A REPORT ON ENERGY PERFORMANCE

ANALYSIS & THE STATE OF ENERGY

EFFICIENCY IN MALE SILVER HOSTELS

BY OSOBA EYITAYO GEORGE WITH

MATRIC NO. 2020/9619

OF THE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING

TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

SUBMITTED TO DR.FAREMI

JANUARY 2023
 DISCLAIMER

Every figure stated in this report is not an assumed figure. It was properly and carefully
generated by Osoba Eyitayo within the premises of Bells University Of Technology. Male Silver
Hostels are real buildings and the questionares contains answered filled by real students of the
school. The names of the students are not to be mentioned in the questionaries in order to keep
anonymity. Energy values were gotten from a small sample space, so overall values may not be
the same or may not apply to other hostels or the rest of the same hostel.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.4 AIM OF THE STUDY

1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.8 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHAPTER 2: LITERATIRE REVIEW

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1 DATA COLLECTION PROCESS AND TECHNIQUE

3.2 LOCATION

CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION AND REFERENCING

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Energy is the ability to do work. Energy exists in every object, living and non-living. It
also exists in different forms: chemical, electrical etc. The main focus is electrical energy
supplied to buildings. Electricity is the main energy source consumed whereby our daily
activities are predominantly and increasingly dependent on it (Theam Foo Ng et al., 2017). In
Nigeria, the most used form of energy is non-renewable. Grid-connected electrical supply is
unstable in many regions of Nigeria (as it is in other underdeveloped nations throughout the
world), and is frequently unavailable in the most distant rural areas (Nwanya & Ekechukwu,
2013). Alternative fossil fuel forms of energy generation are too expensive in certain places.
Most of our energy is gotten from natural gas. Although other forms of energy are slowly being
incorporated into the country's economy, the rate at which its being done is very slow compared
to other top African countries. Energy in this part of the world is distributed to buildings using
overhead power cables which carry 230V, 60Hz of electricity (Adewale Oluseyi AdunOla,
2014). For a building to be considered habitable, it must meet different requirements. One of
these requirements is provision of electricity. No matter the building size or location, electricity
is a vital requirement for a building to be considered habitable. In a factory, electricity is needed
to improve production efficiency. In residential buildings, electricity is needed to improve the
quality of living by efficiently running building services that makes life comfortable. This
applies in all types of buildings. Energy, when used correctly, improves EFFICIENCY.

Hostel structures, like other buildings, require a lot of energy. According to the
International Energy Agency, the construction industry accounts for over 40% of total world
energy use. Energy is generally utilized in hostel buildings for heating, cooling, lighting, and hot
water. This efficiency of late has been questioned in the male silver hostels at the Bells
University of Technology, Ota. There have been complaints apparently to the school authorities
about this recent decline in energy performance. I, after careful research and batches of surveys
carried out in the different silver hostels, figures that prove this decline have been gathered. This
report will bring to light the proof that there is decline in the overall efficiency of energy
dissipation within these hostels

Since documents that reveal where faults and misbehaviors that causes the decrease in
efficiency are going to be available, apparent solutions can be generated from these documents
which will then give room for improvement of energy performance in the various hostels.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

The study's goal is to assess the existing energy performance of hostel buildings and find
areas for improvement. The Energy Audit procedure focuses on the total energy consumption in
the building; however, optimum energy management strategies increase energy savings when
performed with exact measurement and confirmed techniques (Auditing and Analysis of Energy
Consumption of a  Hostel Building, 2020). The project will focus on energy consumption trends in
hostel buildings and will examine the energy performance of a sample of hostel buildings using
data gathering, benchmarking, and energy modeling methodologies. The study will look at how
much energy is used for heating, cooling, lighting, and hot water. The research findings will be
used to produce suggestions for increasing the energy performance of hostel buildings, as well as
a road map for implementing energy-efficient solutions. The ultimate objective of the research is
to lower the environmental effect and operational costs of hostel buildings while also improving
resident comfort.

