2022 20231009BC3498

FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES
SYLLABUS FOR THE BATCH

FROM THE YEAR 2022 TO YEAR 2024
PROGRAMME CODE : 2725
M.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY
(Credit Based Evaluation & Grading System)
(SEMESTER: I - IV)
Examinations: 2022–24
GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY

AMRITSAR
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M.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY (CBEGS) (SEMESTER SYSTEM)
SYLLABUS FOR THE BATCH FROM THE YEAR 2022 TO YEAR 2024
Programme Outcome: The students on completion of this course will have a complete understanding of
various basic and applied aspects of different streams of microbiology, and will enable them to be absorbed
as microbiologists in various industries like food, and fermentation, pharmaceutical industries (QC and R&D
wings), clinical and public health labs. The students can also pursue career in teaching and as scientists in
research institutes nationally and internationally.
SCHEME
SEMESTER-I
Course Mid Sem. End Sem

No. C/E/I Course Title Credit Total Credits
Marks Marks
L T P
MCL401 C General Microbiology 3 0 0 3 20 80
MCL402 C Bacteriology 3 0 0 3 20 80
MCL403 C Virology 3 0 0 3 20 80
MCL404 C Mycology and Plant Pathology 3 0 0 3 20 80
Microbial Physiology & 20 80

MCL453 C Biochemistry 3 0 0 3
MTL261 C Biostatistics 4 0 0 4 20 80
MCP421 C Microbiological Techniques-I 0 0 3 3 -------- 100
MCP422 C Microbiological Techniques-II 0 0 4.5 4.5 --------- 100
Total Credits - - - 26.5

2
SEMESTER-II
Course No. C/E/I Course Title Credit Total Mid Sem End Sem
L T P Credits Marks Marks
MCL451 C Concepts in Immunology 3 0 0 3 20 80

MCL452 C Food Microbiology 3 0 0 3 20 80
MCL405 C Microbial Genetics 3 0 0 3 20 80
MCL454 C Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering 4 0 0 4 20 80
MCL455 C Environmental Microbiology 3 0 0 3 20 80
Lab Techniques in Clinical Microbiology & ------- 100
MCP471 C Immunology 0 0 3 3
MCP472 C Applied Microbiology Lab 0 0 4.5 4.5 --------- 100
3
Semester-III
Mid End
Sem Sem
Course No. C/E/I Course Title Credit Marks Marks
L T P Total
Credits
MCL501 C Clinical & Medical Microbiology 3 0 0 3 20 80
MCL502 C Environmental Biotechnology 3 0 0 3 20 80
MCL503 C Industrial Microbiology 3 0 0 3 20 80
CSL591 C Computer Applications 3 0 0 3 20 80
MCP521 C Food Microbiology Lab 0 0 3 3 --------- 100
Environmental & Industrial Microbiology --------- 100
MCP522 C Lab 0 0 4.5 4.5
Semester-IV
Course No. C/E/I Course Title Credit Total Mid End

Credit Sem Sem
L T P s Marks Marks
MCL551 C Recent advances in Microbiology* 4 0 0 4 20 80
MCL552 C Advances in Industrial Microbiology 3 0 0 3 20 80
E Elective Course** 3 0 0 3 20 80
MCP573 Advanced Practicals in Microbiology 0 0 4.5 4.5 -------- 100
MCP571 C Research Assignment 0 0 5 5 --------- 100
MCP572 C Field Study 0 0 1 1 -------- 100
* Based on seminars to be delivered by M.Sc. IVth semester students. Since each year the chosen topics will be
different therefore no syllabus can be defined in sections. The exam of the above will be conducted internally.
** Elective courses
MCL561 Microbial fertilizers and Microbial Pesticides
MCL 562 Biochemical & Biophysical
TechniquesMCL 563 Waste Recycling
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M.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY (CBEGS) (SEMESTER-I)
MCL401: GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

Time: 3hrs Credit: 3-0-0
Total: 100 Marks
Mid Semester : 20 Marks
End Semester : 80 Marks
Mid Semester Examination: 20% weightage
End Semester Examination: 80% weightage
Instructions for the Paper Setters: Eight questions of equal marks (Specified in the syllabus)
are to be set, two in each of the four Sections (A-D). Questions may be subdivided into parts
(notexceeding four). Candidates are required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one
question from each Section. The fifth question may be attempted from any Section.
SECTION-A
Historical developments of microbiology, spontaneous generation theory, contribution of
Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Needham, Lister, Winogradasky, etc., methods for isolation
of pure culture, scope of microbiology. Brief account of organization, classification of
microorganisms. Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. Cell cycle, mitosis,
meiosis.
SECTION-B
Overview of bacterial cell structure, (size, shape, arrangement, membrane, cell wall,
cytoplasmic inclusions, mesosomes, flagella and motility, slime, capsule, pili, chemotaxis,
endospore). Bacterial genome and its organization. Brief account of fungi, structure, physiology
and classification. Brief account of viruses (bacteriophages) structure, life cycle (lytic and
lysogenic).
SECTION-C
Reproduction and Growth: Life cycles of representative microorganisms including bacteria,
fungi and viruses, population growth and its measurement, effect of environmental conditions
on growth pH, temp. aeration etc, continuous culture, diauxic, synchronous growth cultures and
an aerobic cultures. Control of microbes by physical and chemical agents. Antibiotics,
properties and mode of action; Drug resistance and its significance. Antibiotic sensitivity test.
SECTION-D
Industrial uses of bacteria, yeast & molds. Microscopy: Principles and applications in
microbiology, brightfield microscopy, darkfield microscopy, fluorescence and immuno
flourescence microscopy, phase contrast and electron (transmission and scanning) microscopy.
Staining of micro organisms.
Course Outcome: The course initiates with the definitions and various jobs that this field is to
offer. They are taught about the historical developments, the classification of microorganism,
microscopy, the structural details of bacteria fungi and viruses along with the life cycles,
culturing of aerobic and anaerobic cultures, growth rates, batch, diaxuic, and continuous culture.
The methods to control the microorganisms and brief review of the application of the
microorganisms
5
Books Recommended:
1. Stanier, R.Y. Adelberg, E.A. and Ingraham, J.L. (1984), General Microbiology, IV edn.Mac
Millan Press.
2. Pelczar, M.J. Chan, E.C.S. and Krieg, N.R. (1986), Microbiology, V Ed. McGraw Hill.
3. Prescott. L.M. Harley J.P. and L. Kreig D.A. (1990). Microbiology, WCB Publishers.
4. Rosenberg, E & Cohen I.R. (1983). Microbial Biology. H.S. International Editions
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MCL-402: BACTERIOLOGY
Credits: 3-0-0
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Instructions for the Paper Setters:
Eight questions of equal marks (Specified in the syllabus) are to be set, two in each of the four
Sections (A-D). Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are
required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one question from each Section. The fifth
question may be attempted from any Section.
SECTION-A
General characteristics of bacteria. Bacterial growth, Synchronous growth, Continuous culture
Measurement of growth, Cell division and reproduction.
SECTION-B
The Archaea and Deeply Branching Phototrophic Bacteria: Domain Archaea; Methanogens,
Thermoplasmas, Extremely Thermophilic sulphur metabolizers. Domain Bacteria;The
Deinococci and Nonproteobacteria Gram Negatives: Aquifical and Thermotogae,
Deinococcus- Thermus, Photosynthetic Bacteria: Chloroflexi, Chlorobi, and Cyanobacteria.
SECTION-C
Phyla Planctomycetes, Chlamydiae, Spirochaetes andBacteroidetes. The Proteobacteria;
α- proteobacteria, β-proteobacteria, γ- proteobacteria, δ-proteobacteria and ε- proteobacteria.
SECTION-D
The low G+C Gram Positive Bacteria: Clostridia, Mollicutes, Bacilli. The high G+C Gram
Positive Bacteria; Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Spirochetes, Fibrobacters, Bacteriodes,
Fusobacteria.
Course Outcomes: The course content of bacteriology includes study of growth, development, and
other characteristics of bacteria, including the positive and negative effects of bacteria on plants,
animals, and humans. With this background they can be employed as medical lab technicians,
microbiology technicians, clinical lab scientists, public health microbiologists to track, control, and
prevent communicable diseases and other health hazards.
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Books Recommended:
1. Holt,J.G., Krieg, N.R., Sncath, P.H.A., Atalay, J.T.. and William, S.T. (Eds) Bergey's Manual of
Determinative Bacteriology, 9th Edition (William R.Hensyl Ed)
2. Davis, B.D. Delbecco. R. Eisen, H.N. Ginsberg. H.S. and Wood, W.B. Jr. Microbiology,
Harper & Row, 2006
3. Stanier, R.Y., Ingraham, J.L. Wheelis, M.L. and Painter, P.R.. General Microbiology, Mac.
Millan Press Ltd. U.K., 2005
4. Prescot, L.M., Harley, J.P. and Klern, D.A. Microbiology 6th Edition, McGraw Hill, London
(2005).
5. Willey, J.M., Sherwood, L.M. and Woolverton, C.J. Prescott’s Microbiology 9 th Edition,
McGraw Hill Education, (2014).
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MCL-403: VIROLOGY
Credit: 3-0-0
Mid Semester Marks : 20
End Semester Marks : 80

