059-Literature Study

TRANSPORTATION IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE SIZE OF THE
FUNCTIONING OF THE SOCIETY.IT IS ONE OF THE MOST

ESSENTIAL SERBVICES. TO ACHIEVE THE DESIRED MEANS OF TRANSPORT IN TERMINAL
INDIA
TRANSPORTATION BALANCE AND SYSTEM TO BE LARGE – MORE THAN 300 BUSES/HOUR
EFFICIENT, IT IS ESSENTIAL TO PROVIDE ORGANIZED
FACILITIES IN THE SYSTEM, ONE SUCH FACILITY IS BUS
TERMINAL
IT IS ONE OF THE ORGANIZED SYSTEM IN OTHERS BUS
TRANSPORTATION WHICH INVOLVES THE MOVEMENT OF
THE PEOPLE AND GOODS.
MEDIUM – MORE THAN 60, UPTO 300
BUS TERMINAL BUSES
IS THE POINT WHERE A BUS
BUS TERMINUS
ROUTE STARTS OR ENDS
BUS STATION
HIERARCHY
SMALL- LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 60 BUSES
LOCAL BUS TERMINAL
SUB NODAL TERMINAL
NODAL BUS TERMINAL
INTER CITY BUS TERMINAL
INTRA STATE BUS TERMINAL
REQUIREMENTS OF A IDEAL BUS TERMINAL
FUNCTIONS
• INTERCHANGE OF MODE
• FACILITIES AND AMENITIES FOR THE USERS AND
CREW ACCESSIBILITY- EASY ACCESS TO THE USER.
• DOCUMENTATION OF MOVEMENT SAFETY- ASSURING THE SAFETY OF ALL THE USERS AND TRAVELLERS.
• INTEGRATION OF VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF EASY PROCESSING- EASILY ACCESSIBLE TO THE USER( USER-FRIENDLY)
TRANSPORTATION COMFORT AND CONVENIENCES- ALL THE FACILITIES NEED TO BE
COMFORTABLE AND EASILY USABLE BY THE PEOPLE.
USER GROUP
PEOPLE OF ALL AGE GROUPS
MAINTAINCE OF VEHICLES WILL USE BUS TERMINAL. ISTB ?
CATEOGORIES AN INTER STATE
PASSENGERS BUS
TERMINAL STAFF TERMINAL PROVID
BUS STAFF ES BUS SERVICE TO
DESTINATIONS
FLOW OF TRAFFIC, LAYOVER TIME DECIDES THE SIZE LOCATED IN
OF THE BUS TERMINAL OTHER STATES.
STORAGE FOR PASSENGERS
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN V REMARKS NAME : P.LIKHITHA SHEET NO

ROLLNO. : 18031AA059
BUS TERMINAL- LITERATURE STUDY
INTRODUCTION
6TH SEMESTER
C.S.I INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING
145, MCINTYRE ROAD, OPP. ANAND THEATRE, SECUNDERABAD, TELANGANA 500003
01
CHARACTERISTICS OF A TERMINAL IS
EXPLAINED BY THE FOLLOWING MACRO ZONING/CONNECTIVITY
TERMINAL TYPOLOGY INTERSTATE OR LOCAL

SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE
TERMINAL SIZE
FIXED ROUTE BAY ALLOCATION,
TERMINAL OPERATIONS DYNAMIC BAY ALLOCATION
BUS DEPO: FUNCTION:

A depot is a transport system’s operating base. It provides parking •Allocating buses and crews to each duty.
accommodation, servicing and maintenance facilities for vehicles, an •Dispatching buses according to schedule.
administrative function, and facilities for staff. •Processing cash paid in by conductors or drivers.

