Hydrogen Sulphide

Manual

ASA Technique

M-072758

November 1982
 CONTENTS

1-1 Introduction - H2S and Chemical Properties,

- Physical effects of Poisoning.

2-1 Schlumberger H2S Policy and Operating Safety Rules.

3-1 Government Regulations.

4-1 Training Courses.

5-1 Detection Equipment.

6-1 Respirators.

7-1 Signs.

8-1 Emergency Rescue.

9-1 First Aid.

10-1 H2S and Corrosion.

11-1 Equipment ordering and maintenance.

12-1 Lecture Notes.

BASIC ADVANCED
 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL

This manual has been written as a basis for establishing a training program and for maintaining an
effective contingency.

There are two levels of training:

• Basic knowledge intended for operating crews.

• Advanced knowledge intended for instructors.

The material for these courses is covered in Chapters 1, 2, and 4 -9. Chapters 10 - 11 cover
associated technical information, equipment ordering and maintenance for reference.

Basic knowledge material is highlighted in yellow throughout Chapters 1, 2, 4 - 9. A set of lecture

slides are given in Chapter 12 which along with the practicals described in Chapters 8 and 9 will
enable a 2 - 3 hour basic course to be conducted. The red print covers the lecture notes for the
Basic Course. It is intended that there be no handouts for the Basic Course apart from the written
test and certificate of completion. However a small booklet is available for MEA in English/Arabic
for further study by local staff.

Advanced knowledge covers in depth material in Chapters 1 - 10 however some of this material is
for general information and completeness.

Advanced course material is resumed in the lecture slides given in Chapter 12 and follows the text
in chronological order. One copy of this Manual must be given to each person receiving the
advanced course. No additional handouts are necessary.
1. Introduction

1-1
 Introduction

This section covers the Hazard and Occurrence of H2S, its Physical and Chemical Properties, its
Physical effects, and the properties of Sulphur Dioxide which is the product of the combustion of
Hydrogen Sulphide.

1) THE HAZARD - TOXICITY

Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) is the most poisonous of natural gases; it is produced during biological
and industrial processes; it is 6 times more lethal than Carbon Monoxide and half as lethal as
Hydrogen Cyanide. It is most hazardous when it exists as a free gas.

To give an idea of a potentially fatal concentration:

Imagine an average room - 3 meters high and 5 meters long by 4 meters wide. The volume would
be 60 cubic meters. If two 20 litre jerry cans, containing 100% H2S were released and fully mixed
then with only one breath your breathing would be paralyzed. The maximum tolerable level has
been set at 1/100th of this concentration, that is at 10 parts per million (ppm).

2) OCCURRENCE

H2S occurs world wide in various concentrations associated with gas, oil and water. It is found in
porous formations and can be met by our personnel during rigging up and down for production
logging and perforating operations on oil or gas wells. It is encountered particularly during
sampling (PST, RFT, CST) operations and during drilling operations due to gas cut mud or an
inadvertant blow out or mishap during DST operations.

It must be noted that sour crude oils contain H2S which will be released when the pressure is
reduced. Such pressure reductions occur during oil production, transfers from sample chambers
and during leaks.

H2S also occurs in drilling muds due to the decomposition of organic additives at elevated
temperatures. H2S is also found in the atmospheres of sewers and cess pools.

Particular areas of known high concentration are in Canada, parts of the USA, including Texas,
Louisiana, Mississippi and Florida. It is also found in the Middle East particularly in a trend from
Oman through to Turkey, the Far East, Europe and North Africa.

Every Manager must be aware of the hazards, precautions and response to the H2S problem and
ensure that his exposed employees are fully prepared to handle its occurrence.

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 H2S CONCENTRATIONS

IN DEALING WITH H2S SEVERAL DIFFERENT UNITS MAY BE IN USE FOR MEASURING ITS
CONCENTRATION.

SCHLUMBERGER STANDARD

IN SCHLUMBERGER WE STANDARDISE ON PPM - PARTS PER MILLION

FOR CONCENTRATIONS IN GAS.

OTHER UNITS AND CONVERSIONS

0.65 GRAINS PER SCF (STANDARD CUBIC FOOT) = 10 PPM

0.001 MOL % AND VOL % = 10 PPM
15MG/CU M. = 10 PPM

10 PPM IS A VERY SMALL CONCENTRATION, IT IS COMPARABLE TO

10 INCHES IN 16 MILES
10 CM. IN 10 KILOMETERS
10 MINUTES IN 1.9 YEARS
10 LBS I N 500 TONS
10 CENTS IN $ 10,000
10 GALLONS IN 1,000,000 GALLONS

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3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE (H2S)

A. Extremely toxic (almost as toxic as Hydrogen Cyanide) and 5 to 6 times as toxic as Carbon
Monoxide.

B . Colourless .

C. Offensive odour, often described as that of rotten eggs.

D. Forms an explosive mixture with a concentration between 4.3 and 46 percent by volume. This is
• •
an extremely wide range. Autoignition occurs at 500 F (260 C). This is a very low ignition
• •
temperature, an undrawn cigarette tip is about 450 F and rises to over 500 F when drawn
upon. Vapours may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back.

E. Burns with a blue flame and produces Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), which is less toxic than Hydrogen
Sulphide but very irritating to eyes and lungs and can cause serious injury.

2 H2S + 302 = 2H2O + 2SO2

•
F. Heavier than air - specific gravity 1.189 (Air = 1.000) at 60 F and 14.7 psi. Therefore H2S
collects in low spots such as well cellars.
•
G. Soluble in both water (4 volume gas in 1 volume water at O C) and liquid hydrocarbons.

H. Produces irritation to eyes, throat and respiratory system.

I. Threshold Limit Value (TLV) - Maximum of eight hours exposure without protective respiratory
equipment - 10 ppm.

J. Corrosive to all electrochemical series metals.

• •
K. Boiling point minus 79 F, minus 62 C.
• •
L. Melting point minus 177 F, minus 116 C.

1-4
 H2S - KEY POINTS

BECAUSE H2S IS 19% HEAVIER THAN AIR TWO IMPORTANT POINTS SHOULD BE FULLY
REALISED.

TO ESCAPE FROM H2S, MOVE CROSSWIND AND TO A HIGHER POINT HOWEVER, H2S MAY
BE WELL ABOVE AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE WHEN IT LEAVES THE WELL HEAD OR
MUD. INITIALLY H2S MAY RISE UNTIL COOLED.

A PHENOMENA KNOWN AS STACKING CAUSES A LOW CONCENTRATION RELEASE TO

REACH HIGH CONCENTRATIONS IN LOW LYING AREAS. THIS IS CAUSED BY THE HIGHER
DENSITY OF H2S AND ITS SLOW NATURAL OXIDATION RATE. AREAS PARTICULARLY
PRONE TO THIS ARE CELLARS, LOW LYING LAND AND ENCLOSED MUD ROOMS
ESPECIALLY OFFSHORE.

AIR CONDITIONERS IN ACCOMODATION AND WORK AREAS MUST BE RUN IN THE

CLOSED LOOP MODE WHEN LOW CONCENTRATION H2S IS PRESENT.

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4. PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE POISONING

The principal hazard is death by inhalation. When the amount of gas absorbed into the blood
stream exceeds that which is readily oxidised, poisoning of the body results, with a general action
on the nervous system. Laboured respiration occurs shortly, and breathing paralysis may follow
immediately at concentrations of 700ppm and above. This condition may be reached almost
without warning as the originally detected odour of Hydrogen Sulphide may have disappeared due
to paralysis of the sense of smell. Death then occurs from suffocation (asphyxiation) unless the
exposed person is removed immediately to fresh air and breathing stimulated by artificial
respiration. Other lower levels of exposure may cause the following symptoms individually or in
combinations:

a. Headache
b. Dizziness
c. Excitement
d. Nausea or gastro-intestinal disturbances
e. Dryness and sensation of pain in nose, throat and chest
f. Paralysis of the pupils and or limbs.
g. Coughing
h. Drowsiness
i. Loss of sense of smell

The detection of Hydrogen Sulphide solely by smell is highly dangerous as the sense of smell is
rapidly paralyzed by the gas. This is especially dangerous to those who think they can detect
dangerous concentrations by their sense of smell. Concentrations as low as 0.15ppm are
detectable, however, at 50ppm the sense of smell is slowly deadened.

WARNING
DO NOT RELY ON YOUR NOSE
TO TELL YOU IF H2S IS
PRESENT.
USE DETECTORS, WEAR BREATHING APPARATUS.

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1-7
It is important to realise that one breath of air containing more than 700 ppm H2S will paralyse the
respiratory system, breathing stops and death will occur unless artificial respiration is started within
3 minutes .

In areas where H2S is common there is often an apathy - "we always smell it". This attitude must
be countered with the realisation of the severity of the hazard and that long term effects that may
arise from continuous exposure to low H2S concentrations is not at all understood.

Unlike many other natural hazards people do not acquire a resistance or tolerance to H2S. On the
contrary susceptibility appears to be increased by previous exposure.

Individuals who have recently consumed alcohol have been found to be extremely sensitive to
H2S. The effect of H2S can therefore be considered to be a function of :

1. Duration of exposure.
2. Frequency of exposure.
3. Intensity of exposure.
4. Individual susceptibility.

5. SULPHUR DIOXIDE

An important side effect not generally appreciated in dealing with H2S is that when burnt it
produces an almost equally dangerous Sulphur Dioxide (S02)

Sulphur Dioxide has a Specific gravity of 2.212 or approximately twice as heavy as air or H2S.
However its toxicity may be appreciated by the US regulations 8 hr limit which is only 5 ppm (H2S
is 10 ppm). (For example at 50 ppm SO2 the eyes and nose will burn intolerably). This low limit
exists because SO2 affects people quicker but kills them slower. Free SO2 remains a long term
hazard as it usually forms Sulphurous Acid, H2SO3.

H 2O + SO2 = H 25O3

Because water is required for this reaction the resulting acid causes further damage to both living
matter and materials. Bear these factors in mind when setting up your unit relative not only to the
well head H2S hazard but also to the SO2 flare gas.

Remember the only safe thing about Sulphur Dioxide is that it won't burn or explode.

1-8
1-9
2. SCHLUMBERGER POLICY
AND OPERATING
SAFETY RULES

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 THE WORK - NO-WORK DECISION
ON H2S WELLS

TYPE OF GAS ESCAPE ENCOUNTERED

UNCONTROLLED CONTROLLED
(Wellhead leaking) (disconnecting riser)

Less than WORK ALLOWED WORK NORMALLY

10 ppm AT DISCRETION OF ENGINEER
(refer CH 1, “stracking)

NO WORK ALLOWED WORK WITH SCBA

More than ESCAPE, CALL CLIENT
10 ppm WEAR SCBA, RETURN
COMPLETE RUN;

NOTE THE USE OF RUN RATHER THAN JOB

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 SCHLUMBERGER AND H2S

Schlumberger operations, when involving H2S, are covered by our POLICY which
specifies how to manage the hazard, and by our OPERATING SAFETY RULES that
detail how to establish operating practices.

H2S POLICY

1. IF H2S IS SUSPECTED WE WILL ASSIGN A CREW TRAINED IN H2S

OPERATIONS AND ADVISE CLIENT OF OUR POLICY.

2. BEFORE EVERY H2S JOB AND ON ARRIVING AT LOCATION A SPOT

SAFETY MEETING WILL BE HELD TO FAMILIARISE EQUIPMENT
PROVIDED AND ESCAPE ROUTES.

3. ON H2S WELLS WE REQUIRE H2S DETECTION EQUIPMENT AND

ESCAPE MASKS TO BE PROVIDED BY CLIENT, IF NOT AVAILABLE WE
WILL PROVIDE THEM.

4. ON H2S WELLS WHERE A CONTROLLED ESCAPE OF H2S IS LIKELY WE

WILL WORK WITH PRESSURE DEMAND SELF CONTAINED BREATHING
APPARATUS (SCBA) PROVIDED BY CLIENT, IF NOT AVAILABLE WE
WILL PROVIDE THEM.

5. WHEN H2S IS DETECTED WE WILL ESCAPE AND NOT RETURN

UNLESS WEARING SCBA.

6. NO OPERATION WILL BE ATTEMPTED WHEN H2S IS LEAKING INTO

THE ATMOSPHERE WITH A CONCENTRATION ABOVE 10 PPM.

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H2S OPERATlNG SAFETY RULES

These Rules have been drawn up based on existing government regulations and
with the assistance of the following documents :

Personnel Safety Manual 1980 Part One page 111-3

F .O .M. Vol. IV H2 S Section
SWS letter June 6, 1978
EHS letter June 3, 1980
SWS letter July 27, 1978

A. GENERAL

1. Client or local regulations apply if more stringent than these rules.

2. Before attempting any operation on a production well it is mandatory to

check with client for the pressure and concentration of H2S in the well,
whether a working H2S detection system is available on the rig or well
head, and whether client will provide H2S detectors, masks and respirators
(SCBA).

3. Schlumberger working limit is max 10 ppm free H2S in the produced gas or
in gas associated with produced oil or gas evolving from drilling mud
circulated from an H2S well. 10 ppm is the trigger level of our detection
equipment. At any concentration above this, special breathing apparatus
must be worn otherwise all work is to be terminated immediately and our
personnel evacuated.

4. An H2S well is defined as :

A well in which “open hole” passes through any zone which might
produce H2S during our operations, or a “cased hole” completed in any
zone which might produce H2S either as gas or in solution in oil or water.

5. If we are to work on an H2S well we will :

- ensure we have detection equipment, escape masks and self-contained

breathing apparatus (SCBA) available on location.

- supply the above if not provided by client.

6 The discretion of the engineer is called upon when H2S is present either in
solution in “sour” crude or as a free gas below a concentration of 10 ppm.
He must decide whether the operation can start, continue or be safely
terminated in consideration of terrain, wind, means and directions of
escape .,and particularly the possibiIity of stacking (See Chapter 1 ).

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B. EQUIPMENT

1. Each Division Manager is responsible for ensuring that H2S safety

equipment is available and properly maintained. The equipment consists
of :

. Self contained breathing apparatus

. Escape Masks
. H2S detectors
. Wind direction indicators
. Resuscitation equipment (offshore locations only)
. 20 metre safety line

2. Maintenance of SCBA, Escape Masks, H2S detectors and resuscitators

must be carried out only by qualified personnel or a qualified service
centre.

3. Components used in repairs and maintenance shall be manufacturers

specified parts.

4. Every SCBA must be checked before use and monthly by a trained person
- see chapters 4 and 6.

5. Filling of SCBA must be carried out only by qualified personnel with correct
equipment and procedure.

6. In operating areas where H2S is a known hazard, suitable H2S detectors

and pressure demand type breathing apparatus must be available for well
site operations and a separate set kept in the base for training purposes
only.

7. In every operating unit with known H2S, each training centre and each
district with H2S must be equipped with a set of each type of detector,
Escape mask and one Scott Airpak IIA to be used solely for training.
Equipment to be Labeled “For Training Only”.

8. When working on an H2S well, there must be always one more SCBA
available than there are crew members. For example, a three man crew
requires four SCBA.

9. The use of Escape Masks (Gas Masks) devices for working is strictly
forbidden. Gas Masks may be used only once then only for escape.

10.When SCBA is used it must only be used in the pressure demand mode.

11.Materials such as clothing, rags, gloves and boots that may have been
soiled with oil or water containing dissolved H2S must be stored outside or
only in well ventilated rooms.

12.A 20 metre safety line must be available for use in the event of rescue.

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 OPERATIONS AND H2S WELLS

ON KNOWN H2S IF ABOVE 10 ppm AND IF EMMISSION IS

WELLS CONTROLLED CONTINUE TO WORK
USING SCBA.

H2S DETECTED BY 2 CREW RETURN, LOCATE IF ABOVE 10 ppm AND WELL LEAKING
SMELL OR MONITOR ESCAPE PUT ON LEAK AND CHECK DO NOT START JOB. IF DURING A RUN
SCBA IF CONCENTRATION PULL OUT AND RIG DOWN AT
DISCRETION
IS ABOVE 10 ppm. OF ENGINEER.

IF BELOW 10ppm CONTINUE JOB

AT DISCRETION OF ENGINEER WITHOUT
SCBA BUT WITH MONITOR IN OPERATION

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 13.At least one Schlumberger vehicle capable of carrying the entire
Schlumberger crew and able to leave location without requiring cables or
hoses to be disconnected must be kept on location. Offshore, a client’s
standby boat must be available.

14.Special H2S wellhead equipment, cables and tools must be used

whenever the H2S concentration exceeds 2 percent on production wells.
Refer to F.O.M. and relevant Equipment Maintenance Manuals.

15.On offshore platforms two means of escape or exit from the platform must
be available (stairs, rope ladder, helicopter..)

C. PERSONNEL

1. A separate training session on the practical use of respirators must be held

if the type provided is different from the type on which the crew have been
trained.

2. Persons using pressure demand SCBA must demonstrate the ability to

obtain and maintain a face seal with the mask. This normally precludes all
persons wearing beards, and glasses. (Special attachments are available
for prescription lenses within the face piece).

3. Persons wearing contact lenses must be alerted that they may suffer eye
damage while wearing SCBA equipment in the pressure demand mode.

4. Personnel annual medical examinations must include an evaluation of that

person’s ability to work in operations having potential H2S exposure and
his ability to wear pressure demand mode self contained breathing
apparatus (SCBA). It is the opinion of our consultant physician that
persons with a perforated ear drum(s) may work safely using SCBA in the
pressure demand mode.

5. Persons with perforated eardrums may not use or rely on using escape
masks.

D. OPERATING

1. A spot safety meeting must be held on arrival at the Iocation and before
each job to ensure that the crew is familiarised with the H2S alarm system,
wind direction indicators, location of and familiarisation with breathing
apparatus and evacuation procedures.

2. We will not rig up on a leaking well where the concentration of H2S is

above 10 ppm.

3. If for any reason the concentration in the working area exceeds 10 ppm, all
work is to be suspended and our personnel evacuated. Escape masks are
used for this purpose. We will not return unless wearing pressure demand
SCBA.

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 4. An SCBA must be worn by each member of the crew involved in the
following operations when H2S concentrations above 10 ppm have been
detected or if during the operation a controlled escape of H2S gas with a
concentration above 10 ppm may occur.

On H2S wells or in transfer lab

● During fluid transfers using PST or RFT.
● When working in cellars or low lying areas near H2S wells except if
checked with a detector lowered into the cellar immediately before
each descent.

On Producing Wells
● Removal of well head cap.
● Operation of well head master valve.
● Bleeding off riser into flare or under water.
● Disconnecting riser from the BOP.
● When pressure seal is lost (HGT/or Riser).
● To complete a run after 10 ppm has been detected.

5. For work on H2S wells where no free H2S is present or expected at any
time an escape mask must be carried.

6. On wells with H2S uncontrollably leaking into the atmosphere or when H2S
is detected we will not rig up. We will escape and return wearing SCBA,
locate the leak and check the maximum concentration.

a) If the concentration is less than 10 ppm, we will continue the

operation at the discretion of the engineer (A6).

b) If the concentration is more than 10 ppm, at the discretion of the

engineer (A6) we will complete the run by pulling out and securing the
well. No further work will take place until the leak has been stopped
by the client.

7. Every location having known H2S wells will post a list of H2S wells on the
location safety board.

E. TRAINING

1. Crews working on H2S wells must have a Certificate of Completion of the

Basic H2S course as a minimum requirement.

2. Crews working on H2S wells must be specifically trained in procedures for

handling broken cable strands.

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F. RECORDS

1. Records must be kept at the Division and Unit ( Engineers) office of trained
personnel. Division to advise the unit.

2. Maintenance records must be kept of all repairs and maintenance

performed on H2S detection and breathing equipment using standard
History cards. Equipment must be shown on the RITE control sheet.

3. Inspection and evaluation of the H2S training and maintenance program

must be carried out by the district manager and controlled by the division
manager at least every 6 months and reported in the monthly progress
report in March and September of each year.

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3. US. GOVERNMENT
REGULATIONS

3-1
 U.S. GOVT. REGULATIONS

At the time of writing (1981) there are very many H2S regulations covering the USA
Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry. As these standards are generally world wide
these have been adopted or sometimes exceeded in this manual. This section may
be “updated with specific local regulations as they may come into force.

The following documents exist and directly or indirectly apply to our operations
involving H2S. They may be used as a reference.

Certain of these Regulations or Recommendations have been expanded if relevant

to our operations. They are largely a repetition of the same regulations.

1. US FEDERAL REGULATIONS

- 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I - Personal Protective Equipment, Sections 1910.132,

and 1910.134.

- 30 CFR 11 Respiratory Protective Devices; Tests for Permissibility; Fees.

- 49 CFR 178 Subpart C - Specifications for Cylinders Section 178.37.

- United States Geological Survey - Safety requirements for drilling operations

in a Hydrogen Sulphide environment. Feb 1976.

2. FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS

- BB-A-1034a Air, Compressed for Breathing Purposes.

- GG-B-006756 Interim Federal Specification Breathing

Apparatus, Self-Contained.

3. UNITED STATES INDIVIDUAL STATE REGULATIONS

- Railroad Commission of Texas.

Oil Gas or Geothermal Resources Operation in Hydrogen Sulphide Areas

051.02.02.036 known as "Texas Rule 36” and amendment order
No. 20-65.354 March 1976.

- Rules of State of Florida Department of Natural Resources Division of Interior

Resources, Bureau of Geology Conversation of Oil and Gas in Florida -
Florida Statute 377.

3-2
4. AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE (API) DOCUMENT

- API RP 49 Recommended Practices for Safe Drilling of Wells containing

Hydrogen Sulphide.

- API RP 7G Recommended Practices for Drill Stem Design and Operating

Limits (Section 8).

5. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INSTITUTE STANDARDS

- Z 88.2-1969 Respiratory Protection.

- Z 48.1-1954 Method of Marking Portable Compressed Gas Containers to

Identify the Material Contained.

6. COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION COMMODITY SPECIFICATION

- G-7.1-1966 Breathing Air, Grade D.

3-3
Currently we can meet or exceed the requirements of countries in which we operate
by applying the regulations found in 29 CFR 1910.

a. "The employer shall have a written standard operating procedure governing

the selection and use of respirators during routine operation and in
emergencies”. This manual serves the purpose.

b. “The selection of the respirator shall be based on the hazards to which the
employee is exposed”. The pressure demand mode respirator is selected.
The use of gas masks for any other purpose other than escape is specifically
forbidden in an H2S environment.

c. “The user shall be instructed and trained in the proper use and limitation of
respirators”. See Schlumberger Operating Safety Rules and Training material
in this hand book.

d. “The respiratory protective equipment must be properly fitted”.

This is an important section and contains the following specific points.

1. Respirators shall not be worn when conditions prevent a good face seal.

2. The user checks for a correct fit and seal each time it is put on. 4
methods are available, the best being the negative pressure test method.
However as we use the SCBA always in the pressure demand mode this
check is not necessary. Face seal is checked by monitoring for air
escape when in pressure demand mode.

3. Use of eye glasses shall not interfere with the fit of the face piece.

4. Respirator is approved as a whole unit with specific components. Mixing

of components between different types nullifies apparatus.

e. The respiratory protective equipment must be approved by authorities

recognized by OSHA”.
Scott airpak must be Iabelled “MSHA/NIOSH approval No. TC-13F-40”.

f. “The respiratory protective equipment must be used at all times when

respiratory protection is required. In some cases the respiratory protective
equipment shall be readily available for immediate donning”. See Respirator
Chapter of this manual - Chapter 6.

3-4
g. "Respirators shall be regularly cleaned and disinfected, as frequently as
necessary to ensure the protection of the wearer”. See maintenance Chapter
of this manual.

h. "Respirators shall be stored in a convenient, clean, and sanitary location”.

See Respirator and maintenance Chapter of this manual - Chapter 6 and 11.

i. "Respirators used routinely shall be inspected during cleaning”. See

maintenance Chapter of this manual - Chapter 11.

j. "Defective respirators shall be repaired by experienced individuals before

use”. See Respirator and maintenance Chapters of this manual - Chapter 6
and 11.

k. “There shall be regular inspection and evaluation to determine the continued

effectiveness of the program”. See Chapter on Schlumberger Safety rules in
this manual.

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Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Sulphide DHEW (NIOSH) 77-158 May 1977.
This is a criteria for a recommended standard; they :-

. Recommend exposure to Hydrogen Sulphide shall be controlled so that no

employee is exposed to a concentration greater than 10 ppm in a 10 hour
work shift in a 40 hour week.

. Recommend medicals to cover work history with special attention to eyes,

nervous and respiratory systems. A judgement of workers ability to use
positive pressure respirators. An examination at least every 3 years for
workers exposed above recommended limit of 10 ppm. Counseling of
employees on increased risks.

. Recommend emergency procedures such as artificial respiration,

identification of personnel sent to hospital as suffering from H2S exposure.

. Recommend medical records maintained for 30 years from termination of

employment.

. Recommend warning signs to be used on site.

. Recommend training in respiratory protection to cover actual wearing and use

of the equipment.

. Respirator selection guide.

. Inform employees of H2S hazards in particular of symptoms, emergency and

first aid procedure, precautions, meaning of alarms and evacuation
procedure. Use of notice boards.

. Work practices to include Emergency procedures for evacuation, respiratory

protection, training of personnel, control of airborne H2S, work in confined
spaces, monitoring and record keeping of personnel monitoring.

3-6
USGS Safety requirements for drilling operations in a Hydrogen Sulphide
environment Feb 1976.

These regulations are the most relevant and complete as they apply to our
operations. A list of key points is given for reference.

- Monitoring equipment and thresholds

- Sulphur Dioxide

- Eardrum examination

- Training program content

- Visible warning systems, signs, flags

- Contingency breathing equipment, gas masks, storage

- Additional personnel safety equipment

- Metalurgical Equipment Considerations

- Drilling Mud program

- Logging operations (Mud logging)

- Corrosion rate detection (See API RP 7G)

- Flare System

- Well testing

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Texas Rule 36

Most of the regulations contained in this document have already been mentioned.
However one significant section indicates the trend in regulations.

Quote

(K) EFFECTIVE SEPTEMBER 1, 1981, ALL TOOL PUSHERS, DRILLING

SUPERINTENDENTS, AND OPERATOR'S REPRESENTATIVES (WHEN THE
OPERATOR IS IN CONTROL OF THE DRILLING) SHALL BE REQUIRED TO
FURNISH CERTIFICATION OF SATISFACTORY COMPLETION OF A RAILROAD
COMMISSION OR USGS-APPROVED SCHOOL ON WELL CONTROL
EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES. THE CERTIFICATION SHALL BE RENEWED
EVERY TWO (2) YEARS BY ATTENDING AN APPROVED REFRESHER
COURSE.

EFFECTIVE SEPTEMBER 1, 1983, ALL DRILLERS SHALL BE REQUIRED

TO FURNISH CERTIFICATION OF SATISFACTORY COMPLETION OF A
RAILROAD COMMISSION OR USGS-APPROVED SCHOOL ON WELL
CONTROL EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES. THE CERTIFICATION SHALL BE
RENEWED EVERY THREE (3) YEARS BY ATTENDING AN APPROVED
REFRESHER COURSE.

Unquote

We can expect such stringent regulations to eventually spread through the industry
either by government or oil company action.

3-8
API RP 49

This document spells out two typical layouts for drilling location equipment covering
confined and unconfined locations.

Of particular note are :

. 2 Wind streamers, and prevailing wind direction indicator.

. 2 Protection centres.
. Barricade and warning light.
. Remote BOP station and accumulator equipment.
. Horn and light.

TYPICAL DRILLING EQUIPMENT

LAYOUT - CONFINED LOCATION

3-9
 TYPICAL DRILLING EQUIPMENT
LAYOUT - UNCONFINED LOCATION

3-10
4. TRAINING COURSES

4-1
 TRAINING COURSES

Two Levels of Training are available

1) Basic Level for Engineer and Crew - 3 Hours

2) Advanced Level for Instructors, Managers - 2 Days

Content of these courses is drawn from this manual and must be delivered by
persons having completed the Advanced level course.

The advanced level is usually given at unit or division level and may draw on
the assistance of outside consultants.

BASIC COURSE

- Effect of H2S on Humans and Equipment

- Safety Rules
- Use of Detectors
- Practical use of Breathing Apparatus (Escape Mask, SCBA)
- Action in Emergency
- Artificial Respiration
- Practical and Theory Test
- Certificate of Completion (Valid 2 years)

Basic course material is printed red and certification can only be given by
trainers who have completed the “Advanced Level” Course.

This material is found in chapters 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.

Records must be kept of course participants in list form as follows :

● For Engineers, records kept at the division and unit ( Individual Historical
Record)

● For Local Staff, records kept at the division and location records should
also be kept in the personal files of engineers and local staff for
completeness.

● “PracticaI” means individual “hands on” training and demonstrated

adequate level of expertise.

● “Certified” means having received a certificate of course completion.

4-2
 ADVANCED COURSE

- Effects of H2S on Humans and Equipment

- Government Regulations

- Schlumberger Policy and Safety Rules

- Detection Equipment

- Practical use of Breathing Apparatus (Escape Mask, SCBA).

- Signs

- Emergency Rescue

- First Aid

- Practical and Theory Test

- Certificate of Completion (valid 3 years)

Advanced course material must cover all above chapters of this manual.

RECORDS OF COURSE PARTICIPANTS MUST BE KEPT IN THE DIVISION AND

UNIT. -See Basic Course for details.

“Practical" means individual “hands on” training and demonstrated adequate

level of expertise.

"Certified" means having received a certificate of course completion.

4-3
Schlumberger H2S COURSE - TEST

NAME : ___________ SIGNATURE : _________ DATE : _________ LOCATION : __________

QUESTIONS SHOW CORRECT ANSWERS WITH X OR O

1. Chemical and Physical properties of
Hydrogen Sulphide. TRUE FALSE

- Colourless
- Heavier than air
- Flammable
- Smells of rotten eggs in small concentrations
- A concentration of 700 parts per million will
kill you if breathed.

2. How can Hydrogen Sulphide kill you ?

SKIN EYES BREATHING FOOD
3. What is the maximum concentration : to
continue working without SCBA in parts per
million (ppm) ? 1 ppm 10 ppm 50 ppm 200 ppm

4. What is the alarm level of our alarms ?

1 ppm 10 ppm 50 ppm 200 ppm
5. In which direction do you move if your
personal alarm sounds (Give 3 answers) UPWIND, DOWNWIND, CROSSWIND,
HIGHER LEVEL, LOWER LEVEL
6. What do you do to escape ?
PANIC, ESCAPE , FINISH JOB
7. Under what conditions do you return to the
scene even if someone is injured ? WITH AIRPAK, WITHOUT AIRPAK,
ALONE , WITH “BUDDY”
8a. The level of training you are required to
demonstrate to be able to proficiently use
breathing apparatus is :

Put it on in
90 sec 3 min 1 min
8b. Mark which of these is true or false
TRUE FALSE
- Store Air-pack with yellow valve closed.
- Use only Positive pressure demand mode
- Obtain a face seal prior to use

9. How many airpacks are required on a job ?

1 2 1 each 1 ea + 1 spare
10. What is the duration under normal conditions
of a Scott Airpak II-A (or equivalent model 10 Mins 30 Mins
taught specify model if different) ?
1 Hour 2 Hours
11. If alone and you have to rescue an
unconscious person (due to H2S) in what 1. Call for help
order do you do the following mark 2. Give artificial respiration
(Mark 1,2,3,4) 3. Drag him clear to fresh air
4. Escape and put on SCBA

SUP. NAME : _____________ SIGNATURE : _____________ DATE : _____________

MEA 17-03-82

4-4
 Schlumberger

City Date

Mr. _______________
Name of Employee

This shall certify that during a Basic/Advanced training session held

on _______________ at _______________ you were instructed

date location

regarding the detection and procedures to follow in the event H2S is present at the

wellsite.

Signature _______________

Head of Schlumberger Location

Signature of Employee ________________________

Date _______________________

Original - employee, Copy signed by employee - personal file.

4-5
COURSE CERTIFICATION

Each participant must be certified upon course completion as per EHS legal letter
April 2, 1981.

“A letter of H2S certification should be given to each employee (international

and local staff) upon conclusion of the training course in H2S”...
Such letters should be prepared in duplicate. One should be given to the
employee and a second copy should be signed by the employee and returned
to Schlumberger. This signed copy should be kept in the Personal Files of the
individual.

Provided the signed letters have been obtained before hand you may issue
H2S Training Certificate Cards.

A Model of the letter is shown opposite and of the card below. The Certificate
can be reduced to normal “credit” card size before printing.

H2S TRAINING CERTIFICATION

Schlumberger

This shall certify that during a Basic /Advanced

training session held on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

________________________

was instructed regarding the detection & procedures

to follow in the event H 2S is present at the wellsite.

_____________ ____________________
Location Date Schlumberger Manager in charge

4-6
 TRAINING COURSES

FOR MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL

Maintenance of equipment requires mechanical and electrical/electronic skills and

can be hand led by our existing maintenance organisation. However, let us not
forget that maintenance and proper care begins with the user.

Self contained Breathing Apparatus, Escape Masks, Sniffers

Courses on daily and monthly maintenance checks are given to I.S.

mechanics by the unit technical staff during visits or Training Schools.
Mechanics are particularly suitable staff for doing this work as many of them
already have some training on breathing apparatus, they are based in the
district and they are relatively stable in their assignments. Training in an
operating unit of say 15 mechanics is easily controlled and can adequately
cover the needs of the whole operating unit. Field level repair can only be
performed by authorized maintenance personnel supervised by the District
Maintenance Engineer and control led by the Division Technical Staff.
Complete overhaul of SCBA ( regulator, bellows assembly and pak-alarm
assemblies) must be done by returning items to the, manufacturer or nearest
factory authorized service center.

The manufacturers of Scott Airpak can train personnel during a 2 day course
to perform most repairs at an intermediate level of maintenance - contact the
overseas distributor - address is given on the master order in Chapter 11.

Electronic Detectors

These equipments are relatively simple in operation. Maintenance and repairs

can be carried out by any Schlumberger electronic lab using manufacturers
documentation and spares. All maintenance must be supervised by the
District Maintenance Engineer and control led by the Division Technical Staff.

4-7
EQUIPMENT NEEDED FOR TRAINING COURSES

Scott Air Pak lla Self Contained Breathing Apparatus. (1 set per 4 attendants)

PARAT II Escape Mask (1 only for lecturer)

DRAEGER Multigas Detector and H2S tubes (1 set only, use C02 tubes for
demonstration)
AND/OR
BENDIX SAMPLE (1 set only, use C02 tubes for demonstration)

MONITOX 4100 including GAS GENERATOR

RUSUSCI ANN TORSO

FILMS - see below

For equipment ordering see Master Order Sheets under the equipment Chapter of
this manual.

FILMS

Video or 16mm films are available to demonstrate CPR and use of Airpak and
detectors.

“CPR FOR CITIZENS" 16mm film only

PYRAMID FILMS
1537 - 14th STREET
BOX 1048
SANTA MONICA CALIFORNIA 90404 TEL (213)828 7577

H2S and You Video only

SAFETY INTERNATIONAL
P.O. BOX 6108
MIDLAND, TEXAS 79701
TEL (915)563 3770
TELEX 743467 SAFETY INT MID

For video specify VHS or BETAMAX or UMATIC tape type and whether you require
PAL, SECAM or NTSC tape format. Note that tape speed may also have to, be
specified: example VHS PAL 23.39 mm/sec is standard VHS PAL speed outside the
USA.