Section-A
Historical account and development of virology. General characteristics, envelope, capsid,
nucleic acid & classifications of animal & bacterial viruses. One step growth curve of phages,
Isolation & purification of viruses. Cytopathic effects of virus infection.
Section-B
Assays of viruses, biophysical properties of viruses and point, thermal inactivation, dilution end
point, longevity in-vitro, virus culture. Chloroplast agglutination, haemagglutination,
serological & molecular based detection of viruses.
Section-C
Attachment and entry of enveloped and non-enveloped animal viruses, Replication strategies of
animal viruses, Insect Transmission of plant viruses, Role of viruses in genetic engineering.
Brief concept of viroids and prions.
Section-D
Viral diseases of plants (papaya, banana, tomato): symptoms, transmission, virus & control.
Viral diseases of animals (Ranikhet disease of poultry farm, foot & mouth disease of cattle, bird
flu & SARS). Clinical symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnosis and control of viral diseases in
humans (Influenza, hepatitis, polio, Zika, Dengue, AIDS)
Course Outcomes:- After the completion of this course students will become familiar with
the structure, replication and different methods for isolation and cultivation of viruses, gain
knowledge about the different methods of assay of viruses, and will be able to describe various
diseases of plants, animals and humans caused by viruses.
Books Recommended:
1. Cann, Allanj. 1997. Principles of Molecular Virology, Academic Press London.
2. Mathews REF 1998. Plant Virology, Academic Press, London.
3. Viruses & Mycoplame diseases in India, Raychandri, S.P. & Nariani, T.R.
1994.Malhotra Publishing House. New Delhi.
4. N. Dimmock, A. Earton and K. Leppard : Introduction to Modern Virology,
BlackwellPublishing (2007)
5. E.K. Wagner and M.J. Hewlet. Basic virology (2nd Edn) Blackwell publishing (2004)
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MCL404: MYCOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY

Total: 100 Mark
Instructions for the Paper Setters
Sections (A-D). Questions may be subdivided into parts (notexceeding four). Candidates are
required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one questionfrom each Section. The fifth
SECTION-A
Introduction, history, thallus organization, cell structure, Mode of nutrition, nutrient
requirements of fungi, sexual (methods of plasmogamy) and asexual reproduction, fungal
hormones, heterothallism, parasexuality in fungi.
SECTION-B
Brief account of systems of classification. Distinguishing characters and general life cycles of
Oomycota (Saprolegniales), Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota (Mucorales), Ascomycota
(development of ascus; ascocarps), Basidiomycot. Origin and Phylogeny of fungi.
SECTION-C
Fungal diseases of plants: Symptoms, transmission and control measures (biological, chemical,
regulatory,physical). Rust and loose smut of wheat, red rot of sugarcane, late blight of potato,
ergot of rye. Physiological responses of plants to pathogen: effect on respiration, photosynthesis,
translocation of nutrients and water.
SECTION-D
Economic importance of fungi: Role of fungi in biodegradation, biodeterioration, medicine, food
industry, enzyme production, biological control & mushroom production.
Fungi as symbionts: Mycorrhizal associations-ectomycorrhiza, endomycorrhiza & ectendotrophic
mycorrhiza; Lichens: thallus organization, economic importance.
Course Outcomes:- Course content includes general characters , life cycles of different phyla of
fungi, economic importance and relationships of fungi with other organisms. Role of fungi as
causative agents of plant diseases and important diseases are also taught. It would be helpful in
their employability in teaching, research and industry.
10
Books Recommended:
1. Alexopolous, C.J. and Mims, C.W., Blackwell, M (1996). Introductory mycology. IV
edn., John Wiley and Sons inc., New York.
2. Mehrotra, R.S. and K.R. Aneja. (2015).An introduction to Mycology. New Age
International publishers.
3. Agriose, G.N. 2005, Plant Pathology,5th edition Publisher: Academic Press.
4. Carlile, M.J. Watkinson, S.C. and Gooday, G.W. (2001) The Fungi. Publisher: Academic
Press.
5. Singh, R.S. ( 2009) Plant diseases. Oxford and IBH publishing company, New Delhi.
6. Moore and Landecker. (1972) Fundamentals of the fungi . Publisher: Prentice Hall
11
MCL453: MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

Total: 100 Marks
Instructions for the Paper Setters: Eight questions of equal marks (Specified in the syllabus)
are to be set, two in each of the four Sections (A-D). Questions may be subdivided into parts (not
exceeding four). Candidates are required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one question
from each Section. The fifth question may be attempted from any Section.
SECTION-A
Scope of studies on physiology and metabolism of microorganisms. Differences in level of
organization of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, Biochemical components of microbial cell,
Structure and function of different organelles ( cell wall, cell membrane, capsule, flagella,
pili/fimbriae, mitochondria, chloroplast, inclusion bodies, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic
reticulum etc.).
SECTION-B
Modes of nutrition, classification of microorganisms on the basis of energy and carbon source
requirements. Role of vitamins and growth factors. Growth of microorganisms, phases of
growth, parameters for measuring growth. Factors (pH, temperature, availability of oxygen and
osmolarity of medium) affecting growth of microorganisms. Brief account of cell division in
Gm-ve and Gm+ve cocci/rods, Resting forms in microorganisms, Endospore formation and its
regeneration, salient genetic and biochemical events involved in endospore formation.
SECTION-C
Bioenergetics, basic concepts, redox pairs in energy productions, substrate level, oxidative and
photo phosphorylations, chemiosmosis and components of ETC. Intermediary metabolism of
carbohydrates (Important pathways for breakdown of glucose), formation of precursors and
reducing power. Nitrogen assimilation and Control od glutamine synthetase, Nitrogen fixation;
components involved and their interaction with general nitrogen regulation (Ntr system)
Biosynthesis of cell wall, nucleotides and amino acids. General account of control of branched
anabolic pathways
SECTION-D
Groups of microorganism with C1 metaboilc systems, General properties of Archaebacteria,
Salient features and differences from eubacteria and eukaryotes. Brief account of physiology of
thermophiles, halophiles and methanogens. Methanogenesis
Course Outcomes:- The content of this course is designed to provide basic insights into the organization
of the microbial cells. The role of different forms in their survival and functional attributes wither
beneficial to human or harmful. The knowledge imparted provide an understanding to develop strategies
either to enhance the activity of beneficial microbes and control the harmful microbes
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Books Recommended:
1. Conn E.E. & Stumpf, P.K. (1988), Outline of Biochemistry John Wiley & Sons.
2. Gottschalk, E. (2006). Microbial Metabolism Springer Verlag.
3. Moat, A. and Foster, J.W. 2006 Microbial Physiology. 4th edition, Wiley-Liss.
4. Edwards, Clive, 1990. Microbiology of Extreme Environments. McGraw Publishing. Co.
13
MTL-261 BIOSTATISTICS
Credits: 4-0-0