1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

After careful consideration, 5 questions that will aid the overall quality and outcome of
this report were generated. They are:

1. How do energy-saving appliances and lights affect the overall energy

performance of hostel buildings?
2. What are the most prevalent energy consumption sources in hostel buildings, and
how may they be reduced?
 3. What are the most effective methods for monitoring and evaluating energy use in
hostels?
4. How may hostel occupants' behavior and behaviors affect the building's energy
performance?
5. What solutions may be used to increase the energy efficiency of existing hostel
building

1.4 AIM OF THE STUDY

The aims of this study include:

 Using the generated documents to improve the energy efficiency in buildings methods
 Analysis of the energy consumption in male silver hostels
 Finding suitable ways of implementing good energy saving practices

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This report on energy performance evaluation report will give an extensive information
on the hostels’ energy efficiency. It can detect areas of energy waste and make recommendations
for methods to minimize energy use and expenditures. The report may also be used to monitor
the evolution of energy efficiency gains over time. An energy performance evaluation study is
important because it may help the school save money on energy bills, minimize their
environmental impact, and satisfy government rules and regulations.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The various scope that this study plans to achieve include:

 A summary of the energy usage and expenditures for the hostels

 An examination of the energy-consuming systems of the building or facility, such
as heating, cooling, lighting, and ventilation.
 Identifying places where energy is wasted or where energy efficiency solutions
might be implemented
 Energy efficiency recommendations that might be applied to minimize energy use
 and expenses
 Estimated energy savings and financial advantages from applying the suggested
steps
 An evaluation of the building's or facility's adherence to applicable energy codes
and regulations.

1.6 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

Ampere: The unit for measuring electric current

Amplitude: The maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position
of equilibrium

Bar Chart: a diagram in which the numerical values of variables are represented by the
height or length of lines or rectangles of equal width:

Database: a structured set of data held in a computer, especially one that is accessible in
various ways.

Data Structure: A data structure is a specialized format for organizing, processing,

retrieving and storing data. There are several basic and advanced types of data
structures, all designed to arrange data to suit a specific purpose.

Demand reduction is a change in consumer behaviour to reduce the amount of energy

consumed, for example through switching off lights when they are not needed.

Distributed generation (also called embedded generation) comes from electricity

generators which are connected to the distribution network close to load/centres of
demand. It includes co-generation units, back-up generation or renewable energy
generators, including residential solar. Distributed generation in the demand side
participation context can be located on consumer premises that may or may not be
connected to a distribution network. It excludes standalone and scheduled generators and
generation which are connected to the transmission network.

Frequency: the rate at which something occurs over a particular period of time or in a
given sample:

Hertz: the SI unit of frequency, equal to one cycle per second

Voltage: an electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts:

 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 THE NEED FOR ENERGY PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

The need for energy in buildings is a key factor in providing comfort. A comfortable
building improves human efficiency and productivity. Regardless of building type, room
temperature affects inhabitants' performance, emotion, and general well-being. In hospitals, for
example, comfort promotes faster healing. Employee productivity in office buildings rises when
the temperature is well-controlled. Summer heat can have a detrimental impact on student
performance, particularly test results, in schools. Students can concentrate better when the
temperature in the classroom is between 65- and 75-degrees Fahrenheit. Ideal room temperatures
may be maintained by adopting correct insulation, daylighting, and natural shading methods in
thermal-efficient building design (HMC Architects, 2019). Energy performance analysis allows
for discovery of the problems hindering this comfort and then providing adequate solutions.

Due to the ever-growing and never-ending need for energy in Nigeria, conservation is
highly required in this modern times. Although more power plants are being built, crude oil
which is used to power most of these companies in Nigeria. Crude is a non-renewable source of
energy i.e., when used, it cannot be recovered until reproduced, which is also environmentally
hazardous. Energy performance analysis
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 LOCATION

The specimens used for this research are Male Silver1, Silver2, and Silver3 hostels.
Unlike Silver 2 and 3, Silver 1 is located at the top half of the school. Although they are located
at different parts of the school, they share the same power grid. This might make the survey have
identical responses, unless the factors that make them different are unique and are different from
each hostel. For example, if more electric kettles and other appliances that covert electrical
energy to heat energy are found in Silver 1, the total energy used by Silver 1 will be more than
silver 2 and 3.

3.2 DATA COLLECTION METHOD AND DATA ANALYSIS

A survey was carried out in the Male Silver hostels (Silver 1,2 and 3). Atotal of 30
students were involved in this survey. Questionares were given to the students in their respective
hostels. After the questionares were filled, the data was typed into Microsoft Excel. This data
contained their sex, age range, department etc. After the data had been transferred to excel, IBM
SPSS23 was used to generate the charts and also the different tables that are shown in this report.
Microsoft Excel is the most popular spreadsheet application on the market and a crucial tool for
organizing, manipulating, and analyzing all types of data. While Excel's major strength is in
organizing massive amounts of data, it also has important functions for manipulating,
interpreting, and presenting data in a clear and visual manner. Simply utilize its extensive library
of formulae and computations to transform your data into a variety of charts, graphs, and data
analysis visualizations in the blink of an eye. This makes it an ideal partner for corporations,
researchers, and organizations all around the world(Joe Wainer, 2023).