4-8
H2S Certification Courses - International Consultants

H2S courses at Advanced and Basic levels may be given by external consultants. The
contents of this manual must be covered at the respective levels as a minimum course
content requirement. Visiting lecturers may use this manual for course preparation.

ESSE international Inc. Prentice and Records

2712 Southwest Freeway P.O. Box 53557 O.C.S.
Houston Texas 77098 Lafayette Lousiana 70505
Tel. (713) 524 3928 Tel. (318) 233 9130
Telex 586609 Records LFY

Safety International Safety and Health Associates

P.0. Box 6108 4549 Johnston Street
Midland Texas 79701 Lafayette, Louisiana 70503
Tel. (915) 563-3770 Tel. (318) 984-0617
Telex 743467 SAFETY INT MlD

TYPICAL “OUTSIDE” H2S COURSE CONTENT FOR DRILLING PERSONNEL.

HYDROGEN SULFIDE
(Poison Gas) HYDROGEN SULFIDE
In the DrilIing Industry (Poison Gas)
LOCATIONS: In The Drilling Industry
Dallas, TX New Orleans, LA
Denver, CO Corpus Christi, TX
Tyler, TX Oklahoma City, OK COURSE OUTLINE:
Lafayette, LA Tulsa. OK Rules and Regulations
Houston, TX Jackson, MS O.S.H.A.
Midland, TX Riverton, WY N.I.O.S.H.
Beaumont, TX Casper, WY U.S.G.S.
INSTRUCTOR: Mr. Don Carter State Regulations
COURSE DESCRIPTION: The three day school will cover Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide at the Drilling Rig
H2S with respect of drilling of oil and gas wells. Basic Film
drilling mud additives for H2S removal will be discussed. Badges
Contingency planning will be presented. Hands-on Draeger
demonstrations for all of the students will be presented. Capsule
FOR WHOM THE COURSE IS INTENDED: The course is Belt
designed for any personnel directly or indirectly related to Rig Monitor
H2S in the drilling industry including rig crews, service Hands-On Demonstration
personnel, and operator’s representatives. Respirator
Film
SCHEDULED DATES: Survivair
DALLAS, TEXAS BEAUMONT, TEXAS Scott
1980 1980 MSA
September 8-10, 1980 Nov, 3-5, 1980
Nov. 17-19, 1980 1981
Shaw
1981 Feb. 16-18, 1981 Hose
Mar. 9-11, 1981 May, 4-6, 1981 Trailer Unit
Aug. 17-19, 1981 Aug. 10-12. 1981 Hands-On Demonstrations
DENVER, COLORADO NEW ORLEANS, LOUISlANA Emergency Rescue
1980 1980
Film
Sept. 15-17, 1980 Nov. 10-12, 1980
1981 1981 Demonstration
Apr. 6-8, 1981 May 11-13, 1981 Equipment
June. 8-10, 1981 CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXAS First Aid
TYLER. TEXAS 1980 Mouth to Mouth Resuscitation
1980 Dec. 1-3, 1980 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Sept. 29-0ct. 1 1980 1981
Shock
1981 Aug. 24-26,1981
Feb. 23-25, 1981 OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA Bleeding
May 18-20, 1981 1981 Burns
Aug. 3-5, 1981 Jan. 5-7, 1981 Hands-On Demonstration with a Computer
LAFAYETTE, LOUISIANA Mar. 30-April 1, 1981 Monitored Figurine.
1980 June 29-July 1, 1981 Sour Gas In The Drilling Industry
0ct. 6-8, 1980 TUSLA, OKLAHOMA
Dec. 8-10, 1980 1981
Well Planning
1981 Jan 12-14, 1981 Contingency Planning
Feb. 2-4, 1981 JACKS0N, MISSISSIPPI Tubular Goods
Apr. 28-29, 1981 1981 Blowout Preventers
July 27-29. 1981 Mar. 23-25, 1981 Corrosion Testing
HOUSTON, TEXAS RIVERTON, WYOMING Mud System
1980 1981
Fluid TypeS
Oct. 13-15, 1980 Jun. 15.17, 1981
1981 CASPER. WYOMING Mud Control
Jan. 26-28, 1981 1981 Mud Additives to Remove H2S and Appropriate Testing
Mar. 16-18, 1981 June 22-24, 1981 Methods
June 1-3, 1981 Introduction To Blowout Prevention
MIDLAND. TEXAS (Including a film)
1980
0ct. 21-29, 1980
Dec. 15-17, 1980
1981
Feb. 9-11, 1981
Apr. 20-22, 1981
July 20-22, 1981
COURSE FEE: $300.00
21

4-9
5. DETECTION EQUIPMENT

5-1
 H2S DETECTION EQUIPMENT

Two Types of detection are required, for equipment and for personnel.

FOR EQUIPMENT

. Sampling of the drilling mud or filtrate may be made with the Baroid Ion
Test Kit part no 642 (H-251225). Suggested stock is 1 per district - it is
good for many tests.

. After equipment has been exposed to H2S, suspected items can be

checked for H2S by using the Baroid Iron H2S detection kit part
no 643 (H-251226).

Instructions on the use of kits 642 and 643 are found in the ALC-A
manual and are extracted and presented in Chapter 11.

FOR PERSONNEL

In known or suspected H2S areas the air must be continuously monitored

to check for the possible presence of H2S above the 10 ppm limit. Several
electronic devices are available, either of the following two are
recommended.

CONTINUOUS MONITORING :

. ENMET ISA 44 for area monitoring. Equipment by TEXAS ANALYTICAL

is also suitable

. MONITOX 4100 for personal monitoring.

Equipment by BACHARAT has not been found field worthy

“ONE TIME” MONITORING :

The “Sniffer” system by Draeger or Bendix (GASTEC) is recommended and

described later in this chapter.
Lead acetate paper indicators are not recommended.

5-2
 H2S SENSOR HEAD

ENMET ISA 44
(SMALLER CABINET
AVAILABLE)

TEST GAS
BOTTLE
FOR
SYSTEM TEST GAS ADAPTOR TO FIT SENSOR
CALIBRATION

5-3
AREA MONITORING - ENMET ISA 44

Automatic continuous monitoring of ambient air can be carried out using the ISA 44
manufactured by ENMET at approx. $ 1600 (1981 price). The two sensors are to be
connected, one located at the base of the wellhead, the other at the read of the truck
at ground level.

The manufacturers instruction manual is found under the equipment Chapter of this
manual Chapter 11 and describes operation and maintenance of the
ENMET ISA 44A.

This equipment is essential for combo mast truck operations and also recommended
for mast + Iogging trucks. Two sensors are fitted to the rear of the truck – one
adjacent to the well head. One alarm must be the H2S type the other an explosive
gas monitor. The ENMET ISA 44, as ordered, is fitted with two alarm channels each
with two preset levels. The H2S channel is adjusted to light a visual (yellow) alarm at
10 ppm and to light another (red) at 20 ppm. The lighting of the red alarm
simultaneously sounds a horn. The explosive gas channel also has two alarm
levels. The first (yellow light) at 20% LEL ( Lower Explosive Level) and the second
(red) and alarm at 40% LEL. The second alarm relay contacts must be wired to the
combo mast truck automatic shut down to prevent explosion and uncontrollable
engine runaway due to combustible gas ingestion into the engine inlet manifold.

It is important to remember the following points when using gas alarms.

1) Install H2S sensor at a low level about 30cm from ground level. Explosive
gas sensor (Methane) location is less critical and can be mounted at any
point on the rear of the truck. The H2S sensor must be at the well.

2) Protect sensors from water/mud/grease - use protective covers (see

equipment section).

3) Wire to the 12V supply to ensure operation at all times.

4) Sensors should be PURGED using the purge switch at the beginning of

each period of use.

5) Do not kill the sensor by deliberately subjecting it to high concentrations of

H2S or Hydrocarbons.

6) Keep (bottles of) calibration gas and a spare sensor in stock (see
equipment section)

5-4
PERSONNEL MONITORING - MONITOX 4100

A wide selection of Personal electronic H2S monitors are available. One

recommended model is the MONITOX 4100 COMPUR.

COMPUR 4100 MONITOX

This is an electronic gas detector and warning system suitable for use by
individuals.

It consists of a “cigarette packet" sized housing which contains an H2S gas detector,
an electronic circuit, and audio alarm. To ensure that the unit is functioning a quick
check is made with a (accessory)/test unit which generates a small amount of H2S
and also contains an electrical probe for checking the electronics for the MONITOX.

The main advantage of the MONITOX

over other available units is its long
operating life - 2000 hrs. Other units
have an operating life of only 8 hrs or
so. The MONITOX is also widely used
in the Petroleum industry and has
proven robust and reliable in use. The
main disadvantage is its cost which is
about $ 550 each.

The MONITOX sensitivity is set at 10 ppm at the factory, however it is important to

realise that, like all electronic detectors, the alarm will not be set off until several
seconds after the 10 ppm level has been exceeded.

As a guide these times are :

10 ppm

20 ppm 60 sec

30 ppm 10 sec

100 ppm 1 sec

5-5
Most electronic detectors have a “cross sensitivity”. This means not only H2S but
other gases may trigger the alarm. We are unlikely to meet these other gases but for
information they are (for the Monitox 4100).

Hydrogen Cyanide HCN 50 ppm

Hydrogen Chloride
(hydrochloric acid) HCL 100 ppm
Chlorine CL2 50 ppm

THE DETECTOR CELL

The gas detector cell consists of a Silver cell which generates a small current when
H2S is present. This current is amplified and used to trigger the alarm.

REGENERATION TIME

If the detector cell has been exposed to a high H2S concentration it will take time to
recover. For example at 100 ppm the cell will produce current for 2 minutes and the
alarm will sound for this time. Concentrations of 1000 ppm may permanently
damage the detector cell.

5-6
USING THE MONITOX 4100

The detector, to offer the greatest protection, should be located near the wearers
face - The breast pocket, is the most suitable. A chain is also. provided to hang the
unit from the wearers neck.

The unit is not sealed and must be protected from dipping water and dust laden air.

FUNCTION CHECK OF THE MONITOX 4100.

. Check that the detector cap (orange)

is free from dust.
. Turn the switch ON.
. Place MONITOX on top of the gas
generator as shown, ensuring that the
gas plunger is depressed.
. After a few seconds the MONITOX
should alarm.
. Remove MONITOX immediately and
leave the switch ON - it is ready for
use.
. If the gas generator red light
illuminates during the above check
refer to Chapter 11 of this manual.

BATTERY CHECK

. Turn the switch to the BATT position briefly.

. An audible undulating tone should be heard.
. Turn switch to ON.

If this test is satisfactory the batteries are good for at least a further 8 hrs.

WARNING

IN COMMON WITH ALL CATALYTIC DEVICES,

SILICONE BASED LUBRICANTS, CORROSION
INHIBITORS AND WATER REPELLANT AGENTS
MUST NOT BE USED ON OR NEAR SENSORS
OR THEIR TERMINAL CHAMBERS.

USE OF SUCH COMPOUNDS CAUSES LOSS OF

SENSITIVITY OWING TO INHIBITION OR
POISONING OF THE CATALYST.

5-7
GENERAL PURPOSE DETECTORS “SNIFFER” TYPE

A general purpose H2S detector consisting of a calibrated suction bellows unit and a
glass tube containing sensitive chemicals is available for accurately measuring
concentrations in specific areas. For example to determine concentration in well
head gas. (two recommended types are manufactured by Draeger or Bendix
(GASTEC).

DRAEGER MULTIGAS DETECTOR

A wide range of tubes are available covering not only H2S but Carbon Monoxide,
Benzene etc which can be used for checking vehicle cabs or exhausts. Tubes are
also available for checking the levels of Carbon Dioxide or Carbon Monoxide in
SCBA cylinders.

The Pump
This is a bellows pump. It can be
operated with one hand and sucks in
exactly 100 cm 3 of gas per stroke.
The pump requires practically no
maintenance.

The Tube
The DRÄGER tube is a glass tube
fused at both ends. It contains a
miniature laboratory, supplementing
conventional analysis processes. The
filling preparations used in DRÄGER
tubes are extremely stable, with a
shelf life of 2 years.
For measurement, both tips of a
DRÄGER tube are broken off and the
tube is inserted in the pump. The
prescribed number of strokes is made
and the colour indication evaluated.
The numerical value determined is a
measure of the gas concentration (e.g.
in ppm).
There are DRÄGER tubes for
measurement of the most varied
gases and vapours – an analysis
system with many applications.

See Chapter 11 of this manual for details of tubes and ordering.

Our standard H2S tube is # 67 19001 1-1200 ppm. Our standard S02 tube is
CH 31701. Other tubes to be kept in the location.

5-8
Draegers Operating Instructions :- See also Chapter 11 for
maintenance
SUMMARY OF OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

1. Check the pump for leaks before

each series of measurements.
2. Break off both tips of the DRÄGER
Tube in the break-off eyelet (Fig. 3)
or in the break-off husk (Fig. 4).
3. Tightly insert the DRÄGER Tube in
the pump head with the arrow
pointing towards the pump (Fig. 5). Fig. 4 31823
4. Hold the pump as shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 3 31822

5. Fully compress the bellows (Fig. 7).

6. Straighten the fingers. The suction
process takes place automatically
and is completed when the limit chain
it taut (Fig. 9).
7. Repeat the suction process as often
as specified in the Tube Operating
Instructions.
8. Evaluate the indication as described
in the Tube Operating instructions.

Fig. 5 31824 Fig. 6 31825

Fig. 7 31826 Fig. 8 31830 Fig. 9 31827

5-9
Detailed operating instructions - extract from Draeger MULTIGAS DETECTOR
MANUAL.
Refer to opposite page for figures.
Description of the Instrument
The two essential components of the DR ÄGER
Multi Gas Detector are the gas detector pump
(also called the bellows pump) and DR ÄGER
Tubes chosen as a function of the
measurement to be carried out. The pump and
Tube together form a complete unit. All the
information given in DRÄGER publications
on the reliability of the indications is valid
only when a DRÄGER bellows pump is
used in conjunction with DRÄGER Tubes (it
is not admissible to combine tubes and
pumps of different manufacturers).
The DRÄGER Multi Gas Detector Model 21/31
(Fig. 1) consists of a carrying case containing
the bellows pump Model 31, a carrying strap, a
break-off husk, tools and spare parts for
maintenance of the pump, the Instructions for
Use and a supply of rubber caps for sealing
used detector tubes. The case also has space
for a supply of detector tubes and various
accessories.
The bellows pump simultaneously sucks in
and measures the gas volume. It has been
designed for maximum simplicity and
accuracy. The pump can easily be operated
with one hand and sucks in 100 cm 3 per
stroke.
The pump can be carried around the wrist by
means of a carrying strap (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2 31827
Use of the Instrument
Breaking-off the tips of the Tube
Break off both tips of the DRÄGER Tube in the
break-off eyelet (Fig. 3). The break-off husk
(Fig. 4) can also be used for this purpose. This
ensures that glass splinters do not fall onto the
floor.
Inserting the DRÄGER Tube in the Pump
Insert the opened DRÄGER Tube in the pump
head so that the arrow points towards the
pump. The Tube must fit firmly and tightly in
the pump head stopper so that no by-pass air
can be sucked in (Fig. 5).
Sucking-in the Gas Sample
Hold the pump in the hand with the pump
between the thumb and the base of the index
finger and the fingers resting on the front plate
(Fig. 6).
Compress the bellows completely (Fig. 7)
and then release it (Fig. 9).
When the bellows is compressed, the air in it
escapes through the outlet valve and not
through the Tube, since the Tube has a much
higher resistance than the outlet valve. The
pump suction operation commences when the
fingers are relaxed. The compression springs
inside the bellows, which are placed under
stress when the bellows is compressed, extend
and the outlet valve is closed through the
vacuum created in the bellows. The air flows
through the DRÄGER Tube into the bellows
while the latter returns to its original volume
(Fig. 9). The volume of air sucked-in by the
DRÄGER Tube is defined by the dimensions
and stroke of the bellows. It amounts to 100 cm
3 per stroke. The end of the suction
movement is reached when the limit chain
is completely taut. Since the suction of the
pump is caused only by the relaxation of the
springs, any subjective influence is excluded.
Consequently, the rate of flow of the air in the
DRÄGER Tube, which is decisive for the
accuracy of measurement, is determined
exclusively by the spring force of the pump and
the resistance of the tube filling, which is fixed
during manufacture. To check that testing
takes place correctly, see also the section on
“Opening time” in the Tube Operating
Instructions. When testing, make the number of
pump strokes specified in the Operating
Instructions for the Tube concerned.
5-10
BENDIX (GASTEC) DETECTOR

This detector is marketed in the USA as the Bendix Gastec Precision Gas Detector
and supplied by VALLEN, Houston. It is manufactured by GASTEC CORP. Japan
and can be purchased directly, see chapter 11 for master order.

The detector is similar in operation to the Dreager

but consist of a piston pump. It has been found
more practical to use than the Draeger as only a
single stroke is necessary to obtain a significantly
sensitive measurement. A wide selection of
detector tubes are available of various sensitivities
and for several chemicals, but does not quite
match the overall chemical range offered by
Draeger. However the range is adequate for our
H2S /S02 detection needs.

Gastec and Dreager tubes are not interchangeable

due to the diameters and flow rates.

Principle of Gastec Detector Tube

Each detector tube contains in a precise amount of detecting reagents in a constant

inner diameter glass tub and is hermetically sealed at both ends.

To operate, break tips off a fresh tube and connect the tube to the Gastec sampling
pump and pull the handle to take the required sample ( sample gas). The chemical
reagent in the detector tube will then react with the sample gas immediately and a
colour stain will develop starting at the inlet of the detector tube. The gas
concentration is measured at the interface of stained-to-unstained reagent when
staining stops.

Gastec detector tubes contain calorimetric reagents absorbed on fine grain silica
gel, activated alumina or other absorbing media. The reagents are sensitive to
particular gases or vapors and react quantitatively to provide a length-of-stain
indication.
5-11
Characteristics of Gastec Detector Tube

Detector Tube

1. Precision direct reading calibration scale printed on each tube.

2. Every tube and tube box displays the quality control number and chemical
symbol.

3. Controlled small internal diameter of tubes provide longer stain length with
one pump stroke (100 ml), resulting in more accurate readings and shorter
sampling times.

4. Sensitive reagents with high reaction rates provide a clear line of demarcation
of color stain, for improved accuracy in tube reading.

The recommended tubes to be used are:

For H2S tube 4LL, 1 stroke 5 - 60 ppm H2S

For SO2 tube 5L, 1 stroke 5 - 100 ppm

The 4LL tube for H2S is certified for use in the USA. A certified 5La version for S02 is
available but requires multiple strokes and is not recommended as its use could be
confusing. The 5L tube is adequate for field use.

Operating Procedure for Gastec Precision Gas Detector System.

Sampling & Measurement Procedure

1. Break tips off a fresh detector tube by bending each tube end in the tube tip
breaker of the pump.
2. Insert tube securely into pump inlet with arrow on tube pointing toward pump.
3. Make certain pump handle is all the way in. Align red dots on pump body and
handle.
4. Pull handle out to desired stroke volume. Handle can be locked on either 1/2
pump stroke (50 cc) or 1 pump stroke (100 cc).
5. Read concentration at the interface of stained-to-unstained reagent when
staining stops. Unlock handle by making 1/4 turn and return it to starting
position.
6. In case more pump. strokes are indicated in instruction sheet included in
each box of tubes, take additional sample by repeating pump strokes without
removing tube.

5-12
OTHER TYPES OF DETECTORS

Two other kinds of Chemical ( Lead acetate) detectors are commonly found but are
not recommended for protection as continuous visual observation and operation are
necessary.

Measurements are made by comparison with a colour chart. In high concentrations

the observer could be overcome before having completed the checks. Nevertheless
these devices are described for completeness.

INPREGNATED PAPER CASSETTE

This comprises a cassette of

paper tape impregnated with a
lead acetate. The paper tape can
be advanced across an open port
where external gases react with
the acetate during a preset time -
usually 3 minutes.

At the end of this period the

colour change is compared with a
colour chart attached to the side
of the cassette.

AMPOULE

In this device a fabric cotton covered glass phial containing lead acetate crystals is
crushed and suspended in the tested air for 1 minute. The ampoule's colour is then
compared with a colour chart within the next 30 seconds.

Both of the above devices should only be used to monitor whether H2S is present
over a long period - to try and use them as a alarms or to quickly check
contamination levels can be highly dangerous due to reaction times.

5-13
5-14
6. RESPIRATORS

6-1
6-2
 H2S BREATHING APPARATUS

This section covers self contained breathing apparatus and escape masks.

SELF CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SCBA)

Specialised breathing apparatus is required to work in ambient air with an H2S

concentration above 10 ppm. Only positive (pressure) demand SCBA shall be used.
In the positive pressure mode the breathing apparatus regulator provides a constant
regular air supply to the facemask, which maintains a higher pressure inside the
facemask than the outside ambient air. A positive faceseal is necessary to retain air
in side the face mask and to eliminate outward leakage (waste of air supply). In the
event of a poor facemask seal , air flows outward thereby preventing the entry of
outside contaminated air.
The most commonly found model is the Scott Air Pak IIa. It is the Industry Standard
and is field worthy, durable and certified by relevant government agencies. It
provides a 30 minutes air supply under moderate working stress and less time
under high stress conditions. Some clients use the same mask and control system
but with a central air supply connected by hoses. This is known as the “cascade”
type. This type may be worn for several hours as the air supply may be very large.
With this type of equipment a small 5 minute air supply is failure of the central
carried individually to facilitate escape in case of system.

USING THE SCOTT AlRPAK IIA S.C.B.A.

There are two methods of donning the Scott Air Pak IIa.

NORMAL - Prior to entering a contaminated area.

EMERGENCY - Donning in an H2S atmosphere.

Both methods must be learned, practised and a person must practically demonstrate
that he is able to use the equipment.

6-3
KNOW THE PARTS

CHEST STRAP

COMPRESSED AIR BOTTLE REGULATOR

MASK

MASTER VALVE WAIST STRAP

AIR SUPPLY GAUGE

PRESSURE DEMAND FACE MASK OUTLET

ON-OFF SWITCH
(SHOWN ON)

AIR SUPPLY GAUGE

REGULATOR AIR VALVE

BY PASS AIR VALVE

EMERGENCY ONLY

6-4
NORMAL METHOD

1. OPEN CONTAINER :

Pull out the two

plastic latches and
raise the lid.

NOTE: apply pres-

sure to the
centre of the
latch to open.

2. CHECK RED EMERGENCY BY PASS VALVE IS CLOSED, It is located on

regulator, turn fully clockwise until closed (about 1 turn ).

3. CHECK YELLOW REGULATOR VALVE IS OPEN, TURN ANTICLOCKWISE

UNTIL FULLY OPEN (about 1½ turns). To close depress clip ratchet and turn
clockwise.

4. PLACE PRESSURE DEMAND SWITCH OFF, it is located on the regulator.

As a standard practice equipment must be stored with valves in the above

positions. In case of emergency the user would then only have to turn on the
MASTERVALVE and donn the mask.

6-5
5. TURN MASTER VALVE ON : The master valve is located at top of the bottle
on the side of the manifold
opposite the hose outlet.

Turn it anticlockwise 2½ turns.

Note : To close the valve push

valve knob inwards and turn
Clockwise.

Note that bell rings

momentarily. There should be
no further flow of air. This
provides a function check of
the pak-alarm.

6. STAND AT THE BOTTOM OF THE BOTTLE : at opposite end from master

valve.

7. LIFT OUT MASK AND PLACE ON THE FAR LEFT, REGULATOR ON

YOUR LEFT : (This is very important as failure to do this will result in the face
mask falling between the cylinder and regulator when picked up).

8. GRIP BACK PACK FRAME WITH BOTH HANDS : Ensure straps lie
at sides of your
hands and have
been fully extended
(they should have
been packed like
this)

It is essential that
there are no
straps/hoses
between your hands
at this time.

6-6
9. PICK UP WHOLE UNIT, AND, BENDING SLIGHTLY, REST IT ON YOUR
NECK AND SHOULDERS.

10. FASTEN CHEST STRAP - PULL TIGHT - tighten by pulling side straps.

11. STAND UP AND ALLOW BOTTLE TO SLIDE DOWN YOUR BACK.

12. FASTEN WAIST STRAP, PULL TIGHT.

6-7
13. INSTALL FACE MASK, - Caution. Some trainees may suffer claustrophobia
at this time.

First place chin into mask pull straps overhead

14. TIGHTEN STRAPS

then top strap

if necessary to
First lower straps then middle straps remove slack.

6-8
15. FLIP SWITCH UP TO PRESSURE DEMAND MODE ON

Check that air leaks out of mask when an intentional leak is made and then
stops when released.

16. Use the red BYPASS valve to give a comfortable air flow in case of any
defect in the regulator during use, and then escape.

Move/turn head side to side, up and down and ensure seal is maintained.

Walk about , bend down, pick up objects to familiarize yourself with this new
working environment.

EQUIPMENT IS NOW READY FOR USE

6-9
SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN RESPIRATOR USE

FACIAL HAIR :
Facial hair laying between the sealing surface of the respirator facepiece and the
wearer’s skin will prevent an effective seal. Even one day’s growth of stubble may
permit unacceptable loss of air in the pressure demand mode and may in some
cases allow contaminated air to enter.

CONTACT LENSES :
Contact lenses are a definite hazard and should not be worn while wearing a
respirator.

CORRECTIVES SPECTACLES :
Corrective spectacles with temple bars or straps that interfere with the respirator
face seal shall not be used as it will permit excessive contaminant penetration.
Optional fittings to take corrective lenses are available - see master order, Chapter
11.

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTURBANCE :
Psychological disturbances such as Claustrophia are a definite hazard to the wearer
of a respirator and must be carefully evaluated during training.

MISCELLANEOUS SEALING PROBLEMS :

Sealing problems vary according to the individual; some are pronounced, others are
not detected until a fit test is performed. The more noticeable ones are scars, hollow
temples, very prominent cheek bones, deep skin creases, the lack of teeth or
dentures.

DISCOMFORT :
A person wearing an SCBA is going to be subject to some because breathing is
more difficult , sight is somewhat discomfort restricted, movement and voice
communication may be restricted or lacking. Only through training and
familiarization drills can most of these discomforts be reduced to a minimum.

Proficiency

To be considered proficient the user must be able to put equipment on within

one minute. This is the maximum time considered practical for person to have been
given the alarm, hold his breath, put on the equipment and breath with it.

Most people - with training, can donn the equipment in less than 30 seconds.

OBTAINING AN EFFECTIVE SEAL IS MANDATORY FOR USING SCBA

note that different types of masks may seal more or less effectively.

6-10
EMERGENCY USE OF SCBA

OPEN THE CASE

TURN ON MASTER VALVE AT TOP OF BOTTLE

FLIP PRESSURE DEMAND ON

PUT ON MASK

SWING PRESSURE PAK OVER SHOULDER

ESCAPE

FIT PRESSURE PAK PROPERLY

RETURN TO WORK AREA FOR RESCUE ONLY

ENGINEER DISCRETION TO FINISH OR ABANDON RUN

6-11
 “MlNUTE VOLUME AlR FLOW RATES”

Activity Cubic Feet of air Minute Volume Endurance with

per minute liters per minute 45 cu ft Airpak
minutes

Sleep 0.2 6.0

Rest 0.3 9.3
Light work 0.7 19.7 64
Medium work 1.0 29.2 45
Medium heavy work 1.4 40 32
Heavy work 2.1 59.5 21
Maximum work 4.6 132.0 10
The above quoted table is from the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory of The
University of California Manual LA -6671-M entitled “A Guide to Industrial
Respiratory Protection”.

The Scott Airpak is rated "30 minutes”.

CONSERVATION OF AlR :

When using the self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) the conservatation of air
is extremely important because the air we learn to conserve may be the air that is
needed to rescue one or more victims or to get us out of a hazardous area. To
conserve air the wearer of the SCBA must develop proper breathing control; this is
slow, free, rhythmic breathing (no skip breathing or extra shallow breaths). To
acquire conservation breathing habits requires experience, which can only be
gained through organized training and practice during timed wearing of the unit while
performing various tasks.

Excitement, emotions and fears will cause the wearer of the SCBA to consume air
at a needless rate. The wearer must remain as calm as possible and relaxed in any
and all situations to help conserve air and to react and think logically. Work should
be accomplished at a steady pace so as “not to over-exert and expend too much
energy and waste air. The wearer’s physical condition also plays an important part
in his air consumption rate.

When the SCBA is not needed, the face piece can be removed. That is if you are in
a safe atmosphere and if your clothing is safe. If clothing is contaminated with crude
or mud containing H2S it must be removed out doors while wearing an SCBA. DO
NOT ENTER AN ENCLOSED AREA TO CHANGE YOUR CLOTHING.
6-12
TALKING OFF THE UNIT

PRESSURE DEMAND SWITCH OFF

LOOSEN FACE MASK STRAPS BY STROKING HAND FORWARD OVER

STRAPS.

REMOVE MASK BY LIFTING FROM CHIN FIRST

UNFASTEN WAIST STRAP

RELEASE TABS

UNFASTEN CHEST STRAP AND SWING UNIT OFF LEFT SHOULDER

PROTECT CROTCH

TURN OFF MASTER VALVE

BLEED OFF REGULATOR PRESSURE BY BREATHING IN FACE UNIT

OR CRACKING BYPASS.

EXTEND ALL STRAPS

REFILL UNIT

STERILISE FACE MASK AND AIR DRY

REPACK

6-13
AlR-PAK
1. COMPLETENESS
A. MASK ASSEMBLY
B. CYLINDER & VALVE
C. HARNESS ASSEMBLY
D. REGULATOR & HOSE
2. CYLINDER PRESSURE
3. Ready For Immediate Use
DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS
1.COMPLETENESS
Make sure all the required components
are available - Mask and breathing tube
assembly. cylinder and valve assembly,
4. CLEANING & DISINFECTING
harness and backplate assembly
complete with all straps.
2.CYLINDER PRESSURE
Check the ICC or DOT specification on
the neck of the cylinder. The older Air-
Paks will have an ICC3AA1800
designation, Providing a "+" sign follows
the last hydrostatic test date, the cylinder
should be charged to 1800 psi + 10% or
1800 + 180 or 1980 psi. The DOT
3AA2015 and SP6498 cylinders should
be charged to 2216 psi. Also check to
make sure the cylinder is still within
hydrostatic test date. It must be tested
every 5 years.
3.CONDITION CHECK
Visually examine the breathing tube and
facepiece assembly, including the
exhalation valve for any signs of wear,
deterioration, wrinkling or broken parts.
BEFORE EACH USE
MONTHLY INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
2.1. FULLY CHARGED CYLINDER
2.2. CONDITION CHECK
A. MASK & BREATHING TUBE-
INCLUDING EXHALATION VALVE
B. HARNESS ASSEMBLY
2.3. CLEAN & DISINFECT
2.4. OPERATIONAL CHECK
2.5. Ready For Immediate Use
Pull or stretch the breathing tube to
check for cracking or checking. If
excessive have it replaced.
Depending upon the cleaning procedure
adopted, each worker/fire fighter should
be briefed on the cleaning procedure and
each designated individual shall clean
each device within a specified time. In
addition to cleaning the entire device, the
facepiece and breathing tube should be
disinfected. The following procedure is
the ANSI recommendation:
(a) Separate facepiece and breathing
tube from remainder of device.
(b) Wash facepiece and breathing tube
in cleaner disinfectant or detergent
solution. Use a sponge to facilitate
removal of dirt.
(c) Rinse completely in clean, warm
water.
(d) Air-dry in a clean area.
(e) Damp sponge the regulator, harness
and backplate.
(f) Inspect all parts as prescribed in
Steps 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6.
AFTER EACH USE
3.1. FULLY CHARGED CYLINDER
3.2. CONDITION CHECK
3.3. LEAK CHECK
A. CYLINDER VALVE
B. REGULATOR
3.4. DON UNIT/OPERATIONAL CHECK
3.5. CORRECT DEFICIENCIES
3.6. Ready For Immediate Use
(g) Reassemble device and arrange in
storage rack or container in ready
position.
Cleaner-disinfectant solutions are
available that clean effectively and also
contain an antibacterial agent.
Alternatively, rubber parts may be
washed in a liquid detergent solution,
then immersed in either: 1) a
hypochlorite solution (50 ppm of
chlorine) for 2 minutes: 2) an aqueous
5. LEAK CHECK
iodine solution (50 ppm of iodine) for 2
minutes : or 3) a quaternary ammonium
solution (200 ppm of quaternary
ammonium compounds in water of less
than 500 ppm total hardness). To prevent
dermatitis and damage to parts,
immersion times shall be adhered to,
and disinfectants shall be thoroughly
rinsed from disinfected parts.
Strong cleaning and disinfecting agents
can damage parts. Vigorous mechanical
agitation shall not be used. Solvents
other than water should be used with
Caution.
MONTHLY INSPECTION
Spare facepieces and breathing tubes
should be available for use in the event a
second alarm sounds while the original
facepieces and tubes are being cleaned
or are drying.
Apply soapy water to the cylinder to
valve connector, the relief device, the
pressure gauge connection, the
regulator hose to valve connection and
to the regulator. Open the cylinder valve
and apply soapy water to the valve stem.
Expanding bubbles indicate leakage.
Test the regulator by turning off the
cylinder valve to observe any decrease
in pressure as indicated on the regulator
gauge. A decrease in pressure indicates
Ieakage. Use soapy water to isolate.
6. OPERATIONAL CHECK
Check the integrity of the diaphragm by
gently pressurizing the regulator outlet
with an exhalation. There should be no
indication of escaping air from the
regulator. Don the apparatus and
operate it in a normal manner. Air
should flow to the wearer only during
inhalation or when the by-pass valve is
opened. Any other air flow in the
facepiece would indicate a malfunction.
Observe that the Pak-Alarm*rings
between 520/620 psig. If the apparatus
does not function in the prescribed
manner, tag for repair.
7. REPAIRS (CORRECT
DEFICIENCIES)
All repairs to the apparatus are limited
by the amount and degree of repair as
authorized by the manufacturer and the
training received by the individual. If you
have any question, please contact Scott
Aviation.
6-14
REPACKING

The unit must be repacked so that it is ready for emergency use.

Repacking to ensure that the airpak is ready for immediate use should be done by
the same person in the district. This person must be assigned by the district
manager and should be the mechanic (when trained).

The purpose of repacking is to ensure that the equipment is ready for immediate use
and that it is packed to the same standard and the same way every time.

Use the AIRPAK chart opposite for detailed check.

MONTHLY INSPECTION

1. CHECK COMPLETENESS

2. CHECK CYLINDER IS FULLY CHARGED

3. CHECK EQUIPMENT IS CLEAN AND STERILISED

4. CHECK STRAPS FULLY EXTENDED

5. PLACE MASK STRAPS OVER THE FRONT OF THE MASK. SEE

PHOTOGRAPH.

6. CHECK VALVES ARE IN CORRECT POSITION :

. RED BYPASS CLOSED

. YELLOW REGULATOR VALVE OPEN

. PRESSURE DEMAND SWITCH OFF

. MASTER VALVE CLOSED

7. PACK AS SHOWN

8. PLACE RITE LABEL OVER LATCH.

A control sheet for following monthly maintenance checks is given in Chapter 11.