Eight questions of equal marks (Specified in the syllabus) are to be set, two in each of the four Sections
(A-D). Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are required to attempt
five questions, selecting at least one question from each Section. The fifth question may be attempted
from any Section.
Note:- The scope of this paper is restricted only to the applications of various statistical techniques.
The mathematical derivations of various results are excluded.
Section-A
Statistical Methods — Collection of data, Frequency distribution and, Measures of Central Tendency,
Dispersion.
Correlation and Regression — Relationship between variables, Covariance, Karl-Pearson's Correlation
Coefficient, Spearman's rank Correlation Coefficient, Least square technique for regression lines (without
proof), Regression Coefficients, Relationship between Correlation analysis and Regression Analysis.
Section-B
Probability — Mathematical definition of probability of an event, Use of permutations and combinations
in calculations of Probability, Conditional probability, Additive and Multiplication law of Probability,
Random Variables and its pmf, pdf, cdf, Mathematical expectation and variances, Theoretical
Distributions: Binomial, Poisson and normal, Properties of these distributions (applications only).
Section-C
Hypothesis Testing — Sample, Population, Statistics and Parameters, Null Hypothesis, Level of
significance, Definitions of Chi–square, ‘t’ and ‘F’ variates and their pdfs only, Applications of these
distributions in testing of hypothesis.
Section-D
Large Sample Test- Testing of significance of proportion in single population, Testing of equality of
proportions in two populations, Testing of significance of mean in single population, Testing of equality
of means in two populations.
Analysis of Variance — Meaning of analysis variance with linear models, Analysis of variance for one-
way classified data, Analysis of variance for two-way classified data with one observation for cell.
Course Outcome:
The subject of mathematics in biosciences usually deals with two different types of calculus called
“Differential Calculus” and “Integral Calculus”. The objective of the present course is to acquaint the
readers with different mathematical models extensively used in a variety of disciplines of biosciences. The
discipline of “Differential Calculus” provides applications towards computations involving velocity and
acceleration, the slope of a curve, and optimization whereas the discipline of “Integral Calculus” delivers
applications towards computations involving area, volume, arc length, center of mass, work, and pressure
etc. The present course applicable to a variety of real life disciplines will be useful to all the students and
researchers from various quarters of all sciences
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Text Books
1. Fowler, J., Cohen, L. and Jarvis, P. (1998). Practical Statistics for Field Biology. John Wiley
and Sons, 2nd ed. [Chapters: 4,5,6,7,(7.1–7.6), 9 (9.1–9.4), 12 (12.1–12.7), 13 (13.1–13.4,
13.6,13.7), 14 (14.1–14.5, 14.7), 15 (15.3–15.8, 15.10–15.11), 16 (16.9–16.13), 17 (17–.1–
17.3, 17.5,17.6,17.8)].
2. Raghavarao, D. (1983). Statistical Techniques in Agricultural and Biological Research Oxford
and IBH Publishing Co. [Chapters: 2,3,4,5,7,8,9 and 10].
Reference Books:
1. Bland, M. (2006). An Introduction to Medical Statistics. Oxford University Press, 3rd ed.
2. Finney, D.J. (1980). Statistics for Biologists. Chapman and Hall Ltd.
3. Hoel, P.G. (1971). Elementary Statisitics. John Wiley and Sons, 3rd ed.
4. Ross, S.M. (2005). Introductory Statistics. Academic Press, 2nd ed.
5. Wayne, W, Daniel (1999). Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in Health Sciences. John
Wiley and Sons, 7th ed.
6. Woodworth, G. (2004). Biostatistics: A Bayesian Introduction. John Wiley and Sons.
15
MCP421 MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES-I (LAB)
CREDITS : 3
1. The general microbiological instruments used in laboratory.

2. Microscopy.
3. Staining Techniques (Simple, Gram’s, Spore, Capsule, Acid fast, Flagella).
4. Media preparation, sterilization and inoculation.
5. Total cell count by haemocytometer.
6. Determination of cell size of different microorganisms.
7. Determination of cell count by SPC method and DMC method.
8. Microbiological Quality of Water.
9. To isolate fungi and yeast from various sources and study their morphology.
10. To study the pathology of various plant diseases.
11. To study the permanent slides and specimens of fungi.
12. Measurement of fungal growth by linear determination.
13. Measurement of fungal growth by weight determination.
Course outcome: At the completion of the course the students will become familiar with various
tools, techniques (staining etc.) and methods common to microbiology. The students will also be
trained to isolate fungi from different sources and identify them .
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MCP422 MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES-II (LAB)
CREDITS : 4.5
1. Isolation and enumeration of bacteria from soil by serial dilution agar plating method.
2. Isolation and enumeration of actinomycetes from soil.
3. Morphological and cultural characterization of bacteria and actinomycetes.
4. To perform various physiological tests of bacteria: Acid and gas production from sugars,
gelatin liquefaction, starch hydrolysis, casein hydrolysis, nitrate reduction, indole production,
H2S production, methyl red test, Voges Proskauer test, citrate utilization, catalase activity,
urea activity, oxidase activity.
5. Symptoms of virus infected plants.
6. To study Biophysical properties of plant virus.
7. Demonstration of virus isolation.
8. Phage isolation from sewerage water.
9. Indication of plant virus infection.
10. UV spectrophotometer of purified/semi purified virus preparation.
11. Agarose Gel electrophoresis.
12. SDS- PAGE electrophoresis.
13. Estimation of Protein in virus infected & normal plants.
Course outcome: The course content will enable the students to identify and differentiate
different groups of bacteria using biochemical tests. They will also be familiarized with various
techniques for isolation and determination of viruses in different samples.
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M.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY (CBEGS) (SEMESTER-II)
MCL-451: CONCEPTS IN IMMUNOLOGY

Credits: 3-0-0

SECTION-A
Types of immunity: innate and acquired. Acute-phase response and its mechanism. Types and
properties of immune cells, heterogeneity of lymphoid cells, T-cell subsets and surface markers,
TCR, BCR, Null cells, Monocytes.
SECTION-B
Primary and secondary lymphoid organs-Thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymphatic system,
mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), lymphocyte traffic. Characteristic properties of
antigens, adjuvants, T-dependent and T-independent antigens, recognition of antigens by T-cell
and role of MHC.
SECTION-C
Antigen-antibody interactions, affinity and avidity, high and low affinity antibodies,
immunoglobulins, classes and structure, complement fixing antibodies. Various types of
immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic procedure, Immunoblot, ELISA, RIA,
agglutination of pathogenic bacteria, hemaglutination and hemeagglutination inhibition.
SECTION-D
Complement cascade. Types of hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmune disorders, their
underlying molecular mechanism, etiology, diagnostic, prognostic and prophylactic aspects.
Books Recommended:
1. Kuby, J. (1992), Immunology, W.H. Freeeman, USA.
2. Paul, W.E (1991), Immunology: Recognition and Respones W.H. Freeman, New York.
3. Playfair, J.H.L. (1992), Immunology at a Glance (5th Ed), Blackwell Scientific
publication,Oxford.
4. Roitt IM, Brostoff J, Male DK (2001) Immunology, Mosby Inc, UK.
5. Janeway CA, Trevors P, Walport M, Schlomhick M (2001), Immuno Biology. The
Immune System in Health and Disease, 5th Edition, Garland Publication, USA
Course Outcomes:- After the completion of this course students will gain understanding about
the different types of immune responses and various primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
The course content will also provide an insight into antigen antibody reactions and methods to
detect them. The students will also become familiar with hypersensitivity reactions and their
prophylactic measures.
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MCL 452: FOOD MICROBIOLOGY