SPACES REQUIRED
6TH SEMESTER
02
STALLS
10 SQ.M
EATERIES
PER STALL
15% OF
TERMINAL
CAPACITY
BOARDING AND DEPARTURE AREAS SHOULD BE
PROVIDE.
ANNOUNCEMENT
P AREA
THIS AREA DEPENDS ON THE NUMBER OF
BAYS(LAYOVER TIME AND PASSENGER FLOW)
1.5SQ.M PER
PERSON
A 25 SQ.M
S
S RESTRAUNT
E DORMITORY C
WAITING AREA
AREA: 25% OF THE
1 BED FOR 50 O PASSENGERS IN PEAK HOUR
N PEOPLE, 6.31 N AREA: 85% OF PASSENGERS IN PEAK HOUR
2 SQ.M/PERSON
G SQ.M/BUNK C
O
E U
R CLOAK ROOM
R
S
2 SQM PER E
S 100 PEOPLE
A PERSON REQUIRES VENDOR/
P 0.78SQ.M-STANDING
HAWKER
A 1.2 SQ.M-SITTING
QUEING AREA, TURNSTILE AREA, ZONE:
C TICKETING AND
CONVINIENES, SEATING, SPACE 4 SQ.M
FOR CARRYING LUGGAGE, SPACE
E QUEING: FOR WHEELCHAIR MOVEMENTS
FOR
VENDOR
S 22 SQ.M FOR 100 IS ALSO TO BE CONSIDERED IN
NET WAITING AREA
SHOULD
PEOPLE BE
PROVIDED
ENTRANCE LOUNGE
1.5 SQ.M PER PERSON
ENTRY

PRIMARY SPACES AND STANDARDS - CONNECTIVITY
6TH SEMESTER
03
TERMINAL STAFF SPACES CONTROL ROOM
TERMINAL OFFICE:
MANAGER ROOM: 25 SQ.M
INCHARGE ROOM: 15 SQ.M RESTING ROOM CANTEEN
ACCOUNTS OFFICE: 30 SQ.M 2 SQ.M PER PERSON 2 SQ.M PER PERSON
ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE: 30 SQ.M
REVENUE OFFICE: 10 SQ.M PER PERSON
SECURITY AND INFORMATION
TICKETING BOOTH
BUS STAFF SPACES

RESTING ROOM:
RESTING ROOM AREA SHOULD BE TAKEN AS 80% OF THE BUS
STAFF, WHERE 2 SQ.M IS PROVIDED PER PERSON
CANTEEN: CANTEEN
CANTEEN AREA SHOULD BE TAKEN AS 80% OF THE BUS STAFF,
WHERE 2 SQ.M IS PROVIDED PER PERSON
STANDARDS
DORMITORY:
1 BED FOR 10 PEOPLE, 6.31 SQ.M /BUNK
CONTENGENCIES
DRINKING WATER:
1 FIXTURE FOR 100 PEOPLE. 1.1 SQ.M
PER FIXTURE
TOILETS
MALE – 4 WC FOR FIRST 1000 PEOPLE AND 1 FOR EVERY SUBSEQUENT 1000 PERSONS
6 URINALS FOR FIRST 1000 PERSONS AND 1 FOR SUBSEQUENT 1000 PERSONS
FEMALE – 5 WC FOR FIRST 1000 PEOPLE AND 1 FOR EVERY SUBSEQUENT 2000 PERSONS
1 INDIAN STYLED WC SHOULD BE PROVIDED IN EACH TOILET
WASHROOMS SHOULD CONTAIN – 1 INIDAN STYLES WC, DIFFERENTLY ABLED TOILET, DIAPER
CHANGING SECTION.
4 SQ.M PER FIXTURE

PRIMARY SPACES
6TH SEMESTER
04
A ATM: 1.32 SQ.M LIGHTING:
C POST OFFICE: 80 SQ.M LIGHT FIXTURES SHOULD BE ENERGY EFFICIENT, LOW
I POLICE POST: 150 SQ.M
MAINTAINCE, SHOULD PRODUCE MINIMUM GLARE.
A) CONTINUOUS LIGHTING: THESE ARE THE SERIES OF FIXED
L RAILWAY RESERVATION DESK: 60 SQ.M LIGHTS ARRANGED CONTINUOUSLY. THEY CAN BE USED AROUND A
L FREIGHT SERVICES (PARCEL) BUILDING PERIMETER, PEDESTRIAN PATHWAYS, VEHICLE
A ENQUIRY DESK: 5 SQ.M APPROACHES, OR PROPERTY BOUNDARIES.
B) STANDBY LIGHTING: THESE ARE TURNED ON EITHER
R TOURIST INFORMATION DESK: 6 SQ.M
ENQUIRY DESK AUTOMATICALLY (WHEN ACTIVITY IS DETECTED IN THE AREA) OR
Y MANUALLY
POST OFFICE C) MOBILE LIGHTING: THIS LIGHTING TYPE IS MANUALLY
OPERATED AND MOVEABLE.
S
P
A
C
E
S
ATM
SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURE SPACES

