.Therefore to select a random sample, all the members of the sample frame
must bepart. After deciding how many members of the population will be in the study, theresearcher uses some
device, such as random number table or a computer program toselect who will be in the study. The researchers
arbitrarily pick a number from a randomnumber table, which consist of rows and columns of numbers and then
continuous inany direction of the table to select number. Because all possible numbers arerepresented in the
table, it is by chance alone that the numbers of any particular member of the population be chosen.
SOURCE:
understanding nursing research: reading and using research in practice byCarol L. Macnee, p109-11085. Which
of the following sampling methods allows the use of any group of researchsubjects?
a . c o n v e n i e n c e b . p u r p o s i v e c . s y s t e m a t i c s a m p l i n g d
. r a n d o m s a m p l i n g
ANSWER:
A
RATIONALE:
convenience sample- a sample that includes members of the populationwho can be readily found and
recruited.Purposive sampling- is inclusion in a study of participants who are intentionally selectedbecause they
have certain characteristics that are related to the purpose of the study.Systematic random sampling- is an
approach to selection of individuals for the study
where the members of the population are identified and listed and then members areselected at a fixed interval
from the list.Random sampling- is a sample in which every member of the population had an equalprobability of
being included.
SOURCE:
Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using research in practice byCarol L. Macnee, p395, 401, 402,
40486. You decided to include 5 barangays in your municipality and chose a samplingmethod that wouldget
representative samples from each barangay. What should be the appropriatemethod for youto use in this care?
a . c l u s t e r s a m p l e b . s t r a t i f i e d s a m p l i n g c . s y s t
e m a t i c s a m p l i n g d . random sampling
ANSWER:
A
RATIONALE
: Cluster sampling- a small sample is taken from various sections of thepopulation.Choice B, Stratified sampling-
here, the population is subdivided into areas, sections,and then random samples are taken from each.Choice C,
Systemic sampling- this consist of taking every nth person in school,community or telephone directory.Choice D,
Random sampling- in this method, the selection of the sample is done bychance.
SOURCE
: Introduction to Nursing Research: quest for quality nursing by Lydia M.Venzon, p53
Situation:
You are actively practicing nurse who just finished your graduate studies.You learn the value of research and
would like to utilize the knowledge and skills gainedin the application of research into nursing service. The
following question applies toresearch.87. Which of the following studies is based on quantitative research?a. A
study examining the bereavement process in the spouses of the clients withterminalcancer b. A study examining
client’s feelings before, during and after a bone marrow aspirationc. A study exploring factors influencing weight
control behavior d. A study measuring the effects of sleeping deprivation
ANSWER:
RATIONALE:
Quantitative research progresses through systematic, logical stepsaccording to a specific plan to collect
numerical information, often under conditions of considerable control, that is a nalyz4ed using statistical
procedures. The quantitativeapproach is usually associated with positivism, philosophical doctrine that
emphasizesthe rational and scientific. Quantitative research is often viewed as “hard” science and
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uses deductive reasoning and the measurable attributes of human experiences.
SOURCE:
Fundamentals of Nursing: concepts, process and practice, 7
th
ed., by Kozier,p2788. Which of the following studies is based on qualitative research?a. A study measuring
differences in blood pressure before, during and after aprocedure.b. A study examining client’s reactions to stress
after open heart surgeryc. A study measuring nutrition and weight loss/gain in clients with cancer d. A study
examining oxygen levels after endotreacheal suctioning
ANSWER:
RATIONALE:
The qualitative approach is often associated with naturalistic inquiry,which explores the subjective and complex
experiences of human beings. Qualitativeresearch investigates “the human experiences as it is lived through
careful collectionand analysis of narrative, subjective materials”. Data collection and its analysis
occur concurrently. Using the inductive method, data are analyzed by identifying themes andpatterns to develop
a theory or framework that helps explain the processes under observation.
SOURCE:
Fundamentals of Nursing: concepts, process and practice, 7
th
ed., by Kozoer,p2889. An 85 years old client in a nursing home tells a nurse, “I signed the papers for theresearch
studybecause the doctor was so insistent and I want him to continue taking care of me”.Which clientright is being
violated?a .
r i g h t o f s e l f d e t e r m i n a t i o n c . r i g h t t o p r i v a c
y a n d c o n f i d e n t i a l i t y b . r i g h t t o f u l l
d i s c l o s u r e d . r i g h t n o t t o b e h
a r m e d
ANSWER:
A
RATIONALE:
Right to be protected from harm- an informed consent is important to theresearch plan so that an appropriate
balance exists between potential benefits of theresearch and the risk assumed by the parents of the subjects.
This is called the risk-benefit ratio wherein the risk should outweigh by the benefits. Risk or harm is defined asthe
exposure of the subjects to the possibility of the injury beyond everyday situations.This includes physical,
emotional legal financial and social harm. Minimal risk meansthat the risk of harm anticipated in the proposed
research are not greater than thoseordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine
examinations or test.Sometimes, the subject may experience undue anxiety if the instruments to beused are too
sensitive as to evoke disturbing feelings. Debriefing is the process of disclosing to the subject all information that
was previously withheld. It may even benecessary that provision for referral to counseling be included in the study
protocol.With the concern of the protection of human research subjects, factors thatthreaten bodily harm such as
drug toxicity or those who threaten a subject’s self-

