I.

PROPERTIES OF WORKING SUBSTANCE

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑇 = 31°𝐶 ℉ = 9ൗ5 (31℃) + 32

𝑅𝑒𝑞’𝑑: 𝑇 = 𝑅 (𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒)
℉ = 87.8
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑅 = °𝐹 + 460 𝑅 = ℉ + 460
= 87.8℉ + 460
°𝐶 𝑡𝑜 °𝐹
°𝐹 𝑡𝑜 °𝑅
𝑹 = 𝟓𝟒𝟕. 𝟖
𝐹𝑜𝑟 °𝐶 𝑡𝑜 °𝐹

℉ = 9ൗ5 ℃ + 32
I. PROPERTIES OF WORKING SUBSTANCE 1
3 0.10 𝑚2 (6 𝑚Τ𝑠)
0.33 𝑚 ൗ𝑘𝑔
=
𝑘𝑔ൗ
0.2 𝑚2 0.27
𝑚3
𝑽𝟐 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎Τ𝒔
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝐴𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠
𝐴𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1 𝑚ሶ 1 = 𝑚ሶ 2
1
𝐴1 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 0.10 𝑚2 𝑚ሶ = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 3 𝑚2 (𝑚Τ𝑠)
𝑚ൗ
𝑉1 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 6 𝑚Τ𝑠 𝜌1 𝐴1 𝑉1 = 𝜌2 𝐴2 𝑉2 𝑘𝑔
3 =
𝜐1 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 0.33 𝑚 ൗ𝑘𝑔 𝑚2
𝑘𝑔ൗ
1 𝑚3
𝜌= 1
𝜐 𝑘𝑔ൗ 2 𝑚 Τ 𝑚 3
=
𝐴𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2 1
𝐴1 𝑉1 = 𝜌2 𝐴2 𝑉2 𝑚3 𝑚 𝑠 𝑥 ൗ𝑘𝑔
𝑚2
𝐴2 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 0.2 𝑚2 𝜐1
𝑘𝑔ൗ = 𝒎Τ𝒔
𝜌2 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 0.27 𝑚3 1
𝐴 𝑉
𝜐1 1 1
𝑉2 =
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑 ∶ 𝑉2 (𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2) 𝐴2 𝜌2
I. PROPERTIES OF WORKING SUBSTANCE

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: ℎ = 6 𝑚 𝑃 = 9.81 𝑘𝑁ൗ 3 6𝑚

𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: 𝑃 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑚
𝑷 = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟖𝟔 𝒌𝑷𝒂
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝐻𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝐴𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠
𝑃 = 𝛾ℎ 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑜 − 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑜 − 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙 =
𝑃 = 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑚2
𝛾 = 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹 (𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 − 𝑁)
𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙 =
ℎ = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝐴 (𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 − 𝑚2 )
𝑘𝑁
𝑃= 𝑚
𝛾𝑤 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 9.81 𝑘𝑁ൗ𝑚3 𝑚3 2
𝑘𝑁
𝑃 = 2 = 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙 (𝑃𝑎)
𝑚
I. PROPERTIES OF WORKING SUBSTANCE

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑃𝑔 𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = −110 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑦

𝑽𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒎 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝑵𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 −110 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
ℎ𝑤𝑔 =
𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 10.5 𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝐻2 𝑂 𝑘𝑁 760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
9.81 3
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: 𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝐻2 𝑂 𝑚
ℎ𝑤𝑔 = −1.5 𝑚 𝑜𝑓𝐻2 𝑂
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 𝑃𝑔 + 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 = −1.5 𝑚 𝑜𝑓𝐻2 𝑂 + 10.5𝑚 𝑜𝑓𝐻2 𝑂
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 − 110 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑚. 𝑜𝑓𝐻2 𝑂 𝑷𝒂𝒃𝒔 = 𝟗 𝒎 𝒐𝒇𝑯𝟐 𝑶
𝑃𝑔
𝑃𝑔 = 𝛾𝑓 ℎ𝑤𝑔 ; ℎ𝑤𝑔 =
𝛾𝑓
II. CONCEPTS OF ENERGY/LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS

𝑘𝑔 1 𝑷 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝟗𝟎 𝒌𝑾
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝜌𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 1.217 ൗ 3 𝜌𝑣 𝑉 2
𝑚 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝐴𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠
𝑉𝑤 = 56 𝑘𝑝ℎ 2
𝑣ሶ 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝐴𝑉 𝑘𝑔ൗ 2
𝑚 3
𝑘𝑔ൗ 𝑚3
𝐷 = 3𝑚 𝑚2
𝐸 − 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 1 𝑚3 𝑚 𝑠
; 𝑚3 𝑠3
𝑃 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝜌𝐴𝑉 𝑉 2 1 𝑚2
𝑡 − 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 2 𝑘𝑔 𝑚2 ; 𝑘𝑔
𝑠3 𝑠3
𝐾𝐸 − 𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 1
= 𝜌𝐴 𝑉 3 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚 𝑚Τ ; 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚Τ ; 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
𝑡 2 𝑠 𝑠
1 2
𝑠2 𝑠
𝑚𝑉 1 𝑘𝑔 𝜋 𝐽
= 2
2
1.217 ൗ𝑚3 𝑥 3𝑚 =𝑊
𝑡 2 4 𝑠
1 3
𝑚𝑉 2 ; 𝑚 = 𝜌𝑣 𝑘𝑚 1 ℎ𝑟 1000 𝑚
2 56 𝑥 𝑥
ℎ𝑟 3600 𝑠 1 𝑘𝑚
II. CONCEPTS OF ENERGY/LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 = 2.25 𝑘𝑔

𝑡𝑖 = 20℃
𝑡𝑓 = 240℃
𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 = 0.46 ൗ𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: 𝑄 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 = 𝑘𝐽

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑄 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑡
𝑘𝐽
= 2.25 𝑘𝑔 0.46 ൗ𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾 240 − 20 ℃
∆𝐾 = ∆℃
𝑸 = 𝟐𝟐𝟕. 𝟕 𝒌𝑱
II. CONCEPTS OF ENERGY/LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑄 = 522 𝑘𝐽 𝑄
𝐶𝑝 =
𝑡𝑖 = 300 𝐾 𝑚∆𝑡
𝑡𝑓 = 800 𝐾 522 𝑘𝐽
=
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: 𝐶𝑝 = 𝑘𝐽ൗ𝑘𝑔 −𝐾 1 𝑘𝑔 800 − 300 𝐾

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑪𝒑 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟒𝟒 𝒌𝑱ൗ𝒌𝒈 − 𝑲

𝑄 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑡
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑚 = 1 𝑘𝑔
II. CONCEPTS OF ENERGY/LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS

𝑘𝑔ൗ 𝐸𝑖𝑛 = 𝐸𝑜𝑢𝑡

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑚𝑠 = 1,630 ℎ𝑟 𝑉1 + ℎ1 = ℎ2 + 𝑉2 + 𝑊𝑇
𝑉1 = 340 𝑚Τ𝑠
𝑘𝐽 𝐾𝐸1 + 𝐻1 = 𝐻2 + 𝐾𝐸2 + 𝑊𝑇
ℎ1 = 3550 ൗ𝑘𝑔
𝑉2 = 259 𝑚Τ𝑠 𝑊𝑇 = ∆𝐻 + ∆𝐾𝐸
𝑘𝐽
ℎ2 = 3020 ൗ𝑘𝑔 = 𝑚𝑠 ℎ1 − ℎ2 + 1ൗ2 𝑚𝑠 𝑉1 − 𝑉2 2
𝑘𝑔
1,630 ൗℎ𝑟 1ൗ2 3402 − 2592 𝑚Τ𝑠 𝑘𝐽
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: 𝑃 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑘𝑊 = + 3550 − 3020 ൗ𝑘𝑔
3600 𝑠ൗ1 ℎ𝑟 𝐽
1000 ൗ𝑘𝐽
𝑾𝑻 = 𝟐𝟓𝟏 𝒌𝑾
III. CONCEPTS OF IDEAL GAS