6-15
 PACKING

PRESSURE DEMAND OFF

MASTER VALVE CLOSED

BYPASS VALVE CLOSED

HEAD STRAPS OVER REGULATOR VALVE OPEN

ALL STRAPS FULLY EXTENDED

6-16
FILLING

The filling of airpak cylinders must be done by trained personnel with special
equipment. We cannot use the WAC-A/B/C for WST as this has no, air filter and
uses mineral oil as a lubricant. It is best to find a local contractor or our client to
provide this service.

Compressed air used to fill SCBA must meet the following quality which is called
“grade D breathing air”.

Oxygen content 19 - 23%

Balance predominantly Nitrogen
Hydrocarbon (Condensed) < 5 mg/M3
Carbon Monoxide < 20 ppm
Carbon Dioxide < 1000 ppm

Dreager Sniffer and detector tubes must be used to check contents for recording.
See the equipment section for tube part numbers for ordering.

AlRPAK MAINTENANCE

Maintenance is performed at two levels as a MONTHLY INSPECTION and as a

COMPLETE OVERHAUL.

Depending on use, the complete overhaul should be done between 1 year and 2½
years. Every second complete overhaul involves hydraulic testing of the cylinder (5
year validation).

Apart from the continental United States and Canada, only one other Airpak service
centre exists - in Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia. One may be opened early 1982 in
Singapore. Some clients have their own specially trained personnel who are
qualified to work on the equipment.

Apart from the monthly inspection shown opposite NO FURTHER WORK MUST BE
DONE ON THE EQUIPMENT UNLESS PERFORMED BY A PERSON CERTIFIED
BY THE MANUFACTURER. Suitable 2 day courses a reconducted at owners
expense by the manufacturer or his assigned agents.

Components used in repairs and maintenance shall be manufacturers specified

parts.

6-17

PURPOSE
The heart of the Scott Air-Pak is the demand
regulator. It automatically functions to reduce high
air cylinder storage pressures to lower usable
pressures and to supply this usable breathing air to
the user upon demand. The regulator supplies
breathing air to the facepiece in proportion to the
amount of air demanded by the user.
OPERATION
Air at cylinder pressure enters the regulator at the
inlet connector. Passage F leads to gauge A which
indicates the cylinder supply pressure. Air from
passage F also flows through the normally open
main-line valve at orifice E and through passage D
, to the first stage valve C. Valve C throttles the
high pressure air down to a lower pressure. Inside
the bellows chamber N, this lower pressure is
maintained by the spring loaded bellows assembly
P. If the pressure inside the bellows chamber tends
to increase, the bellows expands causing lever O
to close the first stage valve C. If the chamber
pressure tends to decrease, the bellows assembly
P contracts causing lever O to release the first
stage valve C, allowing air to enter. Through this
action the bellows chamber pressure is maintained
at a constant preset pressure.
The low pressure air is conveyed through passage
R to the demand valve J. Operation of the demand
valve is dependent upon movement of the
diaphragm K. When the pressure in the main
chamber L is reduced by inhalation, the diaphragm
K is forced inward (toward the chamber) by
ambient pressure acting on the outside of the
diaphragm. This. depression of the diaphragm tilts
the demand valve J causing the low pressure air to
flow past the demand valve seat into the main
chamber Land out the facepiece connection M to
the user. When in-halation ceases, the pressure
inside the main chamber increases causing the
diaphragm to return to its original position. This
permits the valve spring to close the demand valve
J and shut off the flow of low pressure air. During
exhalation the regulator remains in this condition,
ready to repeat the operation cycle at the next
inhalation.
Positive pressure regulators use a different front
cover which has a spring loaded mechanism that
deflects diaphragm K until positive pressure is built
H/S 5069C 11/79 SCOTT AVIATION, A Division of A-T-O Inc., LANCASTER, N.Y. 14086
up and maintained in main chamber L. This
spring maintains a positive pressure in the main
chamber Land facepiece.
EMERGENCY AIR-PAK® REGULATOR
FUNCTIONS
During normal operation, the main-line valve
(yellow knob) is fully open and locked while the
by-pass valve (red knob) is closed. In the event of
regulator malfunction, the by-pass valve provides
an adjustable flow of air into the main chamber L
via passage B. If the by-pass valve is needed, it A Pressure Gauge
should be turned on first, then the main-line valve B Passage
closed. The by-pass valve may be adjusted to C First Stage Valve
meter the amount of air required by the user while D Air Passage
completely by-passing the regulator mechanism E Orifice
during egress from the contaminated F Air Passage
environment. G Relief Valve
In the event that the demand valve J should stick H Reciprocating Piston
open, orifice Q would limit the volume of air flow. I Bell
Pressure build-up is prevented by the facepiece J Demand Valve
ex-halation valve and by outward leakage around K Diaphragm
the facepiece periphery. L Main Chamber
M Facepiece Connection
If the pressure in passage R should exceed the (Regulator Outlet)
preset level, relief valve G will protect the N Bellows Chamber
regulator mechanism by discharging the air in a O Lever
continuous flow and at a reduced rate into the P Bellows Assembly
main chamber. This continuous flow of air Q Orifice
provides a warning for conversion to by-pass R Passage
operation.
PAK-ALARM ®
OPERATION
The Pak-Alarm is mounted in the base of the
regulator. It contains a pressure sensing piston
and disc which actuate a reciprocating piston H.
As the cylinder pressure falls to approximately
570 psi, the pressure sensing piston depresses
the disc. Depression of the disc causes air to flow
to the reciprocating piston H which strikes the bell
I. As the reciprocating piston strikes the bell I, a
small amount of air is allowed to escape. This
action reduces the pressure, permitting the piston
spring to return the reciprocating piston to its
original position. Pressure is then allowed to
rapidly rebuild, causing continual ringing of the
bell until the cylinder pressure falls below 200 psi.
Printed in USA
6-18
AIR CYLINDERS
Cylinders are an important asset in the storage of large quantities of certified
compressed breathing air for use with hoseline SCBA.
1. Typical Cylinder Markings:

1. Cylinder Specification consisting of three sections:

(a) DOT - Department of Transportation (Formerly ICC - Interstate Commerce Commission)
Regulatory body which governs use of cylinders.
(b) 3AA- Specification of type and material of cylinder construction.
(c) 2265- Service pressure in pounds per square inch.

2. 12345- Cylinder serial number (See Note A)

3. Gas Inc. - Identifying symbol (See Note A)

4. Manufacturing Data:
(a) 4-70 - Date of manufacture and original test date
(b) (XX) - Inspector’s official mark
(c) + - Cylinder qualifies for 110% filling

5. (YY) - Manufacturer’s identifying symbol

6. Retest Markings:
(a) 4-75 - Date of first 5 year hydrostatic retest
(b) ABC - Retester identifying symbol
(c) + - Cylinder requalifies for 100% filling
(d) - Cylinder qualifies for 10 year retest interval

7. Neck ring owner’s identification

NOTES:

A. Serial number and identifying symbol may be that of purchaser. user or manufacturer.

B. “Spun” or “Plug” must be stamped near DOT markwhen an end closure in the finished cylinder
has been welded by the spinning process, or affected by plugging.

C. Markings “5” and “6” are usually shown diametrically opposite other markings on the cylinder
neck.

The above information was taken from the U.S.A. “Compressed Gas Association
Inc., Pamphlet C-1 Page 9”.

6-19
ESCAPE MASKS
In conditions of known high H2S concentration in the well but where no free H2S is
present at any time during out operation it is more practical and is acceptable to
carry an escape mask rather than to wear an SCBA. Suitable “Gas Masks” are
available. A recommended type is the Draeger PARAT II.

Types with mouth piece fittings are the simplest form of respiratory connection. They
consist essentially of a mouthpiece and nose clip. The mouthpiece is completely
surrounded by the lips, giving a very reliable seal. The nose clip prevents
contaminants from entering through the nose. Mouthpiece fittings completely
suppress the sense of smelI and the ability to speak.

1. THIS IS WORN ON THE BELT.

2. WHEN H2S IS DETECTED THE
USER PULL THE RIP PLACES
THE CLIP ON HIS NOSE AND
INSERT THE MOUTH PIECE.
3. THE MASK CAN ONLY BE
USED ONCE and is for escape
only. Under no circumstances
must it be used for working or
remaining in an H2S atmosphere.

Immediate readiness for use :

rip pack open, put on apparatus,
breathe.
High filter capacity.
Low breathing resistance.
Can be stored for 4 years when
unused and sealed in the plastic
box .
Like all filter apparatus, parat II
is dependent on the surrounding
atmosphere, i.e. the oxygen
concentration must be at least
17 vol.%. The duration of
protection depends on the
nature and concentration of the
contaminant present.
No protection against carbon
monoxide.

6-20
 CHART SHOWING APPROXIMATE EFFECTIVENESS OF PARAT II
GAS MASK WITH TIME IN AMBIENT AIR WITH
H2S CONCENTRATION OF 10,000 ppm

Escape masks are gas masks which remove H2S by chemical reaction within the
mask element. As polluted air is drawn through the element the chemicals are
gradually consumed and the mask gradually becomes ineffective. The useful life of
a mask is dependant upon the individual, his rate of physical effort and the
concentration of H2S in the ambient air. The above chart shows the approximate
effectiveness of the Parat II mask. In the above example a lethal concentration of
H2S is breathed after about 15 minutes.

6-21
Other Escape Masks

Several manufacturers are placing escape masks on the market. Their use must be
checked with the unit office before purchase. In cases where client provides escape
masks familiarisation with that type is mandatory.

The Scot “SCRAM” type is approved for use but not recommended due to its size,
increased complexity of use and cost effectiveness.

Resuscitators

H2S casualties invariably require immediate ventilation of the lungs. While artificial
respiration is effective the percentage of oxygen breathed into the victims lungs is
about 16% compared with fresh air 21%. Rescusitators are available which

. Perform inflation of the lungs automatically , or manually.

. Ventilate the lungs with 100% oxygen or 21% in types with fresh air or
compressed air.
. Are equipped with devices to ease opening of the respiratory tract - jaw
openers, tongue puller, suction tubes.
. Can resuscitate 1 or 2 victims simultaneously.

The use of resuscitators requires special training beyond the scope of this manual.
Depending upon local conditions of hazard levels and the proximity of skilled
medical assistance division managers may require such equipment to be available
and crews trained in its use.

For reference and without recommendation the following makes are used in the oil
industry.

Draeger Bellows Resuscitator

Draeger Bag Resuscitator

MSA PNEOLATOR

MSA REANIMATION KIT (used by Flopetrol)

Scott # 10600 Rescucitator/Inhalator with “D” Cylinder (SWS -NAM)

Note systems with depressurisation features are forbidden by law in certain

countries ( France ......).

6-22
7. SIGNS

7-1
SIGNS

Signs must be used at entrances to or surrounding wellsites where H2S may be

present. These should be provided by Client.

The following pages show typical signs to be used on entrances and well sites
where H2S may be present.

They must also be available in local languages.

7-2
8. EMERGENCY RESCUE

8-1
 EMERGENCY RESCUE

PROMPT ACTION REQUIRED

RESCUER TO WEAR PRESSURE DEMAND SCBA

REMOVE VICTIM TO CLEAR AREA - CROSSWIND OR ELEVATED.

APPLY ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION (AND EXTERNAL HEART MASSAGE

ONLY IF REQUIRED.

CALL FOR HELP.

OBSERVE PATIENT CONTINUOUSLY AFTER CONSCIOUSNESS

REGAINED.

FLUSH EYES WITH WATER FOR UP TO 15 MINUTES IF AFFECTED.

8-2
9. FIRST AID

9-1
 TREATMENT FOR HYDROGEN SULPHIDE
POISONING

INHALATION

As Hydrogen Sulphide in the blood oxidizes rapidly, symptoms of acute poisoning

pass off when inhalation of gas ceases. It is important, therefore, to remove the
victim of poisoning to fresh air as quickly as possible. He should be kept at rest and
chilling should be prevented. If respiration is slow, laboured or stopped artificial
respiration is necessary.
Most persons overcome by Hydrogen Sulphide may be revived if artificial respiration
is applied before the heart action ceases. Victims of poisoning should be under the
care of a physician as soon as possible. Irritation due to subacute poisoning may
lead to serious complications such as pneumonia. The patient should be kept in
fresh air, and hygienic conditions should be watched carefully.

CONTACT WITH EYES

Eye contact with liquid and/or gas containing Hydrogen Sulphide will cause painful
irritation (conjunctivitis). Keep patient in a darkened room, apply ice compresses to
eyes, put ice on forehead, and send for a physician. Eye irritation caused by
exposure to Hydrogen Sulphide requires treatment by a physician, preferably an eye
specialist. The progress to recovery in these cases is usually good.

CONTACT WITH SKIN

Skin absorption is very low. Skin discoloration is possible after contact with liquids
containing Hydrogen Sulphide. If such skin contact is suspected, the area should be
thoroughly washed.

9-2
 DO YOU KNOWN
THERE IS NO TIME TO WASTE
WHEN BREATHING STOPS

RESCUE BREATHING MUST

BE STARTED FAST ! !

After Breathing is Stopped for : The Chances for Life are :

1 Minute 98 out of 100

2 Minutes 92 out of 100
3 Minutes 72 out of 100
4 Minutes 50 out of 100
5 Minutes 25 out of 100*
6 Minutes 11 out of 100*
7 Minutes 8 out of 100*
8 Minutes 5 out of 100*
9 Minutes 2 out of 100*
10 Minutes 1 out of 100*
11 Minutes 1 out of 1000*
12 Minutes 1 out of 10000*

* Authorities State :

Irreparable brain damage starts at about the fifth minute.

LEARN HOW TO USE

LIFE SAVING EQUIPMENT

9-3
FIRST AID – ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY

FOLLOWS THESE PRIORITIES

1) Make a quick evaluation of the situation

2) Take charge until someone more experienced is available
3)
4)
5)
6)
Send for help
Ensure no further danger to casualties or yourself
Use bystanders to control crowds
MEDICAL PRIORITIES
} NOT H2S
PRIORITIES

1 Place UNCONSCIOUS persons in the RECOVERY POSITION

2 BREATHING - restart if necessary

3 BLEEDING - control it

The RECOVERY POSITION - ensures

optimum ease of breathing.

Practice how to place a heavy unconscious person in the RECOVERY POSITION.

It is harder than you think!

Lay him on his back

Kneel beside him and place both his arms close to his body
Turn the casualty gently on to his side (this may be done by grasping
the clothing at the hip)
Draw up the upper arm until it makes a right angle with the body and
bend the elbow.
Draw up the upper leg until the thigh makes a right angle with the body
and bend the knee
Draw out the underneath arm gently backwards to extend slightly
behind his back
Bend the undermost knee slightly.

9-4
FIRST AID – BREATHING
THERE ARE TWO RECOMMENDED METHODS OF ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

MOUTH TO MOUTH - the kiss of life !

The rescuer breathes air from his own lungs into the casualty’s lungs through the mouth (or nose). The rescuer’s exhaled
breath still contains 16% oxygen which is enough to sustain life.

HOLGER NIELSEN

Is the alternate when the casualty’s face is injured. The rescuer manipulates the arms and chest (back) alternately to move air
into and out of the lungs. This method is slower to initiate but supplies 21% oxygen from the air.

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

call persons name - it may sometimes revive him, if not check breathing.

If breathing has stopped act quickly. If the heart is still beating the body and particularly the brain will only survive 4-6 minutes.
For example a drowned person must receive artificial respiration as soon as his head clears the water. IMMEDIATE ACTION
IS VITAL. NO TIME CAN BE WASTED.

Knell on the right hand side of the person.

CHECK mouth is clear and neck is free from any restriction by turning his
head towards you and inserting two fingers into the upper most
part of mouth and with a downward clawing action across the
top of the tongue. Sweep any debris, vomit, false teeth etc. out of
the mouth.

GIVE FOUR QUICK mouth to mouth respirations. In each case watch the
chest and stomach during the person exhalation. Check that the chest is
rising and not the stomach. In the case of suspected H 2S poisoning
positively AVOID breathing any expelled H 2S.

If the stomach is rising, expel air from stomach by placing and pressing hands over stomach. Remove any debris from mouth.

If person is suspected to have choked, grab hold of persons clothes at his left side and pull him towards you until he is laying
vertically. Apply FOUR firm blows between the lower shoulder blades to expel any debris. Cleanout mouth.

MOUTH TO MOUTH - preferred method

Place your hand on persons
forehead and upper chin.
Force back neck until
nostrils are pointing up. This
is very important.
Pinch persons nose and Observe Chest deflate
breath into his mouth.
Repeat every 4 seconds.

Alternatively your right hand can be placed under the neck. Left hand remains on forehead.

HOLGER NIELSEN METHOD

Used when casualty’s face is injured.

REMEMBER - BEGIN RESUSCITATION AT ONCE.

AND...TEACH YOUR CREW. YOU MAY NEED HIM IF YOU ARE THE PATIENT.

9-5
FIRST AID - External Heart Compression
In some types of accidents the heart stops. It may be restarted or the blood flew temporarily restored by applying the
procedure described below. It is essential to remember that.

THIS MUST NOT BE ATTEMPTED IF THERE IS ANY SIGN OF PULSE - NO MATTER HOW WEAK
IT MUST BE PRECEDED BY FOUR BREATHS OF MOUTH TO MOUTH RESUSCITATION.

When to apply External Heart Compression.

If - patient has no detectable pulse, Check the carotid artery at the

neck, next to adams apple.
- his colour remains blue-grey especially lips, tip of nose and
under eyelid.
- pupils of eyes are widely enlarged. Taking
carotid
ACTION: pulse

1. Lay the casualty on his back on a firm surface (preferably the floor).
2. Thump the chest once smartly over the lower part of the breast the bone. This may start the beat, check the carotid
pulse.
3. Kneel by the casualty. Put the “heel” one one hand on the lower end of the breast bone approximately 2 to 3 finger
widths from the top of the breast bone; cover it with the heel of your other hand (but keep your palms and fingers off
the chest.)
4. Press the lower end of the breast bone down
firmly but evenly by rocking forward on your
straight arms. Chest cavity must compress
about 4 cm for adults, less for children.

Do this
for adults once a second
for children a little faster - about 80
times a minute. Less force is needed;
the pressure of the heel of one hand is
enough.
for babies a hundred times a minute,
using the pressure of two fingers only.

The breast bone pressed repeatedly down

against the heart makes the blood circulate
(and may start the heart beating on its own
again).

SUCCESS IS JUDGED BY:

1. The casualty’s colour approving.

2. The pupils of his eyes contracting to their
normal size.
3. Return of the carotid pul se. This, however, is
not always easily felt.

Set your position accurately by knowing the land-

marks of the chest. Compression badly applied may
injure ribs or other structures. With care this risk may
be minimised by:

1. Using only the heel of the hands (or the fingers

in the case of babies).
2. Pressing only on the lower half of the breast bone.
3. Avoiding jerky action.

A second is longer than you think. Practice with a When the heart has stopped, so has breathing.
watch by your side. Whenever heart compression is needed so is artificial
respiration.
NEVER GIVE HEART COMPRESSION IF THE
If you are alone: alternate artificial respiration with
HEART IS BEATING
heart compression, moving smoothly and quickly from
one to the other. 1 deep inflation of the lungs should be
followed by 5 heart compressions.
The method and use of heart
compression should be taught by a If you have help: one first aider does mouth to mouth
breathing, the other attends to heart compression.
qualified person.

9-6
 CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION

FIRST - 4 QUICK RESPIRATIONS

1 RESCUER 15 COMPRESSIONS 80 per minute

2 RESPIRATIONS

(.... 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 ............. and 15)

2 RESCUERS 5 COMPRESSIONS 60 per minute

1 RESPIRATION

(1 one thousand, 2 one thousand ------ 5 one thousand)

9-7
FIRST AID TRAINING

The teaching of CPR - Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation is becoming widely

accepted as an essential part of everyones education. The effects of H2S poisoning
are such that every crew member must be familiar with CPR techniques.

Two pieces of equipment are especially useful in CPR training :

Dummy - Resusci Ann Torso

Film - CPR for Citizens

The Dummy is widely used in first aid teaching, the Rescusci Ann Torso features :

. Model air passage which only opens when neck is in correct position.

. Movable jaw

. Carotid pulse

. Lungs with chest movement and correct lung volume indicator light.

. Chest compression with indicator lights to show correct compression

and correct hand positioning.

More details and ordering instructions are found at the end of Chapter 11.

Medical alcohol and cotton wool swabs must be available to clean and sterlise the
mouth nose area after use by each person in the course.

Film - CPR for Citizens. about 20 mins.

This film covers resuscitation. It describes and demonstrates the use of Rescusci
Ann and shows typical rescue/CPR situations.

9-8
10. H2S AND CORROSION

10-1
 H2S AND CORROSION
INTRODUCTION
Since some form of corrosion is the cause of the majority of equipment failures, an
understanding of the fundamentals of corrosion control is necessary. The basics of
corrosion mechanisms are given with special emphasis to hydrogen sulphide (H2S)
problems.
The latter part of this section covers the inhibition of the effects of H2S.
Corrosion Mechanism
H2S affects metals principally in two ways. By Corrosion and by Embrittlement. Both
of these phenomenon require a corrosive environment which will be a combination
of :-
Acidity (ph below 7), temperature, partial pressure of H2S, total pressure, presence
of Brine and C02, time, presence of inhibitors.
Corrosion and Embrittlement have been further broken down into recognised
mechanisms.
Corrosion - Weight loss corrosion - electrolytic or bimetallic in nature.
- Metal removal over a large area.
- Pitting corrosion - localised metal removal. Often
severe and difficult to detect. It is
also encountered after welding
due to micro alteration of the
metal surface due to heating.
- Crevice corrosion - without free movement of the
corrosive fluid.

Embrittlement or Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)

- Sulphide stress cracking or Sulphide stress corrosion cracking
(SSCC) or hydrogen embrittlement occurs usually at temperature
below 150°F in low alloy or precipition hardened steels. This
interaction is a function of metal composition, its strength, heat
treatment microstructure and particularly stress level.
- Chloride stress cracking occurs usually at temperatures above
150°F and particularly affects stainless steels containing between
1 and 45% nickel, those in the range of 5-12% are particularly
affected.
The fatigue life of a metal is reduced when the metal is cyclically stressed in a
corrosive environment. The simultaneous occurrence of cyclic stresses and
corrosion is called fatigue. The presence of the corrosive environment augments the
fatigue mechanism and hastens failure.
The presence of dissolved gases such as hydrogen Sulphide, carbon dioxide, and
air causes an increase in corrosivity resulting in decreased corrosion-fatigue life.

10-2
In summary :- abrupt metal failure is the result of

METAL HARDNESS + LOAD + CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENT

METALS FOR H2S

The following metals have specifications for use in H2S environments :

a. Nickle-Copper Alloys Monet 400 & K-500

b. Nickle-Iron-Chromium Alloys Incoloy 800 & 825
c. Nickle-Chromium Alloys Inconel 600 & X-750
d. Nickle-Chromium-Melybdenum Inconel 625, Hastelloy C 276
Hastelloy G & X & Inconel 718
e. Cobalt-Nickle-Chromium- MP 35N, Elgiloy, Havar, &
Molybdenum Alloys Nimonic 105
f. Titanium Titanium

The best all round alloys resistant to sulphide stress cracking, chloride stress
corrosion cracking, pitting, crevice corrosion and general weight loss corrosion are
underlined.

These alloys (except titanium) contain 55-70% Nickel plus Cobalt, 15-20%
chromium and 7-15% molybdenum.

It is now obvious that downhole and surface equipment for H2S operations require
special design incorporating the above types of metals. In making up such
equipment extreme care is required to ensure that H2S proof lock rings, spirol pins
and pressure gauges etc are used and not substituted by standard equipment.

METAL CORROSION TENDENCIES

Most Energy Most Eager

Required for refining To Corrode

Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Nickle
Copper
Silver
Iron Carbide

Lease Energy Least Eager

Required for Refining To Corrode

10-3
CORROSION

Steel is primarily an alloy of iron and carbon. Iron in its pure state is relatively weak
and ductile; however when .2 - 1.0% of carbon is alloyed with the iron, a stronger
metal is formed. As a result of the alloying process, the steel is now a metal
composed of pure iron and iron carbide, which is a product of the iron-carbon
reaction.

The iron carbide, which is distributed as microscopic particles throughout the iron,
has a lower tendency to corrode than does the pure iron. The iron carbide and the
iron are in intimate contact which allows an electron flow to occur. When the steel is
placed in an electrolyte such as water, the electrical circuit becomes complete and
current flows through the microcells. The pure iron acts as the anode, and the iron
carbide acts as the cathode. A representation of this relationship is shown below.

TYPICAL CORROSION SCHEMATIC

10-4
SULPHIDE STRESS CRACKING

When hydrogen atoms are formed on a metal surface by a corrosion reaction, they
often combine to form gaseous molecular hydrogen which is released to the
environment. Some of the hydrogen atoms, however, are absorbed by the metal.
The atomic hydrogen migrates to the grain boundaries of the metal and recombines
to form molecular hydrogen, which occupies a greater volume than the single
hydrogen atom. The formation of the molecular hydrogen causes internal stresses to
increase, allowing hydrogen blistering or hydrogen embrittlement to occur.
The blistering will occur with metals that have a yield strength less than 90,000 psi,
while embrittlement occurs with metals that have a higher yield strength.

When hydrogen sulphide is present in the electrolyte, the sulphide ion reduces the
rate at which the hydrogen atoms combine outside of the metal, which creates a
larger concentration of atomic hydrogen on the metal surface.
A greater portion of the hydrogen atoms can therefore enter the metal and increase
the tendency for blistering or embrittlement to occur.

Failures due to hydrogen embrittlement generally do not occur immediately after

application of the load or exposure to the hydrogen-producing environment. Usually
there is a time period during which no damage is observed followed by a sudden,
catastrophic failure. This phenomenon is referred to as “delayed failure”. The time
before failure is referred to as the incubation period, during which hydrogen is
diffusing to points of high axial stress. The time to failure decreases as the amount
of absorbed hydrogen, applied stress, and strength of the material increases.

EFFECT OF STRESS ON TIME TO FAILURE

10-5
Stress level, either applied or residual, affects sulphide cracking tendencies. The
time to failure decreases as the stress level increases. In most cases the stress
results from tensile load or from the application of pressure. Residual stresses and
hard spots, however, can be created by welding or by cold-working the material.

The time to failure decreases as the hydrogen sulphide concentration increases.

Although delayed failure can occur at very low concentrations, the time to failure
becomes large.

EFFECT OF H2S CONCENTRATION ON TIME TO FAILURE

TIME TO FAILURE (HOURS)

There is evidence that Sulphide stress cracking susceptibility decreases above 150-
200°F. Although the exact temperature has not been defined.

10-6
H2S TESTING PROCEDURES FOR DRILLING FLUIDS

Several testing procedures are available for evaluating hydrogen sulphide, sulphide
and sulphide concentrations in the drilling fluid. The most commonly used
procedures and equipment are (1) qualitative sulphide analysis, (2) HACH
Procedure, (3) Garrett Gas Train, (4) lodine Test for the determination of hydrogen
sulphide in water, (5) Quantitative Copper Carbonate Concentration, (6) Quantitative
Ironite Sponge Concentration and (7) the Mud Duck (Delphian Corporation
patented). This point will not be expanded upon. Information on (4) - the Baroid kit is
available in this manual, Chapter II.

EFFECT OF MUD TYPES ON H2S CORROSION

The presence of an electrolyte is one of the four prerequisites for corrosion to occur.
Corrosion rates increase as the conductivity of the electrolyte increases; conversely,
the rates decrease as electrolyte conductivity decreases. If an electrolyte that has
essentially no conductivity is used, the corrosion process would be reduced to very
low values. This is the case when an oil mud is used as a drilling fluid since the oil
mud has a very low conductivity. See Table 6.

TABLE 6

EFFECT OF MUD TYPE ON CORROSION

H2S HYDROGEN CORROSION

MUD TYPES PRESENCE ON EMBRITTLEMEN RATES (MPY)
COUPONS T
Invermul (3 ppb Lime) NO NO 5.30
Invermul (8 ppb Lime) NO NO 3.99
Low Lime NO NO 3.23
High Lime NO NO 3.42
Nondispersed - Low
Lime with saturated salt,
polymer, starch YES YES 26.60
Lignite/Lignosulfonate
(Starting pH 9-11) YES YES 107.47
Lignite % Lignosulfonate
(Starting ph 11) YES YES 70.02

Series of tests using mild steel coupons and prestressed bearings contaminated
with 2400 ppm H2S rolled sixteen hours at 150°F.

Oil muds are available in two categories which are (1) true oil muds with less than
5% emulsified water, and (2) invert emulsion with greater than 5% water. Relative to
corrosion, the primary concern with either of these systems is that the water phase
remains emulsified which will not allow it to contact the pipe or hole. An electrical
stability test is used to estimate the strength of the emulsion by forcing an electrical
current to break the emulsion between the two insulated prongs of the test tool. The
results are presented as the number of volts required to break the emulsion.

10-7
Caution must be given to the test results from the electrical stability test when two
different mud systems are compared. As an example, a test result of 400 volts for
an invert emuIsion system would be satisfactory while the same result for a true oil
base system with less than 5% water would be unsatisfactory. The difference
between the test results is based on the amount of water in each system.

H2S CORROSION CONTROL IN WATER BASE MUDS

Corrosion control is a greater concern in water base fluids than oil base fluids. Table
6 indicated the primary corrosion effects that were seen in the water base muds with
the lignite/Iignosulfonate additives, while significant levels of corrosion were noted in
the nondispersed system. Since these two systems are being used extensively in
the industry for reasons not related to corrosion, special efforts must be made to
make the systems more resistant to corrosion. Many of the techniques that can be
used to control these problems will be presented in the following sections.

CONTROL OF DISSOLVED GASES : The rates at which corrosion occurs are

influenced by the amount of dissolved gases in the electrolyte. As shown in Table 7,
the corrosion fatigue of steel in brine as an example electrolyte shows a significant
decrease as a gas becomes dissolved in the fluid. The decrease is even greater
when several gases are dissolved in the electrolyte.

TABLE 7

CORROSION FATIGUE OF STEEL IN BRINE

DISSOLVED GAS % DECREASE FROM AIR-ENDURANCE LIMIT

H2S 20
C02 41
C02 + AIR 41
H2S + AIR 48
H2S + C02 62
AIR 65

Reduction in the amount of dissolved gases in the mud system can be attained in
several ways. The most effective methods to minimize the entrance of gases into
the mud are by (1 ) proper utilization of surface equipment such as mud hoppers
and mud guns to reduce the mud and air mixing and ( 2 ) prevention of formation
fluid entries that may contain dissolved gases such as CO2 or H2S into the well.
Another important method for gas content reduction is through the use of chemical
agents that remove the gases by one of several methods. These agents will be
discussed in later sections.

10-8
PH CONTROL : The pH of any fluid is a measure of the hydrogen ion
concentration. The pH values are presented on a scale of 1 to 14 with 1 to 7
considered acidic and 7-14 considered basic or alkaline. A value of exactly 7 is
considered to be neutral. See figure 6.

FIGURE 6

PH RANGE OF VALUES

ACIDIC NEUTRAL BASIC

0 7 14

The pH of the mud systems must be monitored and controlled due to (1) most mud
additives function more effectively in a pH range of 9-11, (2) minimize corrosion
rates, and (3) minimize personnel safety problems that would occur if an acidic
system were used. Although most mud additives function more effectively in the
upper pH ranges, the additives pH is usually low. See Table 8. As a result, it will be
necessary to add a pH adjuster such as sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) to raise
the level to the desired range.

TABLE .8

COMPARISON OF PH VALUES OF COMMON MUD ADDITIVES

ADDITIVE pH

Chrome Lignosulfonate 3.6

Quebracho 3.7
Sapp 4.8
Lignite 5.0
Calcium 6.0
Calgon 6.8
Calcium Lignosulfonate 7.0
Water 7.0
Sodium Bicarbonate 8.3
Sodium Hydroxide 13.0

10-9
The rate of corrosion is significantly affected by the pH or hydrogen ion
concentration of the electrolyte. As the pH decreases, the number of hydrogen ions
increases which in turn increases the hydrogen embrittlement tendencies. Figure 7
shows the effect of pH on the time to failure of a sample metal ring.

FIGURE 7

EFFECT OF PH ON TIME TO FAILURE

1700-1900 ppm Total Sulfide In

5% NaCl All rings RT = 33
Stressed to 115% YD

HOURS TO FAILURE

10-10
Another effect of pH relative to hydrogen sulfide is due to the solubility of the gas at
higher pH levels. In Figure 8, this relationship can be seen. The total concentration
would be H2S at pH ranges of 3 to 6, but would convert to sulphide at pH values
from 8 to 11. In pH ranges from 6 to 11, a mixture of H2S and HS would be present.
The presence of the sulphide ion has no corrosion effect itself, but it does increase
the hydrogen embrittlement tendencies and sulphide stress cracking tendencies by
retarding the rate at which atomic hydrogen is allowed to escape from a corrosion
point on the metal surface.

FIGURE 8

EFFECT OF PH ON HYDROGEN SULPHIDE

Ph UNITS

10-11
Caution must be exercised when using pH control as a corrosion preventive
measure. As noted in Figure 8, the high pH converts the hydrogen sulphide
compound to ionic sulphides which are not as directly dangerous to human life. This
tends to mask the problem by “hiding” the H2S. If the pH is reduced for any reason,
the sulphides may unexpectedly revert to H2S and cause severe problems.

Another problem is the use of chemical control agents such as scavengers to

remove the hydrogen sulphide while the pH of the system is not conducive for the
use of that particular additive. Certain agents require extremely high pH values to
function, while others need significantly lower ranges.

CORROSION INHIBITING FLUIDS

One of the most widely used methods of protecting downhole equipment is chemical
inhibition. Because corrosion is a reaction on metal surfaces, any modification of the
steel-environment interface will affect the corrosion rate. Inhibitors are certain
chemicals that when added in small amounts to a corrosive system alter the steel-
environment interface and reduce the corrosion rate. The action of these materials
may be described as oil wetting the steel surface.

Most inhibitors are amine-fatty acid salts, formulated into either oil soluble or oil
soluble - water dispersible material. The inhibitor molecule can be imagined as
having a polar end and oil-soluble end. The polar end can adhere to solid surfaces,
such as the steel of a well system. The oil soluble end absorbs a film of oil that
protects the surface. The dual nature of the inhibitor molecule also gives detergent
properties to the chemical.

Inhibitors are used in continuous or periodic treatments. The main requirement for
treatment is to contact the metal surface with sufficient inhibitor for a long enough
time to obtain a good film coating. New treatments should be made at regular
intervals to maintain the film.

HYDROGEN SULPHIDE SCAVENGERS

Scavengers are additives designed to remove a contaminant from the mud system.
The additive does not generally prevent corrosion such as hydrogen embrittlement
but does reduce the severity of the problem by sequestering the hydrogen sulphide
of sulphide ion which would have increased the embrittlement tendencies. The many
types of scavengers with different properties must be understood before an additive
selection can be made.

Most scavengers function in either a surface adsorption manner or through an ionic

precipitation action. If the scavenger is based on the surface adsorption technique,
the mud must be thoroughly mixed to assure that enough random collisions take

10-12
place between the hydrogen sulphide and the scavenger to assure a completion of
the process. In the ionic reactions, the solution characteristics of the scavengers
must be studied to assure that such variables as fluid pH and salinity are conducive
to the usage of the additive.

The primary hydrogen sulphide scavengers used in the industry are metallic
compounds based on either copper, zinc or iron. Several of these scavengers, as
well as several non-metallic based compounds, will be discussed in the following
section.

