Hi

stor
yChapt
er:
-7Sci
enceandTechnol
ogy
.
1.
AChooset
her
ightopt
ionandr
ewr
it
ethesent
ence:

1.
___
___
_wasnamedast
hef
ir
stChai
rmanofAt
omi
cEner
gyCommi
ssi
on.

(
a)DrHomi
Bhabha

(
b)DrHomi
Set
hna

(
c)DrA.
P.J.Abdul
Kal
am

(
d)DrRaj
aRamanna

Answer
:

(
a)DrHomi
Bhabha

2.
___
___
__wast
hef
ir
stcompl
etel
yindi
genouscommuni
cat
ionsat
ell
i
temadebyI
SRO.

(
a)Ar
yabhat
ta

(
b)I
nsat1B

(
c)Rohi
ni-
75

(
d)APPLE

Answer
:

(
d)APPLE

B.I
dent
if
ythewr
ongpai
r:

Quest
ion1.

(
1)Pr
it
hvi
–Sur
face-
to-
Sur
facebal
l
ist
icmi
ssi
l
e

(
2)Agni
–Sur
face-
to-
Seabal
l
ist
icmi
ssi
l
e

(
3)Akash–Sur
face-
to-
Airmi
ssi
l
e

(
4)Nag–ant
i-
tankmi
ssi
l
e
Answer
:

Wr
ongPai
r:Agni
–Sur
face-
to-
Seabal
l
ist
icmi
ssi
l
e

2.
B.Expl
aint
hef
oll
owi
ngconcept
s:

Quest
ion1.
-Spacer
esear
ch

Answer
:

(
i)I
n1961,I
ndianNat
ionalCommit
teeforSpaceResearch(NCSR)l
aunchedIndi
a’sfi
rst
r
esear
chrocketfr
om ThumbaEquator
ial
LaunchCentreinThumbaintheStateofKeral
a.

(
ii
)In1969,
ouri
ndi
genousl
ybui
l
trocketRohi
ni-
75wassuccessf
ull
ylaunched.

(i
ii
)Thenextst
agewasthesuccessf
ull
aunchoft
hef
ir
stI
ndi
ansat
ell
i
teAr
yabhat
tai
n1975wi
th
helpf
rom t
heSovi
etUni
on.

(
iv)ThissuccessprovedthatI
ndianscient
ist
scanindi
genouslybui
l
dandlaunchasat
ell
i
te.
I
ndianscient
istswereconfi
dentthatt
heycouldacquir
ethetechnol
ogyf
orsendingamessage
f
rom theEarthStat
ionandt oassesstheworkingoft
hesatel
li
te.

Quest
ion2.
-Tel
exser
vice

Answer
:

(
i)Thedepart
mentoft
elecommunicat
ionsundert
heMinist
ryofCommunicat
ionsst
artedt
he
t
elexser
vicei
n1963totransmi
tty
pedmessagesf r
om onepartoft
hecountr
ytoanotherr
api
dly
.

(
ii
)In1969,
thet
elexser
vicest
art
edi
nDev
anagar
iscr
ipti
nDel
hi.

(
ii
i)Lat
er,
itspr
eadal
lov
ert
hecount
ry.

(i
v)Thisser
vicebegant
obeusedindif
fer
entf
iel
ds.Wi
tht
her
iseofi
nter
netaf
ter1990,
the
si
gnif
icanceofthi
sserv
icer
educed.

3.Expl
aint
hef
oll
owi
ngwi
thr
easons:

Quest
ion1.
Pandi
tNehr
uest
abl
i
shedt
heAt
omi
cEner
gyCommi
ssi
on.
Answer
:

(i
)Indi
a’
sfi
rstPri
meMi ni
sterPandi
tJawahar
lal
Nehr
uwant
edt
onur
tur
easci
ent
if
ict
emperand
bri
ngaboutthenati
on’
sprogress.

(
ii
)Fr
om t
hisper
spect
ive,
hesetupt
heI
ndi
anAt
omi
cEner
gyCommi
ssi
onon10t
hAugust
,1948.

(
ii
i)DrHomi
Bhabhawasappoi
ntedast
hef
ir
stChai
rmanoft
heCommi
ssi
on.

