ENERGY SUMMIT

COUNTRIES THAT USE WAVE POWER SUCCESSFULLY

RENEWABLE ENERGY
Australia - MEDC (more economically developed country)
WAVE POWER Wave Swell Energy Ltd (WSE) company
Other countries: China, Denmark, Italy, Korea, Portugal, Spain, the
Energy that is produced by the movement United Kingdom and the U.S.
of waves. DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
It is an indirect form of wind energy that Environmentally-friendly High production and installation costs
causes movement in the water, on the source Complicated maintenance and repair
surface of the oceans. Motion of the waves Reliable logistics
is converted to mechanical energy and Less dependance on Potential threats to marine life
used to drive an electricity generator. fossil fuels Noise pollution (associated w/
No damage of land offshore and onshore structures.

Raw Materials: FUTURE OF WAVE POWER

Water (Wave movement)
Ocean power generation needs to grow by 33% a year to achieve a
Power turbines
net-zero world by 2050 (International Energy Agency, 2022)
Power pistons
As long as the sun shines, wave energy will never be depleted
Turn generators
Designers are looking into building mechanics that are more cost-
effective, lighter, more robust wave energy converter
The World Energy Council predicts that ocean energy could meet 10%
of global electricity demand.

ENERGY TRANSFORMATION PROCESS

1. Ocean waves create up and down motion

2. Up and down motion pulls on a cable below the water
3. Column of magnets moves up and down w/ the waves
inside the generator coils
4. An electronic current induced in the coils of wire as the
magnets move up
5. The electrical current from the previous steps are
King Island, Tasmania carried through cables under the sea floor to the shore

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE USE OF

WAVE POWER
LOCATION: area has to have a body of water that
creates somewhat consistent wave motions
PRICE: the machinery is made of mostly steel and
high technology devices
NOISE: they generate noise that sometimes the
waves can't cover up, this may disturb
communities SOURCES
FLORA AND FAUNA: having a machine like this https://www.nrel.gov/news/program/2022/future-of-wave-energy.html
could potentially disturb the natural state of the https://www.aplustopper.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-wave-
energy/#Advantages_of_Wave_Energy
ocean floors
https://www.imeche.org/policy-and-press/from-our-perspective/energy-
CONSTRUCTION: there will have to be a theme/renewable-energy/what-is-renewable-energy/marine-energy/wave-
disturbance in the natural ocean in order to install power/the-future
https://youtu.be/8miWW2QyN_4
the devices
 ENERGY SUMMIT
COUNTRIES THAT USE WAVE POWER SUCCESSFULLY
RENEWABLE ENERGY
China - MEDC (more economically developed country)
SOLAR POWER China Solar Energy Holdings Ltd.
Other countries: U.S., Japan, Germany, India, Italy, Australia, South
Energy that is produced by the light and Korea.
heat emitted from the sun.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
"When the sun shines onto a solar panel, Renewable source of energy High production and
energy from the sunlight is absorbed by Less electricity bills (lower installation costs
the PV cells in the panel. This energy costs) Weather dependent
creates electrical charges that move in Diverse uses and Takes up lots of space
response to an internal electrical field in the applications Associated w/ pollution
cell, causing electricity to flow." Low maintinance cost because of the materials

Raw Materials: ENERGY TRANSFORMATION PROCESS

Sun light & heat
Sand (for the panel)
1. Sunlight activates panels
Aluminium (for the panel)
2. Cells produce electrical current
Solar Irradiance
3. Electrical energy is converted
FUTURE OF SOLAR POWER 4. Converted electricity is stored

Solar energy could power about 14% of Solar Panel

transportation end uses by 2050 (Solar

Futures Study, 2022) Flow of Electrons
As long as the sun shines, solar energy will
never be depleted
Solar energy could provide 45% of the
electricity in the U.S. by 2050 if the energy
system is fully decarbonized
Power

China
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE USE OF
SOLAR POWER
PRICE: there is a high production price, and installation price
LOCATION: the shading and orientation of the panels have to be carefully
considered
SPACE: since the panels take up a lot of space in order to power a home or a
larger institution, the space has to me ample enough
LATITUDE: At higher latitudes, the angle of solar radiation is smaller,
causing energy to be spread over a larger area of the surface and cooler
temperatures.

