World War II

1) A Return to Isolationism
a) After World W, Americans had returned to a policy of isolation. They were more
concerned with events at home than abroad.
b) America felt safe behind the oceans separating them from Europe and Asia.
c) The U.S. Congress raised tariffs, restricted immigration, and even insisted their wartime
allies, France and Great Britain, pay back the war debts they owed America.
2) The Origins of World War II
a) The Rise of Dictators:
i) __Stalin__ in the Soviet Union
ii) __Hitler__ in Germany
iii) __Mussolini__ in Italy
iv) Japanese Military in Japan
b) The failure of the League of Nations:
i) Peace treaty signed at end of WW I did not work.
c) The failure of __appeasement__ with Hitler:
i) Giving into Hitler’s demand hoping he would not start a war didn’t work.
d) The German invasion of Poland.
3) The Rise of Dictators: Joseph Stalin and Russia
a) The Russian Revolution of 1917 created the world’s first __Communist__ state known as
the Soviet Union (aka Russia or U.S.S.R.).
b) Joseph Stalin seized power by eliminating his adversaries and established a
__totalitarian__ dictatorship.
c) Many around the world feared Communism, despised Democracy, held extreme
nationalist, racist, and anti-Semitic (anti-Jewish) views.
4) The Rise of Dictators: Adolf Hitler in Germany
a) Germany had lost WW I and had been held responsible for its _death_ and destruction.
b) The Great Depression of the 1930s had led to high unemployment and shook the German
people’s confidence in its newly created democratic __Weimar Republic__.
c) All this gave Adolf Hitler the chance to seize power in Germany and establish the Nazi
political party.
5) The Rise of Dictators: Benito Mussolini in Italy
a) In Italy, Benito Mussolini promised the Italian people a return to the glory of the ancient
__Roman__ Empire.
b) Mussolini seized power and created the __fascist__ political party.
c) Mussolini established himself up as its dictator and began crushing all those who opposed
him.
d) Mussolini would eventually form a tight relationship with __Hitler__.
6) The Rise of Dictators: Japanese Military and Japan
a) Japan is a nation of islands with few natural resources.
b) The Japanese Military, led by __Hideki Tojo__, took power for the Japanese Emperor.
c) The Japanese Military soon began taking over other nations like __China__, __Korea__,
and other nations of Southeast Asia in search of new resources.
7) Axis Powers
 a) __Fascist___ Governments
b) Germany (Hitler)
c) Italy (Mussolini)
d) Japan (Tojo)
8) Allied Powers
9) ___Democratic___ Governments
a) Great Britain (Churchill)
b) USA (FDR, Truman)
c) France (De Gaulle)
10) __Communist___
a) 4. USSR (Stalin)
11) CAUSES OF WORLD War II
a) 1. Worldwide Depression
b) – The Smoot-Hawley Tariff was the highest U.S. tariff ever placed on imported goods. It
caused a _Tariff War__ between the world’s countries, so ALL businesses suffered.
c) 2. Japanese Aggression
d) – Hideki Tojo’s Fascist government looks to expand their empire across China and the
Pacific Ocean.
e) 3. German Aggression
f) – Adolph Hitler takes power in Germany during the 1930s and dramatically expands the
military through the __Nazi__ party.
g) – Anger at European countries over the harsh punishment of Germany by the Treaty of
Versailles 1919.
h) – Took land originally taken from Germany after WW1, but allowed to _keep_ it
(Appeasement) in 1938 at the Munich Conference
12) Failure of the League of Nations
a) The League of Nations created at the end of World War I and the Treaty of Versailles
was supposed to provide world peace as all nations __banded__ together to stop any
aggressor nations.
b) The League of Nations had failed when nations like the United States and the Soviet
Union had refused to join it in _1919__.
c) In the 1930s, Germany and Japan left the League.
d) The League did nothing to stop Italy from invading __Ethiopia__, Germany from
rebuilding its army, or Japan from invading Manchuria and China.