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑣 = 57 𝑚3 101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎 57𝑚3

𝑃 = 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑚=
𝑇 = 21℃ 8.314 𝑘𝐽ൗ𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 − 𝐾
21 + 273 𝐾
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: 𝑚𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
28
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝒎 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟏𝟔 𝒌𝒈
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝐴𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠
𝑃𝑣 = 𝑚𝑅𝑇 ; 𝑚 = 𝑃𝑣ൗ𝑅𝑇 𝑘𝑔ൗ
𝑘𝑁ൗ 𝑚 3 ∙ 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾
𝑚 2 𝑘𝐽ൗ
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑅
ത 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 − 𝐾
𝑅 = 𝑅ൗ𝑀𝑊 ; 𝑅 = 8.314 ൗ𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 − 𝐾 𝑘𝑔ൗ
𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑚 ∙ 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 = 𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝑊𝑁 = 28 𝑘𝑔/𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
III. CONCEPTS OF IDEAL GAS

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑣 = 0.71 𝑚3 ത 1
𝑚 𝑅ൗ𝑀𝑊 𝑇 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
𝑚 = 4.5 𝑘𝑔 𝑃= 𝑚32
𝑀𝑊 = 44 𝑣
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑁
𝑇 = 21℃ 8.314 ൗ𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 𝑃𝑎
4.5 𝑘𝑔 21 + 273 𝐾 𝑚2
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: 𝑃 = 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑘𝑔ൗ
44 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 − 𝐾
=
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 0.71 𝑚3
𝑃𝑣 = 𝑚𝑅𝑇 𝑷 = 𝟑𝟓𝟐. 𝟎𝟗𝟒 𝒌𝑷𝒂
𝑚𝑅𝑇 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠
𝑃= 𝑘𝐽ൗ
𝑣 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 1
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑅 𝑘𝑔 𝐾 ∙ 3
𝑘𝑔ൗ 𝑚
ത
𝑅 = 𝑅ൗ𝑀𝑊 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 − 𝐾
III. CONCEPTS OF IDEAL GAS

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑣1 = 450 𝑐𝑚3 0 + 273 𝐾 740 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 450 𝑐𝑚3

=
𝑃1 = 740 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 20℃ + 273
𝑇1 = 20℃ 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟒𝟎𝟖. 𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒎𝟑
𝑃2 = 760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝑇2 = 0℃

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐺𝑎𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤
𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑃2 𝑉2
=
𝑇1 𝑇2
𝑇2 𝑃1 𝑉1
𝑉2 =
𝑃2 𝑇1
III. CONCEPTS OF IDEAL GAS

𝑘𝑁 𝑃𝑔1 + 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑃𝑔2 + 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑃𝑔1 = 160 2 =
𝑚 𝑇1 𝑇2
𝑇1 = 30℃ 𝑇2 𝑃𝑔1 + 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑇2 = 60℃ 𝑃𝑔2 = − 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑇1
𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 759 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: 𝑃𝑔2 60 + 273 𝐾 160 𝑘𝑁ൗ 2 + 759 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝑚 760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
=
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 30 + 273
101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐺𝑎𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤 −759 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑃2 𝑉2 760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
=
𝑇1 𝑇2 𝑷𝒈𝟐 = 𝟏𝟖𝟓. 𝟖𝟔 𝒌𝑵ൗ 𝟐
𝒎
PROCESSES OF IDEAL GAS
PROCESSES OF IDEAL GAS
I. ISOBARIC PROCESS

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑣1 = 0.04𝑚3 𝑊𝑛 = 𝑃∆𝑉 = 𝑃 𝑉2 − 𝑉1

