The Gilded Age (including Westward Expansion) 1877-1898 The Transcontinental Railroad established a permanent link between the East and West coasts. This created new markets for the goods being produced as a result of industrialization. This led to the Gilded Age which gets it’s name from the wealth that is created during this time and the way of life this wealth supported. Although not everyone in this period enjoyed the privileges that wealth can provide. 2. Chicago 3. New York/Ellis Island © Created by Frisco ISD—Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes. Not intended for saleThe Gilded Age 1877-1898 (includes Westward Expansion) 3A 1. From 1877-1898, the US experienced many political changes—identify the changes below and explain why they were enacted: 3B Identify the following: Explain why these were enacted: Indian policies Laws about assimilation of the American Indian Organization of western territories. Political Machines Individuals and groups that ran local and state governments. Organization of neighborhoods in major cities to control power. Civil Service Reform jing the way people get government Reform of the practice of rewarding political [supporters with government jobs. Beginnings of Populism New political movement. Farmers in western states and territories felt like they were being neglected and mistreated by government and major industries. they impact society? . What led to the following economic changes during this time period and how did What led to this? How did this impact society? Growth of Railroads — westward expansion. Necessary for the transportation of goods and people. Faster and easier — improved communication Farm issues — Too many people growing the same crops lowering the market value. Populist Party reflects farmers desire to eliminate gold standard. The Cattle Industry Boom — Large amounts of land for grazing. ‘Meat packing industry of major urban cen- ters such as Chicago. Conflict between farmers and ranchers over grazing/fencing.3B 1. What led to the following economic cha they impact society? nges during this time period and how did What led to this? How did this impact society? Industrialization New Technology Increase in immigration/work force Urbanization — Growth of cities. Growth of Labor Unions No laws regulating workplace conditions Workplace regulations (minimum wage/hours etc) during the Progressive Era Rise of Entrepreneurship Free market economy with laissez faire policies. The “American Dream” 3B 2. What are the pros and cons of big business? 3D Pros of Big Business Cons of Big Business Leadership of individuals (Carnegie) Provided jobs Monopolies and trusts Corruption 3. Why were immigrants optimistic about coming to America? Liberty and opportunity 15C 4. What was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882? Nativist (anti-immigration) law3C 1. What social issues affected the following groups? Women Role/lack of opportunity Minorities Discrimination socially and economically Children Work in factories without regulation Immigrants Discrimination, unemployment, & homelessness 3¢ 2. Define the following and explain their impact on social issues? Definition Impact Urbanization Growing population of the cities | Crowded cities due to the rise of industries. Social Gospel Movement to improve urban liv-| The Salvation Army, YMCA, ing conditions based on biblical |and social Reformers such ideals of charity. as Jane Addams at Hull House 3C 3. The era of industrialization was a time when some individuals became extremely wealthy. Some of these individuals used their wealth to help others. Identify examples: Name of Individual Example of Philanthropic Activities “Gospel of Wealth” — helped publicize philanthropy Andrew Carnegie and built libraries across the United States. Medicine and education — built hospitals and the John D. Rockefeller University of Chicago. Medicine and education — built hospitals and Cornelius Vanderbilt Vanderbilt University154 1, How did the Transcontinental Railroad affect the economy? 1SB Allowed for the transportation of goods and services across the entire country. Helped establish towns along the way Improved speed of travel + communication. 2. How did the Transcontinental Railroad and the Homestead Act lead to the close of the frontier? Land was less open. The railroad needed specific land to work — towns developed around it and people's farms. People didn’t want cattle grazing on their property. 3. Define the following and explain how they altered the relationship between the Federal government and private business. Definition Relationship between federal government and private business. Provided that businesses Sherman Anti Trust Act |could not illegally combine businesses that restrained trade. Private business saw this as the government abusing its power [by interfering with “vertical inte- gration” First federal law to Interstate Commerce Act |regulate trade between the states. Reduced pressure on farmers and small business owners that were struggling to compete against large trusts.2A 26B 278 1, Who settled on the Great Plains? Immigrants and American citizens seeking free land from the Homestead Act. Civil War veterans looking for a fresh start after the war. American Indians placed on reservations that were being assimilated into society. 2. How did settling on the Great Plains affect the environment? Scarcity of resources and pollution of environment. 3. How did the U.S. government help immigrants and Native Americans assimilate into the American culture? Establishing schools on reservations to teach American customs. 4, Why did farmers (who settled out west) need new technologies? Farming was difficult — technology allowed them to farm more land quickly and by themselves if necessary. 5. How did technological advancements in farming equipment help farmers? Farming was difficult — technology allowed them to farm more land quickly and by themselves if necessary.