SEATING SPACES:
SHALL BE PLANNED TO CATER TO A MINIMUM OF 30% OF ALL WAY FINDING: (SIGNAGE)
PASSENGERS IN THE FACILITY. SEATING IS REQUIRED SO AS TO IT INCLUDES BOTH DYNAMIC AND FIXED
AVOID OBSTRUCTION TO THE FLOW OF PASSENGER TRAFFIC SIGNAGE, PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN
THROUGH THE COMPLEX. REGULATING VEHICULAR AND PEDESTRIAN
MOVEMENT. THEY PROVIDE RELEVANT
LANDSCAPING: INFORMATION, WARNINGS AND DIRECTIONS,
LANDSCAPE SHOULD COMPLEMENT THE SPATIAL DESIGN AND
THUS FACILITATING EASE OF ACCESS,
ENHANCES THE VISUAL APPEAL.
CONVENIENCE AND SAFETY.
BREAKDOWN SERVICES
BUSES REQUIRE MINOR MAINTAINANCE, INCLUDING PROVISIONS
FOR IN-TERMINAL BREAKDOWN SERVICE IN INFRASTRUCTURE
HELPS IN PROVIDING EFFICIENT SEVICE PLANNING, BECAUSE
THERE IS NO DISTURBANCE CAUSED IN SERVICE SCHEDULE AND
NO DISTURBANCE IS CAUSED TO PASSENGERS.