Credits: 3-0-0

SECTION-A
Food as nutrient for micro-organisms. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors of food affecting the
growth of micro-organisms. Causes of food spoilage: Microbiological and food enzymes,
General principles of food preservation.
SECTION-B
Micro-organisms (yeast, bacterial and molds) important in food microbiology. Concept of
probiotics. Processing and spoilage of fermented food products: vegetables and fruits
(sauerkraut, pickles, wine, cider);
SECTION-C
Processing and spoilage of fermented food products: Cereal products (Soya sauce, miso,
tempeh. Idli, dosa, bread); Milk and milk products: Cheese, yogurt, kefir, koumiss, fermented
milks. FSSAI-brief introduction and food safety and standard regulation, 2011 (licensing and
registration of food businesses, General Hygienic and Sanitary practices to be followed by
Food Business Operators, packaging and labelling).
SECTION-D
Microbiology quality control - Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP). Sampling
plan. Methods for microbiological examination of foods (direct examination, cultural
techniques), enumeration methods. Alternate indirect methods (dye reduction, electrical, ATP),
rapid methods for detection of specific organisms and toxins (immunological/molecular
methods). cleaning-in-place (CIP) in food industry.
Course Outcomes: The course imparts the information about the role of microorganisms in
spoilage of food and effective ways for controlling this. The significance of microbial activity
in production of fermented foods, dairy products and the quality control to match the
international specifications are other learning outputs of this prescribed syllabus
Books Recommended:
1. Banwart, G.J. 1989, Basic Good Microbiology. 2ndEdition. Van Nostrand Reinnold.
2. Frazier, W.C. and Westener, D.C., 1988. Food Microbiology. 5th edition. McGraw HillInc., New York.
3.Jay, J.M., Loessner M.J. and Golden D.A.1986. Modern Food Microbiology 7th Edition,
Springer, New York, U.S.A.
4.Hayes P.R. (1992). Food microbiology and hygiene. Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd.,England.
5. Blackburn, C.W. 2006, Food Spoilage micro-organisms, CHIPS, New York, USA.
6. Doyle. M.P., Beuchat, L.R, Montville, T.J. 2001, Food Microbiology Fundamentals and
Frontiers. 2nd Edition, ASM press, USA.
7.Blackburn, C.W. and McClure, P.J. 2002, Food borne pathogens hazards risk analysis and
control. Wood Head Publishing, U.K.
8. Brown, M., 2002, Microbiological risk assessment in food processing, Wood Head Publishing, U.K.
9. http://fda.up.nic.in/2011.htm
19
MCL-405: MICROBIAL GENETICS

Credits: 3-0-0
Total: 100 Marks
Eight questions of equal marks (Specified in the syllabus) are to be set, two in each of the
four Sections (A-D). Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four).
Candidates are required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one question from each
Section. The fifth question may be attempted from any Section.
SECTION-A
Organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome: Chromatin and chromosomes,
nucleosomes. Basic concept of epigenetics and its significance, Generalized recombination:
Molecular mechanism and proteins involved in recombination
SECTION -B
Mutants and their role in microbial genetics, types of mutants, fluctuation test, genetic
analysis with mutants and gene mapping, linkage and multifactor crosses and
complementation, Reversion and suppression. Transposable elements: types and mechanism
of transposition, significance. Phage Mu.
SECTION -C
Transformation: competence factors and DNA uptake, significance. Transduction:
generalised and specialized transduction, and their mechanism. Phage λ: gene organization,
lytic and lysogenic phase.
SECTION -D
Conjugation: F-factor , Hfr strain and interrupted mating Bacterial plasmids; types,
control ofcopy number and incompatibility, fertility factors, Resistance factor
Course Outcomes: This course relates to genetic analysis and phenomenon which help to
understand the arrangement of genes and their specific functions. The learning outcome is
knowledge about the genetic organization of this information which could be exploited to
harness the potential of microbes in diverse fields of applications/research
Books Recommended:
 Friefelder, D., Maloy, S.R. and Cronan, J.E. 1994. Microbial Genetics, IInd Edition.
Jonesand Barlett Publishers.
 Genes IX, Lewin, Benjamin 2007, CBS Publishers and Distributors
 Malacinski, G.M. & Friefelder, D. 1993. Essentials of Molecular Biology, IInd
Edition.Jones and Bartleet Publishers.
 Synder, L. and Champness W. 1997. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, ASM Press.
 Stent G.S. & Calender, R. 1986. Molecular Genetics 2nd Edition, CDS Publishers.
20
MCL-454: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETIC ENGINEERING
Credits: 4-0-0

SECTION-A
Nucleic Acids: Structure and functions of DNA, denaturation and renaturation of DNA
(melting curve and Tm value of DNA); Isolation and sequencing of DNA; Replication of DNA
: De novo replication, topoisomerases, helicase, DNA polymerases, nick translation,
discontinuous replication (Okazaki fragments), primase, covalent extension mode of
replication, bidirectional replication.
SECTION-B
Transcription: Transcription signals, promoters, open promoter complex, intrinsic and Rho-
dependent terminators, RNA polymerases; types of RNA molecules and their role in gene
expression; Translation: components involved, t-RNA as adapter, genetic code and its salient
features, Wobble hypothesis, overlapping genes, polyribosomes.
SECTION-C
Regulation of Gene Activity: Transcriptional regulation, positive and negative regulation,
inducibleand repressible operon, lac operon, trp operon and attenuation, auto regulation, post
transcriptional control, Feedback inhibition and allosteric control.
SECTION-D
Molecular cloning; techniques and their importance, cloning vectors; properties and uses,
selection and characterization of clones, gene probes, labeling. PCR; principle, types and role
in molecular biology Bioinformatics ; proteomics and genomics studies and their significance.
Course Outcomes:- Course contents include the study of macromolecules essential to

life and manipulation of genetic material to create useful products. Develops the
skills to understand how genetic, genomic and microbial techniques are
combined to produce products and treatments in industrial, medical and agricultural settings.
Genetic engineering is most innovative and beneficial sciences today. Molecular biologists
and genetic engineers can find employment in pharmaceutical and medical industries,
agricultural and food processing industries, teaching & academics and research.
21
Books Recommended:
1. Friefelder, D. 1987. Microbial Genetics. Narosa Publication.

2. Friefelder, D., Maloy, S.R. and Cronana, J.E. 1994, Microbial Genetics, IInd edition,
Jones and Barlett Publishers.
3. Malacinski, G.M. & Friefelder, D. 1993. Essentials of Molecular Biology, IInd
Edition. Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
4. Synder, L. and Champness, W., 1997. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, ASM Press.
5. Primrose, S.B. Twyman, R.M. and Old, R.W., 2001. Principles of gene manipulation,
Sixth edition, Blackwell Science Ltd., UK.
22
MCL-455: ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Credits: 3-0-0
Total: 100 Marks