13) Appeasement Fails: The Munich Conference
a) Hitler annexed __Austria__ and then demanded a piece of Czechoslovakia in 1938.
b) At first Great Britain and France promised to protect _Czechoslovakia__, but when Hitler
threatened them with war, they backed down.
c) These nations met at the Munich Conference and the British and French leaders agreed to
give part of Czechoslovakia to Germany to avoid war, this policy was called
appeasement.
d) But it didn’t __satisfy__ Hitler and he soon demanded more, feeling Britain and France
were weak.
14) Germany Invades Poland.
 a) In 1939, Hitler made more demands of lands in _Poland__ which England and France
refused.
b) Hitler then signed a secret _nonaggression__ pact with Stalin and the Soviet Union.,
where they agreed to divide Poland between them.
c) Hitler then invaded Poland causing England and France to declare war on Germany.
d) In 1939, World War II had begun in Europe.
e) Germany’s army used a new type of warfare called the ____Blitzkrieg______ – or
lightening war which consisted of rapid attacks by airplanes, tanks, and the infantry.
f) Germany quickly defeated Poland and then took __France__ and other nations of Europe.
g) STALIN ATTACKS EASTERN POLAND
h) While Hitler was blitzing western Poland, Stalin was attacking the east
i) Stalin and Hitler had secretly agreed to divide Poland
j) Later in 1939, Stalin attacked and defeated Finland while Hitler conquered Norway and
Denmark
15) FRANCE AND BRITAIN GO IT ALONE
a) The __Maginot Line__ (a series of trenches and fortifications built along the eastern
France) proved ineffective as Hitler’s troops and tanks detoured through the “impassable”
Ardennes wooded ravines in NE France
16) FRANCE FALLS
a) Italy, allied with __Germany__, invaded France from the south as the Germans closed in
on Paris from the north.
b) France surrendered in __June__ of 1940
c) After France fell, a French General named Charles de Gaulle fled to England and set up a
French government in exile
17) THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN
a) In the summer of 1940 Germany launched an air attack on England
b) The goal was to bomb England into submission
c) Every night for two solid months, bombers pounded British targets: airfields, military
bases and then cities
18) Hitler vs. Stalin
a) Hitler broke his pact with Stalin and invaded the USSR in 1941. He felt no threat from
England. Russia was totally _unprepared__ for the invasion and had to force its citizens
to help defend Moscow and other major cities while pleading with the Allies for help.
19) America Remains Neutral
a) As tension rose in Europe, the USA passed a series of __laws__ to keep us out of the war.
b) American had been drawn into WW I when German submarines attacked US ships.
c) To prevent this from happening again, the __Neutrality Act__ prohibited American’s
from travelling on ships of nations at war or from selling military goods to countries at
war.
d) Under the Neutrality Act, American could sell __non-military__ items to England on a
“__cash-and-carry__” basis.
e) In 1937, when Japan invaded China, FDR gave his “__Quarantine Speech__”.
f) FDR warned Americans of the growing unrest and told us peaceful nations had to act
together to quarantine (isolate) aggressive nations.
20) Were we really Neutral?
a) Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937, & 1939 – passed by Congress to avoid the mistakes
that led to US involvement in World War 1.
b) __Cash and Carry__ – Included in Neutrality Act of 1939 because FDR was anti-Nazi
and wanted to aid democracies in Europe. US traded with any country paying in cash.