ANCILLARY SPACES & SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURE
6TH SEMESTER
05
ELECTRICAL DESIGN SYSTEM
SOLAR POWER SYSTEM : IT IS PROPOSED TO PROVIDE PHOTO VOLTAIC SOLAR
POWER PLANT AT THE TERRACE OF THE BUILDING AS PER AVAILABLE SPACE AT THE
TERRACE.
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM: IT IS PROPOSED TO INSTALL VRF AC SYSTEM IN THE
BUILDING FOR AIR CONDITIONING.
CCTV SYSTEM: IT IS RECOMMENDED TO INSTALL THE CLOSE CIRCUIT TELEVISION
CAMERAS FOR MONITORING MAIN EXITS AND ENTRIES AND KEY AREAS. IP BASED
CAMERAS ARE BEING PROVIDED AT STRATEGIC LOCATIONS IN THE COMMON AREAS TO
KEEP A WATCH ON THE PUBLIC ACTIVITIES IN THE BUS STAND.
PLUMBING: THERE SHALL BE ENOUGH POTABLE WATER ON CONTINUOUS BASIS TO
EVERY USAGE POINTS. PROPER USE OF TREATED EFFLUENT FROM THE SEWAGE
TREATMENT PLANT WHEREVER POSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE MINIMAL USE OF FRESH WATER.
QUICK DISPOSAL OF RAINWATER WITHOUT STAGNATION AND FLOODING AND
MAXIMUM USE OF STORM WATER TO RECHARGE THE AQUIFER.
MEDICAL ROOM: A FIRST AID ROOM, IS A ROOM TO WHICH SOMEONE WHO IS
INJURED OR TAKEN ILL ON THE PREMISES CAN BE TAKEN FOR FIRST AID AND TO
AWAIT THE ARRIVAL OF PROFESSIONAL EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES.
FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM: ALARMS SHOULD BE PLACED ALL OVER THE
BUILDING TO DETECT AND SEND IMMEDIATE MEASURES CAN BE TAKEN.
FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM:
WET RISER AND HYDRANTS SYSTEM:
TWO STATIC UNDERGROUND STORAGE FIRE TANK AND TERRACE TANK OF CAPACITY
DEPENDING ON THE HEIGHT OF THE BLOCK INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES:
INFRASTRUCTURE PLANS AND DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES SHOULD
WET-RISER SYSTEM WITH LANDING HYDRANT VALVES AND FIRE HOSE CABINET SHALL
CONSIDER GREEN BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES TO REDUCE THE OVERALL
BE PROVIDED
CARBON FOOTPRINT AND ADVERSE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT, BOTH
EACH FIRE HOSE CABINET SHALL CONSIST OF: DURING THE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONAL PHASE. CONSTRUCTION
• ONE NUMBER FIRE HYDRANT/LANDING VALVE PRACTICES MAY EMPLOY MATERIAL (AND TECHNIQUES) WITH LOW
EMBODIED ENERGY, WHILE ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE TERMINAL’S
• 2 NOS., 63 MM DIA. AND 15M LONG RUBBERIZED FABRIC LINED HOSE PIPE.
OPERATIONS MAY BE MET THROUGH SUSTAINABLE MEANS AND USE OF
SPRINKLER SYSTEM: EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES. THIS MAY INCLUDE USE OF SOLAR ENERGY,
PENDANT/UPRIGHT/SIDEWALL TYPE SPRINKLERS SHALL BE USED WITH A CENTER TO EFFICIENT LED LIGHTING, PASSIVE COOLING/HEATING MEASURES, HIGHER
CENTER SPACING OF 3 METERS RELIANCE ON NATURAL LIGHTING ETC. ADDITIONALLY, TECHNIQUES FOR
NOISE CONTROL, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, WASTE WATER RE-CYCLING,
THE SPRINKLERS SHALL BE AUTOMATICALLY ACTIVATED AT 68 DEGREE CENTIGRADE BY
USE/RE-USE OF WASTE WATER, AND RAIN WATER HARVESTING SHOULD BE
BREAKING OF THE GLASS BULB IN THE EVENT OF FIRE
INTEGRATED IN THE PROPOSAL DURING THE PLANNING STAGE.
NECESSARY ACCESSORIES SUCH AS ALARM VALVES, FLOW SWITCHES, INSPECTOR’S
TEST VALVE ASSEMBLY, AND ANNUNCIATION PANEL, ETC. SHALL BE PROVIDED AS PER SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT, RAIN WATER HARVESTING
THE REQUIREMENTS
SERVICES
6TH SEMESTER
06
PARKING IS THE ACT OF STOPPING AND DISENGAGING A BUS PARKING CAR PARKING
VEHICLE AND LEAVING IT UNOCCUPIED. FOR 1 – 25
THE PRACTICE OF PARKING BUSES WHEN THEY ARE NOT 10% OF PEAK DEPARTURE SPACES
2 WHEELER
IN SERVICE OR UNDER MAINTANANCE IS SAID TO BE PROVIDED IN A
4 WHEELER
BUS PARKING. PARKING LOT 1
PRIVATE = FOR 3 PERSONS SPACE HAS TO BE
ON STREET APPROXIMATELY 12 BUSES CAN BE ACCOMODATES IN
1000 SQUARE METERS, IN SUCH CASE NO OTHER BUS IS ALLOTED FOR
OFF STREET AREA: 23 SQ.M/BAY DISABLED PEOPLE
FREE DISTURBED WHEN ONE BUS IS MOVING.
RENTAL
TYPES OF PARKING IN BUS

TERMINAL
• BUS PARKING
• VISITORS PARKING: PICKUP AND DROP – CAN BE

AREA REQUIRED FOR ONE BUS IS 42 Sq.m (12m X 3.5m)
AUTOS, CABS , AND PERSONAL VEHICLES ( 2-WHEELER
AND 4 WHEELER)
TURNING
• RENTAL PARKING FOR DAYS: 2 WHEELER AND 4 WHEELER 60 DEGREE PARKING
RADIUS
• STAFF PARKING (9am TO 5pm): 2 AND 4 WHEELER
• BUS DRIVERS PARKING: 2 WHEELERS
ONE-WAY CIRCULATION COUPLED WITH 60 90 DEGREE PARKING

DEGREE ANGLED PARKING, ALLOWS MAXIMUM
EFFICIENCY IN TERMS OF SPACE USE AND EASE
OF OPERATIONS.