esteem, self worth, values, privacy and religious freedom should be disclosed. Somerisks may lasts beyond the
study or may produce permanent damage, such as the useof drug or devices.
SOURCE:
Introduction to nursing research: quest for quality nursing by Lydia M.Venzon, p13290. “A supposition or system
of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon”best
defines:a . a c o n c e p t c . a
t h e o r y b. a conceptual frameworkd. a paradigm
ANSWER:
RATIONALE:
A theory is an abstract explanation describing how different factors or phenomenon relate. A

concept is a term or idea that has a specific meaning with the context of a generalfield of study; a
notion that substitute for a definition with several words, or anabstraction that categorizes observation based on
commonalities and differences. A paradigm is a kind of model framework for explaining or describing
a theory thatincludes methods, laws, traditions, encompasses a set of philosophical assumptions. A
conceptual framework is an underlying structure for building and testing knowledgethat is made up
of concepts and the relationship among the concept.
SOURCE:
395Introduction to nursing research: quest for quality nursing by Lydia M. Venzon, p172,179
Situation:
A nurse professor assigns a group of students to do data gathering byinterviewing their classmates
as the subject.91. She instructed the interviewers not to tell the interviewees that the data gatheringare for his
ownresearch project for publication. This teacher has violated the student’s right
to:a . D i s c l o s u r e b . n o t b e h a r m e d c . p r i v a
c y d . s e l f d e t e r m i n a t i o n
ANSWER:
A
RATIONALE:
Right to informed consent- informed consent has two components-recognition of self determination and thorough
comprehension of the proposedparticipation. The freedom to choose that will do the vital part of human being.
The rightto self determination is firmly established in the constitution and in moral beliefs. Everycode of ethics
applicable to research studies states that free consent is prerequisite toany human involvement. All subjects
discomfort; psychological stress or embarrassment; and the way in which the data
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will be handled and reported. Full disclosure is necessary to informed consent.
SOURCE:
Introduction to nursing research: quest for quality nursing by Lydia M.Venzon, p130-13292. A nurse preceptor
observes that many clients are being admitted in the ward for thepost operativeinfections. She suggested to the
students that they do a research on this topic. Whatresearchactivity is this?a. sharing research results with
colleaguesb. data collectionc. developing guidelines for patient cared. identifying clinical problem
ANSWER:
RATIONALE:
Once the research topic is selected, the research problem should beformulated as specifically as possible. A
problem should represent an action or change.It may be geared toward practical real-life situations or it may
represent a theoreticalsituation that would expand nursing knowledge.
SOURCE:
Introduction to Nursing: Quest for quality nursing by Lydia Venzon, p40-4193. Quantitative research involves
numerical data. Which of the following is based onquantitativeresearch?a. The effects of regular nurse visits to
client’s bedside on the number of client’s call tothe nurse.b. A study on the effects of the white uniform of hospital
personnel on pediatricspatients.c. A study on benefits of pre-operative health instructions to clients feeling of
anxiety.d. A study on the effects of touch on the client’s of isolation.
ANSWER:
RATIONALE:
Quantitative research progress through systematic, logical stepsaccording to a specific plan to collect numerical
information, often under conditions of considerable control, which is analyzed using statistical procedures. This
quantitativeapproach is frequently associated with positivism or logical positivism, a philosophicaldoctrine that
emphasizes the rational and scientific. Quantitative research is oftenviewed as “hard” science and uses deductive
reasoning and measurable attributes of human experience. Choice B is the correct answer.
SOURCE:
Fundamentals of nursing: concepts, process and practice, 7
th
ed., by Kozier,p25-2694. Before the nurse researcher starts her study, she analyzes how much time,
manymaterials andpeople she will need to complete the research project. This analysis prior tobeginning the
study
iscalled:a . V a l i d i t y c . f e a s i b i l i t y
b.Researchabilityd. reliability
ANSWER: CRATIONALE:
feasibility-
pertains to the availability of time as well as the materials andhuman resources needed to investigate the
research problem or question. Conductingstudies involves the use of space, money, equipment, supplies,
computers, subjects,research assistants and consultants.Validity in research reflects how accurately the
measures yield information about thetrue or real variable being studied. A measure is valid if it measures correctly
andaccurately what is intended to measure.Researchability- means that the problem can be subjected to
scientific investigation.Many significant problems that produce ambiguity and uncertainty in clinical situationsmay
not be amenable to research.Reliability in research means that a measure can be relied on consistently to give
thesame result if the aspects being measured have not changed.
SOURCE:
169Fundamentals of Nursing: concepts, process and practice, 7
th
ed., by Kozier, p2995. Data analysis is to be done and the nurse researcher wants to include measures
of variability.These include the following
except:a . R a n g e b . V a r i a n
c e c . M e a n d . S t a n d
a r d d e v i a t i o n
ANSWER:
RATIONALE:
A measure of variability indicates the degree of dispersion or spread of data. These