SECTION-A
Define the concept of Environment, Microenvironment, Microbial Ecology and Biosphere.
Enumeration and estimation of microbial biomass. Sample collection and handling.
The significance of cell number methods for enumerating microbes, biomass and activities,
viable cell count procedures, biochemical and molecular based approaches for measurement of
microbial biomass/activity.
SECTION-B
Air microbiology: Atmospheric layers and their microflora. Sources of microorganisms in the
air, concept of air sampling and enumerating the air microflora. Microorganisms as Air
pollutants. Significance of air microbiology.
Soil microbiology: Soil Composition and Microorganisms in Soils. Rhizosphere and

rhizospheric effect. Microbial mobilization and immobilization of carbon within the biosphere.
The nitrogen cycle: general aspects of nitrogen cycling. Ammonification and ammonia
assimilation, nitrification, nitrate reduction and nitrogen fixation. The phosphorus cycle.
SECTION-C
Microbiology of water: forms of water, aquatic environment, physico-chemical conditions in
aquatic environment, substrate for microbial growth. Abundance, distribution and survival of
microorganisms in different layers of water. Purification of waste waters and communal sewage
by aerobic processes. Activated sludge process, Trickling filter process, Rotating Biological
Contactors, lagoon process. Purification of waste waters by anaerobic processing
SECTION-D
General concept of Microbial Interactions: positive, negative and neutral interactions:
Parasitism: ecto and endo parasitism, concept of hyperparasitism, Temperate bacteriophage,
Predation, Neutralism, Commensalism, Amensalism, Competition, Mutualism and Symbiosis.
Course Outcome: The course provides insights into the ecology and the role of
microorganisms in water, soil and air ecosystems. The account of the salient microbial
activities, interactions and their significance in maintaining the balance of nutrients and
elements is part of the course contents. The exploitation of microorganisms in treatment of
waste water is also taught to the students
23
Books Recommended:
1. Microbial Ecology Fundamentals and applications, Atlas. R.M. and Bartha, M.(1981). Addison-Wesley,
Philippines.
2. Principles of Microbial Ecology: Brock, T.D. (1966). Prentice hall, USA.
3. Environmental Microbiology, Grant, W.D. and Long P.E. (1981). Blackie, London.
4. Microbial Ecology, Campbell, R. (1977). Blackwell Scientific, London.
5. Sodhi, G. S. (2005). Fundamental concepts in environment chemistry. Narosa PublishingHouse
Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
24
MCP471 Lab Techniques in Clinical Microbiology & Immunology

Credits : 3
1. Preparation of some medically important media viz. Muller-Hinton agar, Blood agar,
Hektoen agar, Mannitol Salt agar etc.
2. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby Bauer method.
3. Determination of MIC and MBC of antibiotics
4. Demonstration of alpha, beta and gamma haemolysis in Streptococcus, Staphylococcus.
5. Demonstration of some serological reactions, Widal agglutination test.
6. Estimation of Total and differential lymphocyte count.
7. Isolation of blood monocytes by using density gradient centrifugation
8. Immunoelectrophoresis
9. Immunodiffusion
10. PCR based detection of pathogens
11. Flow cytometeric analysis of immune cells
12. Estimation of blood sugar
13. Lipid profile studies
14. Estimation of creatinine
15. Urine culture for UTI infections
16. Malaria, HIV, HCV detection
17. ELISA
Course Outcomes: The practical exercises train the students to carry out different diagnostic tests
for identifying the symptoms of diseases. The hands on training of students for some techniques
and demonstration of advanced protocols will make them competent for future employment and
higher studies
25
MCP472 APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LAB
Credits : 4.5
1. Enumeration and screening of industrially important bacteria fungi, actinomycetes from different ecosystems.
2. To study the effect of different sugar and NaCl concentration on yeast growth.
3. Effect of different temperatures on yeast growth.
4. Isolation of N2 fixing bacteria, Sulphate reducing bacteria, Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria
5. To isolate different organism such as:
i) Psychrophiles
ii) Mesophiles
iii) Thermophiles
iv) Halophilic microorganisms from different sources.
6. To study the effect of physiological parameters on growth.
i) Effects of Carbon
ii)Nitrogen
iii) pH, etc.
7. To study the diauxic growth.
8. Calculation of generation time and growth rate of bacterial culture.
9. To isolate spontaneous mutants from various samples.
10. Plasmid curing
11. To induce the mutagenesis by different mutagenic agents (U.V./NTG).
12. To characterize the auxotrophic mutants by replica plating method.
13. Protoplast formation, regeneration & fusion.
14. DNA isolation & gel-electrophoresis.
15. To study the basic parts and operation of lab scale production of yeast biomass.
16. Production of enzymes by solid state and submerged culture
17. Production of citric acid
18. Production of antibiotics and plate assay.
Course Outcomes: The practical exercises are focused on techniques/methods to isolate

microorganisms with specific traits important from ecological and industrial point of view.
Further, the role of different conditions affecting their growth, metabolic potential and desired
activities is also practically explained along with relevant techniques. The generation of mutants
and their comparison with wild types provide basic insights into genetic characterization of
functional activities.
26
M.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY (CBEGS) (SEMESTER-III)
MCL501: CLINICAL & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Credits: 3-0-0
Total: 100 Marks

SECTION-A
Microorganisms and Diseases: spread of disease in populations, reservoirs of infection
(human, animal, and non-living reservoirs), portals of entry and portals of exit, modes of
transmission (contact, vehicles, vectors). Collection transport, storage and examination of
clinical specimens, preliminary processing of biological samples: Stool, blood, urinary and
gastro-intestinal tract.Factors affecting virulence of microorganisms.
SECTION-B
Normal microbial residents of human body, distribution and occurrence of normal flora in
different body parts such as skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary
tract. Clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of viral diseases:
Influenza, Hepatitis, polio, Dengue, zika and AIDS;
SECTION-C
Clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of bacterial diseases:
Diarrhea, Pneumonia, Diphtheria, Meningitis, Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Gas gangrene, botulism
and tetanus
SECTION-D
Clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of parasitic and fungal
diseases: Amoebiasis, Trypanosomasis, leishmaniasis and Malaria. Mycoses: dermato-
mycosis,cryptococcosis, candidiasis , aspergillosis, zygomycosis.
Books Recommended:
1. Medical Microbiology by C.G.A. Thomas, 1988. Baillion Tindall, London.
2. Essential of Medical Microbiology by R. Bhatia and R.L. Ichhpujani, 1994.
JaypeeBrothers Medical Pub. (p) Ltd. New Delhi.
3. Medical Microbiology by Mims, Playfiar, Roitt, Wakelin and Williams, 1993,
MosbyyearBook Europe Ltd. U.K.
4. Mackie and Mc Cartney Practical Medical Microbiology (Ed.) Geranld College, J.
Fraser,A.G., Marmoin, B.P. and Simmons, A. 1996. Churchill Divingstone.
5. Microbiology: Concepts and Applications by Pelczar, Chan and Krieg, 1993. Mc
GrawHill, Inc. U.S.A.
27
MCL-502: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Credits: 3-0-0
Total: 100 Marks