PARKING
6TH SEMESTER
07
AUTO RIKSHAW PARKING AVERAGE LAYOVER TIME IS WHAT DECIDES THE BAYS:
30% PASSENGER OF TOTAL PASSENGER IN PEAK HOUR LAYOVER TIME IS THE TIME OF THE BUS SPENDS INSIDE THE TERMIMAL, FROM ENTRY TO EXIT. HIGHER THE
RATIO: LAYOVER TIME, HIGHER THE ACCUMULATION IF BUSES INSIDE AND REQUIREMENT OF CAPACITY TO
ACCOMMODATE ALSO IS HIGHER.
= 15 PERSONS
AREA: 22 SQ.M/BAY FOR INTER STATE BUS
TURNING RADIUS : 2.88 m LOADING OPERATION – 12 MIN

UNLOADING OPERATION – 6 MIN
2 WHEELER PARKING
PEAK HOUR FLOW IS EQUAL TO 10% OF TOTAL DAILY FLOW
15% PASSENGER OF TOTAL PASSENGER IN PEAK HOUR OUT OF WHICH 50% ARE THE UNLOADING BUSES AND 50% ARE THE LOADING BUSES
AREA: 3 SQ.M/BAY BUS BOARDING BAY ARRANGEMENT:
• SAW TOOTH BAYS: THIS ARRANGEMENT WORKS WELL WITH ONE-WAY DRIVEWAY (ALONG THE BAYS),
AND ALLOWS EASY PULLING IN AND PULL- ING OUT OF BUSES, WITHOUT THE NEED TO RE- VERSE.
1m ADDITIONALLY, IT ENSURES REDUCED GAP BETWEEN BUS AND PLATFORM WHILE DOCKING.
• ANGULAR BAYS (60, 45, 30 DEGREES): THESE WORK WELL WITH ONE-WAY DRIVEWAY AND AL- LOW EASY
PULLING IN, BUT REQUIRE REVERSING WHILE PULLING OUT.
0.9 m • PERPENDICULAR BAYS: THIS ARRANGEMENT REQUIRES MINIMUM COMBINED AREA PER BUS (BAY +
DRIVEWAY), BUT MAXIMUM DRIVEWAY WIDTH, AND HIGHER EFFORT (AND TIME) FOR PULLING IN (AND
OUT).
• LINEAR/PARALLEL BAYS: A LONG LINEAR PLATFORM SERVES MULTIPLE BUSES. LINEAR BAYS USUALLY
INCLUDE AN OVERTAKING LANE WHICH ACTS AS A DRIVEWAY. THEY WORK WITH ONE- WAY DRIVEWAY,
OCCUPY LONG CURB LENGTH PER BUS, BUT REQUIRE MINIMAL DRIVEWAY WIDTH.
• DRIVE THROUGH BAYS: DRIVE THROUGH BAYS ALLOW FOR PARALLEL BAYS, EACH WITH A SINGLE DRIVE-
IN LANE. THESE BAYS MAY BE ARRANGED AT 30, 45, 60 OR 90 DEGREES TO THE CURB .
STAFF PARKING (9AM TO 5PM)
2 WHEELER : 25% OF (CREW+WORKERS)
4 WHEELER : 10% OF PARKING SPACES
(INCLUDING OFFICIALS AND VISITORS)
BICYCLE: 10% OF TOTAL WORKERS

PARKING
6TH SEMESTER
08
BUS DEPO
A DEPOT IS A TRANSPORT SYSTEM’S OPERATING BASE. IT
PROVIDES PARKING ACCOMMODATION, SERVICING AND
MAINTENANCE FACILITIES FOR VEHICLES, AN ADMINISTRATIVE
FUNCTION, AND FACILITIES FOR STAFF.
12 BUSES CAN BE PLACES IN A 1000 SQ.M LAND WITH 50% OF PRE FABRICATED PITS
BUS PARKING AREA REQUIREMENTS
CIRCULATION SPACE
BUS DEPOT CAPACITY SHOULD BE IN S
K
MULTIPLES OF 80 TO 100 BUSES
Y
• SMALL SIZE DEPOT ‐ LESS THAN 80 L