includes, range, variance and standard deviation.Range- is the extent or the spread of score from the highest to
the lowest in a variableor value.Variance- is a statistic, that is, a number that can be used to show how much
differenceor variety exists in group of number.Standard deviation- is simply the square root of the variance, so it
reflects the varietyamong all the numbers.Mean is a measure of central tendency. Mean- means the average of
all the values for variables- that is, the sum the sum of all the values divided by the number of valuessummed.
SOURCE:
Understanding Nursing Research: reading and using research in practice byCarol L. Macnee, p61, 63,
66Introduction to nursing research: quest for quality nursing by Lydia M. Venzon, p181Fundamentals of Nursing:
concepts, process and practice, 7
th
ed., by Kozier, p30
Situation:
The use of massage and meditation to help decrease stress and pain havebeen strongly recommended based
on documented testimonial.96. Martha wants to study on the topic “The effects of massage and meditation
onstress and pain.”,
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the type of research that best suits this topic

is:a . b a s i c r e s e a r c h c . q u a n t i t a t i v e r e s e
a r c h b . a p p l i e d r e s e a r c h d . q u a l i t a t i v e
r e s e a r c h
ANSWER:
A
RATIONALE:
Pure or basic research
the search for knowledge includes establishingfundamental theories or relationship among facts, which are not
intended for immediateuse for real life situation. It is useful in advancing scientific knowledge or in
furtheringresearch.Choice B, applied research- this type of research involves seeking new applications
of scientific knowledge in solving a problem, making a decision, developing or evaluating aprogram, procedure or
products.Choice C, quantitative research- because quantitative studies uses numbers torepresent variables of
interest and then, often apply statistical tests to allow inference,we expect to see mostly number in the result of
quantitative results.Choice D, qualitative research- this study’s purpose is to increase our understandingsome
aspects of experiences, so the results of qualitative studies describe what wefound, usually by the gauge used by
participants to support and clarify the meaning of those concept.
SOURCE:
Understanding Nursing Research: Reading and Using Research in Practiceby Carol L. Macnee, p60Introduction
to Nursing Research: quest for quality nursing by Lydia M. Venzon, p6-797. This type of research design that
does not manipulate independent variable is:a . n o n -
e x p e r i m e n t a l d e s i g n c . q u a n t i t a t i v e
d e s i g n b . q u a s i - e x p e r i m e n t a l d e s i g n d .
e x p e r i m e n t a l d e s i g n
ANSWER:
A
RATIONALE:
In a non-experimental research, it is easier to gain the cooperation of thestudy subjects in a non-experimental