COPPER PRODUCTS : An effective copper derivative used in hydrogen sulphide

scavengers is copper carbonate. This product was the first material to be widely
used because of its efficiency as a scavenger. Even though basic copper carbonate
is essentially insoluble in the drilling fluid, it has been found to be sufficiently reactive
to precipitate hydrogen sulphide as copper sulphide which is an insoluble chemical
compound. Copper carbonate does not adversely affect the drilling fluid properties.

Copper derivatives have side effects that limit the usage of the products. As was
seen in Figure 1, all metals requiring less energy for refining than iron will cause the
iron to corrode in an anodic reaction before the copper. This is called bi-metallic
corrosion; therefore, when copper products are used for hydrogen sulphide
scavengers, one corrosion problem is simply replaced with another.

If copper products are used regardless of the corrosion problems, field test
procedures can determine the amount of copper carbonate in the system. The test,
however, is an iterative procedure, and the results may not be completely accurate.

ZINC PRODUCTS : In an effort to avoid the bi-metallic corrosion problems posed by

copper, metallic compounds have been used that require more energy during
refining thus they will corrode prior to the iron. The most common metallic element
that will meet this requirement and still readily form a metallic Sulphide compound
upon contacting hydrogen sulphide is zinc. Several of the zinc derivatives will be
discussed.

Zinc carbonate is one of the most widely used sulphide scavengers in the industry. It
utilizes an ionic reaction and a surface reaction for scavenging and works well at pH
values above 9. The compound is environmentally safe and poses no immediate
problems.

10-13
Although zinc carbonate is an effective scavenger, there are problems associated
with the compound. Some of these problems are that (1) the concentration above 3
pounds per barrel in weighted, high solids systems develop high gel strengths, (2)
the zinc ion may cause a reaction similar to calcium contamination in some muds,
(3) the compound does not prevent hydrogen embrittlement, (4) a high pH is
required to solubulize the product, and (5) since its specific gravity is roughly the
same as barite, zinc carbonate may settle in muds and brines that have low carrying
capacity.

A quantitative analysis of the zinc product in use can be made. The results are
reported as the equivalent concentration at which the last negative results were
obtained.

A special, low-density zinc carbonate compound has been formulated to overcome

the settling problems associated with the conventional compounds. Organically
related zinc compounds may be used in brines where the zinc carbonate would
settle. These compounds are efficient but contain only 25 percent of the zinc per
pound that conventional zinc carbonate would contain. The product may also
function as a thinner in non-dispersed muds.

Zinc chromate is an efficient scavenger that also minimizes hydrogen embrittlement

and maintains low corrosion rates. The compound uses an ionic reaction to form a
sulphate when the pH is greater than 9. The primary problem with zinc chromate
relates to the environment restrictions being placed on the usage of any chromate
products.

IRON PRODUCTS : Ironite Sponge, a trade name for iron oxide, is perhaps the
most widely used hydrogen scavenger in the drilling industry. The surface controlled
reaction is not restricted by temperature or time and does not adversely affect the
mud properties. The iron oxide, or Sponge, reacts with the hydrogen sulphide to
form a stable iron sulfide called pyrite.

Sponge has a specific gravity of 4.4 which allows it to replace barite on an even
basis as a density additive. The use of a high specific gravity material is
advantageous because it limits the buildup of low gravity solids. The particle
averages 6-8 microns and ranges between 1.5-50 microns, which is comparable to
barite. There are no fines and the sponge does not grind down in use. The uniform
spherical shape and size of the Sponge results in a material with a low abrasion
level.

10-14
Ironite Sponge is ferromagnetic, which means that it is strongly attracted to a
magnet but Will not retain magnetism. The low remanent magnetism prevents its
being attracted to drill pipe or casing. This property is unusual for an iron oxide.

The reaction between the hydrogen sulphide and the iron oxide appears to be stable
and irreversible. One pound of Ironite Sponge will react with 0.7 pounds of hydrogen
sulphide at rates as shown in Figure 9. These rates shown in this illustration were
developed for laboratory muds and are applicable in field cases.

FIGURE 9

IRONITE SPONGE REACTION RATES WITH

HYDROGEN SULPHIDE

H2S ADDED (ppm)

10-15
Ironite Sponge functions most effectively in a pH range of 6-10. Values above ten
restrict the scavenging of H2S because it is in a soluble form. This fact must be
approached with caution because it may lead rig personnel to assume that an
excess of Sponge is present when in reality the hydrogen sulphide is in solution
because of a higher pH. If the pH drops, the gas or liquid may revert to hydrogen
sulphide and react with the existing Sponge leaving an excess of hydrogen sulphide.

LIME : Common lime functions as a hydrogen sulphide scavenger. As shown in

Table 6, the low and high lime systems show the same effectiveness as a corrosion
inhibitor as the oil base systems do. The problems associated with using lime as a
scavenger are that (1) it does not produce an irreversible reaction, (2) the reaction
product is only stable with pH above 8, and (3) it promotes higher temperature
gelation.

AMMONIA : A mixture of ammonia hydroxide and water has been used to spray drill
pipe after it has been exposed to hydrogen sulphide. The solution neutralizes the
gas and minimizes danger to the crews and corrosion on the pipe. It should be
noted that this procedure is primarily effective when the hydrogen sulphide is in the
gas phase. Ammonia may also be used on our equipment to the same advantage.
However it must be noted the ammonia will not neutralise H2S dissolved in oil.

10-16
11. EQUIPMENT ORDERING
AND MAINTENANCE

A. DETECTORS

MONITOX 4100 11.2

ENMET ISA 44 11.9

DRAEGER MULTIGAS, BENDIX GASTEC 11.26

BAROlD SULPHIDE ION KIT 11.45

B. BREATHING EQUIPMENT

SCOTT AlR PAK IIA 11.50

PARAT ESCAPE MASK 11.69

RESCUSITATOR TORSO ANN FOR TRAINING 11.73

C. MASTER ORDERS FOR ABOVE EQUIPMENT 11.75

11-1
 MONITOX 4100 - MAINTENANCE

1.4
Servicing Instructions

See Section 3 for refills and replacement parts.

Gas Detector, rear view

Battery Replacement

1. Turn the switch (9) to “OFF”.

2. Remove the three screws (12).
3. Turn the detector over and remove the front
panel of the housing.
4. Lift out the battery block and loosen the
screws (13).
5. Unscrew and remove the right battery cover
(14). Replace the battery. The + pole must
face the cover. Screw the cover back into
place.
6. Repeat step 5 with the left battery. The —
pole must face the cover (15).
7. Reattach the leads matching the colours (blue,
green, red) with those on the clamp terminals.
8. Replace the battery block and the front
housing panel and screw into place.
9. Repeat the battery test.

Filter Cap Replacement

1. Remove the screws (12)(see page 14) and

open the detector.
2. Carefully remove the sensor cell (16) together
with the filter cap (5). Pull off the cap.
3. Attach a new filter cap (with a matching
nameplate) and return the sensor cell to its
original position (see the figure on page 17).
The filter cap order number appears on the
plate attached to the inside of the front panel
and is listed in Section 3.
4. Replace the front housing panel and screw
into place.
5. Repeat the test.

11-2
Sensor Cell Replacement

1. Open the detector (as described for battery re-

placement).
2. Loosen the screws (I 7).
3. Lift out the cell together with the filter cap.
4. Electronic test see page 19.
5. Remove the new cell and filter cap from the
storage container, pull the transparent
protective cap off the cell and replace this with
the new filter cap. The correct positioning of
the filter cap is shown on page 18. Remove
the short-circuit protection attached to the
leads.
6. Reattach the leads of the cell matching the
colours and tighten the screws (17).
7. Slide the sensor cell into the proper groove as
shown in the drawing on page 17.
8. Replace the front housing panel and screw it
into place.
9. Test the detector again as described in
Section 1.3.

As stipulated below, the electronic of the detector

have to be tested with the gas generator, when
the sensor cell (16) is removed:

Lift out the two test pins (19) with the slide (18)
and attach them to the fixing screws (17) of the
sensor cell light wire. Pay attention to the colour
marking blue and red of the pins and screws!
When the electronics are functioning correctly, an
alarm is emitted with the switch in the "ON”
position.

11-3
2.
Compur 4100 Gas Generator

The Compur 4100 Gas Generator must not be The detector will repond after no more than 8
stored or used in areas containing firedamp or in seconds at room temperature. Remove the
areas prone to explosion. detector when the signal is heard. if no signal is
forthcoming, discontinue the test after
approximately 10 seconds.
The gas generator is designed to test the
functional reliability of the gas detectors. The gas
generator, however, is not designed to generate
gas continuously. When testing, make sure that
the gas on the generator nameplate matches the
gas designated on the detector nameplate. The
gas generator is actuated by the actuating pin(11)
when the gas detector is placed on top of the
generator.

2.1
Technical Data
and Remarks
Service life of the generator cell: Battery service life:
normally 1½ years (2500-3000 tests) The battery capacity is sufficient for 2500-3000
for H2S, HCN, NO2, COCI2 tests for H2S, HCN and NO2 and for
Dimensions: approximately 500 tests for COCI2. If the red
5¼" x 29/16 ” X 19/16 ” (133 X 65 X 40 mm) lamp (10) lights up during the test, the battery
Weight with batteries: must be replaced (see Sect. 2.2). If the lamp
approx. 250 g flashes during the test, this is of no importance
Temperature range: whatsoever.
+10° to +45°C
Power supply:
Mallory type 1604 9V battery

11-4
2.2
Servicing Instructions
See Section 3 for refills and replacement parts.

Battery Replacement

Remove the four screws on the rear housing

panel. Carefully remove the front housing panel.
The illustration shows the battery properly
mounted.

10 Battery check lamp

11 Actuating pin sw = black + white
18 Slide rt = red
19 Test pins bl = blue

Gas Generator Cell Replacement

H2S, Generator

1. Open the housing as described in the section

entitled “Battery Replacement”.
2. Unsolder the fan terminals (21) and (22).
3. Remove the four screws (23) holding the PC
board and the three screws (24) holding the
air intake.
4. Remove the air intake (20) together with the
gas cell and the fan through the top panel.
5. Carefully insert the replacement unit 5820 100
(including the air intake, gas cell and fan) and
secure it in place by tightening the screws
(24).

6. Retighten the screws (23) while aligning the

PC board such that, when the gas detector is
placed on top of the generator, the pin(11 ) will
reliably actuate the switch (25).
7. Resolder the wires to the fan terminals (21)
and (22).
8. Reassemble the generator housing and screw
into place.
9. Testing the generator:
Insert a properly functioning gas detector with
a matching nameplate into the air intake (20).
Turn the switch (9) to the “ON” position. The
detector must emit an alarm after about 8
seconds.

sw = black + white
rt = red
bl = blue
ge = yellow
gr = green

11-5
3.
Accessories and Accessories CatalogueNo.

Replacement Parts Console for 5 detectors and 5900 001

1 generator including record
book

Earphones 5900 002

Earphone jack stopper 5900 007

Replacement Parts Catalogue No. Catalogue No.

2.7V Varta-Mercury battery 5900 003 Gas Generator Cells for:

Set of batteries (2 batteries) 5900 103 ★
in an intrinsically safe battery hydrogen sulphide H2S 5820 100 ★
case, with terminals phosgene COCI2 5820 200
Record book 5900 004 hydrocyanic acid HCN 5820 300
nitrogen dioxide N02 5820 400
Gas Detector Sensor Cells
with Filter for: Gas Detector Filter Caps

hydrogen sulphide H2S 5800 141 ★ 10 caps with filter for:

phosgene COCI2 5800 212 hydrogen sulphide H2S 5810 141 ★
hydrocyanic acid HCN 5800 341 phosgene COCI2 5810 212
nitrogen dioxide NO2 5800 431 hydrocyanic acid HCN 5810 341
nitrogen dioxide NO2 5810 431

Guarantee

Compur-Electronic GmbH as well as the
company’s foreign and domestic representatives
guarantee within the framework of the general
terms of trade the proper functioning of your
Compur 4100 Monitox Gas Detector and
Warning System for a period of 12 months.
This guarantee does not cover the gas detector
sensor cells nor the batteries.
The guarantee shall take effect on the date of
delivery. It is not transferable.

COMPUR
Compur-Electronic GmbH, Munich
West Germany 10/79

11-6
11-7
11-8
 ENMET corporation
2308 s. industrial highway
ann arbor, michigan 48104
313 761-1270

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Hazardous Gas Monitor/Alarm

Model ISA-44

Multi-Channel Units

5/14/80

80003-006

11-9
1.0 Introduction and Principle of Operation

Gas fumes which are hazardous to human health or potentially explosive can be
generated whenever a combustion process takes place in an enclosed area. The use of
hydrocarbon fuels such as propane, butane, LP or natural gas, and kerosene is common
for space heating, heat treatment, and process heating in industrial situations. A leak of
one of the above raw fuels results in an obvious flammable or explosive hazard. A more
subtle danger is the generation of deadly carbon monoxide (CO) fumes when a
hydrocarbon fuel is burned with an inadequate supply of oxygen, or when ventilation of
combustible by-products is insufficient. Carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless, tasteless
gas, is generally associated with death by asphyxiation from inhaling auto exhaust fumes.
Its common physiological effects include headaches (200 parts per million, 4 hour
exposure), nausea (400 ppm, 2 hour exposure), to death (1000 ppm, 3 hour exposure). A
third typical danger, not associated with combustion, occurs when a space or vault is
contaminated with a toxic gas or vapor such as hydrogen sulfide. The space then
constitutes a deadly environment to persons entering or working within.

One means of minimizing the risk of harm or death to persons who may be exposed to
dangerous environments is to employ a detection/alarm device to warn them of the
existence of a dangerous situation, thus allowing them to take action to avoid harm. The
ISA-44, an all solid-state electronic gas detecting instrument, is such a device. The unit
monitors continuously and is calibrated to trigger an audio and visual alarm upon
detection of hazardous levels of hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, or explosive levels
of hydrocarbons, and toxic levels of many hydrocarbon gases and vapors. The low power
metallic oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas detecting element has an estimated lifetime in
excess of three years in normal use. Upon the initiation of an oxidation reaction on the
surface of the element, its electrical resistance changes markedly. The oxidation reaction
occurs when the heated sensor surface is exposed to molecules of a hydrocarbon gas or
vapor, or a multivalent gaseous material such as CO and H2S. The marked change in
resistance of the sensor is employed to trigger alarm circuits by means of electronic
circuitry. Relay contacts are employed to make possible. the activation of an alarm at a
location remote from the ISA-44 installation, such as a guard room, or to automatically
activate ventilation blowers, etc.

Multi-channel ISA-44 equipment is comprised of a number of identical circuits with

associated sensors. Each circuit-sensor combination constitutes a discreet channel of
gas detection. Thus, since the sensors can be located a significant distance from the
enclosure containing the associated circuits, a number of locations can be monitored for
hazardous gas by means of multi-channel ISA-44. The number of channels is designated
by adding a suffix to the model number; for example, a six channel unit is an ISA-44-6.

2.0 Installation

2.1 Sensor Locations

Gases have different densities. Some are heavier than air and become
concentrated at the bottom of a space, while others are lighter than air and become
concentrated at the top of a space. For this reason, the ISA-44 sensors are installed
according to the density of the gas which they are primarily desired to detect. In general,
these are as follows:

11-10
 a. Bottle liquefied petroleum (LP), propane, butane, gasoline, trichloroethylene,
and other heavier-than-air gas or vapor installations: Heavier-than-air materials tend to
settle near floor or ground level. Consequently, the sensors are installed on an interior
wall, 18 to 24 inches from the floor. Certain other toxic gases and all vapors are also
heavier than air, and the same placement plan applies. Do not locate the sensors directly
above or beside gas ovens, heaters, etc., directly below a window or vent, or adjacent to
an exterior doorway.

b. Natural gas installations: Natural gas is composed primarily of methane and is

lighter than air. Since natural gas rises in an air atmosphere, the ISA-44 sensor head
should be installed near the ceiling for such applications. Care should be taken not to
place a sensor directly above an appliance where it is subject to direct exposure to
intense heat or steam.

c. Carbon monoxide installations: Carbon monoxide gas is approximately the

same density as air, so generally it is uniformly dispersed in a closed area. Thus, the
recommended location is 4 to 6 feet above the floor, out of the direct air currents of
windows, doors, and ventilation ducts.

If you have an unusual or difficult problem involving location of sensors, please contact
ENMET personnel, who will analyze the problem and give you their recommendations.

2.2 Mechanical

The ISA-44 enclosure is wall or panel mounted by means of the metal support
bracket on the rear of the box. The unit may be supplied with 110 VAC or 12 VDC power,
by attaching leads to the appropriate terminals, as shown in Figure 1. Power leads are
supplied to the unit through flexible or solid conduit. (See 3.2 for 220 VAC option.)

The enclosure of the ISA-44 is completely oiltight. When supplying power to the unit, the
customer should use the correct oiltight fitting for the cord or conduit employed.

3.0 Electrical

3.1 General

The configuration of an ISA-44-10 is shown in Figure 1. Each green light is a

POWER ON indicator. If the unit is not in gas alarm condition, and the green lights are not
on, the power supply has been interrupted. When the power supply is interrupted the
internal relays switch to the same position as that which occurs for a true gas alarm
condition. Each meter shown in Figure 1 is a concentration meter. Each scale is marked
in either parts per million (ppm) or percent of the lower explosive limit (% LEL) of the gas
for which the channel is calibrated. The meters are non-linear devices and exact readings
should not be inferred from unnumbered graduations.

3.2 Power Supply

The ISA-44 multi-channel detector operates on single phase 110 VAC, single
phase 220 VAC, or 12 VDC power. Do not connect the unit to other voltage supply lines.

11-11
Choice of AC or DC power is accomplished by correct connection to the internal terminal
block, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. Choice between 110 VAC and 220 VAC power is
accomplished by changing the power transformer hookup. This may be accomplished by
a competent electrician or electronics technician, but is best done at the factory.

Both AC and DC power sources may be attached simultaneously; current will then flow
from the AC source. DC current will only be used when the AC source is interrupted. This
option allows for 12 VDC emergency back-up power to the model.

3.3 Relay Output

Internal to the ISA-44 enclosure are two double pole relays per channel. These
relays furnish “normally open”, "normally closed”, and “common” terminals which can be
used to activate a remote alarm signal either when a hazardous gas level is detected or
when the AC or DC power supply to the unit is interrupted. Both relays are rated for 2
amps continuous duty and 5 amps non-inductive surge. The relay contacts are brought
out to terminal strips as shown in Figures 2 and 3. The relay contact leads may be run
through the same oiltight fitting as the power supply leads, or may be brought out to a
second fitting at the option of the customer.

3.4 Sensor Hook-up

The M.O.S. sensors are connected to the control unit with 3 conductors. This is
accomplished either through use of flexible 3-conductor cable supplied by ENMET, or by
cable or conduit supplied by the customer. Two conductors supply heater current to the
sensor and one conductor is a signal wire. The signal wire can be 16 gauge. The wire of
the two heater wires depends on the distance between the particular sensor and the
control unit. See Figure 3 for recommended wire colors. Three-conductor cable supplied
by ENMET corresponds with the colors in parentheses (white, black, green). Sensor
heads supplied for customer installation correspond to the normal wire code (orange,
brown, blue).

3.5 Sensor Heater Voltage

The sensor element is heated above the ambient temperature in order to promote
the oxidation reaction on the element surface. The temperature to which the sensor
element is heated determines the selectivity of the equipment to certain gases; a cool
sensor is excellent for the detection of CO, while a warm sensor is not good for the
detection of CO, but instead is excellent in the detection of hydrocarbons. Consequently,
the sensor temperature is tailored to the customer’s requirements by changing the value
of resistance in the sensor heater supply circuit.

On those units not supplied with sensor cables attached, the sensor heater
voltages must be adjusted after the sensors are mounted and connected electrically. On
units with purge switches, sensor heater voltage for a particular channel is varied by
means of two potentiometers on the circuit board associated with that channel. These
potentiometers are designated R32 and R38 in Figure 4. Sensor heater voltage must
always be measured at the sensor itself, never at the terminal strip inside the enclosure.
Specifically, sensor heater voltage, in DC volts, is measured across the brown and
orange

11-12
wires in the sensor assembly. To set the heater voltage rotate the purge switch to the
purge position. Adjust R38 to the purge voltage specified on the chart located on the
inside front cover of the instrument. Return purge - read switch to the read position and
adjust R-32 to the specified read voltage indicated on the chart. If the instrument does not
have a Read - Purge Switch, R-38 is the only adjustment required; R-32 is pre-set at the
factory. Always use a meter that has a ± (0.5%) accuracy when making these
measurements. The equipment is shipped with the sensor heater voltages set lower than
that required to correctly operate the sensors after they have been connected. Do not
increase the sensor heater voltage of any sensor to values greatly exceeding those given
on the chart located inside the door of the instrument enclosure. Application of excessive
voltage can cause sensor heater winding failure, necessitating sensor replacement.

3.6 Purge Switch

In the case of some cool sensor applications, a PURGE switch is necessary to

temporarily increase the sensor heater voltage, to remove contaminants from the surface
of the sensor. When any PURGE switch is in the PURGE position, the blue fault light on
the front of the enclosure is on. The location of the purge switch for one channel of gas
detection is shown in Figure 5.

4.0 Operation

Inspect the unit for damaged or missing parts prior to connection to rated power.
Report any damage and return the unit to the factory immediately. Do not proceed unless
the instrument is complete and free of damage.

Mount and install the ISA-44 as outlined in the Installation section above. Note that the
unit has no ON-OFF switch. This gas monitoring safety device is intended to be powered
and ON at all times. Note the following four modes of operation of the ISA-44.

a) Warm-up: For five to thirty minutes of first applying power, the audio and visual
alarms activate as the sensor surfaces are purged of residual gases. When the
meter is stable, the unit is stable. The warm-up mode should be accelerated by
activating the PURGE switches (on units so equipped) which applies an
increased heater voltage to purge the sensor elements. Initial operation in
outside fresh air will further shorten the warm-up mode.

b) Normal ON state: No alarms. The green lights are on. The case feels warm to
the touch of a hand. PURGE switches should be in READ position on units so
equipped.

c) Rough test: The user can simulate a gas alarm condition to test the unit by the
following procedure:

Very briefly depress the lever of a butane lighter, without striking the flint, while
holding the lighter near the protective sintered cup cover of sensor. This
method is best for units set primarily for hydrocarbon responses. Many units
set for response to toxic gases or vapors require administration of a calibration
gas to verify proper operation.

11-13
 d) Alarm condition: Any spontaneous alarm on any channel which is not triggered
by initial warm-up or rough test should be considered a potentially serious gas
alarm situation. It is the responsibility of the cognizant safety officer to inform
personnel of the procedure (ventilation, egress, shutdown, etc.) to be followed
whenever a gas alarm occurs.

5.0 Precautions in Use

The ISA-44 is a precision gas sensing alarm device. Use caution.

a) Do not repeatedly blow dense clouds of cigarette smoke on a sensor to trigger

the alarm.

b) Do not repetitively squirt pure gases or liquid hydrocarbons (butane, propane,

gasoline, etc.) directly on a sensor element.

c) Do not use strong cleaning agents, waxes, paints, lacquers, etc., near a
sensor. Most of these products contain flammable hydrocarbons that may
trigger the alarm.

6.0 Routine Gas Test and Recalibration Procedures

6.1 Materials Needed (Available from ENMET)

a) Two twenty-four liter (propane torch size) pressurized cylinders of calibration

gas with air used as the background gas (i.e., 200 ppm CO in air; 20% LEL
methane in air). One cylinder is needed for low level alarm and another for the
high level alarm. The gases used should be identical to or equivalent to that
used to originally calibrate the unit, unless recalibration to a new gas or
concentration is desired. Any calibration gas which is not purchased from
ENMET should be specified to use hydrogen free air as the carrier gas. Inert
gases such as nitrogen or argon may not be used in conjunction with the MOS
sensor.

b) Gas calibration fixture, which consists of a gas regulator, a red plastic sensor
cover, humidifier bottle, and one foot of plastic tubing. See Figure 6.

c) Several drops of water.

6.2 Routine Gas Test Procedure

a) Thoroughly warm up, purge, and stabilize the ISA-44 to be tested as specified
above. A minimum of 24 hours of continuous operation is necessary before
recalibration. Following the initial 24 hour warm-up, rotate the purge switches
to the "PURGE" position for twenty minutes. After twenty minutes return the
Switches to “READ” and wait two hours before proceeding with recalibration.
On units not equipped with a PURGE switch, operate normally for a minimum
of 24 hours before recalibration.

11-14
 b) Fill humidifier bottle 3/4 full with tap water. Attach the fixture to the high level
calibration gas bottle. Make sure humidifier bottle remains in the upright
position.

c) Open the regulator valve slowly and adjust the flow rate to give a low hissing
sound of escaping gas at the opening of the plastic cap. The sound of
escaping gas should be so slight as to be audible only if the end of the plastic
cap is in near proximity to the ear of the listener. Do not open the valve fully,
since excessive gas flow rate will cause calibration errors as well as rapid
consumption of the gas.

d) Firmly place the plastic cap over a sensor screen guard.

e) Allow the gas flow to continue over sensor until both the low level (amber) high
level (red) alarms associated with that particular sensor trigger. The following
chart should be used for gas calibration and length of time for alarm to sound.

Gas or Vapor Minutes

20 ppm CO 5 to 7
50 ppm CO 5
100 ppm CO 3
200 ppm CO 2
10% LEL Methane 1
20% LEL Methane 1
20% LEL Propane 1
100 ppm Vinyl Chloride 1 to 2
Typical Hydrocarbon Vapors 1 to 2

f) Repeat steps c), d), and e), with the low level calibration gas bottle until the low
level (amber) alarm triggers.

g) After completing the above procedure for all channels, remove the calibration
assembly from the calibration gas cylinder.

6.3 Recalibration Procedure

a) If steps (a) through (e) above fail to trigger the alarm and/or cause appropriate
meter readings and no other electrical or mechanical malfunction is apparent,
then recalibration of the device should be performed. See Figures 4 and 5 for
location of the potentiometers.

b) To recalibrate a single channel of gas detection, PURGE in clean air, reset to

READ and allow one hour for sensor recovery and stabilization. Next repeat
steps b, c, and d in section 6.2 above. (As mentioned in step 3.3 a PURGE
switch is not standard for all ISA-44 models.) On units without a PURGE
switch wait 15 minutes before proceeding with steps b, c, and d.

11-15
 c) After appropriate time exposure to the calibration gas, adjust the high level
meter/gain potentiometer R33, Figure 4, with small screwdriver until the meter
reading is appropriate for the gas being used. (i.e., 35 ppm CO calibration gas
corresponds to 35 ppm CO on meter face reading.) On those units without
meters, adjust the meter/gain potentiometer to give a reading of 5.5 volts
between the test points. (See Figure 3)

d) After setting the meter/gain potentiometer, R33, adjust the high level alarm set
potentiometer, R34, to just bring the unit into alarm (red light). Adjust from a
non-alarm condition into the alarm mode.

e) Next connect the low level calibration gas and after the appropriate time
exposure to the calibration gas adjust the low level alarm set potentiometer,
R35, to just bring the unit into low level alarm (amber light) . Note: The meter
reading may not correspond exactly. Do not readjust the meter/gain
potentiometer as this will also shift the high level alarm set.

f) Upon completion of all above steps, remove the calibration assembly from the
calibration gas cylinder.

6.4 Caution

a) Recalibrate the instrument using only the procedure and equipment prescribed
above.

b) A complete recalibration should be performed periodically and whenever a

sensor is replaced or receives severe handling.

c) All units which have been factory calibrated to alarm below 300 ppm for any
gas in moist air may take up to 5 minutes to generate the alarm signal in static
environment containing the specified gas concentration. Adjusting for
instantaneous alarm when the test gas contents are first released, or
calibrating at high flow rates, results in improper calibration and excessively
high sensitivity.

d) Do not use test gases with nitrogen as the background gas for calibration
purposes. Do not use totally dry gases from large high-pressure cylinders for
calibration purposes. Ten percent relative humidity content or greater in the
test gas is necessary for accurate test and calibration of the device.

7.0 Routine Maintenance

a) Check unit for mechanical damage or obvious malfunctions at regular intervals.

11-16
 b) On units so equipped, move switches to PURGE position at regular intervals.
The length of time between purging varies with the amount on contaminants in
the atmosphere.

c) The ISA-44 hazardous gas monitor is a safety instrument and requires periodic
testing and recalibration. Refer to Section 6.0 for testing and recalibration.

8.0 Variations

8.1 Explosion-Proof

The ISA-44 multi-channel gas detector is available in an explosion-proof

instrument housing, and in this configuration the equipment is suitable for operation in a
Class 1, Division 1, Group D atmospheres defined in the National Electrical Code. Do not
use the standard ISA-44 where you are required by the National Electrical Code or local
codes to use an explosion-proof variety.

8.2 Oxygen Deficiency Option

Model ISA-440D includes an oxygen deficiency cell and alarm, which can be set to
alarm from 18 to 19.5% oxygen in air by volume. If you have purchased this model, this
manual includes an addendum describing its operation in detail.

8.3 Respiratory Air Line Carbon Monoxide Option

Model ISA-44RAL is designed to monitor respiratory air lines for carbon monoxide.
Models include both low pressure units, ISA-44RAL, (for maximum pressure of 300 psi)
and high pressure units, ISA-44RAH, (for maximum pressure of 5000 psi). A separate
manual for this model is provided.

8.4 Special Packaging

In addition to the explosion-proof versions, the ISA-44 can be purchased in

NEMA-4 (weatherproof) and NEMA-4X (weatherproof, corrosion resistant) enclosure.

8.5 ISA-33

Model ISA-33 offers a detector with a single alarm point. Many other features of
the model ISA-44 have been retained in the unit, however. Models ISA-33RAL and
ISA-33RAH, similar to units mentioned in section 8.3, are available from ENMET.

9.0 Technical Specifications

Electrical

Power: 110, 220 VAC single phase, or 12 VDC. Wattage rating depends
upon the number of channels

11-17
 Alarm: Horn and red, amber and green alarm lights
Sensor lifetime: more than three years in normal use
Electronics: low-power, all solid-state, utilizing integrated circuits

Mechanical

Dimensions & Weight: Depend upon the number of gas detection channels
involved
Case: NEMA-12, oiltight
Controls: Oiltight, Allen Bradley
Power Input: per customer. 7/8” hole in base provided

Typical Calibrations:

Hazardous Gas Alarm Threshold

Carbon Monoxide 20, 35, 50, 100, 200, 300 ppm in air
Hydrogen Sulfide 10, 20, 50, 100 ppm
Explosive Gases Hydrogen - 20% LEL
Methane - 20-40% LEL
Propane - 20% LEL
Gasoline - 20% LEL
Toxic Fumes Trichloroethylene - 100-300 ppm in air
Xylene - 100-300 ppm in air
Toluene - 100 ppm in air

The ISA-44 will respond to many other gases and vapors not listed above.
Contact ENMET or your local representative for the variety of response ranges
and calibrations available.

WARRANTY AND REPAIR POLICY

Warranty

ENMET Corporation warrants the ISA-44 to be free from defects in workmanship and
material under normal use for a period of one year from the date of shipment. In the event
that such equipment is believed to be defective, it should be returned to ENMET within
twelve months after shipment, transportation prepaid, and if found by the Company's
inspection to be defective in workmanship or material, it will be repaired or replaced free
of charge and returned prepaid to any location in the United States. Equipment thus
received that is not found to be defective in workmanship, or material, will be held for
further instructions from the customer and repaired or refurbished if requested, according
to the policy below, and billed to the owner. ENMET shall not be liable for any loss or
damage caused by the improper use of this product, nor will it be held responsible for
events occurring from inadequate or faulty installations, unless made and approved by
ENMET. The purchaser indemnifies and saves harmless the company with respect to
any loss or damage that may arise through the use of this equipment by the purchaser or
others.

11-18
This warranty is expressly given in lieu of all other warranties, either, expressed or
implied, including that of merchantability, and all other obligations or liabilities of ENMET
which may arise in connection with this equipment. ENMET neither assumes nor
authorizes any representative or other person to assume for it any obligation or liability
other than such as set forth herein.

Repair of Certain Units

Equipment returned in any of the conditions defined below are not subject to warranty, as
none of the conditions are the result of workmanship or material deficiencies originating
during the manufacture. Such equipment will be renovated and returned to the customer
according to the following fee schedule.

Condition Fee

a) Gross Recalibration $30. per sensor

b) Gross Sensor Contamination $45. per sensor

These conditions and the renovation action undertaken by ENMET are as follows:

a) Gross Recalibration: ISA-44 units are calibrated before shipment according to

the customer order. Changing the position of the calibration potentiometer
voids warranty except when calibrating the unit according to section 6.0. Upon
receipt of such a unit, in which no workmanship or material defect exists, the
difficulty will be diagnosed and the unit recalibrated according to the original
order.

b) Gross Sensor Contamination: The solid-state gas sensor is durable and can be
purged of normal contamination by operating the unit for a sufficient length of
time in fresh air with the “PURGE” switch in purge position. Gross
contamination usually occurs during unavoidable misuse of the equipment.
Two dramatic examples of gross contamination are the close exposure of the
sensor to an open gas flame and dipping the sensor in lacquer. Sensors can
also become grossly contaminated by continuous exposure to heavy
concentrations of industrial vapors. The exposed sensor must be replaced
after gross contamination. Upon receipt of a unit with a contaminated sensor,
the difficulty will be diagnosed, the sensor replaced, and the unit recalibrated.

Whenever expedient, a purchase order or agreement will be reached after diagnosis and
prior to renovation of units having one or more of the conditions described above. When
necessary or appropriate, however, such units will be renovated and returned prior to the
negotiation of a purchase order for renovation, with the understanding on our part of the
requirement to expeditiously repair and return safety-oriented equipment to operation.

11-19
11-20
 FIGURE 2
ISA - 44
SYSTEM MOTHER BOARD
(TB6)’ (TB7)’ (TB8)’ (TB9)’ (TB10)’

(CH.6)’ (CH.7)’ (CH.8)’ (CH.9)’ (CH.10)’

I. WHEN UNIT IS CONFIGURED FOR MORE THEN

FIVE CHANNELS, TWO MOTHER BOARDS ARE
REQUIRED. ALL NOTATIONS IN PARENTHESIS
APPLY TO SECOND BOARD.

11-21
 FIGURE 3

USER WIRING
FROM TO SIGNAL COLOR
TB13 - 1 SOURCE A.C. GROUND GREEN
TB13 - 2 SOURCE A.C. HIGH BLACK
TB13 - 3 SOURCE A.C. LOW WHITE
TB13 - 4 SOURCE + 12 V STAND-BY
TB13 - 5 SOURCE GROUND STAND-BY

TB[n]-C1 RELAY 2 N.C.

TB[n]-C2 RELAY 2 N.O.
TB[n]-C3 RELAY 2 COMMON
TB[n]-C4 RELAY 1 N.C.
TB[n]-C5 RELAY 1 N.O.
TB[n]-C6 RELAY 1 COMMON
TB[n]-C7
TB[n]-C8 SENSOR SIGNAL BLUE (GREEN)*
TB[n]-C9 SENSOR HEATER ORANGE (WHITE)*
TB[n]-C10 SENSOR GROUND BROWN (BLACK)*

TB [n] - C 1
TERMINAL BLOCK TERMINAL CONTACT
CHANNEL NUMBER TERMINAL IDENTIFIER

NOTES
1. WIRING IS TYPICAL FOR EACH CHANNEL.
2. * COLOR CODE USED WITH EQUIPMENT PURCHASED
WITH SENSOR CABLES INSTALLED BY ENMET.