BUSES I
• MEDIUM SIZE DEPOT ‐ 80 TO 200 BUSES F
• LARGE SIZE DEPOT2 ‐ MORE THAN 200 T
BUSES S
P
FOLLOWING ARE THE COMPONENTS INTEGRAL TO A BUS DEPOT: R
ELECTRICALLY CHARGED BUS I
• ENTRANCE/EXIT : THE ACTIVITIES OF THE IN-SHEDDING PROCESS INCLUDE V
B
REGISTRATION OF THE BUS (ENTERING THE DEPOT), AND UPDATING THE U A
STATUS OF THE BUS SUCH AS KILOMETRES COVERED, CONDITION OF THE S T
BUS, PROBLEMS IN DRIVING AND FUNCTIONING, FUEL STATUS ETC. E
P
A P
• INTERNAL PARKING (BUS) : WHERE A BUS SPENDS THE MOST TIME, R A
INVOLVES THE HIGHEST SPACE REQUIREMENT AT THE DEPOT, WITH A LARGE K R
I K
OPEN AREA UNOBSTRUCTED BY SUPPORTING COLUMNS (MAY BE SHELTERED I
N
BY LARGE SPAN STRUCTURE AND HIGH ROOF). IT IS THE DESIGNATED AREA G N
FROM WHERE BUSES ARE TAKEN FOR IN‐DEPOT ACTIVITIES (SERVICING, G
FUELLING AND WASHING) AND LATER PARKED, READY FOR THE NEXT TRIP. • MAINTENANCE : THE MAINTENANCE OF BUSES IS UNDERTAKEN IN THE WORKSHOP
AREA. THE AREA INCLUDES PITS FOR INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE; TOOLS AND
• EXTERNAL PARKING (PRIVATE VEHICLES) EQUIPMENT FOR ROUTINE SERVICING AND MECHANICAL REPAIRS; AND FACILITIES
FOR CHANGING/MAINTAINING TIRES AND STORAGE
• FUELLING : FUELLING OF THE BUSES IS A DAILY BUS SERVICING ACTIVITY
AT A DEPOT AND USUALLY, FUELLING STATIONS ARE LOCATED INSIDE THE • STORAGE : ADEQUATE STORAGE SPACES (FOR EQUIPMENT, TOOLS,
DEPOT PREMISES. ELECTRIC BUSES USE ELECTRIC ENERGY FROM ON- OPERATING/ENGINEERING PERSONNEL ETC.) ARE REQUIRED IN THE BUS
BOARD SOURCES SUCH AS A BATTERY OR ELECTRICITY GENERATOR WORKSHOP. AS ALREADY MENTIONED, A VARIETY OF ACTIVITIES ARE UNDERTAKEN
CONNECTED TO ICE, OR OFF-VEHICLE ENERGY SOURCES SUCH AS IN A WORKSHOP TO MEET A DEPOT’S OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS. EACH OF
OVERHEAD LINES THESE ACTIVITIES HAS A SPECIFIC STORAGE REQUIREMENT.
• CLEANING/WASHING:CLEANING IS ONE OF THE INTEGRAL COMPONENTS OF • ADMININ BLOCK:

BUS OPERATIONS, BE UNDERTAKEN DAILY. IT MAY INCLUDE WET WASHING,
OR DRY CLEANING (INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL) OR BOTH. THE WET
WASHING AREA IS TYPICALLY A LARGE COVERED OR UNCOVERED
STRUCTURE PROVIDED IN THE DEPOT COMPLEX, WHERE BUSES ARE
WASHED AND CLEANED, MECHANICALLY AND/OR MANUALLY.