research. Study subjects are not exposed tounpleasant, unusual or even burdensome conditions.Choice B,
quasi-experimental design lacks both control group and random assignment.It may not include two groups at all.
Instead it may involve a series of observations,followed by an intervention and another series of observations. In
this case there is amanipulation of the independent variable but no control group.Choice C, quantitative design
also manipulates variables.Choice D experimental design always includes a control group and a
randomassignment to groups. A control group is a group who does not receive an intervention,so that the control
group can be compared to those who do not receive the intervention.This design includes manipulation of
independent variable, random assignment andcontrol group; therefore, it is experimental
98. Martha does review related literature for the purpose of:a. to identify if the problem can be replicated
b. gather data about what is already known or unknown about the problemc. answering the research questiond.
determining statistical treatment of data
ANSWER:
B
RATIONALE:
A literature review is a synthesis of the literature that describes what isknown or has been studied
regarding the particular research question or purpose.
SOURCE:
understanding nursing research: reading and using research in practice byCarol L. Macnee, p22099. The client’s
right to be protected when doing research using human subjects,Martha identifies thisright as follows
except:a . r i g h t t o s e l f d e t e r m i n a t i o n c . r i g h
t t o n o t t o b e h a r m e d b . r i g h t t o c o m p e
n s a t i o n d . r i g h t t o p r i v a c y
ANSWER:
B
RATIONALE:
Protecting human subjects means protecting their legal and moral rights. Attention mustbe given to the rights of
informed consent, the right to refuse or withdrawal fromparticipation, the right to privacy, to confidentiality or
anonymity of data and to protectionfrom harm.1 . R i g h t t o i n f o r m e d c o n s e n t - i n f o r m e d
c o n s e n t h a s t w o c o m p o n e n t s - r e c o g n i t i o n o f self determination and thorough
comprehension of the proposed participation. Thefreedom to choose that will do the vital part of human being.
The right to self determination is firmly established in the constitution and in moral beliefs. Every code of ethics
applicable to research studies states that free consent is prerequisite to anyhuman involvement. All subjects
discomfort; psychological stress or embarrassment; and the way in which the datawill be handled and reported.
Full disclosure is necessary to informed consent.2 . T h e r i g h t t o r e f u s e o r w i t h d r a w f r o m
p a r t i c i p a t i o n - j u s t a s t h e p e r s o n h a s t h e r i g h t to give consent; he has also the right to
refuse. It should be clearly stated that their willbe no recrimination of any of the subject’s refusal. He may have
several reasons towithdraw. The subject may find his involvement tiring or more embarrassing thanexpected. His
conditions may change. He may change his mind after further reflectionor after consulting a friend or relative, or
he may find his continuing participationinconvenient. The nurse should explore the reason for the subject’s refusal
and shouldsupport his right to do so. The possibility of withdrawing however can minimize if, at theonset, the
subject is given a careful and honest explanation of what to be done.3 . R i g h t t o p r i v a c y - t h e r i g h t
t o p r i v a c y i n c l u d e s t h e p r i v a c y o f o n e ’ s t h o u g h t , opinions and physical presence, and
the privacy of one’s records. The right to controlthe extent to which a person shares himself with others includes
the freedom to decide
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the schedule and the general circumstances under which he will share his beliefs andattitudes with one
another.Each subject should be consulted about his willingness toshare his privacy.Arrange a convenient time
and place for the subject and theinvestigator. Data collected from observation without the subject’s consent
or knowledge is clearly violated of the right to privacy.4 . R i g h t t o c o n f i d e n t i a l i t y a n d
a n o n y m i t y - r e s e a r c h s u b j e c t h a s t h e r i g h t t o e x p e c t that the date obtained about them
will be handled in confidentially. Data should beavailable only to research staff and should be reported
anonymously. Remember thatthe subject gave consent for a specific propose only, which means that the data
shouldnot be used for any other reasons. It should not be made in public or available to
others.5 . R i g h t t o b e p r o t e c t e d f r o m h a r m - a n i n f o r m e d
c o n s e n t i s i m p o r t a n t t o t h e research plan so that an appropriate balance exists between potential
benefits of theresearch and the risk assumed by the parents of the subjects. This is called the risk-benefit ratio
wherein the risk should outweigh by the benefits. Risk or harm is defined asthe exposure of the subjects to the
possibility of the injury beyond everyday situations.This includes physical, emotional legal financial and social
harm. Minimal risk meansthat the risk of harm anticipated in the proposed research are not greater than
thoseordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine examinations or test.
SOURCE:
Introduction to nursing research: quest for quality nursing by Lydia M.Venzon, p130-132100. What is considered
the most current priority for nursing research?
a . I m p r o v e m e n t s i n p a t i e n t c a r e a n d o u t c o
m e s b . P r o b l e m s r e l a t i n g t o n u r s e p r o f e s s i o n
a l i d e n t i t y c . C o n t e n t o f n u r s i n g c u
r r i c u l a d . S t a f f i n g a n d s h o r t a g e
p r o b l e m s
Answer
:A
Rationale
: In the nursing profession, research is undertaken to:
•
Provide a scientific basis for the nursing profession
•
Develop and evaluate new technique for delivering patient care that is attuned topatient’s health
needs
•
Develop tools for assessing the effectiveness of nursing interventions
•
Provide solutions to problems concerning health maintenance, health deliveryand health care.
•
Help determine the areas of need relative to nursing practices such as patient-teaching and nurse-
patient relationships.