11-22
 FIGURE 4

ISA - 44
SYSTEM P.C.B.

I. SEE TABLE BELOW FOR POTENTIOMETER FUNCTION

POT FUNCTION
R32 HEATER ADJUST
R33 GAIN ADJUST
R34 HI LEVEL ADJUST
R35 LOW LEVEL ADJUST
R38 PURGE ADJUST

11-23
FIGURE 5

11-24
11-25
EXTRACT FROM DRAEGER OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS RELATING TO
MAINTENANCE.

Important Information or cracked, it must be replaced. Remove the pin

For correct and effective use of the apparatus,
and to avoid hazards. we would point out the
following:
1 Any use of the apparatus requires precise
knowledge and observation of these
operating instructions
2 The apparatus is intended only for the
purposes specified in the Operating Manual
or for purposes confirmed in writing by
Drägerwerk AG
3 The apparatus should be inspected by
experts at regular time Intervals. An official
report of the inspections should be drawn up
4 Only original Dräger spare parts should be
used for maintenance and repairs. Repairs
and maintenance, and the replacement of
spare parts should only be carried out by
experts.
5 We recommend having inspections and
repair work carried out by the Technical
Customer Service of your Dräger Branch or
Agent.
Regular inspection is best ensured by
entering into an Inspection Service Contract
with the Technical Customer Service of your
Dräger Branch or Agent.
6 Responsibility for the reliable function of the
apparatus passes to the owner or operator in
all cases where the apparatus has been
inexpertly maintained or repaired by persons
not employed by the Dräger Organisation or
where it has been used in a manner which
does not conform to the normal conditions of
use.
7 For reasons of safety, pressure reducers
should be overhauled at least every 6 years.
from the valve seat stem and push in the pin of
the new valve disc until the disc lies flat against
the valve seal (Fig 12). It is best to moisten the
pin a little first. When fitting the cover plate,
ensure that the limit chain is not twisted and that
the fixing hook lies in the longitudinal direction of
the pump, so that it fits satisfactorily in the slot
of the cover plate.
Cleaning of the metal screen
After prolonged use of the bellows pump,
the wire mesh sieve under the rubber bung
in the pump head may become blocked.
The sieve must, therefore, be cleaned from
time to time, about every four weeks when
the pump is used frequently. Loosen the
two-hole nut with the special spanner and
remove the rubber bung Take out the sieve and
clean it with a brush under running water. When
re-inserting the two-hole nut, tighten it only
until the rubber bung is just under stress
and the DRÄGER Tube can be inserted
easily, but tightly.
Flushing the Pump with Air
During testing certain tube types give off
vapours which pass into the interior of the
bellows

We would also point out that the national

recommendations, regulations and laws
governing the use of technical equipment should
be observed

Maintenance of the Bellows Pump

Leak Testing
It is wise to check the pump for leaks every
time it is used. To do this, seal the pump
with an unopened DRÄGER Tube and
completely compress the bellows. The
pump is sufficiently air-tight if the bellows
has not expanded again completely after
30 minutes, i. e. the limit chain is not taut. It
will then deliver the volume required.

Eliminating Leaks
Any leaks can usually be eliminated by cleaning
the valve To do this. remove the front plate (Fig.
10) and unscrew the valve using the special
spanner (Fig. 11 ). Raise the valve disc to
prevent it from being damaged by the spanner.
Clean the valve by blowing it through with air or
by rinsing it with water. Dry it after cleaning. If
the rubber of the valve disc is sticky, brittle, hard

11-26
pump (e. g. sulphuric acid mist). To Zusatzeinrichtungen
1 Hubzähler
prevent corrosion, flush out the pump with 2 Verlängerungsschlauch
air by making a few strokes without a 3 Heißluftsonde
4 Kfz-Abgassonde
detector tube every time it has been used. 5 Atem-CO-Prüfung

Accessories
1 Stroke Counter
2 Extension Hose
3 Sampling Hot Flue Gases
4 Motor Vehicle Exhaust Gas Probe
5 Supplementary Pats for the
Accessories for the Multi Gas Respiratory CO Test
Detector Stroke Counter
Pièces complementaires
The stroke counter automatically counts 1 Compteur de Coups de pompe
the strokes made with the pump (counting 2 Tuyau-rallonge
3 Sonde de prélèvement pour gaz
range 0 to 19). It is pushed onto the pump chauds
head. 4 Sonde de contôle pour Ies gaz
d’échappement des véhicules
automobiles
Extension Hose for Inaccessible 5 Pièces complementaire pour
I'anaIyse du CO dans I’heine
Points of Measurement
For inaccessible points of measurement, Disposition adiciones
1 Contador de carreras
we recommend the use of me extension 2 Tubo flexible de prolongación
hose. One end of the extension hose is 3 Sonde de aire caliente
4 Sonde de gases de escape de
equipped with a device permitting easy automóviles
connection of the hose to the bellows 5 Piezas complementarias para el
analisis del CO en el aire respiratorio
pump. The dimensions of the lube holder
at the other end of the hose are chosen in
such a way that the DRÄGER Tubes can
be inserted in a gastight manner (for leak
testing see Page 16). The extension hose Fig. 13 1 Abstandkette
is 3 m long and is made from a synthetic 2 Abbrechöse
3 Abbrechplatte
rubber which is resistant to petrol. 4 Ausiaßventil
Since the DRÄGER Tube fits into the tube 5 Pumpenkopf
6 Gummstopfen
holder at the intake opening of the hose, 7 Sieb
the volume of the intake line need not be 8 Griftplatte
taken into consideration in the 1 Limit chain
measurement Testing and evaluation of 2 Break-off eyelet
3 Front cover plate
the result are carried out just as described 4 Exhaust valve
for the detector tube concerned 5 Pump head
6 Rubber bung
7 Filler sieve
Destroying DRÄGER Tubes 8 Holding plate

1 Chainette extérieure
Detector Tubes contain small amounts of 2 Ouverture pour briser Ies pointes
3 Plaquette de protection
corrosive constituents. For this reason, 4 Valve d’échappement
neither used nor unused detector tubes 5 Tête de pompe
6 Bouchon en caoutchouc
should be carelessly discarded. 7 Tamis
To destroy detector tubes, the open tube 8 Plaquette supérieure tête de pompe

(in the case of ampoule tubes the ampoule 1 Cadenilla distanciadora

must also be opened) should be placed in 2 Ojete rompedor
3 Tapa
a container of water. This dilutes the 4 Valvula de escape
reagent system and the tube can then be 5 Cabeza de la bomba
6 Tapón - junta de goma
thrown in the waste bin. If several tubes 7 Tamiz
8 Empuñadura
are to be destroyed at the same time, a
little soda or lime should be added to the
water to neutralise the components of the
reagent system.

11-27
DRAEGER “SNIFFER” MULTIGAS DETECTOR-PARTS

1 Gasspürpumpe Mod. 31 1 Pompe détectrice Modèle 31

D 2
3
DRÄGER-Röhrchen*
Tragekasten
F 2
3
Tube réactif DRÄGER*
Coffret portatif
4 Abbrechhülse 4 Dispositif pour briser Ies tubes
5 Gummikappe 5 Bouchon en caoutchouc
6 Schraubendreher 6 Tournevis
7 Spezialschlüssel 7 Clef spéciale
8 Sieb 8 Tamis
9 Ventilscheibe 9 Valve d’échappement
10 Unterlegscheibe 10 Rondelle métallique
11 Dichtungsscheibe 11 Joint ajouré en caoutchouc
12 Gummiring 12 Joint caoutchouc
13 Ventilsitz 13 Siège de valve
14 Gummistopfen 14 Bouchon perforé
15 Trageschlaufe 15 Dispositif portatif
16 Betriebsanleitung 16 Mode d’emploi
17 Schutzbeutel 17 Etui de protection
* Die DRÄGER-Rohrchen gehören nicht zur Erstausstattung. * Les tubes réactifs ne font pas partie de la Iivraison initiale de
Sie müssen je nach Gasart gesondert bestellt werden (vgl. cet ensemble. Ils sont à commanderséparément, selon Ie gaz
Prospekt 2341 und Tabelle 2340). à analyser (voir prospectus 2341 f et Tableau 2340 f).
1 Gas detector pump, Model 31 1 Bomba detectora de gases Modelo 31
2 DRÄGER Tubes* 2 Tube réactif DRÄGER*
GB 3 Carrying case E 3 Caja portatil
4 Break-off husk 4 Casquillo rompedor
5 Rubber cap 5 Caperuza de goma
6 Screwdriver 6 Destornillador
7 Special spanner 7 Llave especial
8 Filter sieve 8 Tamiz
9 Valve disc 9 Platillo de la válvula
10 Washer 10 Arandela
11 Gasket 11 Arandela de junta
12 Rubber ring 12 Anillo de goma
13 Valve seat 13 Asiento de la válvula
14 Rubber bung 14 Tapón-junta de goma
15 Carrying strap 15 Lazo portador
16 Instructions for Use 16 Instrucciones de uso
17 Protective bag 17 Bolsa protector
* The DRÄGER Tubes are not supplied with the instrument, but * Los tubitos de control no forman parte del suministro original
Fig. 1 must be ordered separately as a function of the gas type. (See Tienen que pedirse por separado, según sea el tipo de gas (ver
Prospectus 2341 e. and Table 2340 e.) Prospecto 2341 s y Tabla 2340 s).

11-28
1 DRÄGER Tube Hydrogen Sulphide 1/c (67 19001)
2 Standard range of measurement 1 to 20 ppm hydrogen
sulphide (20°C, 1013 mbar) 10 to 200 ppm
hydrogen sulphide
3 Number of strokes of the n = 10
DRÄGER gas detector pump n= 1
4 Relative standard deviation 10 to 5%
5 Description
Scale tube white indicating layer, reagent: lead compound
colour change to pale brown.
6 Reaction principle
2+ +
H 2S + Pb PbS + 2H
Hydrogen sulphide Lead compound Pale brown
lead sulphide

7 Cross sensitivity
SO2 concentrations of up to 20 ppm have no influence on the H 2S
indication; in the presence of higher SO 2 concentrations, the H 2S
indication is somewhat too high (e. g. a mixture of 5 ppm H 2S and 40 ppm
SO2 gives an indication of about 8 ppm H 2S; a mixture of 10 ppm H 2S and
100 ppm SO 2 gives an indication of about 15 ppm H 2S).
SO2 alone does not discolour the indicating layer.

8 Extension of the range of measurement

The number of strokes can be increased directly to n = 100, whereby the
range of measurement is 0.1 to 2 ppm H 2S. Concentrations below 0.1 ppm
H2S can also be determined, if the number of strokes is increased above n
= 100. Up to 500 strokes are possible, but it must be ensured that the
indicating layer does not dry out during the test, since this would lead to
diffuse discolorations which are difficult to evaluate.

1 DRÄGER Tube Sulphur Dioxide 1/a (CH 31701)

2 Standard range of measurement 1 to 25 ppm sulphur diox ide
(20°C, 1013 mbar)
3 Number of strokes of
the DRÄGER gas detector pump n = 10
4 Relative standard deviation 15 to 10%
5 Description
Scale tube white precleanse layer, reagent: copper compound
blue indicating layer, reagent: Iodine/starch
colour change to white.
6 Reaction principle
Starch
SO + I 2 + 2 H 2O H2SO4 + 2 HI
Sulphur dioxide lodine

7 Cross-sensitivity
Hydrogen sulphide is retained in the precleanse layer. Oxides of nitrogen
(NO, NO 2) cause minus errors.

Concentration set SO2 Indication

5 ppm SO 2 + 10 ppm NO app. 3 ppm
20 ppm S0 2 + 10 ppm NO app. 17 ppm
5 ppm SO 2 + 3 ppm NO 2 app. 3 ppm
20 ppm SO 2 + 3 ppm NO 2 app. 15 ppm

11-29
 Methane;
DRÄGER-POLYTEST CH 284 Ethane;
01 Hydrogen and
Carbon dioxide.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 234-284 e . 10th Edition . September
Generally speaking, conclusions as to the toxicity of a gas
1977
mixture cannot be drawn from the indication of the
1. General and Application DRÄGER POLYTEST. Consequently, the DRÄGER
The DRÄGER POLYTEST qualitively indicates traces of POLYTEST cannot replace, for example, DRÄGER tubes
hazardous (flammable or toxic) impurities in air. The type of for CO or hydrogen sulphids.
impurity is not indicated; the indication can be caused by
various harmful or flammable substances. If a given 3. Shelf Life
impurity is to be determined, the corresponding specific Three years at storage temperatures below 30° C.
DRÄGER Tube must be used. This is, of course, also true
for substances 4. Influence of Ambient Temperature on the Indication
(e. g. CO,) which are not indicated by the DRÄGER
Between - 20 and + 100°C, the ambient temperature has no
POLYTEST.
influence on the indication. Atmospheric humidity changes
Because of the wide range of substances indicated, the the colour of the indicating layer to pale pink in zones. This
DRÄGER POLYTEST is particularly suitable for the early discoloration is not of importance. It occurs only when the
detection and localisation of, for example, leaks in pipelines air is saturated with moisture at fairly high temperatures and
carrying town gas, other fuel gases and even liquid fuels. the air sample does not contain any harmful impurities. The
For the same reason, it is also suitable for testing the air in DRÄGER POLYTEST can be used again for the detection
enclosed chambers (such as tanks and ships’ holds) and in of impurities provided that the pink discoloration does not
supply conduits (manholes, sewers) for hazardous extend over the entire indicating layer. The green or brown
contaminants prior to entry. discoloration will then start, not at the beginning of the
For testing, e. g. in a manhole or cable shaft, the DRÄGER indicating layer, but at the point at which the indicating layer
POLYTEST is used in conjunction with the extension hose is not yet affected by water.
(accessory for the Multi Gas Detector).
Before each series of measurements, ensure that the test
arrangement is leak-proof. When using the extension hose,
5. Notes on Use
test for leaks as follows: insert an unopened DRÄGER
POLYTEST tube in the tube holder of the extension tube The DRÄGER POLYTEST can be used from both sides.
and sqeeze the bellows of the pump as far as it will go. The After a negative indication, it can be used repeatedly on
test arrangement is leak-tight if the bellows does not the same day, namely 10 to 20 times, depending upon the
expand again when it is released (watch the limit chain). atmospheric humidity (see Section 4). Where the tube is
used repeatedly, it is advisable to alternate the direction of
flow in the individual tests. Protect the tubes from moisture
2. Sensitivity by means of rubber caps between the individual tests.
The sensitivity of the DRÄGER POLYTEST is so high that it
indicates the impurities concerned in quantities which are
well below their explosive limits even when the tube has
been used repeatedly, but is not yet completely exhausted. 6. Test and Evaluation of the Result
The table below gives some figures for those Break-off the tips of the tube. Insert the tube in either
concentrations of various gases and vapours which are direction in the mouthpiece of the bellows pump or the tube
indicated by a green or brown discoloration of length at holder of the extension hose (see Section 1). First suck the
least 1 to 3 mm in the 5-stroke test. The discolorations air sample through the DRÄGER POLYTEST with 1 pump
occurring in the presence of the pure substances are shown stroke. A green or brown discoloration indicates relatively
as a guide in the last column. high amounts of dangerous impurities, e. g. town gas,
petroleum vapour, liquid gas or hydrogen sulphide. This
means danger.
Discoloration immediately
after testing If there is no discoloration after 1 stroke, make a further 4
Acetone 2,000 ppm*), brown to strokes. If there is still no discoloration, the presence of
green dangerous amounts of gas at the test site can be excluded.
Acetylene 10 ppm, brown to green A pink discoloration, which may occur with very humid air,
Arsine 1 ppm, green is not of importance (see Section 4).
Benzene 50 ppm, brown If the purpose of the test is to check whether a cable shaft
Carbon disulphide 1 ppm, green can be entered and if a fairly intense green or brown
Carbon monoxide 5 ppm, brown to green discoloration has occurred, the shaft should be thoroughly
Ethylene 50 ppm, green ventilated before entry. The test should be repeated in the
Hydrogen sulphide 2 ppm, green same manner after ventilation.
Liquid gases (propane, butane) 100 ppm, green
Mineral oil (e. g, in compressed air) 50 mg/m³, brown to green
Monostyrene 10 ppm, brown to green Our table 2340 e contains in alphabetical order the gases
Nitrogen monoxide (NO) 20 ppm, green and vapours measurable with DRÄGER Tubes, important
Perchlorethylene 20 ppm, green physical and toxicological data of the gases and vapours as
Petrols (motor fuels) 50 mg/m³, brown to green well as many references to literature. This table will be sent
Toluene, xylene 10 ppm, violet to you on request.
Town gas (with more than 2 vol.% CO) 100 ppm, brown to Caution
green
Do not allow DRÄGER Tubes to fall into the hands of
Trichloroethylene 10 ppm, green
children. Contents are corrosive.
*) 10,000 ppm = 1 vol. %
For destroying DRÄGER Tubes, see Information Sheet No.
In addition to the substances listed here, the DRÄGER 88e.
POLYTEST indicates numerous other compounds, but not
all substances. The most important exceptions are:

11-30
 DRÄGER
Order Range of No. of Threshold respirator
Gases and vapours to DRÄGER tube to be code for 1 measurement 20ºC, pump Limit filter, code
be measured used pack 760 mm Hg (1013 strokes Value** letter and
mbar) (USA 1975) colour ace.
DIN 3181

Acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde 100/a 67 26665 100 to 1,000 ppm 20 100 ppm A, brown
Acetic acid Acetic acid 5/a 67 22101 5 to 80 ppm 3 10 ppm A, brown
Acetone Acetone 100/b CH 22901 100 to 12000 ppm 10 1,000 ppm A, brown
Acetylene Hydrocarbons 0.1%/b CH 26101 500 to 3,000 ppm 9 to 2 — —
Acrylonitrile Acrylonitrile 5/a CH 26901 5 to 30 ppm 5 20 ppm (S) A, brown
Ammonia Ammonia 5/a CH 20501 5 to 70 ppm 10 25 ppm K, green
50 to 700 ppm 1 — —
Ammonia 25/a CH 25501 25 to 700 ppm 10 — —
Ammonia 0.5%/a CH 31901 0.5 to 10 vol.% 1 — —
0.05 to 1 vol. % 10 — —
Aniline Aniline 5/a CH 20401 1 to 20 ppm 25 to 5 5 ppm (S) A, brown
Arsine Arsine 0.05/a CH 25001 0.05 to 3 ppm 20 0.05 ppm B, grey
1 to 60 ppm 1 — —

Benzene Benzene 5/a 67 18801 5 to 40 ppm 15 to 2 10 ppm (S) A, brown

Benzene 5/b 67 28071 5 to 50 ppm 20 — —
Benzene 0.05 CH 24801 15 to 420 ppm 20 to 2 10 ppm (S) —
(0.05 to 1.4 mg/l)
Benzyl chloride Vinyl chloride 1/a 67 28031 1 to 10 ppm 20 1 ppm A, brown
Bromine Chlorine 0.2/a CH 24301 0.2 to 3 ppm 10 0.1 ppm B, grey
2 to 30 ppm 1 — —
Butadiene-(1,3) Olefines 0.05%/a CH 31201 0.01 to 0.12 vol. % 13 to 2 1,000 ppm A, brown
n-Butane Hydrocarbons 0.1%/b CH 26101 0.1 to 0.8 vol.% 15 to 3 600 ppm A, brown
n-Butyl alcohol Alcohol 100/a CH 29701 100 to 3,000 ppm 10 50 ppm (S) A, brown
n-Butyl acetate Ethyl acetate 200/a CH 20201 200 to 2,000 ppm 20 150 ppm A, brown
sec-Butyl alcohol Alcohol 100/a CH 29701 100 to 3,000 ppm 10 150 ppm A, brown
1-Butylene Olefines 0.05%/a CH 31201 1 to 50 mg/l 20 to 1 — A, brown

Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide 0.01%/a CH 30801 0.01 to 0.3 Vol.% 10 — —

Carbon dioxide 0.10%/a CH 23501 0.1 to 1.2 Vol.% 5 5,000 ppm —
0.5 to 6 Vol.% 1 — —
Carbon dioxide 0.5%/a CH 31401 0.5 to 10 Vol.% 1 — —
Carbon dioxide 1% CH 25101 1 to 20 vol.% 1 — —
Carbon dioxide 5%/A CH 20301 5 to 60 voI. % 1 — —
Simultan tube 67 18301 200 to 2,500 ppm CO 2 — —
CO 200/a + CO 2 2%/a (2 -12 vol. % CO 2) 2 — —
Carbon disulphide Carbon disulphide 0.04 CH 26001 13 to 288 ppm 23 to 1 20 ppm (S) A. brown
(0.04 to 0.9 mg/l)
Carbon disulphide 30/a CH 23201 0.1 to 10 mg/l 6 — —
(32 to 3,200 ppm)
Carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide 5/c CH 25601 5 to 150 ppm 10 50 ppm CO, black
100 to 700 ppm 2 — code ring
Carbon monoxide 8/a CH 19701 8 to 150 ppm 10 — —
(only for CO in H 2)
Carbon monoxide 10/a CH 28900 10 to 300 ppm 10 — —
100 to 3,000 ppm 1 — —
Carbon monoxide 10/b CH 20601 10 to 300 ppm 10 — —
100 to 3,000 ppm 1 — —
Carbon monoxide 0.1%/a CH 29601 0.1 to 1.2 vol.% 1 — —
Carbon monoxide 0.3%/a CH 24901 0.3 to 4 vol.% 1 — —
Carbon monoxide 0.5%/a CH 29901 0.5 to 7 vol.% 1 — —
Simultan tube 67 18301 200 to 2,500 ppm CO 2 — —
CO 200/a + CO, 2%/a 2 to 12 vol.% CO 2 2 — —
Carbon pretube CH 24101 — — — —
Carbon tetrachloride 5/c Carbon tetrachloride 5/c CH 27401 5 to 50 ppm 5 10 ppm (S) A, brown
Chlorine Chlorine 0.2/a CH 24301 0.2 to 3 ppm 10 1 ppm B, grey
2 to 30 ppm 1 — —
Chlorine 50/a CH 20701 50 to 500 ppm 1 — —
Chlorine dioxide Chlorine 0.2/a CH 24301 0.110 1.5 ppm 10 0.1 ppm B, grey

11-31
 DRÄGER
Order Range of No. of Threshold respirator
Gases and vapours to DRÄGER tube to be code for 1 measurement 20ºC, pump Limit filter, code
be measured used pack 760 mm Hg (1013 strokes Value** letter and
mbar) (USA 1975) colour ace.
DIN 3181

Chloroform Methyl bromide 5/b CH 27301 25 to 250 ppm 10 25 ppm A, brown

Chloroformates Chloroformates O.2/b 67 18601 0.2 to 10 ppm 20 — —
Chloroprene Chloroprene 5/a 67 18901 5 to 60 ppm 3 25 ppm (S) A, brown
7.5 to 90 ppm 2 — —
Coolant R 11 Carbon tetrachloride 10/b CH 27401 — — 1,000 ppm A, brown
(Trichlorofluoromethane)
Cumene Toluene 25/a CH 27801 0.1 to 7 mg/l 10 50 ppm (S) A, brown
Cyanogen chloride Cyanogen chloride 0.25/a CH 19801 0.25 to 5 ppm 20 to 1 — B, grey
Cyclohexane Cyclohexane 100/a 67 25201 100 to 1.500ppm 10 300 ppm A, brown

Diborane Diborane 0.05/a 67 18101 0.05 to 3 ppm 20 0,1 ppm B, grey

1,2-Dichloroethane Methyl bromide 5/b CH 27301 — — 50 ppm A, brown
1,1-Dichloroethylene Vinyl chloride 1/a 67 28031 2.5 to 25 ppm 5 — A, brown
(Vinylidene chloride)
1,2-Dichloropropane Methyl bromide 5/b CH 27301 — 75 ppm A, brown
Diethylamine Triethylamine 5/a 67 18401 5 to 60 ppm 5 25 ppm A, brown
1,2-Diethyl benzene Toluene 25/a CH 27801 — — — A, brown
Diethyl ether (ethyl ether) Diethyl ether 100/a 67 30501 100 to 4,000 ppm 10 400 ppm A, brown
Dimethyl acetamide Dimethyl acetamide 10/a 67 28011 10 to 40 ppm 20 10 ppm (S) A, brown
Dimethylamine Triethylamine 5/a 67 18401 5 to 60 ppm 5 10 ppm K, green
Dimethylethylamine Triethylamine 5/a 6718401 5 to 60 ppm 5 — A, brown
Dimethyl formamide Dimethyl formamide 10/b 67 18501 10 to 40 ppm 10 10 ppm (S) A, brown
1,1-Dimethyl hydrazine Hydrazine 0.25/a CH 31801 0.25 to 3 ppm 10 0.5 ppm (S) K, green
Dimethyl sulphate Dimethyl sulphate 0.2/b 67 18701 0.2 to 5 ppm 22 to 2 — (S) B, grey
Dimethyl sulphide Chloroprene 5/a 67 18901 2 to 10 ppm 20 B, grey

Ethyl acetate Ethyl acetate 200/a CH 20201 200 to 3,000 ppm 20 400 ppm A, brown
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) Alcohol 100/a CH 29701 100 to 3,000 ppm 10 1,000 ppm A, brown
Ethyl glycol acetate Ethyl glycol acetate 50/a 67 26801 50 to 700 ppm 10 A, brown
Ethyl mercaptan see Mercaptan — — — —
Ethylene (ethene) Hydrocarbons 0.1 ‘./b CH 26101 0.5 to 2 vol.% 15 to 5 — —
Olefine 0.05%/a CH 31201 1 to 50 mg/l 20 to 1
Ethylene 50/a 67 28051 50 to 2500 ppm 3
Ethylene imine Hydrazine 0.25 CH 31801 0.25 to 3 ppm 10 0.5 ppm (S) K, green
Ethylene oxide Ethylene oxide 25/a 67 28241 25 to 500 ppm 30 50 ppm A, brown
Extraction solvents Hydrocarbons 2 CH 25401 — — — A, brown

Formaldehyde Formaldehyde 0.002 CH 26401 2 to 40 ppm 5 2 ppm B, grey

(0,002 to 0,05 mg/l)
Formaldehyde 0,5/a 67 26760 0.5 to 10 ppm 16 - 1 2 ppm B,grey
Formic acid Formic acid 1/a 67 22701 1 to 15 ppm 20 5 ppm E, yellow

n-Hexane Cyclohexane 100/a 67 25201 100 to 1,500 ppm 10 A, brown

Hydrazine Hydrazine 0.25/a CH 31801 0.25 to 3 ppm 10 1 ppm (S) K, green
Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons 0.1%b CH 26101 — A, brown
Hydrocarbons 2 CH 25401 —
Hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid 1/a CH 29501 1 to 10 ppm 10 5 ppm B, grey or
(Hydrogen chloride) 2 to 20 ppm 5 — E, yellow
Hydrocyanic acid Hydrocyanic acid 2/a CH 25701 2 to 30 ppm 5 10 ppm (S) B, grey
(Hydrogen cyanide) 10 to 150 ppm 1
Hydrogen Special tube CH 30901 0.5 to 3 vol. % 5 — —
Hydrogen 0.5%/a
Hydrogen chloride see Hydrochloric acid — — — — —
Hydrogen cyanide see Hydrocyanic acid — — — — —
Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen fluoride 1.5/b CH 30301 1.5 to 15 ppm 20 3 ppm B, grey
Hydrogen sulphide Hydrogen sulphide 67 19001 1 to 20 ppm 10 10 ppm B, grey
100 to 200 ppm 1 — —
Hydrogen sulphide 5/b CH 29801 5 to 60 ppm 10 — —
50 to 600 ppm 1 — —

11-32
 DRÄGER
Order Range of No. of Threshold respirator
Gases and vapours to DRÄGER tube to be code for 1 measurement 20ºC, pump Limit filter, code
be measured used pack 760 mm Hg (1013 strokes Value** letter and
mbar) (USA 1975) colour ace.
DIN 3181

Hydrogen sulphide 0.5/a 67 28041 0.5 to 15 ppm 10 — —

2.5 to 75 ppm 2 — —
Hydrogen sulphide 100/a CH 29101 100 to 2.000 ppm 1 — —
Hydrogen sulphide 0.2%/A CH 28101 0,2 to 7 vol.% 1 — —
Hydrogen sulphide + CH 28201 0,2 to 7 vol.% 1 — —
sulphur dioxide 0.2%/A 0,02 to 0.7 vol. % 10 — —

Kerozene Hydrocarbons 2 CH 25401 — — — A, brown

Liquid gas see Butane and Propane — — — — —

Mercaptan Mercaptan 2/a CH 20801 2 to 100 ppm 10 0.5 ppm A, brown

3
Mercury vapour Mercury 0.1/b CH 23101 0.1 to 2 mg/m³ 20 to 1 0.05 mg/m Hg, brown-
red
Methacrylonitrile Methacrylonitrile l/a 67 30101 1 to 10 ppm 20 1 ppm (S) A, brown
Methane see natural gas — 20 — —
Methyl acrylate Methyl acrylate 5/a 67 28161 5 to 200 ppm — 10 ppm (S) A, brown
Methyl alcohol (methanol) Alcohol 100/a CH 29701 100 to 3,000 ppm 10 200 ppm (S) A, brown
Methyl amine Triethylamine 5/a 67 18401 5 to 60 ppm 5 10 ppm K, green
Methyl bromide Methyl bromide 5/b CH 27301 5 to 50 ppm 5 15 ppm (S) A, brown
Methyl bromide 3/a 67 28211 3 to 35 ppm 5 15 ppm (S) A, brown
Methyl chloroform see Trichloroethane — — — — —
Methyl ethyl ketone Acetone 100/b CH 22901 — — 200 ppm A, brown
Methyl isobutyl ketone Acetone 100/b CH 22901 100 to 12,000 ppm 10 100 ppm (S) A, brown
Methyl mercaptan see Mercaptan — — — — —
Methyl methacrylate Methyl methacrylate 50/a 67 28171 50 to 500 ppm 10 100 ppm A, brown
Methylene chloride Methylene chloride 100/a 67 24601 100 to 2,000 ppm 10 200 ppm A, brown
(Dichloromethane) Methylene chloride 100/b 67 28331 100 to 3,000 ppm 10 200 ppm A, brown
Monostyrene 10/a 67 23301 10 to 200 ppm 15 to 2 100 ppm A, brown
Monostyrene (styrene) Monostyrene 50/a CH 27601 50 to 400 ppm 11 to 2 100 ppm A, brown

Natural gas (methane) DRÄGER Natural Gas Test CH 20001 qualitative — — —

Nickel tetracarbonyl Nickel tetracarbonyl 0.1 /a CH 19501 0.1 to 1 ppm 20 0.1 ppm (S) CO black
ode ring
Nitrogen dioxide 0.5 to Nitrogen dioxide 0.5/c CH 30001 0.5 to 10 ppm 5 5 ppm B, grey
5 to 25 ppm 2 — —
Nitrogen dioxide 2/c 67 19101 2 to 50 ppm 10 — —
5 to 100 ppm 5 — —
Nitrogen monoxide see Nitrous fumes — — — — —
Nitroglycol Nitroglycol 0.25/a 67 18201 0.25 ppm 20 — A, brown
Nitrous fumes Nitrous fumes 0.5/a CH 29401 0.5 to 10 ppm 5 5 ppm (N02) B, grey
(NO+NO2) Nitrous fumes 2/a CH 31001 2 to 50 ppm 10 — —
5 to 100 ppm 5 — —
Nitrous fumes 20/a 67 24001 20 to 500 ppm 2 — —
Nitrous fumes 100/c CH 27701 100 to 1,000 ppm 5 — —
500 to 5,000 ppm 1 — —

n-Octane Pet. Hydrocarbons 100/a 67 30201 100 to 2.500 ppm 2 500 ppm A, brown
Olefines(butylene,propylene) Olefines 0.05%/a CH 31201 1 to 50 mg/l 20 to 1 0.1 ppm A, brown
Oxygen Oxygen 5%/B 67 28081 5 to 23 vol.% 1 —
Ozone Ozone 0.05/a CH 31301 0.05 to 1.4 ppm 10 —
0.5 to 14 ppm 1 —
Ozone 10/a CH 21OO1 10 to 300 ppm 1 —

n-Pentane n-Pentane 100/a 67 24701 100 to 1,500 ppm 5 600 ppm A, brown
Perchloroethylene Perchloroethylene 10/a CH 30701 10 to 400 ppm 3 100 ppm A, brown
(Tetrachloroethylene) Perchloroethylene 5/a 67 26699 5 to 50 ppm 10 — —
Perchloroethylene 0.1%/a 67 28021 0.1 to 1.4 vol.% 5 — —

11-33
 DRÄGER
Order Range of No. of Threshold respirator
Gases and vapours to DRÄGER tube to be code for 1 measurement 20ºC, pump Limit filter, code
be measured used pack 760 mm Hg (1013 strokes Value** letter and
mbar) (USA 1975) colour ace.
DIN 3181

Petroleum hydrocarbons Petroleum 67 30201 100 to 2,500 ppm 2 300 ppm A, brown
hydrocarbons 100/a (n-Octane) (n-Octane)
Hydrocarbons 2 CH 25401 — — — A, brown
Phenol 5/a CH 31501 5 ppm 10 5 ppm (S) A, brown
Phenol Phosgene 0.05/a CH 19401 0.05 to 1.2 ppm 26 to 1 0.05 ppm B, grey
Phosgene Phosgene 0.25/b CH 28301 0.25 to 15 ppm 5 — —
1.25 to 75 ppm 1 — —
Phosphine Phosphine 0.1/a CH 31101 0.1 to 4 ppm 10 0.3 ppm B, grey
1 to 40 ppm 1 — —
Phosphine 50/a CH 21201 50 to 1,000 ppm 3 — —
15 to 300 ppm 10 — —
150 to 3,000 ppm 1 — —
(Polytest) DRÄGER Polytest CH 28401 — 5 — —
Propane Hydrocarbons 0.1%/b CH 26101 0.5 to 3 vol.% 15 to 7 — A, brown
n-Propylalcohol(propanol) Alcohol 100/a CH 29701 100 to 3,000 ppm 10 200 ppm (S) A, brown
iso-Propyl alcohol Alcohol 100/a CH 29701 100 to 3,000 ppm 10 400 ppm (S) A, brown
(iso-propanol)
Propylene l Olefines 0.05%/a CH 31201 1 to 50 mg/ 20 to 1 — A, brown

Styrene see monostyrene — — —

Sulphur dioxide Sulphur dioxide 0.1/a 67 27101 0.1 to 3 ppm 100 — E, yellow
Sulphur dioxide 1/a CH 31701 1 to 25 ppm 10 5 ppm —
Sulphur dioxide 20/a CH 24201 20 to 200 ppm 10 — —
200 to 2,000 ppm 1 — —
Sulphur dioxide 50/a 67 26289 50 to 500 ppm 10 — —
500 to 5,000 ppm 1 — —
3
Systox Systox 1/a CH 27501 1 mg absolute 0.1 mg/m A, brown

Tetrahydrofuran Alcohol 100/a CH 29701 30 to 400 ppm 20 200 ppm A, brown

Tetrahydrothiophene Tetrahydrothiophene 1/a 6728251 1 to 10 ppm 30 — A, brown
Toluene Toluene 5/a CH 23001 5 to 400 ppm 5 100 ppm (S) A, brown
Toluene 25/a CH 27801 25 to 1,860 ppm 10 — —
0.1 to 7 mg/l
Toluylenediisocyanate(TDI) TDI 0.02/A 67 24501 0.02 to 0.2 ppm 25 0.02 ppm A, brown
Town gas DRÄGER Polytest CH 28401 — — CO, black
code ring
Carbon monoxide 10/a CH 28900 — — —
Carbon monoxide 10/b CH 20601 — — —
1,1,1-Trichloroethane Trichloroethane 50/b CH 21101 50 to 350 ppm 10 350 ppm A, brown
(Methyl chloroform) 100 to 700 ppm 5 — —
Trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene 10/a CH 24401 10 to 500 ppm 5 100 ppm A, brown
Triethylamine Triethylamine 5/a 67 18401 5 to 60 ppm 5 25 ppm A, brown

Vinyl chloride Vinyl chloride 0.5/a 67 28061 0.5 to 3 ppm 10 1 ppm A, brown
(Chloroethylene) 0.25 to 1.5 ppm 20 — —
Vinyl chloride 1/a 67 28031 1 to 10 ppm 20 — —
5 to 50 ppm 5 — —
Vinyl chloride 100/a CH 19601 100 to 3,000 ppm 18 to 1 — —
Vinylidene chloride see 1,1-Dichloroethylene — — — — —

Water vapour Water vapour 0.1 CH 23401 0.1 to 40 mg/l 10 — —

o-Xylene Toluene 25/a CH 27801 0.1 to 7 mg/l 10 100 ppm (S) A, brown

* With a few exceptions, 1 pack contains 10 DRÄGER tubes. (The shelf life of DRÄGER tubes is 2 years.)