(i
v)Theobjecti
vesoft
hecommissi
onweretoproduceel
ectr
ici
tyfrom at
omi cener
gy,i
ncr
ease
theyi
eldoffoodgrai
nsandmakethem l
astl
onger,
setupthetechnol
ogyf orachi
evi
ngthi
sand
devel
opnanotechnol
ogy.

Quest
ion2.
Indi
adeci
dedt
oconductnucl
eart
est
s.

Answer
:

(i
)Indiasuccessf
ull
yper
formedherfi
rstnucl
eartestatPokharaninRaj
asthanon18thMay,
1974inconsonancewiththepol
icyofusingnucl
earenergyforpeacef
ulpurposesandf
orsel
f
suffi
ciency
.

(i
i
)ThereasonwhyIndi
atookthi
sdeci
sionwasChi
na’
snucl
earcapabi
l
ityandPaki
stan’
s
desper
ateeff
ort
stoacqui
renucl
earweaponswi
thChi
na’
shel
p.

(i
i
i)DrHomiSethna,thechai
rmanoftheI
ndi
anAtomi
cEnergyCommi
ssi
onandDrRaja
Ramanna,Di
rectoroftheBhabhaAt
omicResear
chCent
replay
edamaj
orrol
einconduct
ingt
his
nucl
eart
est.

(i
v)Pri
meMi ni
sterI
ndi
raGandhit
ookthedecisi
onofcarry
ingouta‘nucl
earexpl
osi
on’
.
Pokharanwaschosenonthebasi
softherequir
edcri
ter
iaforthel
ocati
onofthenucl
eart
est
s:
farawayfr
om humansett
lementandnogroundwaterreserv
es.

Quest
ion3.
USAi
mposedeconomi
csanct
ionsonI
ndi
a.

Answer
:

(
i)On11t
hMay1998,
Indi
acar
ri
edouti
tssecondnucl
eart
estt
opr
ovei
tsnucl
earpr
epar
edness.

(
ii
)Thr
eet
est
swer
edoneont
hisday
.

(
ii
i)Oneoft
hem wasoft
hehy
drogenbomb.

(
iv)Pr
imeMini
sterAt
alBihar
iVaj
pay
eeassuredt
hatt
her
ewouldbenofi
rstuseofnucl
ear
weaponsbyI
ndi
a.ButtheUSAimposedeconomi
csanct
ionsonI
ndi
aimmediatel
y.
4.Wr
it
etheanswer
sin25t
o30wor
ds:

Quest
ion1.
Wri
teaboutPokhar
annucl
eart
est
.

Answer
:

(i
)Indiasuccessf
ull
yper
formedherfi
rstnucl
eartestatPokharaninRaj
asthanon18thMay,
1974inconsonancewiththepol
icyofusingnucl
earenergyforpeacef
ulpurposesandf
orsel
f-
suffi
ciency
.

(i
i
)ThereasonwhyIndi
atookthi
sdeci
sionwasChi
na’
snucl
earcapabi
l
ityandPaki
stan’
s
desper
ateeff
ort
stoacqui
renucl
earweaponswi
thChi
na’
shel
p.

(i
i
i)DrHomiSethna,thechai
rmanoftheI
ndi
anAtomi
cEnergyCommi
ssi
onandDrRaja
Ramanna,Di
rectoroftheBhabhaAt
omicResear
chCent
replay
edamaj
orrol
einconduct
ingt
his
nucl
eart
est.

(i
v)Pri
meMi ni
sterI
ndi
raGandhit
ookthedecisi
onofcarryi
ngouta‘nucl
earexpl
osi
on’
.
Pokharanwaschosenonthebasi
softherequir
edcri
teri
afort
helocati
onofthenucl
eart
est
s:
farawayfr
om humansett
lementandnogroundwaterreser
ve.

Quest
ion2.

Forwhi
chsect
orwasBhaskar
-1sat
ell
i
teexpect
edt
obeusef
ul?

Answer
:

(i
)Indialaunchedremotesensingexper
iment
alsat
ell
i
teBhaskar
-1f
rom t
heSovi
etUni
oni
n
1979inor dertoobser
vevariousthi
ngsonthesurf
aceoft
heEarthbyr
emotesensi
ng
technology.