Eight questions of equal marks (Specified in the syllabus) are to be set, two in each of the four Sections
(A-D). Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are required to attempt
five questions, selecting at least one question from each Section. The fifth question may be attempted
from any Section.
SECTION-A
Biomass a major source of organic chemical energy: Major components of biomass: Cellulose,
Hemicellulose, lignin and pectin etc. Factors affecting organic matter decomposition. Microbiology of
cellulose degradation, Enzymatic aspects of cellulolysis. Concept and architecture of bacterial
cellulosome. Potential applications of Microbial cellulases.
SECTION-B
Brief account of microbial degradation of pectin and hemicellulose with their potential applications.
Microbiology of lignin degradation, white-rot, brown-rot, and soft-rot type fungal attack in
ligninolysis.. Enzymology of lignin degradation and their biotechnological applications.
SECTION-C
The concept of xenobiotics, recalcitrant compounds, persistence and biomagnification. Bioremediation
efficacy testing, approaches to bioremediation: Environmental modifications for Bioremediation,
Microbial seeding and Bioengineering approaches to the bioremediation of pollutants. Gaseous and
Heavy metal air pollutants and concept of Bioscrubbers and biofilters.
SECTION-D
Microbial Insecticides: Bacillus thuringiensis. The concept of endotoxins and cry genes, B.
thuringiensis as a present day bioinsecticide. (Bacillus sphaericus, B. papillae) and Baculoviouses.
Biology of baculoviruses, Baculoviruses as Insecticides and their future potential. Bacterial leaching
from ores, microorganisms associated with recovery of copper by direct and indirect leaching,
Microorganism for removal of heavy metals from effluents, metal transformation accumulation by
microorganism. Microbial mechanism for removal of metallic ions.
Course outcome: This course is designed to teach students about exploitation of the microorganisms in
recycling of renewable agricultural wastes to develop sustainable technologies to produce molecules of
economic importance. The exploitation of microbial potential to achieve clean up of sites polluted with
organic pollutants and heavy metals is also taught to students. The awareness about role of microbes
and their products as environment friendly biopesticides and biofertlizers is another outcome of this
course.
28
Books Recommended:
1. Atlas. R.M. and Bartha, M (1981). Microbial Ecology Fundamentals and applications,Addision-
Wesley, Philipines.
2. Campbell, R. (1977). Microbial Ecology, Balckwell Scienctific London.
3. Grant, W.D. and Long P.E. (1981). Environmental Microbiology, Balckie, London.
4. Bioreactors in Biotechnology: A practical approach (1991). Scragg. A.H.Ellis Horwood
Ltd.17
5. Higgins. Fundamentals of Biotechnology.
6. Glazer A.N. and Nikado H. (2007), Microbial Biotechnology, Fundamentals ofApplied
Microbiology, Cambridge University press
29
MCL503 INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY

Credits: 3-0-0
Total: 100 Marks
four Sections (A-D). Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four).
Candidates are required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one question from each
Section. The fifth question may be attempted from any Section.
Section-A
Methods for isolation of diverse microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and rare actinomycetes) from
nature, Methods of screening industrially important microorganisms for enzymes, amino acids,
antibiotics, enzyme inhibitors and lipid production, maintenance of industrial cultures (in soil, sand,
cryopreservation at -70C, liquid nitrogen, lyophilization).
Section-B
Fermentor/bioreactor basic working functions,. Brief description and design of CSTR
fermentor, material used for construction, impellers, different type of spargers, probes, control of
foam, temperature, DO2, sterilization of medium and air, . Fermentation media, antifoam agents,
optimization of medium, inoculum preparation of bacterial, fungal and yeast cultures.
Section-C
Process for production of Industrial alcohol (ethanol from starch, cellulosics and molasses)
brewing process for beer making, defects of beer, amino acids glutamic acid fermentation, lysine
production using auxotrophic and regulatory mutants and enzymatic process, salvage synthesis and
enzymatic method for production of amino acids, production of citric acid by Koji process and
submerged process, production of lactic acid, acetic acid,
Section-D
Overproduction of metabolites of industrial microorganisms, Enzyme production and

recovery process, Production of antibiotics (penicillin, tetracycline), vaccines, vitamins (B12), IMP
and GMP production using fermentation, enzymatic and salvage synthesis, fermentation economics,
product recovery of alcohol, citric acid, antibiotics, vitamins.
Course Outcome: The students are taught various aspects of isolation and screening of industrially
important microorganisms, their maintenance, industrial fermentation medium and inoculums
development. fermenter design and operations, Production of primary (citric acid, amino acids, beer,
ethanol, enzymes, nucleic acids) and secondary metabolites (antibiotics, alkaloids) etc. methods of
recovery of products and economics.
30
Books:-
1. Industrial Microbiology Ed. Casida, L.E (1996) New Age International Publishers.
2. Industrial Microbiology Eds. Prescott and Dunn (1991)
3. Biotechnology 2nd Edition W. Crueger and A. Crueger. (1992) Panima Publishers.
4. Microbial Technology. Vol I and II Eds. Peppler and Perlman, (1979) Academic Press
5. Principles of Fermentation Technology. Stanbury and Whitaker. Pergamon Press.
31
CSL-591: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Credits: 3-0-0
four Sections (A-D). Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates
are required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one question from each Section. The
fifth question may be attempted from any Section.
Section-A
Computer fundamentals, Internet basics and MS-Office 2003, Introduction to digital
computers, Organization, Number system, I/O devices, Storage devices, Introduction to
internet and its applications – www, email, ftp. MS-Windows basics, MS-Word – Meaning of
Word–Processing, Creating, Saving, Printing documents, Formatting, Spell-Check, Adding
page numbers, Header and Footer, Macros, Creating tables, Converting table to text and vice–
versa, Mail Merge.
Section-B
MS-Excel – Spreadsheets, Using different types of formulae, Creating graphs and charts,
Exporting charts to MS-Word, MS-PowerPoint – Creating presentations, Formatting, Adding
effects and timings. Types of errors and level of significance, Tests of significance (F and t-
test), Chi-square tests.
Section-C
Data analysis and database – Brief description and tabulation of data, Measure of central
tendency and dispersion – Mean, Median, Mode, Range, Standard Deviation, Variance and
Correlation coefficient using SPSS. Introduction to Data, Information, Database, DBMS
(Advantages and disadvantages), Introduction to SQL (Data retrieval).
Section-D
Virtual library and some useful sites on Internet – Searching MEDLINE on the Pubmed
system from National Centre for Biotechnology and Information. Assessing full text journals
on the internet and printing articles using End Note.
Course Outcome:
After the completion of this course, Student gets familiar with basic concepts of Spread sheet
and its various functionalities. The knowledge about MS-Access enables the students to work
with database. The knowledge about SPSS makes the students perfect regarding statistical
analysis of data.
Books Recommended:
1. Sinha, P.K. (1992). Computer Fundamentals.
2. Peter Norton's Introduction to Computers, 6th ed.
3. Windows Based Computer Courses, Sumit Kumar, JBD Publishers.
4. Gupta, S.C. (2004). Fundamentals of Statistics. Himalaya Publishing House.
Website Links
Databases (Genes Bank), search tools and
software athttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Restriction enzyme site digestion
webcutter2.0 at
http://www.firsmarket.com/cutter/cut2.html.
PCR and multiplex PCR guide and troubleshooting at
http://www.med.yale.edu/genetics/ward/tavi/Trblesht.ht
mlImage analysis program at
http//www.scioncorp.com.
32
MCP521: FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LAB

Credit: 0-0-3
Time: 3hours Total: 100 Marks
1. The enumeration and identification of micro flora involved in spoiled foods through
SPCand microscopic method in food items such as vegetables, fruits, milk, Jam,
Butter, cheese.
2. To study microbiological quality of raw milk, pasteurized milk and dry milk by MBRT test.
3. To estimate LPS endotoxins in food by Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) Test
4. Detection of mycotoxins in food
5. To compare the percentage acidity of milk and curd.
6. To check the quality of pasteurization by phosphate test.
7. To determine to ascorbic acid content of given food material by 2, 6-
dichlorophenolindophenols method.
8. To prepare the fermented food sauerkraut and study its microbiology and spoilage.
9. To determine and compare the effect of deep-freezing and refrigeration on the
viability of microorganisms.
10. To determine the D and Z value of spoilage causing pathogenic bacteria.
11. Standardization of milk.
12. To prepare yogurt and shrikhand
13. Preparation of bread and cakes.
14. Preparation of tofu, idli, dhokla, dosa and isolate the microorganisms responsible for
theirfermentation.
15. To study the production of wine and vinegar,
Course outcome: The practical exercises provide the students hands on training regarding
various methods for ensuring and determining the quality of the as per the prescribed
methods used in industries. The preparation of different milk, bakery and fermented products
provide the insights into role of different groups of microorganisms in product formation and
possible spoilage
33
MCP522 ENVIRONMENTAL & INDUSTRIAL