𝑣2 = 0.10𝑚3 𝑘𝑁
𝑃 = 200 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 200 2 0.10 − 0.04 𝑚3
𝑚
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: 𝑊𝑛 = 𝑘𝐽 𝑾𝒏 = 𝟏𝟐 𝒌𝑱

𝑬𝒏𝒄𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒅
𝑊𝑛 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑁𝑜𝑛 − 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤
𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆
𝐼𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠
I. ISOBARIC PROCESS

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑚𝑁𝐻3 = 22 𝑘𝑔 𝑷𝟏 = 𝟒𝟏𝟑 𝒌𝑷𝒂 , 𝑷𝟐 = 𝟒𝟏𝟑 𝒌𝑷𝒂 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑁𝐻3

𝑃1 = 413 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝐼𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑅ത
𝑇1 = 38℃ 𝑅𝑁𝐻3 =
𝑀𝑊𝑁𝐻3
𝑄 = 2900 𝑘𝐽 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑃2 = 413 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑊𝑛 = 𝑃∆𝑉 𝑀𝑊𝑁𝐻3
𝑇2 = 100℃ = 𝑃 𝑉2 − 𝑉1
𝑁𝐻3
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: 𝑊𝑛 = 𝑃2 𝑉2 − 𝑃1 𝑉1 ; Pv = mRT
𝑁 = 14 ; 𝐻3 = 1 3
= 𝑚𝑅𝑇2 − 𝑚𝑅𝑇1
𝑁𝐻3 = 14 + 3 = 17
𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 = 𝑚𝑅 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
𝑀𝑊𝑁𝐻3 = 17
𝑊𝑛 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑁𝑜𝑛 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤
I. ISOBARIC PROCESS

𝑘𝐽
8.314 ൗ𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙ 𝐾
𝑅𝑁𝐻3 =
𝑘𝑔
17 ൗ𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙ 𝐾

𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑛
𝑊𝑛 = 𝑚𝑅 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
𝑘𝐽
8.314 ൗ𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 − 𝐾
= 22 𝑘𝑔 100 + 273 𝐾 − 38 + 273 𝐾
𝑘𝑔ൗ
17 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 − 𝐾
𝑾𝒏 = 𝟔𝟔𝟕. 𝟎𝟕𝟔 𝒌𝑱
I. ISOBARIC PROCESS

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑄 = 522 𝑘𝐽 522 𝑘𝐽

=
𝑇1 = 300 𝐾 1𝑘𝑔 800 − 300 𝐾
𝑇2 = 800 𝐾 𝒌𝑱
𝑪𝒑 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟒𝟒 ൗ𝒌𝒈 − 𝑲
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: 𝐶𝑝

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑄 = 𝑚 𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇
𝑄
𝐶𝑝 =
𝑚∆𝑇
II. ISOMETRIC PROCESS

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑚 = 1.36 𝑘𝑔 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑣 𝑅 𝑇

𝐽 𝑅 ∆𝑠 = 𝑚 ln 2ൗ𝑇
𝑅 = 377 ൗ𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾 𝑘−1 1
𝐶𝑣 =
𝑘−1 .377 𝑘𝐽ൗ𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾
𝑘 = 1.25 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑇2 = 1.36 𝑘𝑔 ln 999.121𝐾ൗ60 + 273𝐾
𝑃1 = 551.6 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑃1 𝑃2 𝑃2 𝑇1 1.25 − 1
= ; 𝑇2 = 𝒌𝑱
𝑇1 = 60℃ 𝑇1 𝑇2 𝑃1 ∆𝒔 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟓𝟑 ൗ𝑲
𝑃2 = 1655 𝑘𝑃𝑎 1655 𝑘𝑃𝑎 60 + 273 𝐾
𝑄 = 105.5 𝑘𝐽 =
551.6 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: ∆𝑠 𝑇2 = 999.121𝐾