SOURCES
https://www.ener
gy.gov/eere/solar/
how-does-solar-
work

https://www.seia.o
rg/initiatives/abou
t-solar-energy
 ENERGY SUMMIT
Raw Materials:
NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY Methane, ethane,
NATURAL GAS butane, and
propane.

Is formed when layers of organic matter (primarily marine

COUNTRIES THAT USE NATURAL GAS
microorganisms) decompose under anaerobic conditions
China - MEDC (more economically developed country)
and are subjected to intense heat and pressure
China National Petroleum Corporation
underground over millions of years.
Other countries: U.S., Russia, Iran.

ADVANTAGES ENERGY TRANSFORMATION PROCESS

Major global source 1. Prepare and plan roads: traffic plans and designated access roads to noise
Not dependent on barriers and safety procedures
weather conditions 2. Drilling: 100 feet below the deepest known aquifer. A steel casing is then
Can be accessed in many cemented in place so there is no risk of polluting precious water aquifers.
countries 3. Cementing & testing: a steel pipe is cemented into place and tests are done to
Matured technology ensure safety
4. Well completion: create holes that connect the rock holding the oil and natural
gas and the wellhead.
DISADVANTAGES
5. Fracking: unlock the oil and natural gas that has been trapped in the rock
GHG emissions & global warming 6. Production & Fracking Fluid Recycling: Oil and natural gas flows up from the
Not reliable source well bore and fracturing fluid is then recovered and recycled and used in other
Fracking fracking operations.
Ozone depletion 7. Well abandonment & land restoration: well is permanently plugged and the
Loss of biodiversity land is returned to the way it was before the drilling operations started

FUTURE OF NATURAL GAS

Natural gas demand is expected to decline in 2022 and remain
subdued up to 2025
The natural gas industry will last around 53 years
North America will continue to rely on gas for domestic use and
exports, although domestic demand will start to decline after 2035

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE

USE OF NATURAL GAS
Since natural gas is a non-
renewable resource, there will
eventually be less of it
available, this means that the
prices of natural gas will
increase
Soon, natural gas will only be
available for those with a
stable economic income
SOURCES
Weather conditions can https://www.cred.org/seven-steps-of-oil-and-natural-gas-
interfere the extraction extraction/
process https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/factors-
affecting-natural-gas-
Natural gas company
prices.php#:~:text=Economic%20growth%20can%20affect%2
competitors 0natural,may%20increase%20natural%20gas%20consumptio
n.
 ENERGY SUMMIT
NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY Raw Materials:
Uranium
NUCLEAR POWER
Plutonium
Carbon
Use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear Hydrogen
power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay
and nuclear fusion reactions.

COUNTRIES THAT USE NUCLEAR POWER

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES United States - MEDC (more economically developed

Carbon free electricity
Small land footprint
High power output
Reliable energy source
country)
Uranium is non-renewable Nuclear Fuel Services Inc.
High production costs, Other countries: U.S., China, Russia, France
upfront
Nuclear waste is produced
Mistakes and malfunctions
could lead to catastrophic
effects

FUTURE OF NATURAL GAS

IEA (International Energy Agency) has also said that current levels are not
on track to help reach global decarbonization targets, and that a
doubling in annual capacity will be needed if this goal is to be achieved
Future projects:

Finland’s Olkiluoto 3 nuclear reactor (OL3)

The Central Argentina de Elementos Modulares (CAREM)
Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) in Iran
Russia, BREST-OD-300 ( Rosatom’s 300MW )

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE ENERGY TRANSFORMATION PROCESS

USE OF NUCLEAR POWER

TIME: the time between the 1. Splitting of uranium atoms (fission)

construction of these plants and the 2. Fission generates heat to produce steam
actual application and use of the 3. Steam is used by a turbine generator to generate electricity
nuclear power
HEALTH: lung cancer risks for miners
and workers
PRICE: the initial cost are high
DIFFERENCE IN OPINIONS: countries
and individuals have a different
opinion about something that can
affect the environment and population
in a very dangerous way

SOURCES
https://www.energysage.com/about-clean-energy/nuclear-energy/pros-and-cons-nuclear-energy/
https://www.power-technology.com/features/nuclear-projects-future-olkiluoto-hinkley-point/