chemical effects take place:

a) Formation of gas bubbles at electrodes.

b) Deposition of metals at electrodes.
c) Change in solution colour.

 A good conductor as a material that allows an electric current to pass through it.

 The tester as an electrical equipment to check the presence of electric current. Tester is made
up of a cell, wire and an indicator which shows the presence of an electric current.

 Pencil lead which is made up of graphite is a good conductor of electricity. Graphite is a form of
carbon, and carbon rods are usually used as conductors in various experiments.

 Distilled water is free of all salts,minerals, acids, etc. and is a poor conductor of electricity.

 Some of the liquids like acids, bases, and salts, conduct electricity because they dissociate into
ions easily and carry electric charge.

 Vinegar is an aqueous solution of acetic acid.

1. Why do we use LED instead of bulb in a tester?

We know that a tester is an electrical device that is used to check whether the current is
flowing in the circuit or not. LEDs can detect even a weak current flowing in the circuit.
That’s why LED is used in a tester instead of a bulb.

 electrode is a conductor, which is immersed in a solution with its end connected to the terminals of
a battery to complete a circuit.

 electrolyte is a solution in which the electrodes are submerged. They dissociate on the passage of
electric current.

 when electric current is passed through water(tap water) with the help of two carbon rods
immersed into it and other ends connected to the terminals of the battery, bubbles are seen to form
around the carbon rods. This is known as electrolysis of water.
 When this experiment is performed with water and carbon electrodes, hydrogen bubbles form near
the negative terminal (cathode) electrode while oxygen bubbles form near the positive terminal
(anode) electrode.

 (potato Experiment) The pin where the spot is seen is connected to the positive terminal of the
battery and the one where no spot is found is connected to the negative terminal of the battery.In
this way we can find the terminal of the battery also.

 the process of depositing a layer of desired metal on another material by means of electricity is
known as electroplating.

 Chromium is added to iron to make it shiny as well as corrosion-resistant.

 nickel plating is done over the aluminium to make it wear and corrosion-proof.

 In the process of electroplating, the deposition of layers of one metal takes place over another
material.In this process, the material on which the coating is to be done is connected as an electrode
to the negative terminal, and the metal that is used for the deposition is connected to the positive
terminal.Both the electrodes must be a good conductor of electricity to complete the circuit.
 Tin is a non-reactive metal whereas iron is a reactive metal.If food is stored in an iron container, it
might react with iron and get spoiled.Electroplating of tin is thus done on iron cans to make the cans
fit for storing food.Coating of tin prevents food from coming in contact with iron, and thus, prevents
it from getting spoiled.

 Removing imprity of metal which iscoming from ores.