** There are substances which pass into the body, not by inhalation, but by skin resorption in the liquid or vapour
form. We have marked these substances with an (S) in brackets in the TLV column.

11-34
Practical Accessories
Extension Hose
(3 m)
for investigation at inaccessible
points of measurement. It is
firmly connected to the pump.
The tube is inserted in the tube
holder at the free end of the
hose, and is, therefore,
protected against damage.
Motor Vehicle
Exhaust Gas Probe
for investigation of the CO
content of exhaust gases of
internal combustion engines with
CO tubes. In addition to CO,
other exhaust gas components
can also be determined with
DRÄGER tubes using the motor Respiratory CO Test
vehicle exhaust gas probe.
The Multi Gas Detector can be
supplied either complete with
handy carrying box or as a
separate instrument.
Stroke Counter
automatically counts the strokes
made with the bellows pump.
Hot Air Probe
for investigation of furnaces with
DRÄGER tubes.
Supplementary part for the Multi
Gas Detector for respiratory CO
testing.
The carboxy-haemoglobin
saturation level of the blood can
be determined from a
respiratory CO test in the
expired air.
Quantimeter
Electric pump for measuring
toxic substances with DRÄGER
tubes. Mains-independent
operation – for immission
measurements and
investigations of the atmosphere
in workplaces.
11-35
Technical Data
Bellows pump
Weight: app. 250 g
Stroke volume: 100 cm3
Carrying box
Dimensions: 175 x 134 x 150 mm (l x w x h)
Weight: app. 1,500 g

Order List

Multi Gas Detector CH 304 Accessories for the Supplement to the Multi
Multi Gas Detector Gas Detector
The instrument is
Quantimeter 6700292
supplied in a metal Stroke counter 67 26 124
Electrical pump for
carrying box. for counting the pump
hazard measurement
Also supplied: strokes
protective bag for the
Extension hose (3m long) CH 7271
pump and spare parts.
with bag, for
investigation at
inaccessible points of
Component parts of
measurement
the Multi Gas Detector CH 213
Hot air probe
Bellows pump MGD,
for investigation of
Model 31 6726065
furnace waste gases
CH 270
Protective bag for MGD CH 6728
Supplementary parts
Carrying box for MGD for the respiratory CO
21/31 CH 15474 test
CH 238
Special screwdriver CH 6718 Supplementary parts
MGD for blood CO testing
CH 6754
Special spanner MGD Motor vehicle exhaust CH 214
CH 11963
gas probe
Spare part box MGD
for the investigation of
Set of rubber caps for CH 16631 exhaust gases
6724 537
MGD (10)
6727211 Mixing device
Bag of spare parts MGD for producing gas
CH 7274
Extension hose only mixtures with given
mixing ratios
DRÄGER tubes (in packs of 10)
see pages 4 – 7.
Subject to modifications

DRÄGERWERK AG LÜBECK
Federal Republic of GERMANY

Postfach 1339 . Moislinger Allee 53/55 . D-2400 Lübeck 1

Telephone (04 51) 81021 Telex 026807

Graphische Werkstätion 2921/79 - 9042018

Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany
Prospectus 2341e . 25th Edition . November 1977

11-36
BENDIX GASTEC DETECTOR MAINTENANCE

Description of Pump

Construction of the Gastec pump is illustrated below. This pump pulls the highest
vacuum for its type (8.1” of Hg). There are no flow-rate orifices to cause malfunction
of the pump by clogging or leaking. A friction-proof piston gasket ( lubricant seal
packing) provides completely leakproof sampling at all times.

Checking Pump Performance

A. Visually check rubber inlet flange for cracks or tears. Replace if damaged.
Tighten inlet clamping nut.

B. Valve Leak Check

1. Insert a fresh sealed detector tube into pump. Misalign red dots on
pump and handle. Pull several fairly rapid continuous full pump
strokes.
2. Pull handle out 6mm (1/4 inch) and hold in this position for 1 or 2
seconds.
3. Release handle.
4. If handle returns to within 1.5mm (1/16 inch) or less of fully closed
position, continue to step C.
5. If handle does not return to within 1.5mm (1/16 inch) of fully closed
position (or less), perform the following Valve Lubrication instruction
outlined below.

C. Field Volume Check

1. Insert a fresh sealed detector tube into pump.

2. Align red dots on pump body and handle.
3. Pull handle firmly and at a moderate speed until handle locks into
position. Wait 1 minute.
4. Unlock handle by turning it and guide it back. TO PROTECT PUMP
STOPPER from breakage, do not release the handle and allow it to
spring back when conducting a leak test. Make sure you hold your
hand onto the handle and guide it back.
5. Pump handle should return to within 6 mm (1/4 inch) or less of the fulIy
closed position.
6. If pump handle does not close to within 6 mm (1/4 inch) or less, follow
lubrication instructions and retest.
11-37
D. Lubrication Instructions (Perform Laboratory Volume Check “E” after each
lubrication)
1. Valve Lubrication
a. Unscrew back plate and withdraw piston from pump cylinder.
b. Remove check valve from piston.
c. Clean valve and piston with lint-free cloth. Proper valve cleaning is as
follows:
Place cloth flat on desk.
Wipe rubber valve flap in a flat position across cloth.
Do not bend the rubber flap valve.
d. Apply a small amount of grease evenly around the valve opening to
form a thin film. A thin film is nearly. invisible.
e. Replace valve assembly loosely in the same manner as removed.

f. Before tightening the screw, align valve so that valve hole is in center
of valve flap.
g. Then push the rectangular valve retainer all he way toward loose end
of valve flap.
h. Now tighten screw. If a torque driver is available, tighten to 0.8 Kg-cm.
Otherwise, be careful not to overtighten screw When tightened, screw
must not deform rectangular valve retainer.

2. Piston Gasket Lubrication

a. Wire off piston and cylinder with a clean lint-free cloth.

b. Remove piston gasket with a small bladed screwdriver. Take care not
to cut gasket.
c. Clean slot in piston with lint-free cloth. Wipe off rubber gasket.
d. Wipe an ample supply of grease into gasket slot on piston and inside
gasket.
e. Replace gasket making sure that open side of gasket is toward pump
handle.

f. With the excess grease from piston slot, wipe around outside of gasket
and piston.
g. Wipe an ample amount of grease into cylinder at the area of piston
entrance.
h. Insert piston slowly into the cylinder. Work the piston back and forth
slowly in the cylinder several times.
I. Now screw back plate firmly onto cylinder.
j. Repeat leak tests.
k. If any leak remains, replace piston gasket.
l. Only if a leak persists, go to procedure below.

11-38
3. Pump Head Lubrication

a. This is only necessary where all previous procedures have failed to

correct a leak.
b. Visually check pump head “O” ring for cracks.
c. Replace “O” ring if cracked.
d. Place a light coat of grease on pump cylinder head screw threads and
the “O” ring.
e. Insert new “O" ring.
f. Screw pump head firmly on to “O” ring and make sure “O” ring is
seated uniformly. Overtightening pump head may push “O” ring out of
place. Do not overtighten.
g. Wipe off excess grease.

E. Laboratory Volume Check (To be performed at least once after each

lubrication )
The Gastec pump can be checked periodically to assure that 100 ±5 ml are
being sampled.

1. Arrange a graduated 100 ml soap film flow meter in a volume test

mode.
2. Insert a fresh Gastec tube into the pump. The tube must be broken at
both ends (ready for use).
3. Attach the Gastec tube to top of soap film flow meter with rubber hose.
Make sure there are no leaks.
4. Pull pump handle out full to lock at one stroke in normal sampling
manner.
5. Wait until the bubble stops moving and read the volume evacuated.
6. If the volume evacuated is other than 100 ± 5 ml, proceed to lubrication
instruction and retest.

Certification of Gas Detector Tube Units

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has established
a testing and certification program to insure that devices and instruments used in
assessing and protecting against health hazards meet acceptable performance
requirements. The Occupational Safety and Health Act (1970) requires the use of
certified equipment unless no such equipment exists. At this point, detector tubes
and sound level meters are the only instruments being tested under this program.

The following Gastec Detector Tubes have been certified by NIOSH and issued the
certification number :

Tube No. 1La Carbon Monixide TC-84-014

Tube No. 5La Sulfur Dioxide TC-84-017
Tube No. 9L Nitrogen Dioxide TC-84-018
Tube No. 4LL Hydrogen Sulfide TC-84-020
Tube No. 2L Carbon Dioxide TC-84-021

11-39
HYDROGEN SULFIDE EXTRA LOW RANGE TUBE No. 4LL
1. Performance

Calibration 5 - 60 ppm (n=1) Color Change White – Brown

Scale
Measuring 0.5 - 6 ppm (n=10) Sampling Time 1 minute/pump stroke
Range 1 - 12 ppm (n=5)
2.5 - 30 ppm (n=2)
5 - 60 ppm (n=1)
Detecting 0.1 ppm (n=10) Shelf Life 2 years
Limit

2. Detection Principle
Hydrogen sulfide reacts with lead acetate to produce lead sulfide, which is brown
in color.
H2S + Pb(CH 3COO)2 PbS + CH 3COOH

3.
Interferences Concentration Result Comment
Sulfur dioxide More than 2 times- Plus error No stain by itself
H2S conc.
Nitrogen dioxide More than 1/2 of Minus error
H2S conc.

4. 4.1 Standard Gas Generation Method: Dynamic permeation tube method

4.2 Method of Analysis: Methylene blue method

SULFUR DIOXIDE LOW RANGE TUBE No. 5L

1. Performance

Calibration 5 - 100 ppm (n=1) Color Change Purple - Dull Yellow

Scale
Measuring 1 - 5 ppm (n=5) Sampling Time 1 minute/pump stroke
Range 5 - 100 ppm (n=1)
100 - 200 ppm (n=½)
Detecting 0.2 ppm (n=5) Shelf Life 3 years
Limit

2. Detection Principle

Sulfur dioxide neutralizes sodium hydroxide to discolor PH indicator (phenol red)

to dull yellow.
SO2 + NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O

3.
Interferences Concentration Result Comment
Hydrogen cyanide More than 1/3 Plus error Also produces similar stain by
of SO2 conc. itself
Hydrogen chloride “ “ “
Chlorine More than 1/5 “ Produces white stain by itself
of SO2 conc.
Ammonia “ “ Produces reddish-purple stain
by
itself
Hydrogen sulfide No effect
carbon dioxide “

11-40
 1) 2) 3) 4)
Gas or Vapor Chemical TLV- Measurable Pump Shelf
TWA Tube Detector Tube Concentra- Strokes Life
to be measured Formula
ACGIH No. to be used tion Range taken (year)
Acetaldehyde CH3CHO 100ppm * 92 Acetaldehyde 10-750ppm 1-4 1.5
Acetic Acid CH3COOH 10ppm 81 Acetic Acid 1-80ppm 1/2-2 2
Acetic Anhydride (CH3CO)2O 5ppm 81 Acetic Acid 0.5-40ppm 1/2-2 2
Acetone (CH3)2CO 1000ppm 151 Acetone 0.01-2.0% 1-2 3
Acetylene C 2H 2 — 171 Acetylene 0.1-4,0% 1/2-2 3
Acrolein CH2:CHCHO 0.1ppm * 93 Acrolein 7-800 ppm 2-4 1.5
Acrylonitrile CH2CHCN 2ppm +191 Acrylonitrile 4-360 ppm 1-4 2
+191L Acrylonitrile- 0.25-15 ppm 2-7 3
Low Range
Ammonia R-NH 2 — 180 Amines 1-60ppm 1/2-2 3
NH3 25ppm 3H Ammonia-High Range 0.2-32% 1/2-5 3
3M Ammonia-Middle Range 10-1000ppm 1/2-5 3
3L Ammonia-Low Range 1-60ppm 1/2-2 3
n-Amyl Acetate CH3COOC2H4CH(CH3)2 100ppm 142 Butyl Acetate 0.01-0.9% 2 3
Aniline C6H5NH2 2ppm *181 Aniline 1.25-60ppm 2-5 1
Arsine AsH3 0.05ppm 19L Arsine-Low Range 0.05-5ppm 10-20 2
Benzene C 6H 6 10ppm 121 Benzene 5-120ppm 1-4 3
+121L Benzene-Low Range 0.25-60ppm 1-10 2
Benzyl Bromide C6H5CH2Br — +136 MethylBromide 25-850ppm 1 2
Benzyl Chloride C6H5CH2CI 1ppm *132L Trichloroethylene- 0.5-25ppm 2 1
Low Range
Bromine Br2 0.1ppm 9L Nitrogen Dioxide- 2-23ppm 2 2
Low Range
Bromform CHBr 3 0.5ppm +136 Methyl Bromide 0.5-50ppm 1-2 2
(Tribromomethane)
Butadiene CH2CHCHCH 2 1000ppm 174 Butadiene 50-800ppm 1 2
Butane C4H10 800ppm 104 n-Butane 50-1400ppm 1 3
Butyl Acetate CH3COOC4H9 150ppm 142 Butyl Acetate 0.01-0.8% 2 3
n-Butyl Alcoho C4H9OH 50ppm 112 Ethyl Alcohol 100- 4 2
(n-Butanol) (Ethanol) 1500ppm
sec-Butyl Alcohol C2H4(OH)C2H5 100ppm 112 Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol) 100-3500ppm 4 2
tert-Butyl Alcohol (CH3)3COH 100ppm 102L n-Hexane Low Range 1000-8900ppm 2 3
n-Butyl Amine C 4H 9N 2 5ppm 180 Amines 1-60ppm 1/2-2 2
3
tert-Butyl Mercaptan (CH3)3CSH 75 tert-Butyl Mercaptan 2.5-30 mg/m 2 2
Carbon Dioxide CO2 5000ppm 2H Carbon Dioxide- 0.5-20% 1/2-2 3
High Range
2L Carbon Dioxide- 0.13-6.0% 1/2-2 3
Low Range
2LL Carbon Dioxide- 300- 1 3
Extra Low Range 5000ppm
Carbon Disulfide CS2 10ppm + 13M Carbon Disulfide- 40-4000ppm 1/2-2 2
Middle Range
+ 13 Carbon Disulfide 2-125ppm 1/2-2 3
Carbon Monoxide CO 50ppm 1H Carbon Monoxide- 0.1-10% 1/2-2 2
High Range
1M Carbon Monoxide- 0.05-4.0% 1/2-2 2
Middle Range
1L Carbon Monoxide- 10-2000ppm 1/2-5 2
Low Range
1La Carbon Monoxide- 8-1000ppm 1/2-3 2
Low Range
1LL Carbon Monoxide- 5-50ppm 2 2
Extra Low Range
+
Carbon CCl 4 10ppm *134 Carbon 1-60ppm 1-5 1
Tetrachloride Tetrachloride
+
Carbonyl Sulfide COS *21 Carbonyl Sulfide 5-200ppm 1/2-2 2
Chlorine Cl2 1ppm 8H Chlorine-High Range 25-1000ppm 1/2-2 2
8La Chlorine-Low Range 0.33-16ppm 1/2-3 2
Chlorine Dioxide ClO2 0.1ppm 8La Chlorine-Low Range 0.33-18ppm 1/2-3 2
Chlorobenzene C6H5Cl 75ppm 121 Benzene 5-350ppm 1-2 3
(Monochlorobenzene)
Chlorobromomethane CH2ClBr 200ppm +136 Methyl Bromide 8-80ppm 1 2
+135 Methyl 40-350ppm 1 1
chloroform

11-41
 Gas or Vapor Chemical TLV- 1) 2) 3) Measurable Pump 4) Shelf
TWA Tube Detector Tube Concentra- Strokes Life
to be measured Formula
ACGIH No. to be used tion Range taken (year)
Chloroform CHCl3 10ppm +137 Chloroform 4-400ppm 3-7 1
Chloropicrin CCl3NO2 0.1ppm +134 Carbon Tetrachloride 1-60ppm 1-5 1
(Trichloronitromethane) *
Cumene C6H5CH(CH 3)2 50ppm 122 Toluene 5-2400ppm 1/2-2 1
Cyclohexane C6H12 300ppm 102H Hexane-High Range 0.015-1.2% 1/2-2 3
Cyclohexanone C6H10O 25 ppm 154 Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexylamine C6H13N 10ppm 180 Amines 1-60ppm 1/2-2 3
1,1-Dibromoethane CHBr 2CH3 — + 136 Methyl Bromide 7-70ppm 1 2
(Ethylidine Dibromide)
1,2-Dibromoathane CH2BrCH 2Br — +136 Methyl Bromide 6-80ppm 1 2
(Ethylene Dibromide)
o-Dichlorobenzene C6H4Cl2 50ppm 121 Benzene 10-700ppm 1 3
+121L Benzene-Low Range 3-70ppm 3 2
1, 2- Dichloroethylene CI2CHCH 3 200ppm +135 Methyl Chloroform 30-1130ppm 1-4 1
1,2-Dichloroethylene CHCICHCI 200ppm *132H TrichloroethyIene- 10-450ppm 1 1.5
(Acetylene Dichloride) High Range
Diethyl Amine (C2H5)2N 10ppm 180 Amines 1-60ppm 1/2-2 3
Diethyl Benzene C6H4(C2H5)2 — 122 Toluene 25-2400ppm 2 1
Diisopropylamine C6H15N 5ppm 180 Amines 1-60ppm 1/2-2 3
Dimethyl Acetamide CH3CON(CH 3)2 10ppm 184 Dimethyl Acetamide 1.5-240ppm 1-4 2
Dimethyl Amine (CH3)2NH 10ppm 180 Amines 1-60ppm 1/2-2 3
Dimethylformamide HCON(CH 3)2 10ppm 183 Dimethyl Formamide 0.8-90ppm 1/2-2 2
Dimethyl Aniline C6H5N(CH 3)2 5ppm * 181 Aniline 2.5-45ppm 3 1
(N-Dimethyl Aniline)
Dimethyl Ether (CH3)2O — 161 Ethyl Ether (Ether) 0.03-0.9% 1 3
(Methyl Ether)
Dioxane (C2H40)2 25ppm 163 Ethylene Oxide 0.6-5.6% 1 3
Ethyl Acetate CH3COOC 2H5 400ppm 141 Ethyl Acetate 0.04-1.5% 1 3
Ethyl Acryate CH2:CHCOOCH 2CH3 5ppm 151 Acetone 0.02-0.75% 2 3
Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol) C2H5OH 1000ppm 112 Ethyl Alcohol 0.02-7.5% 1/2-2 2
Ethyl Benzene C6H5C2H5 100ppm 122 Toluene 7-700ppm 1/2-2 1

Ethvl Bromide C2H5Br 200ppm + 136 Methyl Bromide 10-90ppm 1 2

Ethyl Chloroformate CICOOC 2H5 — +131La Vinyl Chloride-Low 10-140ppm 2 1
Range
Ethylene(Ethene) C2H4 — 172 Ethylene 50-800ppm 1 2
172L Ethylene-Low Range 0.2-50ppm 4 2
Ethylenediamine C2H4(NH2)2 10ppm 180 Amines 2-120ppm 1/2-2 3
Ethylene Imine C2H5N 0.5ppm 180 Amines 1-60ppm 1/2-2 3
Ethylene Oxide (CH2)20 5ppm 163 Ethylene Oxide 0.1-3.0% 1 3
+163 Ethylene Oxide- 2-100ppm 2-4 1
* Low Range
Ethyl Ether(Ether) (C2H5)2O 400ppm 161 Ethyl Ether (Ether) 0.04-1.0% 1 3
Ethyl Mercaptan C2H2SH 0.5 ppm 72 Ethyl Mercaptan 5.1 20ppm 1-2 3
Formaldehyde HCHO 2ppm + 91 Formaldehyde 2-20ppm 2 3
* 91L Formaldehyde-Low 0.2-5ppm 5 1
Range
Formic Acid HCOOH 5ppm 81 Acetic Acid 1-80ppm 1/2-2 2
Furfural C5H4O 2ppm
Gasoline CnHm 300ppm 101 Gasoline 0.015-1.2% 1/2-2 3
101 L Gasoline-Low Range 30-1000ppm 2 3
n-Heptane C7H16 400ppm 102 Gasoline 0.015-1.2% 1/2-2 3
n-Hexane C6H14 100ppm 102H Hexane-High Range 0.015-1.2% 1/2-2 3
102L n-HexaneLowRange 10-2640ppm 1/2-5 3
Hydrazine N2H4 0,1 ppm 180 Amines 2-120ppm 1/2-2
Hydrogen H2 — 30 Hydrogen (Color 0.5-2.0% 1 2
Intensity Tube)
Hydrogen Chloride HCI 5ppm 14M Hydrogen Chloride- 25-1000ppm 1/2-2 2
(Hydrocyanic Acid) Middle Range
14L Hydrogen Chloride- 0.2-40ppm 1/2-10 3
Low Range

11-42
 Gas or Vapor Chemical TLV- 1) 2) 3) Measurable Pump 4) Shelf
TWA Tube Detector Tube Concentra- Strokes Life
to be measured Formula
ACGIH No. to be used tion Range taken (year)
Hydrogen Cyanide HCN 10ppm 12H Hydrogen Cyanide- 0.05-2.0% 1 2
(Hydrocyanic Acid) High Range
12L Hydrogen Cyanide- 2.5-120ppm 1/2-2 2
Low Range
Hydrogen Fluoride HF 3ppm 17 Hydrogen Fluoride 0.5-20ppm 4-7 3
Hydrogen Sulfide H2S 10ppm 4HT Hydrogen Sulfide 1-40% 1/2-2 3
4HH Hydrogen Sulfide- 0.1-4.0% 1/2-1 3
Extra High Range
4H Hydrogen Sulfide-High 100-3200ppm 1/2-1 3
Range
4M Hydrogen Sulfide- 12.5-500ppm 1/2-2 3
Middle Range
4L Hydrogen Sulfide-Low 1-240ppm 1/2-10 3
Range
4LL Hydrogen Sulfide- 0.5-60ppm 1-10 3
Extra Low Range
Iodine I2 0.1ppm 9L Nitrogen Dioxide- 0.5-12ppm 2 2
Low Range
Isobutyl Acetate CH3COOC 2H3(CH3)2 150ppm 142 Butyl Acetate 0.005-0.66% 2 3
Isobutyl Alcohol (CH2)2C3H3OH 50ppm 112 EthylAlcohol(Ethanol) 100-3000ppm 2-4 2
Iso-Octane (CH3)3C3H3(CH3)2 101 Gasoline 0.015-1,2% 1/2-2 3
Isopropyl Acetate CH3COOCH(CH 3)2 250ppm 151 Acetone 0.05-0.75% 2 3
Isopropyl Alcohol (CH3)2CHOH 400ppm 113 Isopropyl Alcohol 0.02-7,5% 1/2-2 2
(Isopropanol) (Isopropanol)
Isopropylamine C3H9N 5ppm 180 Amines 1-60ppm 1/2-2 3
L.P. Gas 1000ppm 100A L.P. Gas (Propylene) 0.02-0.6% 1 3
Mercury Vapor Hg 0.05mg/m3 40 Mercury Vapor 0.05-13.2 g/m3 1 3
Methacrylonitrile CH2:C(CH 3)CN — +192 Methacrylonitrile 0.2-32ppm 1-4 2
Methyl Acrylate CH2:CHCOOCH 3 10ppm 151 Acetone 0.01-0.65% 2 3
Methyl Alcohol CH30H 200ppm 111 Methyl Alcohol 0.01-4.5% 1/2-2 2
(Methanol) (Methanol)
Methyl Bromide CH3Br 5ppm +136 Methyl Bromide 2-200ppm 1/2-4 2
Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1- CH3CCl3 350ppm +135 Methyl Chloroform 100-500ppm 1 1
Trichloroethane)
Methyl Chloroformate CICOOCH 3 — +131La Vinyl Chloride-Low 70-1050ppm 5 1
Range
Methylene Chloride CH2CI2 100ppm +136 Methylene Chloride 50-500ppm 5 1
(Dichloromethane)
Methyl Ethyl Ketone CH3COC 2H5 200ppm 152 Methyl Ethyl Ketone 0.02-0.6% 2 3
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone CH3COCH2CH(CH3)2 50ppm 153 MethylIsobutylKetone 0,01-0,6% 2 3
Methyl Mercaptan CH3SH 0.5ppm 71 Methyl Mercaptan 0.5-70ppm 1-10 3
Methyl Methacrylate CH2:(CH3)COOCH 3 — 141 Ethyl Acetate 0.005-0.275% 4 3
Morpholine C4H9NO 20ppm 180 Amines 1-60ppm 1/2-2 3
Monoethyl Amine (Ethyl C2H5NH2 10ppm 160 Amines 1-60ppm 1/2-2 3
Amine)
Monomethyl Amine CH3NH2 10ppm 180 Amines 1-60ppm 1/2-2 3
(Methyl Amine)
Monomethyl Aniline C6H5NHCH 3 2ppm *181 Aniline 2.5-45ppm 3 1
Nickel Carbonyl Ni(CO) 4 0.05ppm 20L Nickel Carbonyl 10-800ppm 1-4 2
Nitric Acide HNO 3 2ppm 15L Nitric Acid-Low Range 0.2-40ppm 1/2-10 3
Nitric Oxide NO 25ppm + 10 Nitric Oxide NO:2-200ppm 1-5 1 1
NO2:5-200ppm
11 Total Nitrogen 25-600ppm 1 2
Oxides (NO+NO 2)
Nitrogen Dioxide NO2 3ppm 9L Nitrogen Dioxide- 0.2-100ppm 1-8 2
Low Range
+ 10 Nitric Oxide NO2:5-200ppm 1 1-5 1
NO:2-200ppm
Nitrogen Oxides NO + NO 2 NO:25ppm + 10 Nitric Oxide NO:2-200ppm 1-5 1
NO2:3ppm NO2:5-200ppm 1
11 Total Nitrogen Oxides 25-600ppm 1 2
(NO+NO2)
Octane C8H18 300ppm 101 Gasoline 0.015-1.2% 1/2-2 3
Ozone O3 0.1ppm 16L Ozone-Low Range 0.05-3.0ppm 1-10 3

11-43
 Gas or Vapor Chemical TLV- 1) 2) 3) Measurable Pump 4) Shelf
TWA Tube Detector Tube Concentra- Strokes Life
to be measured Formula
ACGIH No. to be used tion Range taken (year)
Pentane CH3(CH2)CH3 600ppm 104 n-Butane 110-1660ppm 1 3
Perchloroethylene CCl2:CCl2 100ppm *133 Perchloroethylene 5-625ppm 1/2-7 1.5
(Tetrachloroethylene)
Phosgene COCI 2 0.1ppm * 16 Phosgene 0.1-90ppm 1/2-5 1
Phosphine PH3 0.3ppm 7J Phosphine-High 0.0005-0.1% 1/2-10 3
Range (5-1000ppm)
7 Phosphine 2.5-100ppm 1-4 3
7L Phosphine-Low 0.15-5ppm 5-10 2
Range
n-Propyl Acetate CH3COOC 3H7 200ppm 151 Acetone 0.06-0.9% 2 3
n-Propyl Alcohol C3H7OH 200ppm 112 Ethyl Alcohol 0.02-0.8% 2 2
(Ethanol)
Propylene C3H6 — 100A L.P. Gas 0.02-0.6% 1 3
(Propylene)
Propyleneimine C3H7N 2ppm 180 Amines 1-60ppm 1/2-2 3
Propylene Oxide C3H6O 20ppm 163 Ethylene Oxide 0.3-3.6% 1 3
Pyridine C5H5N 5ppm 182 Pyridine 0.4-35ppm 1/2-2 2
Styrene (Monostyrene) C6H5CHCH 2 50ppm 124 Styrene 10-1000ppm 1/2-2 2
124L Styrene-Low Range 2-100ppm 1-4 2
Sulfur Dioxide SO2 2ppm 5H Sulfur Dioxide-High 0.25-8.0% 1/2-2 3
Range
5M Sulfur Dioxide- 20-3600ppm 1/2-4 3
Middle Range
5L Sulfur Dioxide-Low 1.25-200ppm 1/2-4 3
Range
5La Sulfur Dioxide-Low 0.5-60ppm 1-8 3
Range
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro- Cl2CHCHCl 2 5ppm +131La Vinyl Chloride-Low 3-75ppm 4 1
ethane Range
Tetrahydrofuran C4H8O 200ppm 161 Ethyl Ether (Ether) 0.04-0.8% 2 3
161 Ethyl Ether (Ether) 100-2500ppm 5 3
Toluene C6H5CH3 100ppm 161 Ethyl Ether (Ether) 0.02-0.85% 1 3
122 Toluene 10-600ppm 1/2-2 1
o-Toluidine C6H4CH3NH2 5ppm *181 Aniline 2,5-35ppm 3 1
Trichloroethylene CHCI:CCI 2 100ppm *132H Trichloroethilene- 20-560ppm 1/2-2 1.5
High Range
*132L Trichloroethylene- 2-50ppm 1/2-1 1
Low Range
Triethylamine (C2H5)3N 10ppm 3M Ammonia-Middle 3.5-140ppm 2-4 3
Range
Trimethylamine (CH3)3N 3M Ammonia-Middle 2.5-100ppm 2-4 3
Range
Vinyl Acetate CH3COOCH 2CH 10ppm 141 Ethyl Acetate 0.01-1.0% 1 3
+143 Vinyl Acetate 5-250ppm 1-4 3
Vinyl Chloride CH2CHCI 5ppm 131 Vinyl Chloride 0.025-2.0% 1/2-2 3
+131La Vinyl Chloride-Low 0.25-54ppm 1/2-4 1
Range
+131L Vinyl Chloride-Low 0.1-8.8ppm 2-7 1
Range
Vinyliden Chloride CH2:CCl2 10ppm +131La Vinyl Chloride-Low 0.3-30ppm 1/2-2 1
Range
Water Vapor H2O 6 Water Vapor 0.5-32mg/l 1/2-2 3
6L Water Vapor-Low 0.1-2.0mg/l 1/2-1 3
Range
Xylene C6H4(CH3)2 100ppm 123 Xylene 10-500ppm 1/2-2 3

11-44
 TITLE
SULPHIDE ION TEST KIT FOR MUD FILTRATE

A. Purpose and Scope:

This specification describes a test kit which contains all of the
supplies, equipment, and instructions necessary to test filtrate from
drilling mud for the presence of soluble sulfide ions. The presence of
sulfide ions in drilling mud is generally indicative of the presence of
hydrogen sulfide.
The test procedure described here in will determine the approximate
concentration of sulfide ions in parts per million (ppm ) by weight.
B. Kit Contents (Baroid Part Number 642)
1. Distilled Water 4 oz. plastic bottle
2. Solution A (Buffer) Baroid Part #640-01
2 oz. plastic dropper top squeeze bottle w/cap
3. Solution B (Indicator) Baroid Part #640-02
2 oz. plastic dropper top squeeze bottle w\cap
*4. Solution C.1 Test Solution 0.000125N Iodine
1 drop equals 0.1 ppm Baroid Part #640-05
*5. Solution C1 Test Solution 0.00125N Iodine
1 drop equals 1.0 ppm Baroid part #640-06
*6. Solution C10 Test Solution 0.0125N Iodine
1 drop equals 10 ppm Baroid Part #640-07
*7. Solution C100 Test Solution 0.125N Iodine
1 drop equals 100 ppm Baroid Part #640-08
*Parts 4, 5, 6, and 7 in 2 oz. bottles with individual droppers.
8. 1 ml Pipette, clear plastic Baroid Part #959-01
9. 10 ml Graduated Cylinder, clear plastic Baroid Part #931-03
10. Polyethylene Titration Dish Baroid Part #937-01
11. Polyethylene Stirring Rod Baroid Part #964-01
12. Copy of this specification H-251225.
13. Cardboard box as required for packaging of kit. Box must be clearly
labeled, "Sulfide Ion Test Kit for Mud Filtrate, H-251225 Baroid Part
No. 642”.
Items 1 through 12 to be packaged neatly into Item 13 so that they
may be conveniently removed, used, and returned to Item 13.
PREPARED CHECKED DESIGN REL/STD DATE FILE CODE SHT OF REV

GHP GHP ALC-A 1 3 H 251225

SWS–1547.C SCHLUMBERGER WELL SERVICES, A DIVISION OF SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
HOUSTON,TEXAS

11-45
 TITLE
SULPHIDE ION TEST KIT FOR MUD FILTRATE

C. Instructions for Use

1. Obtain a sample (2 to 5 ml) of mud filtrate from the drilling mud to be
tested. The color of the filtrate has no effect on the test.
2. Dilute the filtrate sample as follows:
Note: This step must be done accurately to obtain correct results.
a. Using a 1 ml pipette, put 1 ml of the mud filtrate into a
polyethylene titration dish.
b. Add 10 ml of distilled water.
3. Add 10 drops of Solution A (Buffer) . Stir with a polyethylene stirring
rod after each addition.
4. Add 20 drops of Solution B (Indicator) while stirring after each
addition.
5. The test procedure consists of adding Test Solution C one drop at a
time while stirring until a permanent dark blue color develops. The
ppm sulfide concentration is determined by the amount of Test
Solution C required to produce the dark blue color. Four bottles of
Test Solution C are provided, each with a different concentration of
test solution.
One drop of C.1 equals 0.1 ppm sulfide.
One drop of C1 equals 1.0 ppm sulfide.
One drop of C10 equals 10 ppm sulfide.
One drop of C100 equals 100 ppm sulfide.
6. Proceed as follows:
a. Add one drop of C.1 while stirring. If the filtrate turns dark blue,
the sulfide ion concentration is equal to or less than 0.1 ppm.
Consider it as zero.
b. If no permanent blue color develops, sulfide ions are present. To
determine the ppm concentration, add Solution C one drop at a
time while counting the drops and stirring until the permanent
blue color develops. Use the four concentrations of Solution C in
the following sequence until the end point is reached:

PREPARED CHECKED DESIGN REL/STD DATE FILE CODE SHT OF REV

GHP GHP ALC-A 2 3 H 251225

SWS–1547.C SCHLUMBERGER WELL SERVICES, A DIVISION OF SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
HOUSTON, TEXAS

11-46
 TITLE
SULPHIDE ION TEST KIT FOR MUD FILTRATE

C. Instructions for Use (Continued)

6. (Continued )
b. (Continued)

Additional Drops PPM Range PPM

Solution (Maximum) Measured Increment

C.1 9 0.2 to 1.0 0.1

C1 9 2.0 to 10 1.0
C10 9 20 to 100 10
C100 9 200 to 1000 100

The sulfide ion concentration is the sum of the ppm equivalent of

the drops of Solution C used as follows:
PPM sulfide ion = .1 x Drops C.1 + 1 x Drops C1 + 10 x Drops C10 +
100 x Drops C100
7. Make note of the sulfide ion concentration.
8. Wash and dry the titration dish and pipette. Store the equipment
and supplies back in the box.
D. Interpretation of Results
Refer to the ALC-A Manual, Chapter 12.