(i
i
)Thisremotesensi
ngtechnol
ogywouldbeuseful
forI
ndi
a’
sdev
elopmentbyr
egar
dingwat
er
bodi
es,miner
aldeposi
tsandfor
ecast
ingweather
.

(i
ii
)Thephotogr
aphstakenwit
hthehelpoft
hist
echnol
ogyaboutt
hebowel
soft
heEar
th,
envi
ronmentandfor
estswereimpor
tant.

(
iv)Anot
herar
eai
nwhi
cht
hei
nfor
mat
ionf
rom t
hissat
ell
i
tewasusef
ulwasOceanogr
aphy
.
5.Wr
it
einbr
ief
:

Quest
ion1.
Whi
choft
heev
ery
dayser
vicesar
einf
luencedbysat
ell
i
tet
echnol
ogy
?

Answer
:

(i
)Bhaskar -
1:Indialaunchedremot esensingexper i
ment alsatel
li
teBhaskar-1f r
om theSovi
et
Unionin1979i nor dertoobser v
ev ari
ousthingsont hesur f
aceoft heEart
hbyr emotesensing
technology.Thisremot esensingt echnologywoul dbeusef ulforI
ndia’
sdev elopmentby
regardingwaterbodi es,miner
al depositsandf orecast
ingweat her.Thephotogr aphstakenwit
h
thehelpoft hi
st echnologyaboutt hebowel softheEar th,envir
onmentandf or estswere
i
mpor t
ant.Anotherar eainwhicht heinformationfrom thissatel
li
tewasusef ul was
Oceanogr aphy.In1981, ‘
Bhaskar -
2’ waslaunchedf rom SovietUnion.

(i
i)(i
fAPPLE(Ari
anePassengerPayloadExperi
ment):Thefi
rstcompletel
yindi
genousl
ybui
lt
satel
li
tebyI
SROi nIndi
a,APPLEwasl aunchedon19thJune,1981f r
om theFrenchGui
ana.
‘
APPLE’ wasbenefi
cial
inthefi
eldofeducati
on.Theobject
iveofprovi
dingemergency
tel
ecommunicati
onserviceswassuccessful
.

(i
ii)IndianNat ionalSatel
li
te(INSAT) :InAugust1983, t
hesat el
li
teINSAT1- Bwasl aunchedi n
space.Becauseoft hissatell
i
te,amaj orrevoluti
oncameabouti nthear easof
telecommuni cation,t
elevi
sion,radio,weat herforecast
ingandspacer esear chi
nIndia.Duet o
INSAT, 207Akashwani orRadi ostationscoul dbeconnect edtoeachot her.Thismechani sm
wasal sousef ulforsearchandr escueofpeopl ecaughtinsomedi sasterlikeashipwr eckoran
airplanecr ash, forf
orecasti
ngweat her ,
tolookf orandfoll
owcy cl
onesorst or
ms, i
nthef iel
ds
oft elemedicineandeducat i
onal i
nstituti
ons.Thet ele-
medicineserviceenabl edthepopulat i
on
from r emotear eastogetadv iceandt reatmentfrom expertdoctors.Publ i
cPr i
maryHeal th
Cent ersinv i
ll
ageshav ebeenconnect edwi t
hsuperspeci ali
tyhospital
st hroughINSAT.

(i
v)Satell
i
teCommuni cat
ionCentre:Inor dertoestabli
shsat ell
it
ecommuni cat
ionwi t
ht hehelp
ofanar t
if
ici
alsat
elli
te,adomesticsat ell
it
ecommuni cati
onEar thstat
ionwasest abli
shedi n
1967,atJodhpurTekr anearAhmedabad.Thi smadei teasyt otrai
nscient
istsandt echnicians
i
nsettingupandr unninganEar t
hSt ationwithinthecountry.In1970,acent rewasest ablished
atAarvinearPune,equippedforinternati
onal tel
ecommuni cat i
onservi
ce.Thet echnology
adoptedbyrail
way shasabi grol
ei nthehi storyofmoder nIndia.

Quest
ion2.
Whyi
sDr
.A.
P.J.Abdul
Kal
am cal
l
edast
he‘
Missi
l
eMan’
?