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑇2
∆𝑠 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣 ln ൗ𝑇
1
III. ISOTHERMAL PROCESS

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑣1 = 0.4𝑚3
𝑃1 = 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑇1 = 80℃
𝑉2 = 0.1𝑚3
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: 𝑊𝑛 = 𝑘𝐽

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑣
𝑊𝑛 = 𝑃1 𝑣1 𝑙𝑛 2ൗ𝑣1
𝑘𝑁 3
0.1 3
= 100 ൗ𝑚2 0.4𝑚 ln 𝑚
0.4
𝑾𝒏 = −𝟓𝟓. 𝟒𝟓𝟐 𝒌𝑱
III. ISOTHERMAL PROCESS

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑇 = 400 𝐾 𝑃𝑣 = 𝑚𝑅𝑇 𝑾𝒔

1 𝑣 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔. 𝟏𝟐 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈
𝑃2 = 𝑃1 𝑊𝑠 = 𝑚𝑎 𝑅𝑎 𝑇 ln 2ൗ𝑣1 𝒎𝒂
3 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑣2 & 𝑣1
𝑃1 = 207 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑃1 𝑣1 𝑃2 𝑣2
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: 𝑊𝑠 =
𝑇1 𝑇2
𝑃1 𝑣2 𝑃1 𝑣2
"𝐴𝑖𝑟 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑠" = ; =
𝑃2 𝑣1 1 𝑣1
𝑊𝑠 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑦 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑃1
3
𝑣2
=3
Solution: 𝑣1
𝑣2 𝑊𝑠 𝑘𝐽
𝑊𝑠 = 𝑃1 𝑣1 ln ൗ𝑣1 = 0.287 ൗ𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾 400𝐾 𝑙𝑛 3
𝑚𝑎
III. ISOTHERMAL PROCESS

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑃1 = 10 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑣2 = 1𝑓𝑡 3

2
𝑃2 = 100 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 12 𝑖𝑛 1𝑓𝑡 3
𝑙𝑏
𝑊𝑛 = 10 ൗ𝑖𝑛2 10𝑓𝑡 3 𝑙𝑛
Req’d : Wn 1𝑓𝑡 10𝑓𝑡 3
𝑾𝒏 = −𝟑𝟑, 𝟏𝟓𝟕. 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝒇𝒕 − 𝒍𝒃𝒇
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑣 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑒 ON
𝑊𝑛 = 𝑃1 𝑣1 ln 2 ൗ𝑣1
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑣2 & 𝑣1
𝑣 = 100ൗ𝑃 𝑓𝑡 3
𝑣1 = 100ൗ10
𝑣1 = 10𝑓𝑡 3
𝑣2 = 100ൗ100
IV. ISENTROPIC PROCESS

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑃1 = 6,516 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑣1 = 0.113 𝑚3
𝑣2 = 0.057𝑚3
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: 𝑃2 = 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑃1 𝑣1𝑘 = 𝑃2 𝑣2𝑘
𝑃1 𝑣1𝑘
𝑃2 =
𝑣2𝑘
𝑘 = 1.4 𝐴𝑖𝑟
6,516 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (0.113 𝑚3 )1.4 = 𝑃2 (0.057 𝑚3 )1.4
𝑷𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔, 𝟗𝟖𝟓 𝒌𝑷𝒂
IV. ISENTROPIC PROCESS

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑣1 = 0.20 𝑚3 𝑃1 𝑣1𝑘 = 𝑃2 𝑣2𝑘 𝑃2 𝑣2 − 𝑃1 𝑣1

