INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE

ASSIGNMENT

Tittle: TRANSPORTATION

CHOOSEN BUSINESS

Course: BUSINESS AND SOCIETY

Course Instructor: MA’AM ZARMEENA MALIK

Submitted by: IZZAT IJAZ

Submitted date: 19thDEC, 2022

Transportation Page 1
 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE

Transportation Page 2
 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE

Table of content:
Definitions of transportation:…………………………………………………………5

Example of transportation system:……………………………………………5

Types of transportation:………………………………………………………………..5

What are the 7 means of transport?.....................................................................6

How did people transport in the past?.................................................................6

How did people travel when there were no vehicles?........................................7

How has transportation charged from past to present?....................................7

Definition of road transportation:…………………………………………………….8

Advantages of road transport:………………………………………………....8

Disadvantages of road transport:……………………………………………...8

Cable car:………………………………………………………………………………….9

Advantages of Cable Cars:……………………………………………………...9

Disadvantages of Cable Cars:…………………………………………………..9

Public transportation:………………………………………………………………….10

Advantage of Public Transport :………………………………………………10

Disadvantages of Public Transport:…………………………………………10

Rail transport:…………………………………………………………………………..11

Advantages of Rail transport:…………………………………………………11

Disadvantages of Rail transport:……………………………………………...11

Transportation Page 3
 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE

Water transportation:…………………………………………………………………12

Ship transportation:…………………………………………………………...12

Advantages of shipping:………………………………………………..12

Disadvantages of shipping:…………………………………………….12

Submarine transportation:……………………………………………………13

Advantages of submarine:………………………………………………13

Disadvantages of submarine:…………………………………………..13

Air transportation:……………………………………………………………………...14

Advantages of Air Transport:………………………………………………….14

Disadvantages of Air Transport:………………………………………………14

Space transportation:…………………………………………………………………..15

Advantages of space transportation:…………………………………………15

Disadvantages of space transportation:……………………………………..15

What happens if there is no transport?...............................................................16

Impotance of transportation.................................................................................16

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….16

Transportation Page 4
 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE

 Definitions of transportation:
1) A facility consisting of the means and equipment necessary for the movement

of passengers or goods.

SYNONYMS: transit, transportation.

2) Transportation, the movement of goods and persons from place to place and

the various means by which such movement is accomplished.

 Example of transportation system:

 
Buses and cars, for example, take passengers to airports and ship docks.

Transportation systems are part of the larger technological, social, and environ-

mental systems in our world. When you travel in a car, bus, or train, you are using

a land transportation vehicle.

https://www.baschools.org

 Types of transportation:
1. Airways/airports.
2. Highways and bridges.
3. Railways.
4. Waterways.
5. Mass transit.

https://emilms.fema.gov/is_0559/groups/118.html

The different modes of transport are air, water, and land transport, which includes rails or

railways, road and off-road transport. Other modes also exist, including pipelines, cable

transport, and space transport.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_of_transport

Transportation Page 5
 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE

 What are the 7 means of transport?

Modes of transport include water, air, land (rail and road), cable, pipeline and space.

http://byjus.com>question-answer>what-do-you-under

 How did people transport in the past?

In ancient time, people crafted simple boats out of logs, walked, rode animals and, later

devised wheeled vehicles to move from place to place. They used existing waterways or

simple roads for transportation. Over time, people built more complex means of

transportation.

https://education.nationalgeographics.org/resource

Transportation Page 6
 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE

 How did people travel when there were no vehicles?

Whenever they had to go somewhere they walked on feet. They used animals to carry

their goods. It took a great deal to time. The invention of the wheel proved to be a boon

for the people.

https://www.topper.com

 How has transportation charged from past to present?