UK and France controlled seas, so this was a big help
c) __Destroyers for Bases___ – 1940 agreement between US and UK that sent old WW1
destroyers in exchange for British land
d) __Lend-Lease Act___ – By 1941, the Allies were running low on cash, so FDR proposed
lending or leasing supplies to them. They receive about $7 Billion worth of war supplies
21) American Moves Toward War
a) To slow the advance of the Japanese in the Pacific, the U.S. sent a volunteer unit called
the __Flying Tigers__ to support China with supplies and air defense.
b) Americans hoped to avoid war, but began making plans just in case.
c) Congress increased spending on the army and navy, and passed the first peacetime
__draft__.
d) FDR also ran for President for a third time, only man to ever do so.
e) FDR proposed the __Lend Lease Act__ to sell, lease, or lend war materials to nations the
U.S.A. supported, mainly Great Britain.
f) FDR told Americans he hoped to establish a world based on Four Freedoms.
i) Freedom of __speech__
ii) Freedom of _religion__
iii) Freedom from __want___
iv) Freedom from __fear__
22) The Atlantic Charter
a) In 1941, FDR and England’s Prime Minister Winston Churchill met onboard a U.S.
warship.
b) They announced they were not looking to gain new __territories__, but they simply
wanted freedom of the seas and an end to war.
c) They signed Atlantic Charter, which laid the foundation for what would later become the
__United Nations__.
23) America Moves Towards War
a) Japan an island nation had few natural resources or markets.
b) The Japanese military had taken control of the government and began _invading_ nations
of Asia, particularly China & Manchuria.
c) U.S.A. soon cut off trade and froze Japan’s _assets_ in the U.S..
d) Japan soon realized that their aggressive behaviors would soon bring the U.S. into the
war.
24) America Moves Toward War: Pearl Harbor
a) December 7, 1941 the Japanese launched a surprise attack on the American naval base at
__Pearl Harbor__, Hawaii.
b) This attack crippled the American fleet, it destroyed most of our battleships, __killed__
2,400 and _wounded__ another 1,200 servicemen.
c) The next day, Dec. 8, FDR asks _Congress_ to declare war against Japan, they did!
 d) Germany and Italy responded by declaring war against the U.S.A. “December 7th, a day
that will live in infamy”
25) Americans At War: The Home Front
a) The U.S prepared for war.
b) The demand for labor in the war effort would bring an end to the __Great Depression__.
c) To raise money the government issued _War Bonds_.
d) The success of selling these war bonds illustrated the high level of volunteerism or the
willingness of Americans to help the war effort.
e) __Victory Gardens__ helped ensure enough food was available Propaganda would play a
huge part of the war on both sides.
f) U.S. industries switched from _peacetime_ production to wartime.
g) The automobile industry converted to making tanks, etc.
h) Americans were asked to conserve resources needed for the war effort, cooper, rubber,
gas, even certain foods were in short supply.
i) __Rationing__ regulated the amount of goods a person could get. Pennies were no longer
made of copper but a zinc-coated steel
26) The Office of War Information
a) The government was concerned about the content and image of the war messages, they
created the Office of War Information (OWI).
b) Its responsibilities would include _pro-Allied__ & _anti-Axis__ propaganda
c) Citizens were encouraged to contribute time & money.
d) Citizens were also warned of the dangers of the enemy and tried to stir up _distrust__
towards Germany, Italy, and Japan.
27) Women in the Work Force
a) For American women, the war brought not only _sacrifices_, but also new jobs, new
skills, and new opportunities.
b) Women could not enlist in the regular army to fight, so they joined the _WACS_
(Women’s Army Corps)
c) Women took over jobs formerly held by men, such as airplane production and
shipbuilding.
d) _Rosie the River_ celebrated women’s new roles.
28) Women help the war effort
a) Rosie the Riveter
i) Symbol of __patriotic__ women defense workers during WW2
ii) Built airplanes and other war machines in jobs usually done by men
iii) _6_ million women entered the workforce during the war
b) Women are allowed to fill positions in the Army & Navy for the 1st time ever.
29) Food Rationing
a) Gas, steel, food and many other items were rationed by the government because so many
supplies were needed to stock US Armed Forces
b) Victory Gardens – backyard gardens used by citizens for food
30) Selective Service Act – provided the first _peacetime__ draft in American History – 1940
31) War Bonds – Savings bonds sold by the govt to pay for the war effort –
__BORROWING__ $ from citizens
32) Minorities in the War: African Americans
a) Like women, minorities filled the workforce to replace _men__ sent overseas.
b) Many worked in the war industry.
c) African American soldiers played an important role, but they had to battle on _two_
fronts, the enemy overseas and prejudice at home.
d) The _Tuskegee Airmen__ served with distinction during the war.