𝑊𝑛 =
𝑣2 = 0.01 𝑚3 𝑃1 𝑣1𝑘 1−𝑘
𝑇1 = 20℃ 𝑃2 = 6,628.908 𝑘𝑃𝑎 0.01 𝑚3 − 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎 0.20 𝑚3
𝑣2𝑘 𝑊𝑛 =
𝑃1 = 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (0.20 𝑚3 )1.4 1 − 1.4
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: 𝑊𝑛 = 𝑾𝒏 = −𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟕𝟐𝟑 𝒌𝑱
(0.01 𝑚3 )1.4
𝑃2 = 6628.908 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑃2 𝑣2 − 𝑃1 𝑣1
𝑊𝑛 =
1−𝑘
𝑘 = 1.4 𝐴𝑖𝑟
IV. ISENTROPIC PROCESS
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑚
𝑃𝑣 = 𝑚𝑅𝑇
𝑃𝑣
𝑚= , 𝑣 = 𝑣𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑚 −
𝑅𝑇
𝑣𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛
101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
12𝑥10𝑥3 𝑚3
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: 𝑇2 −50(0.2𝑚3 )
𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑄 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇 =
𝑘𝐽
0.287 ൗ𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾
𝐿 = 12 𝑚 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒 = 50 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑄
𝑊 = 10 𝑚 1 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 = 150 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙 16 + 273 𝐾
𝐻 =3𝑚 1 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 = 0.20 𝑚3 𝑄 = 50 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒 150 10 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑚 = 427.462 𝑘𝑔
ℎ𝑟
𝑃 = 101.3 𝑘𝑃𝑎 1 ℎ𝑟
𝑇 = 16℃ 60𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠
𝑘𝐽
𝑅 = 0.287 𝑄 = 1250 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙
𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐶𝑣 = 0.171
𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾
IV. ISENTROPIC PROCESS

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑑
𝑄=0
𝑄 = ∆𝑈 + 𝑊𝑛 ; 𝑊𝑛 = 0
𝑄 = ∆𝑈 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇

𝑄 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇
𝑄 + 𝑚𝐶𝑣 𝑇1
𝑇2 =
𝑚𝐶𝑣
𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙
(1250 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙) + 427.462 𝑘𝑔 0.171 16℃
𝑘𝑔
=
𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙
427.462 𝑘𝑔 0.171
𝑘𝑔
𝑻𝟐 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟏℃
V. POLYTROPIC PROCESS

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑃1 = 138 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝒏 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓𝟒

𝑇1 = 5℃
𝑃2 = 827 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑇2 = 171℃
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: n

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑛 −1
𝑇1 𝑃1 𝑛
=
𝑇2 𝑃2
𝑛 −1
5 + 273 138 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑛
=
171 + 273 827 𝑘𝑃𝑎
V. POLYTROPIC PROCESS

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑃1 = 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 14.7 𝑝𝑠𝑖 (20𝑓𝑡 3 )1.15 = 48.51 𝑝𝑠𝑖 ( 𝑣2 )1.15

𝑣1 = 20 𝑓𝑡 3 𝑣2 = 7.082𝑓𝑡 3
𝑃2 = 48.5 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑙𝑏 12 𝑖𝑛 2 12 𝑖𝑛 2

𝑛 = 1.15 (48.5 ൗ 2 𝑥 7.082𝑓𝑡 3 − (14.7 𝑙𝑏ൗ 2 𝑥 20𝑓𝑡 3

𝑖𝑛 1 𝑓𝑡 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑓𝑡
𝑅𝑒𝑞′ 𝑑: 𝑊𝑛 𝑊𝑛 =
1 − 1.15
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑊𝑛 = −47,497.92 𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏𝑓
𝑃2 𝑣2 − 𝑃1 𝑣1 1 𝐵𝑡𝑢 = 778 𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏𝑓
𝑊𝑛 =
1−𝑛 −47,497.92 𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏𝑓
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑣2 𝑊𝑛 = ൗ778 𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏𝑓 1 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑃1 𝑣1𝑛 = 𝑃2 𝑣2𝑛 𝑾𝒏 = −𝟔𝟏. 𝟎𝟓 𝑩𝒕𝒖
1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 14.7 𝑝𝑠𝑖
ANSWER THERMODYNAMICS 1 SAMPLE
PROBLEM