The way that we move around has changed a lot over time. There are more cars on the

road, and faster modes of transport that can travel longer distances quickly. Different

modes of transportation have arisen and improved over the years, changing the way

we move about.

https://www.twinkl.com/homework-help/geography-
homework-help/travel-and-transport-facts-for-kids/
how-has-travel-and-transport-changed-over-time

Transportation Page 7
 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE

 Definition of Road transportation:

Road transport means transportation of goods and personnel from one place to
the other on roads.
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/defination/road-
transport
 Advantages of Road transport:
 It is the most profitable. Road transport is the cheapest means of transport available. ...
 It is the fastest and most agile. ...
 Flexibility of schedules and volumes. ...
 Maximum traceability. ...
 Door-to-door service. ...
 Easy paperwork. ...
 Accident rate. ...
 Less load capacity…
https://www.noatumlogistics.com/road-transport-advantages-
disadvantages/

Transportation Page 8
 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
 Disadvantages of Road transport:
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE
 Long distances overland can take more time.
 There can be traffic delays and breakdowns.
 There is the risk of goods being damaged, especially over long distances.
 Toll charges are high in some countries.
 Some countries have different road and traffic regulations.

https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/advantages-and-
disadvantages-road-transport-international-trade

 Cable car:
A cable car can be referred to as a type of railway that is normally used for
mass transit. In this form of transport, a moving cable running a specific speed
hauls away a rail car. Individual cars stop and start by releasing the cable
as needed.
 Advantages of Cable Cars:

The main advantage of cable cars is their energy efficiency, which comes about
due to the centrally located power station. The ability to descend cars to transfer
power to ascending ones also plays a critical role. Another advantage is
that cable cars do not depend on adhesion between rails and wheels. Also, keeping
the car gripped to the cable limits downhill speed to that of the cable.

 Disadvantages of Cable Cars:

For manual cable car systems, the grip resembled that of a large pair
of pliers. A lot of strength had to be applied to operate the car. Skill
was also quite important because if the grip was not properly
Transportation Page 9
 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS
applied, AND damage
it could MANAGEMENT
the cable or entangle it, leading to a worse
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE
situation because the cable car might not be able to stop. Another
disadvantage is that due to the constant and quite low speed, the
car’s potential to cause damage can be under-estimated. Although some
cable cars travel at around 10 miles per hour, their weight, speed,
and strength can lead to massive damage upon collision.

https://harborenergysolutions.com/cable-car-is-not-
transportation/

 Public transportation:
A system of trains, buses, etc., that is paid for or run by the government.
https://www.merriam-webster .com/ dictionary/ public
%20transportation
 Advantages of Public transport:
 You can enjoy a less stressful journey by letting someone else do the driving.
 You don't have to worry about finding a parking space.
 It reduces congestion in towns and cities.
 Using public transport is cheaper than owning and operating a car.
https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/using-public-
transport
 Disadvantages of Public Transport:
 The fixed schedules that public transport follows may not mesh precisely with the
travel demands of some users.
 Privacy is compromised a great deal. Travelers are crowded and personal space may
not be available.

Transportation Page 10
 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE

 Rail transport:
Rail transport is also known as train transport. It is a means of transport, on
vehicles which run on tracks (rails or railroads).
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/ rail
%20transport
 Advantages of Rail transport:
 Rail transport can be cost effective. ...
 Shipping via train is more environmentally friendly. ...
 Trains are capable of hauling large loads. ...
 Railways are reliable. ...
 Rail freight can be efficient. ...
 Rail options provide you with access to capacity. …
https://www.partnership.com/blog/post/6-surprising-
advantages-of-rail-transport-over-road-transport
 Disadvantages of Rail transport:

Transportation Page 11
 INSTITUTE
Another OF BUSINESS
disadvantages ANDtransport
of railway MANAGEMENT
is its inflexibility. It routes and timings cannot
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE
be adjusted to individual requirements. Rail transport cannot provide door to door service as
it is tied to a particular track. Intermediate loading or unloading involves greater cost, more
wear and tear and wastage of time.
https://www.champlainrac.com/wp-content/
uploads/tl/preview/pdf/advantages_disadvantages_
railway.pdf

Transportation Page 12
 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE

 Water transportation:
Water transportation are of two types:

 Ship transportation
 submarine transportation
 Ship transportation:
Any movement of goods and/or passengers using seagoing vessels on voyages which
are undertaken wholly or partly at sea.

https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=4277
 Advantages of shipping goods by sea freight:
 You can ship large volumes at low costs - a freight forwarder can consolidate
consignments to reduce costs.
 Shipping containers can also be used for further transportation by road or rail.
 Disadvantages of shipping goods by sea freight:

 Shipping by sea can be slower than other transport modes and bad weather can add
further delays.
 Routes and timetables are usually inflexible.
 Tracking your goods' progress is difficult.
 You have to pay port duties and taxes.
https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/advantages-
and-disadvantages-sea-transport-international-
trade#:~:text=Advantages%20of%20shipping
%20goods%20by,transportation%20by%20road
%20or%20rail

Transportation Page 13
 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE

 Submarine transport:

A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It

differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine
 Advantages of submarine transport:
Submarines can attack surface fleets, submarines and merchant shipping
employing torpedoes, missiles or mines. If fitted with land attack missiles,
submarines can also attack land targets. Their effectiveness in operations is
enhanced by the difficulty in detecting and tracking them.
https://www.unsw.adfa.edu.au/newsroom/
news/ask-expert-why-are-submarines-so-
important
 Disadvantages of submarine transport:
Possessing the ability to dive means certain drawbacks. Submarines are
typically much slower than the average warship. Oftentimes, an opponent
incapable of sinking a submarine is able to simply flee.
https://warshipcraft.fandom.com/wiki/
Submarine

Transportation Page 14
 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE

 Air transportation:
Air transportation is the movement of passengers and freight by any conveyance

that can sustain controlled flight.

https://transportgeography.org/contents/
chapter5/air

 Advantages of Air Transport:

 High Speed. Air is the type of freight capable of traveling long distances in short
periods of time. ...
 Fast Service. ...
 Send almost everywhere your freight. ...
 High Standard of Security. ...
 Natural Route. ...
 There is less need for heavy packaging. …

https://navata.com/cms/advantages-of-air-transport/
 Disadvantages of Air Transport:
 Cost of operating airlines is very high and so freight cost is very high as compared to
sea transport.
 It is difficult to carry bulky, awkwardly shaped goods.
 Very risky in case of accident.

Transportation Page 15
 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
https://howtoexportimport.com/DISADVANTAGES-
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE
OF-AIR-TRANSPORTATION-4499.aspx

 Space transportation:
Transportation by means of vehicles designed to operate in free space outside the
earth's atmosphere. 

 Advantages:
 Improving health care. …
 Protecting our planet and our environment. ...
 Creating scientific and technical jobs. ...
 Improving our day-to-day lives. ...
 Enhancing safety on Earth. ...
 Making scientific discoveries. ...
 Sparking youth's interest in science. ...
 Cooperating with countries around the world. …

https://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/about/
everyday-benefits-of-space-exploration/

 Disadvantages:
 Radiation. ...
 Isolation and confinement. ...
 Distance from Earth. ...
 Gravity (or lack thereof) ...
Transportation Page 16
 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS
Hostile/closed AND MANAGEMENT
environments. ...
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE
 Human research essential to space exploration.
https://www.nasa.gov/hrp/5-hazards-of-
human-spaceflight

 What happens if there is no transport?

One month without tranportation would essentially paralyze our society. At this
point, our clean water supplies would be exhausted, leaving people desperate to
survive. Our production is so reliant on goods getting to where they need to be,
that it would be impossilbe to function without truck.

Impotance of transportation
 The principal role of transport is to provide or improve access to different locations
for individuals and businesses.
 Transport facilitates a wider range of social and economic interactions than would
otherwise be possible.
 Transport is an important sector of the economy in its own right.
https://www.transport.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/
Report/edt-Contribution-of-transport-to-economic-
development.pdf

Conclusion

Transportation Page 17
 INSTITUTE OF
The growth of Pakistan’s BUSINESS AND
transportation MANAGEMENT
systems is constantly of greatest priority. It serves as
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE
one of the largest economic industries in Pakistan. The most critical moment for transporting goods
and services from one place to another.
The majority of people lack a basic awareness about Pakistan’s transportation system and
how it affects the growth of the Pakistani economy. Pakistan’s transport system helps the
movement of products both nationally and internationally. By accepting cheaper
transportation costs and faster deliveries, Pakistan’s transportation system has helped
in different industries.

Special roads allow public transportation vehicles to travel more easily, reducing
traffic on the roadways. Secondly, by developing the bus, train, and metro systems,
traffic noise would be minimized.

Transportation Page 18