Tishk International University

Engineering Faculty
Civil Engineering Department

ESTIMATION AND SPECIFICATIONS

(CE413)

Reinforcement II

Instructor: Twana A. Hussein

Email : twana.ahmad@tiu.edu.iq
 Estimation and Specifications

Staircases
Staircases are provided for connecting successive floors. It is comprised with flights of steps

with inter mediate landings which provides rest to the user and support for the flight. A passage

is provided at the start of staircase then for the vertical rise a flight is provided with rise and

tread.

Going is the horizontal projection of the inclined flight between the first and the last riser. A

flight is generally consist of two landings with going in between of 10 to 12 steps.

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Estimation and Specifications

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 Estimation and Specifications

Components of Staircase

Waist slab: Waist slab refers to a slab of the stair that is inclining from the floor slab to the
landing slab.

Flight: The series of steps between floor and landing.

Landing: The level of floor between flight.

Step: The step consists of Riser and tread.

Tread: The tread is the flat part that you step on.

Riser: The riser is the vertical (up and down) part between each tread in the stairway.

Considering the below plan for finding out the concrete and steel quantities of bar bending
schedule. In the first part we will calculate the concrete, then we will calculate all the steel.

All values in the below plan are adopted.

• Concrete Calculation for Staircase

• Bar Bending Schedule for Staircase

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 Estimation and Specifications

1. Concrete Calculation for Staircase

Section 1: Concrete Calculation for Staircase

• Landing area concrete = L x B x H

• Landing area concrete = 1.2 M. x 2.5 M. x 0.200 M.

• Landing area concrete = 0.6 Cu.m.——–(1)

Section 2: Concrete Calculation for Staircase

• Wasit slab area concrete = L x B x H x N

• Wasit slab area concrete = 3.35 M. x 1.2 m. x 0.200 M. x 2 Nos.

• Wasit slab area concrete = 1.608 Cu.m. ——–(2)

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 Estimation and Specifications

Section 3: Concrete Calculation for Staircase

• Steps area concrete = L x Vloume of trianglar area x N x Q

• Steps area concrete = 1.2 M. x(0.300 M. x 0.200 M x (1/2)) X 15 Qty

• Steps area concrete = 0. 54 Cu.m. ——–(3)

Section 4: Concrete Calculation for Staircase

• Beam area concrete = L x B x H X N

• Beam area concrete = 1.2 M. x 0.5 M. x 0.4 M. x 1 Nos.

• Landing area concrete =0.240 Cu.m.——–(4)

• Total Concrete of Staircase = (1) + (2) + (3) + (4)

• Total Concrete of Staircase = 0.600 Cu.m. + 1.608 Cu.m. + 0. 54 Cu.m. + 0.240 Cu.m.

Total Concrete of Staircase = 2.988 Cu.m.

2. Bar Bending Schedule for Staircase

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 Estimation and Specifications

Steps to calculate the reinforcement required for Doglegged Staircase

1. Find the length of X Bar & Y bar

2. Find the No. of X Bars & Y bars

3. Evaluate the total length of X Bars & Y Bars

4. Find out the total weight of steel required.

From the above figure, staircase consists of two waist slabs 1 & 2. As reinforcement quantities
varies among waist slab 1 & 2. Let us calculate the quantities individually. Remember, the above-
mentioned steps are same for both slabs.

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 Estimation and Specifications

Waist Slab-1:- (Adopt Dia 8mm @100mm)

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Estimation and Specifications

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 Estimation and Specifications

Waist Slab-2: - (Adopt Dia 8mm @100mm)

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Estimation and Specifications

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 Estimation and Specifications

Landing-1:- (Adopt Dia 8mm @100mm)

X bars of Landing-1 are tied with Slab reinforcement. hence, there is no further need of
calculating the steel required for Landing-2. The X bars of Landing-1. are already added and
calculated in Waist slab. Now, calculate the Y bars of landing-1. Concrete cover has been
deducted from the length of Y bar from both sides.

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 Estimation and Specifications

L-Type Bars for Stairs:- (Adopt Dia 6mm bars)

No. of Steps = 20

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 Estimation and Specifications

Abstract of Staircase Reinforcement:-

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 Estimation and Specifications

Waffle Slab Calculation

For a given drawing of waffle, Slab find

1. Volume of Concrete

2. Area of Shuttering

1. Volume of Concrete = Area x Depth

=LxBxD

= 5.30 x 6 x 0.27 = 8.58 m3

Deduction for the Waffle Cone:

L1 = 0.20; B1 = 0.20 L2 = 0.40: B2 = 0.40

Volume of Waffle Cone = L x B x D x no. of Cones

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 Estimation and Specifications

Average Length = (L1 + L2)/2

= (0.20 + 0.40)/2 = 0.30m

Average Breadth = (B1 + B2)/2

= (0.20 + 0.40)/2 = 0.30m

Volume of Waffle Cone = L x B x D x no. of Cones

= 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.20 x 25 = 0.45 m3

Total Volume of Concrete required = 8.58 ‐ 0.45= 8.13 m3

2. Shuttering Area = Bottom area of Slab

=LxB

= 5.30 x 6 = 31.8 m2

Semi‐Round Stair‐Case Calculation

For a given drawing of a Semi‐round Staircase find

1. Volume of Concrete

2. Area of Shuttering

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 Estimation and Specifications