MICROBIOLOGY (LAB)
CREDITS : 4.5
1. Soil Enrichment Technique.
2. To study the BOD & COD levels of different water systems.
3. Isolation of cellulase producing fungi.
4. Differentiation of white-rot and brown-rot fungi.
5. Bacteriological analysis of water by presumptive, confirmatory and completed tests.
6. Screening industrially important microorganisms from soils, food processing wastes,
animal droppings.
7. To evaluate the production of alcohol from molasses & lignocellulosics.
8. Microbial biomass production (fungi/bacteria/yeast) batch and continuous culture.
9. To compare production of citric acid using sucrose and molasses as carbon source.
10. Production of lactic acid using cheese whey as substrate.
11. Production of extracellular enzymes (pectinase and xylanase) by thermophilic and
mesophilic fungal culture.
12. To isolate rare genera of microorganisms for novel antibiotic production, and to evaluate the
potential of different media for antibiotic production.
13. To study the protoplasting and regeneration in fungi.
14. Isolation of fungi genomic DNA and plasmid DNA by mini prep protocol.
15. To study the role of plasmid in degradation of xenobiotic compounds and curing of plasmid.
16. PCR amplification of DNA from natural sources.
17. Purification of proteins and SDS-PAGE
Course outcome: The students carry out extensive hands on training on isolation and screening
of anti cancer, cellulolytic, amylolytic and protease producing microorganism using ecological
approaches. They carry out practical in production of ethanol, citric acid, lactic acid, enzymes
and antibiotics and their assay using SSF and SmF mode of fermentation, they carry out
practical related to characterization of complex substrate such as molasses, lignocellulosics.
They characterize waste water for COD BOD, VFA and also carry out the water quality tests.
34
M.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY (CBEGS) (SEMESTER-IV)
MCL-551: Recent Advances in Microbiology
Credits: 4-0-0
Based on seminars to be delivered by M.Sc. IVth semester students. Since each year
the chosen topics will be different therefore no syllabus can be defined in sections.
The exam of the above will be conducted internally.
Course outcome: This exercise based on mentor-mentee interaction for development of a

presentation and evaluation by all the faculty members. The topics of recent research in
field of microbiology and allied subjects with future applications are selected and presented
for benefit of all the students
35
MCL 552: ADVANCES IN INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY

Credits: 3-0-0
Time : 3 Hours
Total: 100 Marks

Section-A
Microbial biodiversity and its importance in industrial microbiology, methods of isolation of rare
of difficult to isolate microorganisms, methods for preparing metagenomic libraries, High
throughput screening (HTS) of microbes/clones for industrially important enzymes (fluorescent,
colorimetric assays) for lipases, proteases, glycosyl hydrolases, epoxide hydrolases, racemases,
DNAase, etc. HTS methods screening drug bio-molecules (anti-cancer (cell based and cell free
assays), anti-inflammatory assay, anti-diabetic assay using scintillation count, antimicrobial assay).
Continuous and fed batch cultures for production of enzymes.
Section-B
Strain development by mutagenesis, protoplast fusion (heterokaryosis, diploidization and
haploidization), transformation of genes. Selection markers, Methods for cloning the genes (cross
hybridization, CDNA libraries, complementation, reverse genetics approaches. System biology
(genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome,fluxome) in strain improvement. Important
microbial products and advances in technology for production of 2G ethanol/biodiesel.
Section-C
Microbial production of poly unsaturated fatty acids (types , production), polysaccharides
(xanthan), Satins: structure, mode of action, biosynthetic pathway, production; β carotene :
biosynthesis, and factors affecting production; production of recombinant proteins (in Pichia
pastoris)
Section-D
Industrially important biotransformation (General account, antibiotics and steroid transformation),
Immobilization of enzymes, protein engineering (directed and rational design approach, chemical
methods), metabolic engineering, Intellectual property rights (IPR) and patents laws in India
related to microbial products and processes.
Course outcome: The course addresses the high through put screening of microorganisms for
novel biomolecules/ enzymes and their application as anti-cancer, anti diabetic, anti-inflammatory
and antimicrobial compounds beside the enzymes useful in green processes. The metagenomics
and system biology approaches as well the methods for cloning an expression of genes using
different methods is taught
36
Recommended Books
1. Manual Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology (eds) A.L. Devain and Solomon, N. A. (1986).
ASM, Washington. D.C.
2. Production technology of recombinant therapeutic proteins (eds) Chirajib Chakraborty (2004)
Biotech Books Delhi
3. Biotechnology 2nd Edition W. Crueger and A. Crueger. (1992) Panima Publishers.
4. Microbial Technology. Vol I and II Eds. Peppler and Perlman, (1979) Academic
5. Comprehensive Biotechnology Vol III and IV Ed Moo Young (1984) Pergamon Press.
37
MCP-573: ADVANCED PRACTICALS IN MICROBIOLOGY

Credit: 0-0-4.5
1. Production of enzymes by submerged culture and Solid state fermentation.

2. Enzyme assays based on natural and synthetic substrates.
3. Purification of enzymes
Ultrafiltration
Ion Exchange Chromatography
Gel Filtration
Hydrophobic interaction chromatography
4. SDS PAGE and Gel filtration for determining the molecular weight and purity of protein.
5. Iso electric focusing of the purified protein for determining the pI of purified enzyme.
6. Zymogram for localization of the enzyme activity using PAGE.
7. Profiling of enzyme activity in IEF gels.
8. Characterization of purified enzyme for optimal pH, temperature, thermostability, effect of
metal ions, substrate specificity.
9. Enzyme kinetics determining the Km and Vmax values.
10. 2 DE for proteome based analysis of enzymes.
Course outcome: The student get training in enzyme production, protein estimation
methods, purification of enzymes is carried out using desalting, ultrafiltration and ion
exchange chromatography. The purity of enzymes is checked by gel electrophoresis and
purified enzyme is characterized for pH, temperature optima and kinetics. In addition
practical on isolation of environmental DNA from soil is carried out and metagenomics
libraries are prepared. The method of cloning gene and transformation in E. coli is also
carried out.
38
MCP-571: RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT

Credit: 0-0-5
Syllabus include practical research assignment
Course Outcomes:- The students are allotted to respective faculty members in the
department and carry out a research project and submit a report on the basis of which they
are evaluated, and graded. This one semester assignment gives then insights into
independent laboratory working, collection of relevant literature and compilation of report
39
MCP-572: FIELD STUDY