PREPARED CHECKED DESIGN REL/STD DATE FILE CODE SHT OF REV

GHP GHP ALC-A 3 3 H 251225

SWS–1547.C SCHLUMBERGER WELL SERVICES, A DIVISION OF SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
HOUSTON, TEXAS

11-47
 TITLE
ION SULPHIDE DETECTION KIT

A. Purpose and Scope:

This specification describes a test kit which contains all of the supplies,
equipment and instructions necessary to test steel armor wire (and
other steel objects) for the presence of iron sulfide, which can be
indicative of exposure to hydrogen sulfide.
B. Kit Contents (Baroid Part Number 643)
1. Iron Sulfide Detecting Solution Baroid Part #636-51
(in 2 oz. bottle with dropper)
2. Polyethylene Titration Dish Baroid Part #937-01
3. Surflo s-32 Baroid Part #S-32
(in 2 oz. dropper top squeeze bottle)
4. Copy of this specification H-251226.
5. Cardboard box as required for packaging of kit. Box must be
clearly labeled:
“Iron Sulfide Detection Kit H-251226 Baroid Part No. 643”.
Items 1, 2, 3, and 4 to be packaged neatly into Item 5 so that they
may be conveniently removed, used, and returned to Item 5.
C. Instructions for Use
NOTE: Do not wipe or brush the sample, or use any cleaning method
which could remove surface deposits from the steel.

Procedure:
1. Take a 6“ length of armor, cut it into 1/2" lengths and place it in a
polyethylene titration dish.
2. Drop several drops of Iron Sulfide Detecting Solution on the armor.
Foaming will occur if the zinc coating is still present on the armor
wire.
3. If a bright yellow precipitate (arsenic sulfide) is formed, iron sulfide
is present on the armor.
NOTE: Some of the iron in the sample may be dissolved by the
Detecting Solution producing a yellow-green solution. This
should not be mistaken for the yellow Precipitate formed by the
sulfide.
PREPARED CHECKED DESIGN REL/STD DATE FILE CODE SHT OF REV

GHP GHP ALC-A H 251226

SWS–1547.C SCHLUMBERGER WELL SERVICES, A DIVISION OF SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
HOUSTON, TEXAS

11-48
 TITLE
ION SULPHIDE DETECTION KIT

C. Instructions for Use (Continued)

4. If the sample is so oil wet that the detecting solution cannot
penetrate it, add a few drops of SURFLO-S32 to water wet the
sample. If the sample is paraffin coated, heat may have to be
applied to obtain a test.
5. Wash and dry the titration dish. Store the articles back in the box.
D. Interpretation of Test Results
The presence of iron sulfide on the surface of the armor wire can
confirm that the cable has been exposed to hydrogen sulfide and
therefore is likely to have suffered H2S damage. The absence of
detectable iron sulfide on the surface is not proof, however, that the
cable was not exposed to H2S.

PREPARED CHECKED DESIGN REL/STD DATE FILE CODE SHT OF REV

GHP GHP ALC-A H 251226

SWS–1547.C SCHLUMBERGER WELL SERVICES, A DIVISION OF SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
HOUSTON, TEXAS

11-49
 NAFISCO
National Fire-Safety Equipment Co.
C.R 2876 Branch 2892
Post Office Box 1656
Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
Téléphone: 86.44686
Cable: NAFISCO.
————— ——
BREATHING APPARATUS
SHOP SERVICE PRICE LIST
Minimum Billing - 50 SR
Date Repair Inspection - 50 SR

ROUTINE MAINTENANCE SERVICES PARTS LABOUR

General Inspection - 50 SR
Refill Low Pressure (2216 PSI) - 50 SR
High Pressure (4500 PSI) - 55 SR
Hydrotest - 65 SR
Paint Cylinder - 120 SR
Flow Test Demand Regulator - 120 SR
Pressure-Demand Regulator - 160 SR

MODIFICATION SERVICES
Conversion-Demand to Pressure-Demand 810 SR 265 SR
NIOSH-Recommended Modification 145 SR 160 SR

CYLINDER SERVICES
Replace Valve Seals (800154 Valve) 35 SR 120 SR
Overhaul Valve (800154 Valve) 35 SR* 120 SR*
Replace Valve (800154 Valve) 455 SR 60 SR

REGULATOR SERVICES
Replace Regulator Seals 25 SR 60 SR
Overhaul Regulator (w/Flow Test) Demand Regulator 245 SR* 325 SR*
Pressure-Demand Regulator 245 SR* 410 SR*
Overhaul Pak-Alarm 110 SR* 100 SR*

MASK ASSEMBLY SERVICES

Replace Exhalation Valve 475 SR 100 SR
Replace Low Pressure Tube 40 SR 45 SR
Replace Lense 35 SR 15 SR
Replace Head Harness 25 SR 15 SR
Replace Mask 935 SR

* This is a minimum charge, any additional parts and labour will be charged as an
additional cost.

Providing Users, Doing Installation, And Service By Authorized, Factory Trained Technicians For Your Fire Safety Needs

11-50
 AIR PAK IIA

Spares for support of 25 AIRPAKS P/N 900014-00 to be used

only by trained personnel.

FACEPIECE P/N 801500-07

8141-00 Clamp, Hose 4 Required

10124-00 Bag, Protective 2 Required
10158-05 Balanced Exhalation Valve 2 Required
13870-00 Valve, Exhalation 4 Required
28955-01 Breathing Hose 2 Required
31077-00 Head Harness 4 Required
36137-00 Clamp, Comp Ex Valve 2 Required
801677-00 Lens w/5 Clips 4 Required
802936-01 Coupling Assembly 2 Required

REGULATOR P/N 800212-04

2827-50 Gasket, Demand Valve 4 Required

6212-60 Probe Coupling Nut 1 Required
13848-00 Probe Snap Ring 1 Required
19798-00 Probe “O” Ring 4 Required
33324-013 Screw, Top Cover 8 Required
33324-028 Screw, Back Cover 8 Required
33460-037 Lock Washer Back & Front Cover 12 Required
57264-00 Seal, Hand Disconnect 10 Required
57402-00 Seal, Gauge 2 Required
58388-00 Screw, Demand Valve 4 Required
800008-00 Pak-Alarm 2 Required
800012-00 Valve, Mainline 3 Required
800016-00 Valve, By-Pass 3 Required
800017-00 Gauge 2 Required
800036-00 Demand Valve 2 Required
800103-00 Hose, High Pressure 2 Required

EXPORT REPRESENTATIVE: Engineering Equipment Company

1515 W. 22nd Street, Oak Brook, Illinois 60521, U.S.A.
Tel: (312) 325-9400/TELEX/TWX: 910-651-3062/CABLES: PANMAKINA

11-51
REGULATOR P/N 800212-04 (continued)

802125-00 Seal Kit 3 Required

802923-01 Diaphragm 3 Required
802935-01 Probe, Reg Outlet 1 Required
10000113 Screw, Hand Disconnect 2 Required
10000229 Mainline Knob 1 Required
10001615 By-Pass Knob 1 Required

CYLINDER AND VALVE ASSEMBLY P/N 800010-10

18071-00 Back-Up Ring, Gauge 4 Required

26953-00 Seal Kit 4 Required
26954-00 Relief Valve Kit 4 Required
36711-00 “O” Ring, Gauge 4 Required
36749-01 Screw, Bumper 4 Required
6750-01 Gauge Lens 4 Required
36751-01 Gauge Lens Spring 4 Required
802158-00 Gauge 3 Required

BACKPLATE AND HARNESS P/N 800020-04

28973-02 Harness Webbing Kit w/Buckles 1 Required

800020-04 Back Plate & Harness 1 Required

EXPORT REPRESENTATIVE: Engineering Equipment Company

1515 W. 22nd Street, Oak Brook, Illinois 60521, U.S.A.
Tel: (312) 325-9400/TELEX/TWX: 910-651-3062/CABLES: PANMAKINA

11-52
Harness and Backplate Assembly

11-53
TOOLS REQUIRED BY PERSONNEL TRAINED BY MANUFACTURER TO
FOLLOW OWNERS SERVICE MANUAL

1. GO-NO-GO TESTER (P/N 90022-00) SCOTT AVIATION (FOR FLOW

TESTING)

2. 5/8” NO. 3 TAPPIT WRENCH

3. 3/64” ALLEN WRENCH

4. 3/32” DRIFT PIN (PUNCH)

5. ADJUSTABLE WRENCH - 1" MAX. OPENING

6. NUT DRIVER 7/16”

7. # 1 PHILLIPS HEAD SCREWDRIVER

8. SMALL STRAIGHT BLADE SCREWDRIVER

9. SMALL HAMMER

10. 1/4” WIDE TEFLON TAPE (PERMACEL, NEW BRUNSWICK N.J.)

11. KRYTOX OR FLUROLUBE GREASE (DUPONT)

11-54
CAUTION

SCOTT AIR PAK II A - MODIFICATION

Modification to prevent damage to respirator diaphragms caused by

incorrect operating practice.

The modification replaces the regulator outlet located on the

regulator. The new connector has holes drilled in the side of the
connector to prevent a complete cut off of air flow should a hand be
placed over the outlet connector. It was found that the practice of
covering the connector to prevent air escape while operating the
control valve produced a pressure surge which could be sufficient to
damage the diaphragm.

In case this modification has not been performed a kit must be

ordered from the International Supplier -refer to master order sheets
in this manual.

11-55
 REFER TO H2S MANUAL (CHAPTER 6) FOR DETAILS OF CHECK FOR
COMPLETENESS, CYLINDER PRESSURE, CONDITION CHECK,
SCBA MAINTENANCE CONTROL CLEANLINESS, OPERATIONAL CHECK, PACKING, RITE TAG
SELF CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS FOR USE ON H2S WELLS INDICATE CHECK COMPLETED WITH X

DATE OF YEAR................ YEAR................ YEAR................

CYLINDER LAST 5Yr

SERIAL NO. COMMISSION HYD.TEST 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

11-56

SCOTT
PRESUR-PAK ® IIa
...with
ALUMINUM CYLINDER
...provides positive breathing
safety in toxic atmospheres
APPLICATION
The Scott Presur-Pak IIa provides an extra
margin of safety for men who must enter
atmospheres immediately hostile to life.
Although designed for use in areas
immediately dangerous to life or health, use
with adequate skin protection when worn in
atmospheres containing gases or vapors
that poison by skin absorption.
Unlike Air-Pak®lla which provides air on
demand only, Presur-Pak IIa, with selector
switch in up (on) position, provides air on
demand and maintains a positive,
comfortable, gentle pressure within the
facepiece well above that of the outside
atmosphere. This positive pressure is
maintained by the exhalation valve under all
breathing conditions and totally excludes
toxic external atmospheres from the
facepiece for the duration of the air supply.
WARNING
IMPROPER USE OF THIS APPARATUS IN
A HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE MAY
RESULT IN INJURY OR DEATH.
PERSONNEL SHOULD RECEIVE
ADEQUATE TRAINING PRIOR TO USE.
DESCRIPTION
The Presur-Pak provides pure breathing air,
precisely regulated to need (demand) from a
cylinder carried comfortably in a back-pak. It
also provides a built-in Pak-Alarm® which
rings and vibrates to warn of diminishing air
supply;
Where safety starts
PRESSURE-DEMAND
SELF-CONTAINED AIR
BREATHING APPARATUS
P/N 900014430 (BACK-PAK
STYLE)*
hand-operated, quick-action cylinder
replacement connection; handy to use control
knobs and gauge; and wide vision
Scottoramic®facepiece.
The Presur-Pak cylinder, when fully charged,
contains 45 cu. ft. of breathing air at 2216 psi
and is rated at 30-minute duration. The
aluminum cylinder is 10% stronger than steel
with a cylinder life expectancy of 100,000
filling cycles. The cylinder is even shatter-
proof under gunfire, and because it is
aluminum, there is no internal rust or loose
scale. An improved urethane finish on the
exterior surface resists chemical or abrasive
attack. Because of the flat bottom, the
cylinder stands by itself, making Presur-Pak
IIa easier to store, fill, service and don. The
aluminum cylinder is interchangeable with the
Air-Pak II and Presur-Pak II 30- minute
duration steel cylinders.
APPROVALS
MSHA/NIOSH Approval No. TC-13F-40 and
U.S. Coast Guard Approval No.
160.011/39/1.
Page 5
11-57
SCOTT PRESUR-PAK IIa
SPECIFICATIONS BACK-PAK STYLE

AlR SUPPLY
Rated Duration at moderate exertion 30 min.
(MESA/NIOSH test procedure)*

Cylinder Capacity at 2216 psi 45 CU. ft.

USE FACTORS
Weight, as worn, fully charged 32 lbs.
(approx.)
Donning Speed (trained personnel) under 30 secs.

Facepiece (Scottoramic w/nose cup) Wide vision, anti-fogging

Cylinder and Valve connection Straight thread, gasket seal
Cylinder Change Hand disconnect, no tools req'd

Harness Webbing (replaceable without Polypropylene

tools or rivets)
Transport and Storage Custom Molded High Density
Polyethylene Case

SHIPPING WEIGHT 48 lbs.

NOTES: * POSITIVE PRESSURE

Available Models of Scott Presur-Pak IIa

PART NO.

900014-00 PRESUR-PAK IIa with 5 strap head harness and Case, P/N 802162-00

900014-01 PRESUR-PAK IIa with 5 strap head harness less case

ACCESSORIES
Scott Presur-Pak Ila is a basic item of safety equipment. Neck Strap 800375-00 Suspends facepiece from neck during
The following accessories increase its capabilities and versatility: standby periods outside of toxic
atmospheres.
NAME PART NO. DESCRIPTION Prescription 801651-00 Mounts prescription lens to inside of
Clip-on 606006 Clip-on transistorized battery-operated Lens Holder Scottoramic facepiece.
®
Speak-ezee Series amplifier/speaker incorporating both Auxiliary 6578-01 Permits recharge of cylinder by user
audio and wire transmission capabilities; Charging while cylinder is on his back, from
300-foot audio range. Device installed air line on bank of high pressure
cylinders.
Speak-Ezee II 606006 Provides voice communication among Clear Lens 10003619 Protects Scottoramic facepiece from
Series men wearing Scottoramic facepieces in Cover scratches, spatter, paint spray, etc.
noisy, dangerous or separated areas.
Nose cup 801432-00 Eliminates moisture accumulation on
Air-Pak 802100-01 Provides means of mounting full face lens of Scottoramic facepiece
Mount Kit Case, P/N 802162-00, to wall. in low temperature.

DISTRIBUTED BY: EXPORT DEPARTMENT

ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT COMPANY
1515 WEST 22ND STREET HEALTH/SAFETY
OAK BROOK, ILLINOIS 60521 U.S.A. PRODUCTS
TELEPHONE: (312) 325-9400
CABLE PANMAKINA
TELEX/TWX 910-651-3062
H/S 5210F 5/79 SCOTT AVIATION, A Division of A-T-O Inc., LANCASTER, N.Y. 14086 Printed in USA

11-58
 HEALTH/SAFETY SCOTT PRESUR-PAK ® Ila
PRODUCTS PRESSURE-DEMAND
900014 SERIES
(30 minute duration)
OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS

WARNING
IMPROPER USE OF THIS APPARATUS IN A HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE MAY RESULT IN
INJURY OR DEATH. PERSONNEL SHOULD RECEIVE ADEQUATE TRAINING PRIOR TO USE.
The Scott Presur-Pak Ila, positive pressure, self-
contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) is designed to
provide maximum respiratory protection in
objectionable or toxic atmospheres, regardless of
concentration(*), or oxygen deficiency, with a
NIOSH/MSHA rated duration of 30 minutes when
properly DONNED, USED, AND MAINTAINED BY
TRAINED PERSONNEL. The regulator is equipped
with an audible Pak-Alarm® which will warn the user of
diminishing air supply. The Pak-Alarm will activate
when approximately 20-25% of the air supply remains.
YOU MUST EGRESS IMMEDIATELY TO THE
NEAREST SAFE, RESPIRABLE AREA WHEN THE
PAK-ALARM RINGS. The apparatus is certified by
NIOSH/MSHA for use in temperatures to -25°F with
the installation of a Scott Nosecup Assembly, P/N
801432-00, in the facepiece. The nosecup assembly
is required for use in temperatures at or below
freezing or whenever lens fogging may occur.
* WARNING
IN ADDITION TO THIS APPARATUS, ADDITIONAL
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND/OR SPECIAL
EQUIPMENT SHALL BE PROVIDED, AS
REQUIRED, FOR COMPLETE PROTECTION TO
THE USER AND APPARATUS. (CERTAIN GASES
POISON THROUGH THE UNBROKEN SKIN, SUCH
AS HYDROGEN CYANIDE, OR ARE EXTREMELY
IRRITATING TO THE SKIN, SUCH AS AMMONIA.)
EVERY APPLICATION SHALL BE THOROUGHLY
EVALUATED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL, PRIOR
TO ENTRY OR USE OF THE APPARATUS.
SERVICE LIFE (Duration of air)
This apparatus is certified by NIOSH/MSHA to
provide a “30 minute” duration of air, based on actual
machine testing simulating men performing a variety
of moderate-to-heavy work tasks.
The user should not expect to obtain exactly 30
minutes duration from this apparatus during each use.
The work being performed may be more or less
strenuous than the work-rates used in the
NIOSH/MSHA tests. The duration may be shorter,
possibly as short as 15 minutes, where the
individual’s work is more strenuous than the
NIOSH/MSHA tests.
The duration of the apparatus will depend on such
factors as:
1. the degree of physical activity of the user;
2. the physical condition of the user;
3. the degree of training or experience which the user
has had with this or similar equipment;
4. the degree to which the user’s breathing is affected
by excitement, fear, or other emotional factors;
5. whether or not the cylinder is fully charged at the
start of the work period;
6. the possible presence, in the compressed air, of
carbon dioxide concentrations greater than .04%
normally found in atmospheric air;
7. the condition of the apparatus;
8. the atmospheric pressure; Example: when used in a
Pressurized tunnel or caisson at 2 atmospheres (15
psi gauge) the rated duration will be one-half as
long (15 minutes) as when used at 1 atmosphere;
and at 3 atmospheres will be one-third as long (10
minutes).

11-59
REGULAR OPERATIONAL INSPECTION
The following procedure shall be used for incoming and daily
inspection of the apparatus. An apparatus not routinely used,
but kept for emergency use, shall be inspected at least
monthly. All apparatus shall be inspected after each use.
1. Visually inspect the complete apparatus for worn or aging
rubber parts and damaged components.
2. Check the latest cylinder hydrostatic test date to ensure it
is current (within 5 years).
3. Visually inspect cylinder for large dents or gouges in
metal. Cylinders which show exposure to high heat or
flame, such as paint turned brown or black, decals
charred or missing, gauge lens melted or elastomeric
bumper distorted, shall be removed from service.
4. Check cylinder pressure gauge for “FULL” indication. If
cylinder pressure is less than “FULL”, replace with a fully
charged cylinder.
5. Check to ensure regulator hose coupling is hand
tightened to the cylinder valve outlet.
NOTE
Wrenches shall not be used, as damage to the coupling
gasket may result.
6. Close regulator BY-PASS valve (red knob) by turning
clockwise.
7. Close regulator MAIN-LINE valve (yellow knob) by
depressing lock-tab and turning valve knob clockwise.
8. Check to ensure regulator cover is tight and not lifted. If
cover is loose or lifted, remove regulator from service, tag
and have repaired by authorized personnel.
9. Unthread breathing hose from regulator.
10. Verify diaphragm integrity as follows:
a. Place mouth over regulator outlet probe and gently
inhale on regulator outlet. This negative pressure
shall be maintained with no leakage (flow) through
the regulator.
b. Gently blow into regulator outlet. This positive
pressure shall be maintained with no leakage (flow)
through the regulator.
WARNING
IF LEAKAGE IS PRESENT, RECHECK BY-PASS AND
MAIN-LINE VALVES TO BE SURE THEY ARE FULLY
CLOSED AND RETEST PER STEPS 10a AND 10b. IF
LEAKAGE IS STILL PRESENT, REMOVE APPARATUS
FROM SERVICE, TAG, AND HAVE REPAIRED BY
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL.
11. Open regulator MAIN-LINE valve (yellow knob), by
turning full counterclockwise, A clicking sound shall be
audible, indicating the lock-tab is functioning.
12. Open cylinder valve knob a minimum of 1-1/2 turns. The
Pak-Alarm shall ring momentarily. The regulator gauge
shall indicate “FULL”. Check for leakage at cylinder
valve, regulator and all connections.
13. Properly don facepiece and place palm over end of quick
connect coupling, Inhale slightly. A negative pressure
(suction) shall be created, pulling the facepiece toward
the face. Hold for 5-10 seconds. If leakage is noted,
remove facepiece from service and return for repair by
authorized personnel.
14. Place breathing tube quick connect coupling close to
palm of hand and exhale. If any airflows from breathing
tube, remove facepiece from service and return for repair
by authorized personnel.
15. Connect breathing tube coupling to regulator outlet
securely. Inhale. Air should be delivered with very slight
effort.
16. Place selector lever in “ON” position. A slight increase in
facepiece pressure shall be noted (positive pressure).
Inhale several times. Place control lever in “OFF”
position. Disconnect breathing tube and remove
facepiece.
17. Push in and rotate the cylinder valve knob clockwise to
close valve.
18. Release residual air pressure by slowly placing selector
lever in “ON” position. Pak-Alarm shall ring momentarily.
After pressure is released (no flow), place lever in “’OFF”
position.
WARNING
IF THE PAK-ALARM DOES NOT RING, REMOVE
APPARATUS FROM SERVICE, TAG, AND RETURN
FOR REPAIR BY AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL.
CAUTION
IF ANY DISCREPANCIES ARE FOUND USING THESE
PROCEDURES, THE APPARATUS SHALL BE
REMOVED FROM SERVICE, TAGGED, AND
REPAIRED BY AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL.
MAKE SURE BY-PASS IS FULLY CLOSED AND MAIN-
LINE IS FULLY OPENED.
DONNING AND NORMAL OPERATION
WARNING
ALL PERSONNEL USING THIS APPARATUS SHALL
BE THOROUGHLY TRAINED BY QUALIFIED
PERSONNEL IN DONNING, OPERATION AND
EMERGENCY OPERATION.
1. Open carrying case and check cylinder gauge for “FULL”
indication. Replace cylinder assembly if required.
2. Remove facepiece and breathing tube assembly; place
next to case, exercising care not to scratch lens.
3. Check to ensure all strap assemblies, side and waist, are
fully extended and waist belt buckle assembly is not
connected.
4. Stand at cylinder end of carrying case (right end), lean
for-ward, grasp both edges of the backplate just above
waist belt area, and lift from case.
5. Swing the apparatus straight up and over the head,
keeping elbows close to body, Rest apparatus on your
back while still slightly bent over. The shoulder straps
will slide along arms and fall into place on shoulders.
(Make sure elbows are through shoulder and side strap
loops). Connect the chest buckle; then while
straightening up, pull down on the side straps to adjust
harness to fit body (see figures
1 thru 3).
Figure 1 Figure 2
6. Connect and adjust waist belt assembly (see figure 4).
7. Place selector lever in “OFF” position.
8. Check to ensure BY-PASS valve is fully closed (full
clockwise) and MAIN-LINE valve is fully open (full
counterclockwise).
11-60

Figure 3 Figure 4
WARNING
OBSTRUCTION OF THE REGULATOR OUTLET
WITH THE BY-PASS TURNED ON AND FLOWING
MAY CAUSE REGULATOR OR DIAPHRAGM
DAMAGE.
9. Open the cylinder valve k nob a minimum of 1-1/2
turns. Pak-Alarm shall ring momentarily. Check
regulator gauge for “FULL” indication, and don
®
Scottoramic facepiece as follows (see figures 5 thru
8).
Figure 5 Figure 6
Figure 7 Figure 8
WARNING
RESPIRATORS SHOULD NOT BE WORN WHEN
CONDlTIONS, SUCH AS A GROWTH OF BEARD,
SIDE-BURNS, A SKULL CAP THAT PROJECTS
UNDER THE FACEPIECE, OR TEMPLE PIECES ON
GLASSES, PREVENT A GOOD FACE SEAL.
a. Adjust all headstraps to a full outward position.
b. Hold the head harness out of the way w ith one
hand or back over the lens.
c. Place the facepiece on the face with chin properly
located in the chin pocket.
d. Pull the head harness over the head and tighten
neck straps and temple straps by pulling on the
appropriate tabs.
e. STROKE the head harness down toward the neck,
using one or both hands.
f. Retighten neck straps and then temple straps.
g. In most cases, the top head strap will be tight in the
full out position. Tighten only if necessary.
h. Close off breathing tube quick connect coupling
with your hand and slowly inhale. No leakage shall
be noted and the facepiece shall be drawn toward
the face.
NOTE
Refer to Scott Instruction Sheet, P/N 89027-00,
supplied with each Scottoramic facepiece, for donning
and maintenance procedures.
10. Connect breathing tube connection to the regulator
outlet coupling. Tighten securely.
11. Place selector lever in the “ON” position. THERE
SHALL BE NO AUDIBLE FLOW OF AIR FROM THE
REGULATOR OR FLOW OF AIR THROUGH THE
FACEPIECE. ANY FLOW INDICATES LEAKAGE--DO
NOT PROCEED INTO CONTAMINATED AREA.
CHECK FACEPIECE SEAL. IF LEAKAGE IS STILL
PRESENT, REMOVE APPARATUS AND HAVE
CHECKED AND REPAIRED BY AUTHORIZED
PERSONNEL. THE “OFF” POSITION OF THE
SELECTOR LEVER SHALL ONLY BE USED FOR
DONNING AND DOFFING OF THE APPARATUS.
12. Check the regulator pressure gauge) during use, for
remaining air supply to allow sufficient time for egress
from the contaminated area.
WARNING
IMMEDIATELY EGRESS FROM. THE
CONTAMINATED AREA WHEN THE PAK-ALARM
STARTS TO RING. IT WARNS THE USER WHEN
APPROXIMATELY 20-25% OF THE AIR SUPPLY
REMAINS IN THE CYLINDER. IN HIGH NOISE
AREAS OR WHERE MORE THAN ONE
APPARATUS IS BEING USED, TOUCH THE
REGULATOR WITH YOUR HAND TO FEEL THE
VIBRATION OF THE PAK-ALARM.
13. After egress and when in a SAFE, RESPIRABLE
AREA, place selector lever in “OFF” position, uncouple
the breathing tube quick connect coupling from the
regulator outlet, remove facepiece, push in and rotate
cylinder valve knob clockwise to close valve.
14. Bleed residual system pressure from the s ystem by
slowly placing selector lever in “ON” position. After
pressure is released (no flow), place lever in “OFF”
position.
EMERGENCY OPERATION
Should the regulator become damaged or inoperative
during use, proceed as follows:
1. Open BY-PASS (red-knob) counterclockwise. Adjust
the flow of air to sufficiently supply the breathing
requirements of the user.
WARNING
EXCESSIVE BY-PASS FLOW WILL
SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCE THE SERVICE LIFE
(DURATION) OF THE APPARATUS.
11-61
2. Depress the lock-tab under the MAIN-L INE valve
(yellow knob) and turn fully closed (clockwise).
3. IMMEDIATELY egress from the area to a SAFE,
RESPIRABLE AREA.
WARNING
DO NOT OBSTRUCT THE OUTLET OF
REGULATOR WHILE IN THE BY-PASS MODE.
BY-PASS MODE SHALL BE USED
EMERGENCY OPERATION ONLY. DO NOT
FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
4. Tag and remove apparatus for repair by authorized
personnel.
CYLINDER REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE
1. Place regulator selector lever in the “OFF” position,
disconnect facepiece from regulator.
2. Push in and rotate the cylinder valve knob fully
clockwise to close the valve.
3. Bleed residual system pressure by slowly placing
selector lever in “ON” position. After pressure is
released (no flow), place lever in “OFF” position.
4. Rotate regulator hose coupling counterclockwise,
removing it from the cylinder valve outlet.
STAND-BY CLEANING AND STORAGE
NOTE: The following procedure, in addition to the
REGULAR OPERATIONAL INSPECTION, shall
be used after each use and for preparing the
apparatus for storage/stand-by.
THE
THE
1. Inspect the apparatus for worn or aging rubber parts or
FOR
damaged components.
USE
2. If in good condition, carefully wash facepiece assembly
with warm soap and water or mild detergent solution. A
soft brush may be used to scrub the rubber
components, DO NOT use on the lens.
3. Rinse the facepiece assembly including the exhalation
valve thoroughly. Flush water through the breathing
tube, letting it flow out through opening onto lens.
4. Disinfect the facepiece by submersion, using one of
the following solutions:
WARNING
DO NOT MIX THE SOLUTIONS, ONLY USE ONE.
a. 70% solution of ethyl, methyl or isopropyl alcohol

CAUTION OR
ATTEMPTING TO UNCOUPLE REGULATOR HOSE b. Hypochlorite solution, two tablespoons chlorine
COUPLING WHILE PRESSURIZED MAY RESULT IN bleach per gallon of water
DAMAGE TO, OR LOSS OF, COUPLING GASKET.
OR
5. Pull the cylinder clamping lever down while holding c. Aqueous solution of Iodine, one teaspoon of
cylinder to release the cylinder and valve assembly tincture of Iodine per gallon of water
from the backplate.
6. Lift the cylinder and valve assembly out of the
NOTE
backplate and replace with a fully charged cylinder and
Maximum cleaner and disinfectant temperature should
valve assembly. Start at the top of the backplate and
not exceed 120° F.
lower cylinder assembly until properly positioned.
7. Raise and push up cylinder clamping lever to secure
the cylinder and valve assembly in the backplate.
5. Rinse facepiece thoroughly and allow to completely
8. Reconnect regulator hand disconnect to the cylinder
air-dry.
valve.
6. Damp sponge dirt accumulation from the rest of the
apparatus.
NOTE
7. Follow REGULAR OPERATION AL INSPECTION
Wrenches shall not be used, as damage to coupling
PROCEDURE.
gasket may result.
8. Replace the apparatus in the carrying case, making
sure all components are thoroughly dry, the cylinder is
9. Open cylinder valve knob a minimum of 1-1/2 turns by
fully charged, the cylinder valve is fully closed, the BY-
rotating counterclockwise. No constant leakage shall
PASS valve is fully closed, the MAIN-LINE valve is
be noted. If leakage occurs, and cannot be stopped,
fully open and the control lever is in the “OFF” position.
the unit shall be removed from service, tagged, and
repaired by authorized personnel.
NOTE
10. The unit is now ready for use and may be returned to
If repair information is required, contact an Authorized
service.
Scott Distributor or Service Center.

89022-01 REV. G 8/79 SCOTT AVIATION, A Division of A-T-O Inc., LANCASTER, N.Y. 14086
Printed in USA

11-62
 USER PROCEDURE FOR TESTING REGULATOR DIAPHRAGM
IN SCOTT AIR-PAK ® II/lla, PRESUR-PAK ® II/lla, SLING-PAK ® II/lla
(Demand & Pressure-Demand) & AIR-PAK HOSELINE APPARATUS

TO INSURE CONTINUED PROPER USE AND FULL RESPIRATORY

PROTECTION, USE THIS PROCEDURE INCLUDING PROPER
MAINTENANCE AND TRAINING.

1. Remove breathing 2. Close cylinder valve 3. On cylinder valves

tube from regulator by pushing in and equipped with locking
outlet by unthreading rotating cylinder valve lever, release locking
breathing tube knob clockwise lever and rotate cylinder
coupling. valve knob clockwise

4. Place regulator 5. Close regulator BY- 6. Close regulator MAIN-

outlet to mouth and PASS valve (RED LINE valve (YELLOW
inhale to remove any KNOB) by turning fully KNOB) by depressing
trapped air pressure clockwise lock-tab and turning
valve knob fully
clockwise

11-63
 7. Check regulator 8. Place regulator 9. Gently exhale with
cover to ensure that outlet to mouth and mouth to regulator
the three (3) cover gently inhale. There outlet There shall be no
screws are present, shall be no flow flow (leakage) through
tight, and cover is (leakage) through the the regulator. A positive
properly positioned regulator. A negative pressure shall be
pressure shall be maintained for
NOTE: maintained for approximately 10
If cover screws are approximately 10 seconds. If flow
loose or cover is seconds. If flow (leakage) is noted.
dislodged or damaged, (leakage) is noted. REMOVE APPARA-
remove regulator from REMOVE APPARA- TUS FROM SERVICE,
service, tag, and have TUS FROM SERVICE, TAG AND HAVE
repaired by authorized TAG AND HAVE REPAIRED BY
personnel. REPAIRED BY AUTHORIZED PER-
AUTHORIZED PER- SONNEL.
SONNEL.

10. Regulator outlet shall be sanitized after testing by using an

alcohol solution.

11. If no flow (leakage) occurs, return regulator to stand-by position

by fully opening MAIN-LINE VALVE and following recommended
Operational Procedures enclosed with each apparatus. The unit
may then be placed back into service.