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NURSING PRACTICE IFOUNDATION OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE

c. Disregard suspicions and care for the immediate needs of the child

d. No action is required; there is no actual proof of abuse to the child

Any suspected child abuse should be reported to the appropriate agencies.

c. A client who has a subdural hematoma. He is lethargic; pulse is 60 beats/min, respiration is 28

3. Delegation is the process of transferring work to subordinates. A nurse-manager can appropriately

a. Scheduling staff assignments for the next month

b. Terminating a nursing assistant for insubordination

Scheduling may be safely and appropriately delegated. Termination, disciplinary action, and salary

NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made Incredibly Easy, 2

NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made Incredibly Easy, 2

Illustrated Study Guide for the NCLEX-RN Exam by JoAnn Zerweck, 6

edition, page 6158. A nurse-manager appropriately behaves as an autocrat in which situation?

NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made Incredibly Easy, 2

Guide to Nursing Management and Leadership by Ann Tomey, 6

Upward communication emanates from subordinates and goes upward.

Nursing Management towards Quality Care by Lydia Venzon, 2

edition, page10211. What is a key component in a quality assurance program?

Illustrated Study Guide for the NCLEX-RN Exam by JoAnn Zerweck, 6

Performance appraisal is a control process in which employee’sperformance is evaluated against

Nursing Management towards Quality Care by Lydia Venzon, 2

NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made Incredibly Easy, 2

NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made Incredibly Easy, 2

NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made Incredibly Easy, 2

NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made Incredibly Easy, 2

Guide to Nursing Management and Leadership by Ann Tomey, 6

edition,2000, page 236

Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 9

edition, 2003, p.135

Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 9

Brunner and Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10

Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 9

Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 9

Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 10

competence and independent approachb. professional accountabilityc. self autonomyd. responsibility

Nurses must acquire and develop the necessary competence.

Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 9

: Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 9

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Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 9

Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 9

examination isqualified to take the said examination. Who among the following is NOT qualifiedunder

Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 9

Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 9

Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 9

edition, 2003,page 25-26

Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 9

Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 10

: The chairperson shall be a holder of a Master’s degree in Nursing.

Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 9

Fundamentals of Nursing by Josie Udan, 2

edition, 2004, page 17

Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 9

Professional Nursing in the Philippines by Lydia Venzon, 10

Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process, and Practice by Barbara Kozier,7

In the Philippines the implementation of Board of Nursing Resolution No.1903 of 1985 on

edition, 2003,page 158-160