33) Vernon Baker
a) Vernon Baker was one of the first African American soldiers to see combat in the war.
b) Baker single-handedly _slipped__ through German defenses and took out three machine
nests, two observation posts and two bunkers.
c) Baker was awarded the Distinguisher Service Cross and became a symbol for the
__sacrifice__ and _courage_ of African American soldiers.
d) 52 years later Pres. Clinton awarded him the __Congressional Metal of Honor___.
34) Minorities in the War: Mexican Americans
a) Mexican Americans served in both the army and navy, fighting in all the major
_campaign__.
b) Despite their service they faced discrimination, __segregated_ housing, low wages, and
high unemployment.
c) Many young Mexican Americans that did not serve often wore _Zoot_ Suits.
d) Servicemen home on leave often attacked these Zoot Suiters in what was called the Zoot
Suit __Riots__.
35) Minorities in the War: Native Americans
a) Native Americans enlisted in the war at a higher percentage than any other minority
group.
b) The __Navajo Code Talkers__ were used to send messages in their native tongue, which
no one else could decipher.
c) Ira Hayes, a Pima Indian from El Paso, Texas helped to raise the __American__ flag on
Iwo Jima while fighting the Japanese.
36) Forced Relocation of Japanese Americans
a) The attack on Pearl Harbor created fear that Japanese Americans (Nisei) might commit
__sabotage__ along the West coast.
b) These fears were racially motivated since there was no evidence that these Nisei were no
more disloyal than German or Italian Americans.
c) FDR issued __Executive Order 9066__ requiring all Japanese Americans to be moved to
internment camps away from the West coast of the USA.
37) Internment of Japanese Americans
a) The relocation of Japanese Americans raised constitutional issues in wartime, Pres. FDR
said the action was a __military__ necessity.
b) __Korematsu__ was a Japanese American convicted of trying to remain in a restricted
area, he felt his civil rights had been violated.
c) In the Supreme Court case of ”Korematsu v. U.S.” the Court upheld the relocations on
the grounds that in wartime __onstitutional__ liberties may be limited.
d) It would be 50 years before the U.S. government would __apologize__ and offer
compensation.
38) Japanese Americans
a) Japanese immigrants and Japanese-American citizens were placed in Internment Camps
(__prison camps__) in the in 1942 after Pearl Harbor.
b) U.S. Citizens and Government officials were afraid of __disloyalty__ and espionage by
the Japanese. They were held in these prison camps until after the war.
39) The War in Europe
a) Even though the Japanese had attacked the USA at Pearl Harbor, Pres. FDR decided to
focus America’s efforts on defeating __Germany_ first.
b) By the time the USA entered the war in __1941__, Hitler had taken control of most of
Europe and North Africa.
c) Hitler made a major __mistake__ in 1941 when he invaded the Soviet Union.
d) FDR and Churchill promised Stalin they would attack Germany from the West to help the
Soviet army.
40) The Campaign in Africa and Italy
a) The Americans and the British invaded North Africa in __1942__.
b) After defeating Germany the Allies turned their sights on liberating __Italy__.
c) General George Patton was the military commander in the invasion of Africa and Italy.
d) Patton was successful with using __tanks__.
e) Patton was popular with the troops, he was a tough leader telling his troops to have a
‘killer instinct’.