H/S 5320A 7/79 SCOTT AVIATION, A Division of A-T-O Inc., LANCASTER, N.Y. 14086 Printed in USA

11-64

Three cylinder cascade work unit for two hoseline Air-Paks.
HOSELINE AIR-PAK ®
CASCADE INSTALLATIONS
...provide an air supply for hoseline Air-Pak units
WARNING: IMPROPER USE OF THIS
APPARATUS IN A HAZARDOUS
ATMOSPHERE MAY RESULT IN
INJURY OR DEATH. PERSONNEL
SHOULD RECEIVE ADEQUATE
TRAINING PRIOR TO USE.
DESCRIPTION
The Scott Cascade Cylinder System is a source
of breathing air for hoseline Air-Pak equipment.
Pressure-regulated air is supplied through wire-
reinforced, cut-resistant high pressure hose
attached to one or more 300 cu. ft. compressed
air cylinders. Each cylinder will provide 3 to 5
hours of air for one man, dependent upon air
consumption rate. By using the appropriate
Scott hoseline manifold, up to six men can work
from a single air supply. Tee Block, P/N 6173-
00, can be located either at the pressure
reducing regulator or at the end of the air supply
hose to accommodate two hoseline units.
Where safety starts
COMPRESSED AIR SUPPLY
CASCADE SYSTEM —
ONE OR MORE CYLINDERS
(P/N’s as shown)
Dual air supply cylinder being used with 900007
series hoseline Air-Pak with Egress.
If more than two units are to be operated from
the same air supply, Manifold, P/N 6699-00,
may be used and equipped with two to five
outlets. The 801204 series Manifolds are
recommended if check valves are desired in the
inlet hose connections to the manifold, so that
either supply hose may be disconnected without
interrupting service to the Air-Pak users. Outlet
hose connections are similarly individually
equipped with flow control valves. These valves
automatically close and prevent excessive loss
of air if an outlet hose is disconnected from the
manifold while the system is in operation.
Air cylinders can be placed in the work area or
located up to several hundred feet away, using
longer lengths of air supply hose. A working
pressure of at least 350 to 450 psi in the inlet
hoseline is recommended for the average
installation.
Page 21
11-65
RECOMMENDED TYPICAL INSTALLATIONS SINGLE CYLINDER SYSTEM
This single cylinder system, composed of one 300 cu.
ft. supply cylinder, pressure reducing regulator, and
supply hose, offers a duration of 3 to 5 hours of
breathing air, dependent upon air consumption rate.
Pressure is reduced to 350 to 450 psi hoseline
pressure so that high pressure wire-reinforced hose
will remain flexible and easy to handle. Chart
illustrates parts required if additional cylinder is
desired. Union Assembly, P/N 6183-00, is used to
convert older cylinders to the new CGA No. 346
standard thread for compressed air.
PARTS REQUIRED
SINGLE CYLINDER SYSTEM FOR ADDITIONAL
Part No. No. Reg. Description CYLINDERS
800257-00 1 300 Cu. ft. Cyl. 1
800258-00 1 Regulator
6141-00 1 Hose ASsy
800251-00 Check Valve 1
800250-00 Manifold Tee 1

SINGLE SUPPLY HOSE SYSTEM

This single supply hose cascade system is shown with
three air supply cylinders and illustrates the necessary
hardware required to complete the system. Note that
Check Valve, P/N 800251-00, is installed to prevent
air from escaping when end cylinders are being
changed. Two to five men may be supplied from this
system by using Manifold, P/N 6699-00. If check
valves are desired, P/N 801205 series Manifold is
recommended. Union Assembly, P/N 6183-00, is used
to convert older cylinders to the new CGA No. 346
standard thread for compressed air.
PARTS REQUIRED
3 CYLINDER SYSTEM FOR ADDITIONAL
Part No. No. Reg. Description CYLINDERS
800257-00 3 300 Cu. ft. Cyl. 1
800250-00 1 Manifold Tee 1
800248-00 1 Coupling Assy
6173-00 1 Tee Block
800251-00 1 Check Valve
800258-00 1 Regulator
15319-00 A/R Hose ASsy
or 6141-00

DOUBLE SUPPLY HOSE SYSTEM

This double supply hose cascade cylinder bank is
used with the 801204 series Manifold. The system can
operate from the four center cylinders keeping end
cylinders, to which pressure reducing regulators are
attached, in reserve. This allows Air-Pak users to
operate from end cylinder without service interruption
while center cylinders are being charged. Union
Assembly, P/N 6183-00, is used to convert older
cylinders to the new CGA No. 346 standard thread for
compressed air.
DOUBLE SUPPLY HOSE
(6 CYLINDER) CASCADE SYSTEM
Part No. No. Reg. Description
800257-00 6 300 Cu. ft. Cyl.
800258-00 2 Regulator
6173-00 2 Tee Block
800251-00 2 Check Valve
800248-00 1 Coupling Assy
800250-00 4 Manifold Tee
15319-00 A/R Hose Assy
or 6141-00
801204 1 Manifold
*Specify number of outlets required. See Manifold
Data chart under 801204 series Manifold.

11-66
6699-00 MANIFOLD
ASSEMBLY
The manifold assembly is
recommended when three
or more men are to be
supplied from one air
source. The manifold
assembly may be supplied
with three to five outlets. For
example, if a manifold to
accommodate three
hoseline units is required, it
would be ordered as follows:
1–6699-00 Manifold Assy. (incl. inlet, nipple and nut)
3–6279-00 Connectors
2-18442-00 Pipe Plug - 1/4” NPT
If check valves are required, the 801204 and 801205
series Manifold Assemblies are recommended.

NOTE: For two outlets, use P/N 6173-00, Tee Block.

801204 AND 801205 SERIES MANIFOLD ASSEMBLIES

MANIFOLD DATA
(one Outlet Required For Each Air-Pak
User)
Model No. No. of Inlet No. of Outlet
Hose Connections Hose connections
801204-02 2 2
801204-03 2 3
801204-04 2 4
801204-05 2 5
801204-06 2 6
801205-02 1 3
801205-03 1 4
801205-04 1 5
801205-05 1 6
801205-06 1 7

Operate from center four (or more) cylinders. Keep Operate from two cylinders. Keep the cylinder to
cylinders to which the regulators are attached in which the regulator is attached in reserve.
reserve.

Operate from reserve cylinders while replacing Operate from reserve cylinder while replacing other
center cylinders. cylinders.

NOTE: Check valve will allow only a slight Ieakage NOTE: Check valve will allow only a slight Ieackage
from hose connection while changing from hose connection while changing
cylinders. cylinders.

Service to Air-Pak users is not interrupted. Service to Air-Pak users is not interrupted.

11-67

800251-00 CHECK VALVE
When two or more Cylinders,
P/N 800257-00, are connected
in series, this check valve is
recommended to prevent air
from escaping when end
cylinders are being charged.
6173-00 TEE BLOCK
When two or more Cylinders,
P/N 800257-00, are connected
in series, this tee block is
attached to the first cylinder to
accommodate the Pressure
Reducing Regulator, P/N
800258-00, and the Check
Valve, P/N 800251-00.
6198-00 ADAPTER ASSEMBLY
This adapter is used to adapt older
cascade systems to cylinders having
the new CGA No. 346 standard thread
for compressed air.
6183-00 UNION ASSEMBLY
This union is used to adapt older
supply cylinders to new systems
having the CGA No. 346 standard
thread for compressed air.
DISTRIBUTED BY:
H/S 5098G 11/77 SCOTT AVIATION, A Division of A-T-O Inc., LANCASTER, N.Y. 14086
PARTS AND ASSEMBLIES
HIGH PRESSURE HOSE
This high pressure 5/8 inch O.D. wire-
reinforced hose will withstand
pressures up to 5000 psi. Has a
neoprene core with two layers of steel
wire covering to prevent cutting.
15319-00-25 ft. neoprene-covered,
complete with couplings.
6141-00-50 ft. neoprene-covered,
complete with couplings.
800257-00 CYLINDER
The Air Supply Cylinder, P/N
800257-00, contains 300 cu.
ft. when charged to 2400 psi
at 70°F. Each cylinder
provides 3 to 5 man hours of
operation. Can be connected
in series for greater supply of
air as shown herein.
800250-00 FLEXIBLE
MANIFOLD TEE ASSEMBLY
When more than two 220 or 300
cu. ft. cylinders are connected
in series, this assembly is used
to connect the third, fourth, fifth,
etc., to the first two cylinders in
the bank.
800258-00 Uses High Pressure Outlet
800258-01 Uses Hansen Outlet
800258-02 Uses Schrader Outlet
600258 SERIES PRESSURE REDUCING REGULATOR
This single stage pressure reducing regulator has a 6-man
capacity. Complete with low pressure gauge (hoseline) and
high pressure gauge for checking air supply (cylinders). Low
pressure range 0-600 psi and high pressure 0-4000 psi. Has
CGA No. 346 standard thread for compressed air. This
regulator reduces high pressure in the cylinder to 450 psi
hose-line pressure, enabling the high pressure wire-
reinforced hose to remain flexible and easy to handle.
DUST CAPS
The Dust Cap Assembly, P/N 15678-00, and the Plug
Assembly, P/N 15434-00, equipped with a chain for attaching
to an extension hose, provide a means of closing off the ends
of the hoses for storage.
HEALTH/SAFETY
PRODUCTS
Printed In USA
11-68
parat® from Dräger.
The small, efficient escape filter
apparatus for every incident...

DRÄGER has completed the parat parat® 3 – half mask with

Protection against programme and now offers exhalation valve
all hazardous gases immediate short-term respiratory parat® 4 – mouthpiece fitting
protection for every requirement. In with exhalation valve
(except CO) and addition to the well-known pocket
against all solid or escape filter apparatus against
gases:
liquid particulate parat® 1 – half mask
®
matter parat 2 – mouthpiece fitting,
we now have the following
models with new combined
plug-in filters:

11-69
parat® from Dräger.
So that every worker can be protected and quickly
brought to safety when something goes wrong
parat® 1 and
parat® 2 –
Pocket escape filter
apparatus against
gases

Immediate readiness for use:

rip pack open, put on apparatus,
breathe
High filter capacity
Low breathing resistance
Can be stored for 4 years when
unused and sealed in the plastic
box
Low purchase price, no operating
costs, no maintenance
Can be reused, thanks to replace-
able plug-in filters (gas filters of
category B, special impregnation),
which give good protection against
a large number of gases.
Like all filter apparatus, parat® 1
and 2 are dependent on the
surrounding atmosphere, i. e. the
oxygen concentration must be at
least 17 vol.%. The duration of
protection depends on the nature
and concentration of the
contaminant present. Further
details are given in special print AT
3.
No protection against carbon
monoxide.

parat ® 1 construction
The breathing connection is a half
mask, the elastic neoprene sealing
frame of which surrounds the mouth
and nose, permitting natural breathing.
The mask is held against the face by a
simple head strap.

Parat ® 2 construction
The breathing connection is a mouth-
piece fitting (rubber mouthpiece with
bit and nose clip. After a little practice,
this gives the best seal and the
apparatus is smaller.

11-70
parat® 3 and
parat® 4 –
Escape filter apparatus
against gases and
particulate matter
Duration of protection, readiness
for use, limits of use and reusability
as for parat® 1 and 2. Shelf life 3, 4
or 5 years depending upon the filter
chosen.
The decisive difference:
More extensive protection. The
plug-in filters available are special
combined filters with a gas filter
component (code letter A against
organic gases and vapours, B, for
example against acid gases, E
against sulphur dioxide or K
against ammonia – ace. DIN 3181)
and a particulate matter filter
component (protection level 2b
against hazardous particulate
matter).
No protection against carbon
monoxide.
To keep the breathing resistances
low and because the moist expired
air in some instances lowers the
filter capacity, the parat® 3 and 4,
in contrast to the parat® 1 and 2,
are equipped with an exhalation
valve, through which the greater
part of the expired air passes
directly into the atmosphere.

parat ® 3 construction
Half mask with head strap, but with
exhalation valve.

parat ® 4 construction
Breathing connection is a mouthpiece
®
fitting as in the parat 2, but with
exhalation valve.

11-71
parat® from DRÄGER Technical Data
The complete, small
Weight: parat®1 app. 250 g
escape filter programme
parat®2 app. 240 g
for carrying constantly parat®3 app. 350 g
on the person parat®4 app. 340 g
parat® sets cannot be dispensed with
in any laboratory or workplace where,
despite all safety precautions, the
sudden occurrence of gaseous
hazards and/or of solid or liquid
particulate matter has to be reckoned Order List
with.

Escape filter apparatus parat ®1 (packed), consisting of:

Half mask body with strap, including gas filter B 824 R 27446
Escape filter apparatus parat ®2 (packed), consisting of:
Filter holder with mouthpiece, nose clip, including gas filter B 824 R 27621
Escape filter apparatus parat®3/4 (packed), consisting of:
Half mask body with exhalation valve and strap, with gas and
particulate matter filter A 824 St R 50162
Escape filter apparatus parat ®3/B, as above, but with filter B 824 St R 28483
Escape filter apparatus parat ®3/E, as above, but with filter E 824 St R 50214
Escape filter apparatus parat ®3/K, as above, but with filter K 824 St R 50215
Escape filter apparatus parat ®4/A (packed), consisting of:
Filter holder with mouthpiece, exhalation valve and nose clip,
with gas and particulate matter filter A 824 St R 50163
Escape filter apparatus parat ®4/6, as above, but with filter B 824 St R 50219
Escape filter apparatus parat ®4/E, as above, but with filter E 824 St R 50220
Escape filter apparatus parat ®4/K, as above, but with filter K 824 St R 50221
Spare filters
Plug-in filter B 824 6723699
Information Pack of 5 gas and particulate matter filters A 824 St 6726956
Where the limits of use of parat® Pack of 5 gas and particulate matter filters B 824 St 6726731
apparatus are exceeded, DRÄGER Pack of 5 gas and particulate matter filters E 824 St 6726957
Oxygen Self Rescuers, e. g. the Pack of 5 gas and particulate matter filters K 824 St 6726958
Oxy®SR 30 or the respiratory Accessories:
Carrying strap, complete, for parat ®1 and 2 R 28175
protection and escape apparatus Oxy
Carrying clip for parat ®4 R 50156
15 offer extensive protection. Please
ask for Prospectus 1163 e »Oxy®-SR
30« and 1164 e »Oxy 15«.
Subject to modifications

DRÄGERWERK AG LÜBECK
Federal Republic of Germany

Postfach 1339 . Moislinger Allee 53/55 . D-2400 Lübeck 1

Telephone (0451) 81021 . Telex 028807

Engel-Druck 2079/78 - 90 40 456

Prospectus 1483.0 e 4th Edition March 1978 Printed in the Federal Republic of
Germany

11-72
 DIRECTION FOR USE Design and Operations
Resusci Anne Airway patency
Torso and full body manikin
When head is in a neutral position, the
soft airway tube in the throat, will kink
preventing air from entering the lungs.
- Head Tilt
To obtain an open airway, tilt the
mamikin’s head sufficiently backwards.
This opens the airway and allows air to
pass into the lungs
-Jaw Displacement
Improved airway patency is obtained
when the lower jaw is pushed forward
and upward with a correct grip that also
tilts the head backward. This maneuver
can be practised on the manikin.
Ventilation
Ventilation can be performed through
mouth or nose. Close manikin’s nose
while blowing through mouth, and vice
versa.
If you cannot inflate lungs using correct
technique, suspect obstruction - caused
by erroneous assembly of airway parts.
The soft airway tube from the mouth
should be pushed completely down
over the rigid tube in the neck to meet
its ridge. Check this connection by
looking under the
neck portion of the
Face Skin:
1. Disengage nipple on tubing for
Carotid Pulse Simulator.
2. Disconnect head from shoulders by
rotating head 180º (face turned
backward) and pull it away from
torso.
3. Loosen elastic bands which keep
the skin together at the back of the
neck.
11-73

— Inspiration
Air is directed to the lung (a) through the
Intake Tube (b) and the Non-Re-breathing
Valve (c). Lung inflation causes chest to
rise. When lung inflation volume reaches
0.8 litre, elevation of the chest releases
the ventilation slider (d) inside the chest.
This movement activates the green signal
light. The light remains on as long as the
lung contains more than 0.8 litre of air.
— Expiration
Chest elasticity and weight will cause lung
deflation when inspiratory pressure is
released. The green light goes off when
air volume in the lungs falls below 0.8 litre.
The expired air returns to the Non-Re-
breathing Valve and is then directed out
through a port in the manikin’s right side
via the Exhaust Tube (e).
4. Slip Foam Ring off the base of the
neck and remove the screws from the
curved securing piece which fastens
skin to the rigid base of the neck.
5. Lift neck skin until connection of soft
airway from mouth and rigid windpipe
comes into view.
Chest Compression
When the sternum area of the chest is
depressed at least 1½” (about 4 cm), the
compression slider (f) inside the chest
activates the yellow signal light.
— Over-compression
If compression exceeds the recommended
2“ maximum for adults, the yellow light
goes off. The light will come on again as
soon as compression is released. This
quick on-off-on light reaction during over-
compression is seen by the human eye as
a twinkle. During correct chest
compression, this twinkle should not
occur.
— Incorrect hand position
Sensors (g) are located under the switch
cover mounted on the underside of the
chest cover. If chest is compressed with
hands placed correctly on the lower half of
the sternum, the red warning light will not
come on.
The red light will be activated if the chest
is depressed with hands placed outside
the correct area.
Diagnostic features
— Pulse simulator
External cardiac compression is
necessary only when the patient’s heart
has stopped. The most reliable way to
determine cardiac arrest is to feel for a
pulse in the carotid arteries.
The absence of a pulse indicates cardiac
arrest. Palpable pulse in the carotid
arteries on either side of the Adam-s
Apple can be
simulated when the pink bulb is squeezed
rhythmically. The instructor should keep
the bulb out of the trainee’s sight while
this is being practiced.
— Pupil size interpretation
When spontaneous breathing and blood
circulation stop, the brain is no longer
provided with oxygen. The modest oxygen
reserve in the brain will usually be
exhausted within 4 - 6 minutes, after
which irreversible brain damage may
occur, resulting in biological death.
Normally, the pupils will dilate shortly after
the oxygen transport to the brain has
ceased. However. effective CPR will
provide enough oxygen to the brain,
preventing biological death. The pupils
will then constrict normally.
Each eyelid of the manikin can be
retracted. One pupil is constricted, the
other dilated.
11-74
 SHIP TO :
(address only if different from shipping instruction Book) DATE
SUPPLIER
PAGE of MATERIALS ORDER No: SHIP VIA

ITEM PROJECT SWS/EPS UNIT FOR SUPPLIER’S USE ONLY

OF
PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION CUSTOM QUANTITY MEAS
SERIAL
STOCK
BACK
NUMBER ORDER
1 04540-002 ISA-44 Hazardous gas monitor alarm including $2180 ea 1
2 dual visual alarms, meter, grill horn, NEMA 12
3 enclosure for 12V.
4
5 Alarm to be set to 10 ppm H2S.
6 03429-000 Calibration kit for above. 10 ppm H2S $ 120 ea 1
7 03033-812 Sensor explosion proof double cup l/2” made threads, $ 90 ea 2
8 66012-000 164 feet cable (3 years life in clean air). $ 1.15/ft 1
9
10 04546-003 Sensor shield assembly $ 24.64 ea 2
11
12
13
14
15
REMARKS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS (TO SUPPLIER ONLY):
REQUESTED BY: ________________________
ENMET CORPORATION
2308 s. Industrial highway CONTROLLED BY: _______________________
ann arbor, Michigan 48104 DIVISION APPROVAL: _____________________
Tel. 313 761-1270
Telex : 23-0501 ________________________________________

11-75
 SHIP TO :
(address only if different from shipping instruction Book) DATE
SUPPLIER
PAGE of MATERIALS ORDER No: SHIP VIA
xxxxxxxxx
SWS/EPS xxxxxxxxx
CUSTOM UNIT FOR SUPPLIER’S USE ONLY
ITEM PROJECT
DESCRIPTION PRICE QUANTITY OF SERIAL
STOCK
BACK
PART NUMBER MEAS NUMBER ORDER
1 530141 COMPUR MONITOX 4100 for H2S 10 ppm (one each) ≅ $ 550 1
2
3 539100 COMPUR MONITOX 5301 H2S generator 1
4
5 5900 103 Replaceable batteries 2 x 2.7 volts Varta Pertrix
6 14PX (2000 hr life) 1
7
8 5800 141 Sensor cell (life 6 months order when required) 1
9
10 5820 100 Gas generator cell for H2S
11 5810 141 Gas detector filter caps (box of 10 for H2S sensor)
12 Operating documentation 1
13 Maintenance Manual 1
14 Spare parts catalogue 1
15
REMARKS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS (TO SUPPLIER ONLY):
Compur-Electronic GmbH REQUESTED BY: ________________________
Steinerstrasse 15
8000 Munchen 70 Tel: (089) 7293-1 CONTROLLED BY: _______________________
W.Germany Telex: 0523388 COMPE D DIVISION APPROVAL: _____________________
________________________________________

11-76
OVERSEAS AGENCIES - COMPUR ELECTRONICS

FRANCE : ETS RECOMAT S.A.

11, RUE DU RENARD

F-92250 LA GARENNE COLOMBES

TX : 612211 (MME THIERY)

USA : MDA SCIENTIFIC INC.

1815, ELMDALE AVE.

GLENVIEW ILLINOIS 60025

TX: 7263399 (MR BROUWERS).

11-77
 Revised:
SHIP TO :
(address only if different from shipping instruction Book)
DATE
SUPPLIER
PAGE of MATERIALS ORDER No. SHIP VIA

ITEM PROJECT SWS/EPS UNIT FOR SUPPLIER’S USE ONLY

OF
PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION CUSTOM QUANTITY MEAS
SERIAL
STOCK
BACK
NUMBER ORDER
1 CH 304 Multigas detector comprising : $ 340 1
2 67 26065 . Bellows Pump MGD Model 31 $ 250
3 CH 6728 . Protective Bag for MGD $6
4 CH 15474 . Carrying Box for MGD $ 55
5
6
7 67 26 124 Stroke Counter (optional) $ 40 1
8 67 19 001 Box of 10 tubes H2S 1-200 ppm RECOMMENDED $ 23 1
9 CH 31701 Sulphur Dioxide I/A RECOMMENDED $ 23 1
10 CH 29101 Box of 10 tubes H2S 100-200 ppm $ 23 1
11 CH 28101 Box of 10 tubes H2S 0.2 - 7 vol % $ 37 1
12
13 CH 20601 Box of 10 tubes CO 10-3,000 ppm Carbon Monoxide 10/b $ 11 1
14 CH 25401 Box of 10 tubes Hydrocarbons 2-23 mg/l $ 23 1
15 CH 30801 Box of 10 tubes C02 0.01-0.3% by vol Carbon Dioxide 0.01%/a $ 24 1
REMARKS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS (TO SUPPLIER ONLY):
REQUESTED BY: __________________________________
DRÄGERWERK AF, LUBECK, P.O. BOX 1339 MOSLINGER ALLEE
CONTROLLED BY: _________________________________
53/55 D 2400 LUBECK 1,
W. GERMANY TEL. (415) 881 UNIT APPROVAL (FOR ITEMS IN EQUIPMENT PLAN):
TELEX 26807 __________________________________________________

11-78
OVERSEAS AGENCIES :- DRAEGER

DRAEGERWERK AG :

FRANCE : DRAEGER BRAND

BP 212 R 5

F-67100 STRASBOURG/MEINAU
TX : 890556 (MR. NITSCHMANN)

USA : NORTH AMERICAN DRAEGER

POST BOX 121

TELFORD, PA 18969
TX : 510 66161148

OR

NATIONAL DRAEGER INC.

POST BOX 120

PITTSBURG, PA 15230
TX : 86 - 6704

11-79
 SHIP TO :
(address only if different from shipping instruction Book) DATE
SUPPLIER
SHIP VIA
PAGE of MATERIALS ORDER No:
ITEM PROJECT SWS/EPS UNIT FOR SUPPLIER’S USE ONLY
OF
PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION CUSTOM QUANTITY MEAS
SERIAL
STOCK
BACK
NUMBER ORDER
1 MODEL 400 GASTEC PRECISION GAS DETECTOR SYSTEM supplied 1
2 complete with zippered case.
3
4 Optional Equipment :
5 4 LL Box of 10 Detector Tubes Hydrogen Sulphide
6 0.5-60 ppm 4 LL 1
7 5L Box of 10 Detector Tubes Sulphur Dioxide
8 1.25-200 ppm 5 L 1
9
10 Orders can be placed by telex or letter but
11 will only be shipped after reception of payment
12 in Japanese Yen. ASA EQT have offered to assist
13 in making this prepayment.
14
15
REMARKS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS (TO SUPPLIER ONLY):
REQUESTED BY: ________________________
GASTEC CORP BELZA EBISU BLDG 4F
3-16-1 HIGASHI SHIBUYA-KU CONTROLLED BY: _______________________
TOKYO 150 JAPAN; TEL. 3-499-4498 DIVISION APPROVAL: _____________________
TELEX : 29143
________________________________________

11-80
Overseas Agencies:

VALLEN CORPORATION
13333 Northwest Freeway,
P.O. BOX 3587,
Houston, Texas 77001.

Telephone (713) 462-8700, Telex 790417

BENDIX ENVIRONMENTAL & PROCESS INSTRUMENTS DIVISION

Lewisburg Plant, Drawer 831, Lewisburg,
West Virginia 24901.

Telephone (304) 647-4358, TWX: 710-938-1501

11-81
 Revised:
SHIP TO :
(address only if different from shipping instruction Book)
DATE
SUPPLIER
PAGE of MATERIALS ORDER No. SHIP VIA

ITEM PROJECT SWS/EPS

xxxxxxxxx UNIT FOR SUPPLIER’S USE ONLY
OF
PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION CUSTOM QUANTITY MEAS
SERIAL
STOCK
BACK
NUMBER ORDER
1 900014-00 Scott Presur Pak II a, with case $ 1000 1
2
3 801651-00 Prescription Lens Assembly (optional)
4 27451-01 Modification kit for old models (optional $ 16.50
5 special order item only not need for new equipment)
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
REMARKS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS (TO SUPPLIER ONLY):
REQUESTED BY: __________________________________
Export Department
CONTROLLED BY: _________________________________
Engineering Equipment Co.
1515 West 22nd Street UNIT APPROVAL (FOR ITEMS IN EQUIPMENT PLAN):
Oak Brook, Illinois 60521 USA - Telex:TWX- 910-651-3062 __________________________________________________
Tel: (312)325-9400 - CABLE: PANMAKINA

11-82
 Revised:
SHIP TO :
(address only if different from shipping instruction Book)
DATE
SUPPLIER
PAGE of MATERIALS ORDER No. SHIP VIA

ITEM PROJECT SWS/EPS UNIT FOR SUPPLIER’S USE ONLY

OF
PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION CUSTOM QUANTITY MEAS
SERIAL
STOCK
BACK
NUMBER ORDER
1 30010-200 200‘ SECTION OF HOSE WITH HANSER FITTINGS 112.00 3
2 6434 H SKA-PAK BAG 5.80 3
3 900055-13 SKA PAK WITH HANSER DISCONNECT 408.00 3
4 1 CASCADE SYSTEM. 4 BOTTLES 1200 cuft TOTAL CONSISTING OF :
5 800257-00 300 cuft 298.60 4
6 6173 TEE BLOCK 32.65 1
7 800248-00 FLEXIBLE COUPLING ASSEMBLY 50.75 1
8 800250-00 FLEXIBLE MANIFOLD TEE ASSEMBLY 71.80 2
9 800251-00 CHECK VALVE 49.15 1
10 800258-01 PRESSURE REDWING REGULATOR 116.65 1
11 26390-03 MANIFOLD ASSEMBLY 3 OUTLET 62.00 1
12 30010-025 SUPPLY HOSE ASSEMBLY 25 ft 42.55 1
13 CAUTION
14 THIS EQUIPMENT IS “CASCADE” ONLY
15 AND NOT STANDARD ORDER - SEE SCOTT AIRPAK
REMARKS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS (TO SUPPLIER ONLY):

Export Department REQUESTED BY: __________________________________

Engineering Equipment Co. CONTROLLED BY: _________________________________
1515 West 22nd Street UNIT APPROVAL (FOR ITEMS IN EQUIPMENT PLAN):
Oak Brook, Illinois 60521 USA
__________________________________________________
Tele: (312)325-9400 - Cable: PANMAKINA - Telex:TWS: 910-651-3062

11-83
 Revised:
SHIP TO :
(address only if different from shipping instruction Book)
DATE
SUPPLIER
PAGE of MATERIALS ORDER No. SHIP VIA

ITEM PROJECT SWS/EPS UNIT FOR SUPPLIER’S USE ONLY

OF
PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION CUSTOM QUANTITY MEAS
SERIAL
STOCK
BACK
NUMBER ORDER
1 R 27621 DRAGER PARAT II PACKED CONSISTING OF :- $ 15
2 FILTER HOLDER WITH MOUTH PIECE, NOSE CLIP, INCLUDING 1
3 GAS FILTER B 824
4
5 R 28175 CARRYING STRAP, COMPLETE FOR PARAT II $ 1.80 1
6
7 6723699 SPARE FILTERS B 824 FOR H2S $5 1
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
REMARKS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS (TO SUPPLIER ONLY):
REQUESTED BY: __________________________________
DRÄGERWERK AG, MOSLINGER ALLEE 53/55
CONTROLLED BY: _________________________________
D-2400 LUBECK 1
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY TEL 0451 882-1 UNIT APPROVAL (FOR ITEMS IN EQUIPMENT PLAN):
TELEX 026807 __________________________________________________

11-84
 Revised:
SHIP TO :
(address only if different from shipping instruction Book)
DATE
SUPPLIER
PAGE of MATERIALS ORDER No. SHIP VIA

ITEM PROJECT SWS/EPS UNIT FOR SUPPLIER’S USE ONLY

OF
PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION CUSTOM QUANTITY MEAS
SERIAL
STOCK
BACK
NUMBER ORDER
1 FOR FIRST AID TRAINING
2 RESUSCI ANNE TORSO COMPLETE CAT. 150002
3 PRICE KRONERS NOK 2648 EACH About $ 500
4 WEIGHT 56 KG
5
6 PAYMENT : LETTER OF CREDIT OR CHEQUE IN ADVANCE
7 DELIVERY : 2 - 3 WEEKS
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
REMARKS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS (TO SUPPLIER ONLY):
REQUESTED BY: __________________________________
A.S. LAERDAL TELEX 33164 ANNE NORWAY
CONTROLLED BY: _________________________________
STAVANGER, NORWAY
UNIT APPROVAL (FOR ITEMS IN EQUIPMENT PLAN):
__________________________________________________

11-85
12. LECTURE SLIDES

12-1
BASIC COURSE NOTES

THIS IS AN OUTLINE OF THE RED HIGHLIGHTED CHAPTERS OF THIS MANUAL.

CURRICULUM - INTRODUCTION - SCHLUMBERGER POLICY AND

SAFETY RULES - TRAINING COURSES

- DETECTION EQUIPMENT - RESPIRATORS -SIGNS -

EMERGENCY RESCUE - FIRST AID -CERTIFICATION
(SEE CHAPTER 4 TRAINING)

INTRODUCTION - POISONOUS GAS, MAX CONC. 10 PPM,

OCCURANCE DURING SAMPLING JOBS,
PROPERTIES. TOXIC, COLORLESS, ODOR,
EXPLOSIVE, BURNS, HEAVIER THAN AIR
(CELLARS !) KEY POINTS CROSSWIND, HIGHER
POINT, STACKING, LOW AREAS, EFFECTS USE OF
NOSE, SULPHUR DIOXIDE, POSITION OF FLARE.

POLICY - RULES POLICY - COVER FULLY RULES - AS IN RED - CHECK

WITH CLIENT, 10 PPM LIMIT, ENGINEER
DISCRETION, SPOT SAFETY MEETING, NUMBER OF
SCBA, ESCAPE MASKS, ESCAPE VEHICLE,
TRAINING, FAMILIARITY WITH SCBA CONTACT
LENSES, STOPPING OF WORK, OPERATIONS
REQUIRING WEARING OF SCBA.

TRAINING TEST, CERTIFICATION - CARD AND LETTER.

DETECTION EQUIPMENT TYPES: ENMET, MONITOX, DRAEGER, BENDIX

GASTEC INSTALLATION AT WELLSITE, OPERATION,
ALARM LEVELS, PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION
HANDS ON FOR ALL ATTENDANTS.

RESPIRATORS SCBA - FEATURES, DURATION, NORMAL WEARING,

USE OF CONTROLS, EMERGENCY USE, REMOVAL,
PACKING IMPORTANCE AND RESPONSIBILITY,
ESCAPE MASK. PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION,
HANDS ON FOR ALL ATTENDANTS.

SIGNS FAMILIARITY, USE, LANGUAGE

EMERGENCY RESCUE KEY ACTIONS

FIRST AID DO YOU KNOW, INHALATION, EYES, SKIN,

RECOVERY POSITION, BREATHING + EXTERNAL
HEART COMPRESSION (CPR) PRACTICAL HANDS
ON CPR TRAINING AND DEMONSTRATED ABILITY

12-2
SOUR GAS or
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE or
SULPHURETTED HYDROGEN

12-3
12-4
PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE POISONING

a. Headache

b. Dizziness

c. Excitement

d. Nausea or gastro-intestinal disturbances

e. Dryness and sensation of pain in nose, throat and chest

f. Paralysis of the pupils and or limbs

g. Coughing

h. Drowsiness .

i. Loss of sense of smell

12-5
 WARNING

DO NOT RELY ON YOUR NOSE

TO TELL YOU IF H2S IS

PRESENT

USE DETECTORS, WEAR BREATHING APPARATUS

12-6
 H2S CONCENTRATIONS

IN DEALING WITH H2S SEVERAL DIFFERENT UNITS MAY BE IN USE FOR

MEASURING ITS CONCENTRATION.

SCHLUMBERGER STANDARD

IN SCHLUMBERGER WE STANDARDISE ON PPM - PARTS PER MILLION FOR

CONCENTRATIONS IN GAS

OTHER UN ITS AND CONVERSIONS

0.65 GRAINS PER SCF (STANDARD CUBIC FOOT) = 10 PPM

0.001 MOL % = 10 PPM
15 MG/CU M. = 10 PPM

10 PPM IS A VERY SMALL CONCENTRATION , IT IS COMPARABLE TO

10 INCHES IN 16 MlLES
10 CM. IN 10 KILOMETERS
10 MINUTES IN 1.9 YEARS
10 LBS IN 500 TONS
10 CENTS IN $ 10,000
10 GALLONS IN 1,000,000 GALLONS

12-7
12-8
 THE WORK - NO-WORK DECISION
ON H2S WELLS

TYPE OF GAS ESCAPE ENCOUNTERED

UNCONTROLLED CONTROLLED
(Wellhead leaking) (disconnecting riser)

Less than WORK ALLOWED WORK NORMALLY

10 ppm AT DISCRETION OF ENGINEER
(refer CH 1, “stracking)

NO WORK ALLOWED WORK WITH SCBA

More than ESCAPE, CALL CLIENT
10 ppm WEAR SCBA, RETURN
COMPLETE RUN;

NOTE THE USE OF RUN RATHER THAN JOB

12-9
 EMERGENCY USE OF SCBA

OPEN THE CASE

TURN ON MASTER VALVE AT TOP OF BOTTLE

FLIP PRESSURE DEMAND ON

PUT ON MASK

SWING PRESSURE PAK OVER SHOULDER

ESCAPE

FIT PRESSURE PAK PROPERLY

RETURN TO WORK AREA FOR RESCUE ONLY

ENGINEER DISCRETION TO FINISH OR ABANDON RUN

12-10
TALKING OFF THE UNIT

PRESSURE DEMAND SWITCH OFF

LOOSEN FACE MASK STRAPS BY STROKING HAND FORWARD OVER

STRAPS.

REMOVE MASK BY LIFTING FROM CHIN FIRST

UNFASTEN WAIST STRAP

RELEASE TABS

UNFASTEN CHEST STRAP AND SWING UNIT OFF LEFT SHOULDER

PROTECT CROTCH

TURN OFF MASTER VALVE

BLEED OFF REGULATOR PRESSURE BY SLOWLY MOVING PRESSURE

DEMAND SWITCH TO “ON” POSITION. RETURN SWITCH TO “OFF”.

EXTEND ALL STRAPS

REFILL UNIT

STERILISE FACE MASK AND AIR DRY

REPACK

12-11
 EMERGENCY RESCUE

PROMPT ACTION REQUIRED

RESCUER TO WEAR PRESSURE DEMAND SCBA

REMOVE VICTIM TO CLEAR AREA - CROSSWIND OR ELEVATED.

APPLY ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION (AND EXTERNAL HEART MASSAGE

ONLY IF REQUIRED.

CALL FOR HELP.

OBSERVE PATIENT CONTINUOUSLY AFTER CONSCIOUSNESS

REGAINED.

FLUSH EYES WITH WATER FOR UP TO 15 MINUTES IF AFFECTED.

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