MYCOVIRO| MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY March 24, 2022

(Unified Synchronous Discussion)

Subcutaneous Mycoses
Discussion/PPT Notes from other trances/readings Additional notes**

Subcutaneous Mycoses

- Subcutaneous mycoses involve the dermis of

the skin extending to the subcutaneous tissues
(muscles and fascia) and can also extend up to
the epidermis to cause skin surface lesions.
- They are acquired from soil, vegetation, and
decaying woods.
- The mode of transmission is usually through - Laboratory Diagnosis
traumatic implantation of foreign objects into • Specimen:
the deep layers of the skin. ◼ Exudate or pus material from the
nodule.
SPOROTRICHOSIS ◼ Tissue biopsy
◼ Respiratory secretions
- Disease associated with gardening particularly
with exposure with rose thorns and sphagnum • Direct microscopy using KOH Mount from
moss. Blood Culture:
- Other names ◼ Sporonthrix schenckii is a dimorphic
fungus
• Rose Gardeners’ Disease
◼ Cigar shaped yeast cells
• Pose Pickers’ Disease
◼ Rosette-like patterned mold (conidia)
• Rose Handler’s Disease
• H&E staining of the Skin biopsy
- Causative agent
◼ Asteroid bodies
• Sporothrix shenckii

- Clinical Findings:
• Can present as Lymphocutaneous CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS
sporotrichosis characterized by nodular
and ulcerative lesions along the lymph - Chronic mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous
channels that drain the primary site of tissue.
inoculation - Other names:
• Verrrucous dermatitidis
Chromomycosis
- Causative agents:
• Fosecaea pedrosoi
• Phialophora verrucose
• Can also present as Osteoartivular
sporotrichosis that is characterized by • Cladosporium carrionii
arthritis and can manifest as a form of • Fonsecaea compacta
osteomyelitis. • Rhinocladiela aquaspersa

- Can present as Pulmonary sporotrichosis that

has non-specific signs and symptoms of - Clinical Findings:
coughing accompanied with sputum or • Painless, scaly, papule on the skin that
hemoptysis. develops into warty, crusted nodules

ANGELEI MARIZ C. MARTINEZ 3RD YEAR; 2ND SEMESTER

MYCOVIRO| MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY March 24, 2022
(Unified Synchronous Discussion)
Subcutaneous Mycoses
Discussion/PPT Notes from other trances/readings Additional notes**

“cauliflower-like” with micro abscess RHINOSPORIDIOSIS

formation.
- A mycotic element that is not viable. Means the
fungus that can’t be cultured so then is just
exhibited through microscopic examination.
- Causative Agent: Rhinosporidium seeberi
- Clinical Findings:
• A granulomatous nodule that affects the
- Laboratory Diagnosis:
nose, conjunctiva, and other
• Specimen:
mucocutaneous crevices.
◼ Exudate or pus material from the
• Starts with granuloma formation, formation
nodule
of polyp, and then obtains seropurulent
◼ Tissue biopsy
discharge.
◼ Respiratory secretions
• Direct microscopy using KOH Mount from
Blood Culture:
◼ Formation of sclerotic bodies
• Skin Biopsy
◼ Copper pennies of muniform/ sclerotic - Laboratory Diagnosis
cells → copper colored, non-budding • Specimen:
structures occurring in singly or in ◼ Mucosal scrapings and nasal
clusters. discharge.
• Tissue biopsy and Direct microscopy of
nasal discharge:
◼ Presence of spherules (large
sporandia or sac-like structure)

MYCETOMA

- Chronic granulomatous infection of the

subcutaneous tissues and bone.
- 2 types: LOBOMYCOSIS
• Eumycotic Mycetoma
◼ Other Names: Maduromycosis or - Associated with aquatic habitats and is acquired
Madura foot via traumatic implantations like arthropod stings,
◼ Causative Agent: snake bite, ray sting or wounds obtained while
 Madurella mycetomatis cutting vegetables phoretic with Lacazia loboi.
 Madurella grisea - Other names:
 Pseudallescheria boydii • Keloidal Blastomycoses
 Exophialla jeanselmei • Lobo’s Disease
• Lacaziosis
- Causative Agent
• Lacazia loboi
• Loboa loboi
- Clinical Findings
• Actinomycotic Mycetoma • Verrucoid or nodular lesions
◼ Another name: Actinomycetoma
◼ Causative agent: Bacteria
(actinomyces, streptomyces, etc.)

ANGELEI MARIZ C. MARTINEZ 3RD YEAR; 2ND SEMESTER

MYCOVIRO| MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY March 24, 2022
(Unified Synchronous Discussion)
Subcutaneous Mycoses
Discussion/PPT Notes from other trances/readings Additional notes**

SUBCUTANEOUS PHAEOHYPOMYCOSIS

- Mycotic disease caused by darkly pigmented

fungi or fungi that have melanin in their cell
walls.
- Causative agent
• Exophiala spp.
• Bipolaros spp.
• Curoularia spp.
• Exserohilum spp.
- Clinical Findings
• Associated with Chromoblastomycosis and
Madurella

ZYGOMYCETOMA

- Most species are saprobes, living of decaying

organic material; a few are parasites.
- Generally, are super rare.
- 2 types
• Entomophthoromycosis
◼ Causative agent
 Basidiobolus ranarum
 Conidiobolus coronatus
◼ Clinical findings
 May affect immunocompetent
patients.
• Mucormycosis
◼ Causative agent
 Rhizopus
 Mucor
 Cunninghamella
 Saksenaea
 Rhizomucor
 Absidia
 Lichtheimia
◼ Clinical findings
 Although considered to be a rare
infection, mucormycosis
(zygomycosis) has emerged as
the second most common
invasive mould infection. Despite
the advent of newer antifungal
agents, mortality rate of
mucormycosis remains
exceedingly high. However,
mucormycosis is not always
amenable to cure.

ANGELEI MARIZ C. MARTINEZ 3RD YEAR; 2ND SEMESTER