41) The Invasion of France and Germany: D-Day
a) After successfully taking North Africa and Italy, the Allies set their sights on liberating
__France__.
b) June 6, 1944 –- ___D-Day__ – the Allied troops under the command of General Dwight
Eisenhower began the invasion of Europe.
c) D-Day was the largest __amphibious__ operation in history as hundreds of thousands
landed on the beaches of Normandy in northwest France.
d) D-Day aka the Normandy Invasion
42) Battle of the Bulge
a) After the landing on the beaches of Normandy, the Allies began moving eastwards to
liberate __Paris__.
b) But, in December of 1944, the Allies were caught off guard by a last offensive attack by
the Germans at what would become the Battle of the __Bulge__.
c) Some of the wars __fiercest__ fighting occurred here before the Allies were able to
invade Germany from the west.
43) Germany is Defeated
a) While the Allies fought the Battle of the Bulge, the __Russians__ captured Berlin.
b) Rather than being captured Hitler committed __suicide__.
c) On May 2, 1945, the Germans surrendered and the war in Europe was over!
d) This date is celebrated as VE-Day for __Victory in Europe__.
e) The Russians suffered more than any other nation with over __20__ million soldiers and
civilians killed.
44) Victory in Europe The Yalta Conference
 a) February 1945 – FDR, Churchill and Stalin met to plan for the post-war world and agreed
that Germany would be divided up among the 4 main Allied Powers. – Agreed that
__Atlee__, __Truman___, and _Stalin__ would hold free elections after the war
b) Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945. This date is known as Victory in Europe Day, or
V-E Day.
45) The Holocaust
a) Genocide is the effort to __murder__ an entire people or nationality.
b) Part of Hitler’s Nazi philosophy was his intense __hatred__ of Jews.
c) Hitler had blamed the Jews for all of Germany’s problems and forced them to wear the
__Star of David__ identifying them as Jewish.
d) The Holocaust refers to the attempted genocide of Jews during World War II .
e) Over __6_ million would die in Germany’s genocide of the Jews.
46) On April 7, 1933 Hitler ordered all non-Aryans removed from government jobs
47) Thus began the systematic campaign of racial purification that eventually led to the
Holocaust – the murder of 11 million people across Europe (more than half of whom were
Jews)
48) JEWS TARGETED
a) Jews were the _central__ target of the Holocaust
b) Anti-Semitism had a long history in many European countries
c) For decades Germany looked for a _scapegoat_ for their problems
d) Many Germans blamed Jews for their difficulties
49) JEWS LOSE RIGHTS
a) Jews in Germany were subject to increasingly __restrictive__ rights
b) In 1935 – Nuremberg Laws stripped Jews of their __citizenship__, __jobs__ and
__property__
c) Also in 1935 Jews forced to wear bright yellow stars to identify themselves
50) KRISTALLNACHT (NIGHT OF BROKEN GLASS)
a) On __November__, 1938 Nazi Storm Troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses and
synagogues across Germany
b) Over 100 Jews were killed, hundreds more were injured, and 30,000 Jews arrested
51) Afterward, the Nazis _blamed_ the Jews for the destruction
52) SOME JEWS FLED
a) As a result of increasing violence, many German Jews fled the country
b) However, __few__ countries were willing to take in Jewish refugees
53) The U.S. accepted 100,000 refugees including Albert Einstein, author Thomas Mann,
architect Walter Gropius and Theologian Paul Tillich
54) The Final Solution
a) Nazi leaders began the _Final Solution_.
b) The plan was to exterminate Europe’s Jews by shooting them next to trenches they had
been forced to _dig_ themselves.
c) When this proved to be too slow, the Nazi’s built over 1,000 __concentration__ camps
across Europe.
d) Jews were rounded up and sent to these camps to be used as __slave___ labor, or they
were __gassed__ and then their bodies _burned__ in ovens.
 e) During the last months of the war, the Allies found the true horror of the Nazi’s Final
Solution as they _liberated_ those who survived the camps.