Microsoft Excel can be used for different purposes:

 Data storage and management - Excel's columns and rows of cells make it the
ideal tool for entering, editing, and organizing various types of information.
  Data analysis - Excel comes with a plethora of features that allow you to execute
both simple and complicated mathematical operations, such as sums, averages,
and statistical measurements.
 Data visualization - One of the most intriguing aspects of Excel is its ability to
generate charts and visualizations from any recorded data. This is incredibly
useful for visualizing reports and communicating them in an understandable
fashion.
 Financial analysis - Excel streamlines corporate activities such as budgeting and
forecasting financial results.
 Project management - Excel's ability to produce Gantt charts in seconds allows
you to keep track of any project, task, or event.

SPSS23, also being used in this report, is a popular statistical analysis application in
social science. Market researchers, health researchers, survey firms, government, education
researchers, marketing organizations, data miners, and others utilize it as well. The original SPSS
handbook has been called one of "sociology's most significant texts" for enabling regular
researchers to do their own statistical analysis. In addition to statistical analysis, the basic
program includes data management (case selection, file reshaping, and constructing derived data)
and data documentation (a metadata dictionary is maintained in the datafile) (Argyrus G, 2005).
SPSS is a popular statistical analysis application in social science. Market researchers, health
researchers, survey firms, government, education researchers, marketing organizations, data
miners, and others utilize it as well. The original SPSS handbook has been called one of
"sociology's most significant texts" for enabling regular researchers to do their own statistical
analysis. In addition to statistical analysis, the basic program includes data management (case
selection, file reshaping, and constructing derived data) and data documentation (a metadata
dictionary is maintained in the datafile)(Bryman Alan & Cramer Duncan, 2015) .

Uses of SPSS23 includes:

 Aids in effective data management and provides control for improved data
organization. It aids in speedy data processing and provides correct
information about variables and instances. Any analysis will make it easier
 and faster to provide a relationship.
 SPSS provides more choices for data analysis via charts and graphs. The
procedures assist in screening and cleansing data for improved
interpretation.
 It is feasible to improve output arrangement using SPSS. The design is
intended to assist in the separation of all data and the presentation of final
data results. When it comes to data manipulation and decoding, SPSS is
one of the most powerful tools. Data may be transferred from any format
and used for extensive analysis.
 Data from surveys can be exported. SAV format for studying, modifying,
and puling thus provides clear and simple data. SPSS will organize all of
the supplied data into variables such as name, type, title, and label. It is
advantageous to researchers since it reduces their workload. With data
exposure to SPSS, it will provide a plethora of statistical analysis options.

Market researchers, survey businesses, health researchers, government bodies, marketing

groups, education researchers, and data miners all employ PSS. Apart from the aforementioned
user, it aids in data processing and surveying. When used with Survey Gizmo, it is an excellent
built-in tool for improved and statistical analysis. That is one of the reasons why leading firms
utilize SPSS for data mining and analysis in order to utilize the information in their research
projects. So, the next time you need a versatile and adaptable solution for a difficult data
collection, remember SPSS. It gives the researcher more time to find better trends, predictive
design models, and draw more educated conclusions (Bryman Alan & Cramer Duncan, 2015).

3.3 RESULTS

The table below shows the characteristics of the respondents of this study.
 Frequenc Percent
y Of
Total
100L 8 26.7

300L 1 3.3
400L 16 53.3

500L 5 16.7

TABLE 1

CH. 1
Majority of the participants were in between the ages of 20-23 years. All the participants
were male because the survey was carried out in the male hostel. The table below shows the
 number of appliances found in each room and the number of appliances absent in a room.

PRESSI CEILI STANDI ELECT

LAPT KETT NG BU NG RECHARGE NG RIC OTHE
OP LE IRON LB FAN ABLE FAN FAN JUG RS
Tota
l 24 9 8 30 27 2 10 1
Abse
nt 6 21 22 0 3 28 20 29

CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION AND REFERENCING