BUS DEPO
6TH SEMESTER
09
LONG-SPAN BUILDINGS CREATE UNOBSTRUCTED, COLUMN-FREE SPACES GREATER THAN
30 METRES FOR A VARIETY OF FUNCTIONS. THESE INCLUDE ACTIVITIES WHERE UNIVERSAL DESIGN
VISIBILITY IS IMPORTANT FOR LARGE AUDIENCES WHERE FLEXIBILITY IS IMPORTANT
AND WHERE LARGE MOVABLE OBJECTS ARE HOUSED.
THE WHOLE COMPLEX SHOULD BE BARRIER-FREE AND ACCESSIBLE TO ALL. AT
THE ENTRANCES TO THE SITE AND OTHER BUILDINGS IN THE COMPLEX, RAMPS
SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO ACCOMMODATE LEVEL CHANGES FOR WHEELCHAIR
USERS. ELEVATORS SHOULD BE INSTALLED IN THE BUILDINGS WITH
FLOORS/FUNCTIONS AT HIGHER LEVELS. THIS INCLUDES THE MULTI-LEVEL
WORKSHOP BUILDINGS. ADDITIONALLY, TACTILE PAVERS AND AUDIBLE
WARNING SIGNS SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THE FACILITY DESIGN.
STRUCTURAL STEEL STRUCTURE

STEEL IS THE MAJOR MATERIAL FOR LONG-SPAN STRUCTURES. PLATE
GIRDERSVAND TRUSSES, ARE USED IN LONG-SPAN STRUCTURES
MINIMUM HEIGHT: HEIGHT FROM FLOOR TO CEILING

3.5M IN A PARTIALLY ENCLOSED STATION.
4M IN A FULLY ENCLOSED STATION.
CURB HEIGHT :0.15m

PAVED ACCESSIBLE : 2 - 3.0m CLEAR AND FREE ROUTE FOR PEOPLE
PEDESTRIAN ROUTE WALKING OR USING WHEELCHAIRS.
AUTO LANE: 2.7 - 3.3m NARROW LANE WIDTH AT THE STATION

PROVIDE INTERMEDIATE PEDESTRIAN
REFUGE ISLANDS IF GREATER THAN
THREE LANES PER DIRECTION
ROAD WIDTH FOR BUSES: 2 WAY – 7.6 m
4 WAY - 15.2m

LONG SPAN STRUCTURES AND UNIVERSAL DESIGN
6TH SEMESTER
10

059-Literature Study

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059-Literature Study

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TRANSPORTATION IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE SIZE OF THE

FUNCTIONING OF THE SOCIETY.IT IS ONE OF THE MOST

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN V REMARKS NAME : P.LIKHITHA SHEET NO

TERMINAL TYPOLOGY INTERSTATE OR LOCAL

BUS DEPO: FUNCTION:

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN V REMARKS NAME : P.LIKHITHA SHEET NO

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN V REMARKS NAME : P.LIKHITHA SHEET NO

BUS STAFF SPACES

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN V REMARKS NAME : P.LIKHITHA SHEET NO

SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURE SPACES

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN V REMARKS NAME : P.LIKHITHA SHEET NO

TYPES OF PARKING IN BUS

• VISITORS PARKING: PICKUP AND DROP – CAN BE

• BUS DRIVERS PARKING: 2 WHEELERS

ONE-WAY CIRCULATION COUPLED WITH 60 90 DEGREE PARKING

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN V REMARKS NAME : P.LIKHITHA SHEET NO

TURNING RADIUS : 2.88 m LOADING OPERATION – 12 MIN

STAFF PARKING (9AM TO 5PM)

2 WHEELER : 25% OF (CREW+WORKERS)

4 WHEELER : 10% OF PARKING SPACES

(INCLUDING OFFICIALS AND VISITORS)

BICYCLE: 10% OF TOTAL WORKERS

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN V REMARKS NAME : P.LIKHITHA SHEET NO

• SMALL SIZE DEPOT ‐ LESS THAN 80 L

• CLEANING/WASHING:CLEANING IS ONE OF THE INTEGRAL COMPONENTS OF • ADMININ BLOCK:

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN V REMARKS NAME : P.LIKHITHA SHEET NO

STRUCTURAL STEEL STRUCTURE

MINIMUM HEIGHT: HEIGHT FROM FLOOR TO CEILING

CURB HEIGHT :0.15m

AUTO LANE: 2.7 - 3.3m NARROW LANE WIDTH AT THE STATION

ROAD WIDTH FOR BUSES: 2 WAY – 7.6 m

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN V REMARKS NAME : P.LIKHITHA SHEET NO

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