Answer
:
(i)I
n1958,DefenceResear chandDevelopmentOrganisat
ion(DRDO)wasest abl
ishedundert he
DepartmentofDef enceofthegovernmentofIndi
a.Theobj ect
iveofthi
sorganisati
onwast o
makeI ndi
aself-
suffici
entwit
hrespectt
omeans, equipmentandweaponsr equir
edf ordefence.
Af t
er1983,t
hisorganisati
ondevel
opedsev er
almissi
lesundertheleadershi
pofDr .A.P.J.Abdul
Kalam.DrKalam hasmadeagr eatcontri
buti
onintheproducti
onofmi ssil
es.DrKalam is
knownast hefatherofIndia’
smissi
leprogramme.Hei salsorefer
redtoast he‘Missil
eMan’ of
India.

(i
i
)Integr
atedGui
dedMissi
leDevel
opmentPr ogramme( I
GMDP)wasconceiv
edbyandcar
ri
ed
outunderthel
eader
shi
pofDrA.P.J.AbdulKalam.DefenceResear
chandDevel
opment
organi
sati
on(DRDO)under
tookt
het askofbuil
dingt
hemi ssi
l
es.

Quest
ion3.
Howcanonehav
ecomput
eri
zedr
eser
vat
iondonef
orr
ail
wayt
rav
el?

Answer
:

(i
)Therei
sasitecall
edIRCTCforonl
inerail
waybookings.Oni
t’
ssite,
signupopti
onisgi
v en
thr
oughwhichLoginIdandPasswordiscreatedforI
RCTCaccount.Onemustlogi
nwiththisI
D
andpasswordforbooki
ngrail
wayti
cket.Acaptchaimageneedstobef i
ll
edt
oensurethe
accounti
snotbeingmisused.

(i
i
)Tot heleftofthepageonthesit
e,acolumnisgiventoentert
hedesti
nati
onandboar ding
point,
alongwiththedateonwhichthejourneyi
ssupposedtobemade.Af t
erfi
l
li
ngt hi
s,theli
st
oftrai
nsalongwiththeirnumber
s,bert
hsy st
em,schedul
esisshown.TheQuota,i
.e.general
,
l
adies,seni
orciti
zenneedstobefil
ledhere.

(i
ii
)Her
e,i
fthel
adi
esquotai
sselect
ed,t
hebert
hisbookedi
nthecompart
mentreser
ved
excl
usi
vel
yforl
adi
es.I
fseni
orci
ti
zenquotai
sselect
ed,
exempti
onint
rav
elfeesi
sgiven.

(i
v)Aft
erthi
s,ber
thpr
efer
encesi.
e.sleeper,
secondseati
ngist
obesel
ect
edtobooktheticket
s.
Uponwhich,anewwindowopensf orfi
ll
ingthedet
ail
sli
kenameoft
hepassenger
,age,
etc.A
capt
chaimageneedstobefil
ledagaintoconfir
m booki
ng.

(v)Thegatewaytoonli
nepay mentopensupwhi chisdonet
hroughDebitCar
dorInt
ernet
Banking,
whicheveri
seasierforthepersonbookingit
.Amessageofconfi
rmati
onandemail
is
recei
vedtothepersonbookingitforhi
s/herdet
ail.

Quest
ion4.
Wri
tet
hekeyf
eat
uresoft
heKonkanRai
l
way
.

Answer
:

(
i)TheKonkanRai
l
wayst
art
edi
n1998.
(
ii
)Therearesev
eral
recordsoftechnol
ogytothecr
edi
tofKonkanRail
waywhichst
ret
chesover
t
hefourstat
esofMaharashtr
a,Goa,Karnat
akaandKer
alaoveradi
stanceof760ki
l
ometres.

(i
i
i)Ther
eare12tunnel
sonthi
strack.The6.
5km tunnel
atKar
budei
sthel
ongestt
unnel
.Ther
e
are179bigand1819smal
lbri
dgesont hi
str
ack.

(i
v)Outoft
hese,t
he2065.
8m longbridgeonRi
verSharavat
inearHonnawari
sthebi
ggest
,i.
e.
The64m tal
lbri
dgeonRiv
erPanvalnearRat
nagi
rii
sIndia’
stal
lestbr
idge.

(
v)Forav
oidingacci
dent
sont
rackst
hatar
epr
onet
olandsl
i
des,
ther
ear
esensor
sfi
tt
edt
othe
r
ail
wayengines.

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