f) In 1939 only about 250,000 Jews remained in Germany
g) But other nations that Hitler occupied had millions more
h) Obsessed with his desire to “_rid Europe of Jews__,” Hitler imposed what he called the
Final Solution
i) The Final Solution – a policy of genocide that involved the deliberate and systematic
killing of an entire population
j) Rested on the belief that __Aryans__ were superior people and that the purity of the
“Master Race” must be preserved
k) Hitler was responsible for the murder of more than half of the world’s _Master Race__
population
55) HITLER’S HATRED WENT BEYOND JEWS
a) • Hitler condemned to death and slavery not only Jews but other groups that he viewed as
inferior, unworthy or as “enemies of the state”
b) This list included __Gypsies__, Slavs, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Africans, Chinese,
__homosexuals__, _handicapped__, mentally ill and mentally__deficient__
56) JEWISH GHETTOS IN POLAND
a) Jews were also ordered into dismal, overcrowded __ghettos__ in various Polish cities
b) __Factories__ were built alongside the ghettos where people were forced to work for
German industry
c) Many of these Jews were then transferred to concentration camps (labor camps) deep
within __Poland__.
57) THE FINAL STAGE
a) Hitler’s program of genocide against Jews took place primarily in 6 Nazi death camps
located in Poland
b) The final stage began in _early_ 1942
c) The Germans used poison gas to more quickly exterminate the Jewish population
d) Each camp had huge __gas chambers__ that could kill as many as 12,000 per day
58) The War in Asia and the Pacific
a) The Allies had focused their efforts on defeating Germany but had also been fighting the
Japanese in the _Pacific_ theater.
b) Even after Germany surrendered in May of 1945, the Japanese had continued to fight on.
c) After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan had taken advantage of the Allies efforts in
Europe to achieve many victories in Asia.
d) The USA and Japan were separated by the huge Pacific Ocean, but soon American
__controlled__ lands were under attack.
59) The Bataan Death March 1942
a) The Philippines were under the command of Douglas McArthur.
b) The Japanese army captured the Philippines and forced U.S. soldiers to surrender.
c) These prisoners were forced to march ___60___ miles through the jungle, during the
Bataan Death March.
d) 5,000 Americans died along the way, either from ___starvation__, __dehydration__, or
were bayoneted, shot, _beheaded__ or just left to die along the way.
60) Island Hopping
a) General Douglas McArthur was the commander of the U.S. Army in the Pacific who had
been forced to surrender the Philippines but had promised “____________”.
b) McArthur and Nimitz began a campaign called ‘island hopping’ to retake lands the
Japanese had captured in the Pacific.
c) One by one the American forces took back the ____________, ____________, Iwo Jima,
and ____________.
61) The Battle of Midway
a) The Battle of Midway was the turning point in the war.
b) Japan had a plan to lure the remaining U.S. Pacific fleet into a battle near Midway island
in the Pacific.
c) The U.S. had developed the _Enigma_ machine which could translate the secret code of
the Japanese.
d) The U.S. Navy deciphered the Japanese code and planned a surprise for the Japanese
military.
e) Admiral Chester Nimitz was the commander of U.S. Pacific Fleet and won a huge victory
by sinking _4_ Japanese aircraft carriers at the Battle of Midway.
f) Not only did we cripple their fleet, but we forced the Japanese to start __retreating__
towards Japan, something they hadn’t done the entire war.
g) We also got some revenge for the Pearl Harbor attack.
62) Okinawa – Apr 1945
a) The last _obstacle_ before invading Japan.
b) Japanese soldiers employed __banzai__ charges – kamikaze attacks on land 180,000
Americans vs. 75,000 Japanese. 50,000 American casualties make it the worst American
battle of World War II.
c) From Iwo Jima and Okinawa, US bombers could reach Japan.
d) Now the planning for the invasion of Japan would begin.