Credit: 0-0-1
Time: 03 hours
Includes visit to Food, Fermentation and Pharmaceutical Industries and submission of report on
technical problems faced by the industry in production, quality control, packaging and waste
management and suggestions for improvement.
Course Outcomes:- The visit to a relevant industry exposes them to operation, control and
maintenance at an industrial scale. The analytical and testing laboratories of these units of these
units provide them insights into application of the protocols learnt during practical classes
during this degree.
40
ELECTIVE COURSES
MCL-561: MICROBIAL FERTILIZERS AND MICROBIAL PESTICIDES (ELECTIVE)
Credits: 3-0-0
Time : 3 Hours Total: 100 Marks
SECTION-A
Introduction and history of microbial fertilizer, Definition and types of biofertilisers, Importance
and contribution of biofertilisers in agriculture, Characteristics of microbial biofertilisers:
Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Blue Green Algae, Azolla, Phosphate-Solubilising
Microorganisms, Mycorrhiza, different media used to study biofertilisers,
SECTION-B
Types of raw materials for biofertiliser production: carrier, packing materials, adhesives, Strain
selection and fermentation, Production Technology for major biofertilisers, Estimation of
biological nitrogen fixation. Biofertilize technology: Physical, chemical, biological and technical
constraints. Application techniques, Quality control and standards.
SECTION-C
Introduction, Historical background of microbial pesticides, Role of microbial pesticides in
sustainable agriculture,: safety, limitations, advantages and disadvantages of microbial
pesticides. Microbial insecticides based on Bacillus spp: toxins produced and their mode of
action. Role of baculoviruses in controlling insect pests of crops.
SECTION-D
Role of Fungi in pest control : Entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria and Metarhizium: Fungal
disease symptoms on insects, development of mycosis, Factors affecting virulence; Mode of
actions Trichoderma as biocontrol agent, Formulations of microbial pesticides. Role of protozoa
and nematodes in biocontrol.
Course Outcomes:- Students are taught about role of microbial pesticides and fertilizers in
sustainable agriculture including their importance, production and regulation. It has direct
bearing on their employability in teaching, research and agro industry.
41
ELECTIVE COURSES
Books Recommended:
 Motsara, M.R., Bhattacharayya, P. and Srivastava, B. 1995 . Biofertiliser technology, marketing and
usage (HLS Tandon, Ed.).
 Kannaiyan, S. 2002. Biotechnology of Biofertilizers. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, London.
Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, India
 NIIR Board .2004. The complete technology book on Bio-Fertilizer and Organic farming National
Institute of Industrial Research (India)
 Rai, M.K.2006. Handbook of Microbial biofertilizers. Howarth press. New York
 Koul, O and Dhaliwal, G.S. 2002. Microbial Pesticides. Taylor and Francis publishers.
 S.R. Joshi. 2006. Biopesticides: a biotechnological approach. New age Publishers. Delhi. Nutan
 Kaushik 2004 . Biopesticides for sustainable agriculture: prospects and constraints. TERI press,
Delhi.
 R.P. Srivastava 2003. Biopesticides and bioagents in integrated pest management of
agricultural crops. International book distributing company, Lucknow.
42
ELECTIVE COURSES
MCL 562 BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES (ELECTIVE)
Credits: 3-0-0
Time : 3 Hours
Total: 100 Marks
SECTION-A
Concept of buffers and their significance
Theory and applications of chromatographic techniques: Thin layer and column chromatography,
ion exchange and affinity chromatography, reverse-phase chromatography, GLC/HPLC and
FPLC.
SECTION-B
Theory and application of electrophoresis of proteins and nucleic acid, polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, pulse field gel electrophoresis, immune diffusion and
immuno electrophoresis methods.
SECTION-C
Theory and application of analytical and preparative centrifugation. Concept of continuous and
zonal rotors, analytical centrifuges
Theory and application of spectroscopy UV, visible and, infrared spectroscopy
SECTION-D
NMR, MS, GC-MS spectroscopy.
Introduction to radioisotopes and their monitoring concepts of counting efficiency and auto
radiography, Principles and applications of serodiagnostic techniques.
Course Outcomes:- This course provides insights into the different basic and analytical
techniques used to determine composition of the biomolecules, their structural and functional
properties. The knowledge of these techniques improve the skill set of students which can
be of immense importance in improving their employability and develop entrepreneurial
ventures.
43
ELECTIVE COURSES
Books Recommended:
1. Friefelder. D. (1983) Physical Biochemistry, Application to Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology, 2nd ed. W.H. Freemen and Company, San Fransisco.
2. William, B.L. and Wilson, K. (1986). A Biologist Guide to Principles and TechniquesPractical
Biochemistry, 3rd ed., Edward Arnold Publisher, Baltimore, Maryland (USA).
3. Slater, R.J. (1990). Radioisotopes in Biology-A Practical Approach, Oxford University Press,New
York.
4. Upadhyay, A, Upadhyay, K and Nath, M (2015) Biophysical Chemistry Principles and Techniques,
Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi
5. Wilson, K and Walker, J (2013) Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology 7th Edition, Cambridge University Press India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi.
44
ELECTIVE COURSES
MCL563: WASTE RECYCLING (ELECTIVE)
Credits: 3-0-0
Time : 3 Hours Total: 100 Marks
Instructions for the Paper Setters: End Semester Examination: 80% weightage
SECTION-A
Ecological aspects of biodeterioration control soil, waste and water management, treatment of
solid wastes (landfills, sanitary landfills, composting aerobic and anaerobic).
SECTION-B
Treatment of liquid waste: Waste water characteristics, activated sludge process, waste
stabilization ponds, anaerobic fixed film systems, anaerobic degradation of toxic and hazardous
wastes. Mixed culture interaction during waste water treatment, high rate anaerobic filters.
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket. Down flow stationery fixed film reactor.
SECTION-C
Testing for biodegradability, biomagnification, bioremediation, efficacy testing, side effect
testing, approaches to bioremediation. Environmental modification for bioremediation.
SECTION-D
Microbial seeding, a bioengineering approaches to the bioremediation of pollutants. Role of
microbial sensors in environment monitoring: BOD and methane sensors.
Course Outcome: The course contents of this elective course provide information about the
tools and techniques for recycling of wastes either for their safe disposal or detoxification for
alternate usage. The students are taught about both basic and advanced techniques, which can be
of help in their employment or higher studies
Books Recommended:
1. Tandon, H.L.S. (Ed) 1995. Recycling of crop, animal human and Industrial
wastes in agriculture. Fertilizer development and consultation organization New
Delhi, India.
2. Wesley Eckenfeldev. W. 1989. Industrial waster pollution control. McGraw Hill
Inc. U.S.A.
3. Atlas, R.M. and Bartha, M. 1991. Microbial Ecology; Fundamentals and
applications ddison Wesley, Philippines.

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FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES

SYLLABUS FOR THE BATCH

GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY

(ii) Subject to change in the syllabi at any time.

Course Mid Sem. End Sem

MCL401 C General Microbiology 3 0 0 3 20 80

MCL404 C Mycology and Plant Pathology 3 0 0 3 20 80

Microbial Physiology & 20 80

MCP421 C Microbiological Techniques-I 0 0 3 3 -------- 100

MCP422 C Microbiological Techniques-II 0 0 4.5 4.5 --------- 100

Total Credits - - - 26.5

L T P Credits Marks Marks

MCL451 C Concepts in Immunology 3 0 0 3 20 80

Course No. C/E/I Course Title Credit Total Mid End

MCL401: GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

Mid Semester Examination: 20% weightage

MCL404: MYCOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY

MCL453: MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

Time: 3hrs Credit: 3-0-0

Mid Semester Examination: 20% weightage

MCP421 MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES-I (LAB)

1. The general microbiological instruments used in laboratory.

MCP422 MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES-II (LAB)

MCL-451: CONCEPTS IN IMMUNOLOGY

Mid Semester Examination: 20% weightage

MCL 452: FOOD MICROBIOLOGY

Mid Semester Examination: 20% weightage

MCL-405: MICROBIAL GENETICS

MCL-454: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETIC ENGINEERING

Mid Semester Examination: 20% weightage

Course Outcomes:- Course contents include the study of macromolecules essential to

1. Friefelder, D. 1987. Microbial Genetics. Narosa Publication.

MCL-455: ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Instructions for the Paper Setters:

Soil microbiology: Soil Composition and Microorganisms in Soils. Rhizosphere and

MCP471 Lab Techniques in Clinical Microbiology & Immunology

MCP472 APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LAB

Course Outcomes: The practical exercises are focused on techniques/methods to isolate

MCL501: CLINICAL & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Instructions for the Paper Setters:

MCL-502: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Instructions for the Paper Setters:

MCL503 INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY

Instructions for the Paper Setters:

Overproduction of metabolites of industrial microorganisms, Enzyme production and

CSL-591: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

MCP521: FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LAB

MCP522 ENVIRONMENTAL & INDUSTRIAL

MCL-551: Recent Advances in Microbiology

Course outcome: This exercise based on mentor-mentee interaction for development of a

MCL 552: ADVANCES IN INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY

Instructions for the Paper Setters:

MCP-573: ADVANCED PRACTICALS IN MICROBIOLOGY

1. Production of enzymes by submerged culture and Solid state fermentation.

MCP-571: RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT

Syllabus include practical research assignment

MCP-572: FIELD STUDY