Height of riser = 0.15m

Tread = 0.10m

Radius of waist Slab = 3.50m

Height of Ceiling = Height of Riser x No. of Riser

= 0.15 x 24 = 3.60m

Waist Slab thickness = 0.15m

Width of Waist Slab = 1.30m

no. of Step = 24

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 Estimation and Specifications

A) Solution for staircase:

To find out Semi‐Circle Length the formula = 2 x π x r x 0.50 Therefore,

Radius of waist slab 'r'= 3.50m
= 2 x π x 3.5 x 0.50
= 10.99m (linear length)

Inclined length = √(10.992 + 3.602)

C = 11.56m

1. Waist Slab:
(a) Volume of Concrete for waist slab = Area x thickness
=LxBxD
= 11.56 x 1.30 x 0.15
= 2.254 m3

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 Estimation and Specifications

(b) Shuttering Area for waist slab = L x D x 2 + B x D + L x B

= 11.56 x 0.15 x 2 + 1.30 x 0.15 + 11.56 x 1.30
= 18.691 m2

2. Steps:
Length of step = 1.30m
Width of tread = 0.30m on one side and 0.40m on other side Average width of riser
= (0.30 + 0.40)/2
B = 0.35m
Height of Riser = 0.15m

(a) Volume of Concrete for Step = Area x length of step x no. of steps
= 1/2 x b x h x L x no. of steps
= 0.50 x 0.35 x 0.15 x 1.3 x 24
= 0.819 m3

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 Estimation and Specifications

(b) Shuttering area for Step = (1/2 x B x H x 2 + L x D) x no.s

= (0.50 x 0.35 x 0.15 x 2 + 1.30 x 0.15) x 24
= 5.94 m2

3. Hand‐Rail :
Therefore,
L = 11.56m
B = 0.10m D = 0.80m
no.s = 2

(a) Volume of Concrete for Hand‐Rail = area x depth x no. of Hand rails
= L x B x D x no.s
= 11.56 x 0.10 x x 0.80 x 2
= 1.849 m3

(b) Shuttering area for Hand‐Rail = (L+B) x 2 x D x no.s

= (11.56 + 0.10) x 2 x 0.80 x 2
= 37.312 m2

(i) Total Concrete for stair case = 2.254 + 0.819 + 1.849

= 4.922 m3

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 Estimation and Specifications

(ii) Total Shuttering area for stair‐case = 18.691 + 5.94 + 37.312

= 61.943 m2

Lift-Pit Calculation

1. Volume of Concrete
2. Area of Shuttering

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 Estimation and Specifications

1. Plain Cement Concrete Bed:

L = 2.30m ; B = 2.0m ; T = 0.10m

(a) Volume Of Concrete For P.C.C Bed = Area X Thickness

Of P.C.C Bed
=LxBxD
= 2.30 x 2.0 x 0.10
= 0.46 m3

(b) Shuttering Area For P.C.C Bed = (L+B) x 2 x D

= (2.30 + 2.0) x 2 x 0.10
= 0.86 m2

2. Bottom slab:
L = 2.10m ; B = 1.80m ; T = 0.20m

(a) Volume of Concrete for Bottom slab = area x thickness

of bottom slab
=LxBxD
= 2.10 x 1.80 x 0.20
= 0.756 m3

(b) Shuttering area for Bottom slab = (L+B) x 2 x D

= (2.10 + 1.80) x 2 x 0.20
= 1.56 m2

3. Shear Wall Along Horizontal Plane :

L = 2.10m ; B = 0.20m ; H = 1.20 m

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 Estimation and Specifications

(a) Volume of Concrete for Shear wall = area x depth x no.

of walls
= L x B x D x no.s
= 2.10 x 0.20 x 1.20 x 2
= 1.008 m3

(b) Shuttering area for Shear wall = L x D x 2 x no.s

= 2.10 x 1.20 x 2 x 2
= 10.08 m2

4. Shear Wall Along Vertical Plane:

L = 1.40m ; B = 0.20m ; H = 1.20 m

(a) Volume of Concrete for Shear wal= area x depth x no.

of walls
= L x B x D x no.s
= 1.40 x 0.20 x 1.20 x 2
= 0.672 m3

(b) Shuttering area for Shear wall = L x D x 2 x no.s

= 1.40 x 1.20 x 2 x 2
= 6.72m2

5. Plat‐forms:
L = 0.40m ; B = 0.40m ; H = 0.50 m

(a) Volume of Concrete for Plat‐form = area x depth x no.

of plat‐forms
= L x B x D x no.s
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 Estimation and Specifications

= 0.40 x 0.40 x 0.50 x 2

= 0.16 m3

(b) Shuttering area for Plat‐form = (L + B) x 2 x D x no.s

= (0.40 + 0.40) x 2 0.50 x 2
= 1.60 m2
(i) Total Volume of Concrete for Lift‐Pit = 0.46 + 0.756 +
1.008 + 0.672 + 0.16 = 3.056 m3
(ii) Total Shuttering area for Lift‐Pit = 0.86 + 1.56 + 10.08 +
6.72 + 1.60 = 20.82 m2

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