63) The Atomic Bomb
a) In 1942, Pres. FDR sent a group of _scientists_ to the New Mexico desert to develop the
world’s first atomic bomb.
b) The __Manhattan Project__ was led by Robert Oppenheimer and Albert Einstein.
c) By 1945 the bomb had been tested and was ready to use.
d) Controversy surrounded the use of the bomb, should such a weapon be used against
mankind.
e) Others felt it could save lives by shortening the war.
f) ___Little Boy__ was the world’s first atomic bomb
g) FDR’s top-secret project to build the first atomic weapon
h) The project began after __Albert Einstein__ wrote a series of letters to FDR explaining
the possibility of building such weapons and how the Germans were close to developing
an atomic weapon of their own.
i) The first atomic detonation in history occurs July 16, 1945 in the New Mexico desert.
j) US casualty estimates predicted 500,000 killed or wounded
 k) American troops in an Invasion of the Japan. _________: Should we invade and risk our
soldiers’ lives, or should we use this new weapon and kill at least 250,000 innocent
Japanese civilians?
64) Deciding to Drop the Atomic Bomb
a) On April 12, 1945 Pres. FDR __dies__ just before Germany surrendered.
b) Vice-Pres. ___Harry Truman__ replaced him as President.
c) In 1945, Pres. Truman told the Japanese to surrender or prepare to be destroyed.
d) The Japanese refused.
e) To avoid a larger _loss_ of life Pres. Truman chose to drop the bomb on Japan.
65) Dropping the Atomic Bomb
a) On August 6, 1945 the __Enola Gay__ was loaded with the world’s first atomic weapon.
b) The cities of Hiroshima & Nagasaki were selected to be bombed.
c) Both cities were destroyed with 230,000 people killed __instantly__, more would die
from radiation poisoning.
d) The Japanese soon surrendered on the condition their Emperor would remain on the
__throne__.
e) The war in the Pacific was over, on VJ-Day or __Victory of Japan__.
66) The Use of Technology in WW II
a) Many believe that the Allies were victorious because of its many __technological__
advantages.
b) The Atomic Bomb ended the war.
c) __Radar__ gave ability to detect a moving object’s altitude and direction.
d) __Sonar__ allowed for detection of subs.
e) Cryptic code breaking gave us secret information.
f) __Antibiotics__ save thousands of lives.
67) The Legacy of WW II
a) World War II was a global disaster of unprecedented proportions.
b) Selected Statistics
c) U.S. troop __deaths__ - 400,000
d) U.S. troops __wounded__ – 672,000
e) Deaths Worldwide – 70 million
f) Majority of those killed/wounded were civilians, making this one of the deadliest
conflicts in history.
68) The Nuremberg Trials, 1945-1946
a) Liberation of the concentration camps in Europe revealed millions of dead, along with
____half____ survivors as the full extent of the Nazi’s brutality was brought to light.
b) The Nazi leaders were put on trial for “__crime against humanity__” in Nuremberg,
Germany.
c) Many defended themselves saying they were just following orders.
d) The Nuremberg Trials demonstrated that individuals are responsible for their actions.
69) ‘Denazification’ & Division of Germany
a) After the war, Germany was divided into _4_ zones by the U.S.A., Britain, France, and
the U.S.S.R..
b) Programs were introduced to show Germany the __evils__ of Nazi beliefs.
 c) Discrediting racism, __anti-Semitism__, Social Darwinism, __eugenics__, and similar
ideas helped show the world where ideas like these could lead to.
d) Showing the evils of _Nazis__ also helped the American Civil Rights Movement later on.
70) The Occupation of Japan
a) General Douglas MacArthur was assigned the job of __rebuilding__ and reforming post-
war Japan.
b) Important changes made Japan less aggressive and unable to build an __army__.
c) Japan’s colonies were taken away.
d) Japan’s war leaders were put on __trial__, much like Nuremberg Trials.
e) Japan also renounced use of __nuclear weapons__ and waging war.
71) The United Nations
a) The ‘League of Nations’, signed at the end of World War I, had failed.
b) FDR and Churchill decided on a new way to achieve international peace.
c) The __United Nations__ (U.N.) – 1945 established to maintain world peace.
d) Members agreed to give up the use of force, except in self-defense.
e) The ___Security Council__ is made up of 5 leading world powers.
f) The __General Assembly__ includes all member nations.