REFR•_CTING SOUND WAVES 479

FREO.=,,
•½ (,.24"
•' •l ..__
• '"•0
•/ • --PLATES ACOUSTIC
FEED HORN LENS
TRANSDUCER
HORIZONTAL PLAHE VERTICAL PLANE

.....
.79_D_
B
.....
-•26•
,
Fz6. 15. Directionalpatternsof
the slant plate lens of Fig. 14
using a 3-in. diameter feed horn:
(a) Horizontal Plane. (b) ¾erlical
Plan e.

o
....
..............
___--_•_o__o_n
.... j ...................

-16 -8 0 8 0 8 16
ON = DEGREES OFF AXIS DEGREES OFF AXIS
(b)

Fourier spectrumof a complexsoundwave,•0 so a and10 kc asseenin Fig. 1I. Muchhigherresolution

prismof the Wpedescribed
canbe usedasa spectrum couldbeobtainedwithlargerprisms.
analyzer. Very rapid analysescan be taken since all The indexof refraction,as obtainedfrom the meas-
portionsof the wave and all frequencycomponentsuredangleof deviationand the angularwidthof the
requireapproximately equaltimesto passthroughthe prism,was1.23at 4 kc but rosegradually to 1.64at
prismand arriveat the receivingpoints.This is in con- 10 kc. The value of n as obtainedfrom the formula
trast to a gratingwherethereis a time delaybetween involving theobstacle dimensions (withoutfrequency
the ray arriving from the grating element nearest the correction)
is 1.24whichcorresponds very wellwith
receiverand the ray arriving from the most distant the measuredvalue at 4 kc where the index is still
element.Even the smallprism of Fig. 9 couldresolve fairly constant.
four or five frequencycomponents locatedbetween4 kc Thisprismwasoriginallyconstructed
for3 cmmicro-

Fie. 16. A divergentslant plate

cylindrical lens placed in front of
a horn havinga 6-in. squareaper-
ture.

Meyer,E,lectro-Acoustic.
s (G. BellandSons,London,1939),p. 24.

ded 23 Jul 2011 to 72.216.10.141. Redistribution subject to ASA license or copyright; see http://asadl.org/journals/doc/ASALIB-home/info/
 48O W. E. KOCK AND F. K. HARVEY

wave experiments but failedto exhibitthe expected brasssheet,the sheetsspaced 0.375in. apart. Satis-
propertiesat 3.2 or 3.3 cm. It wasthen testedacousti- factoryfocusing actionwasobserved
at a focallength
callyand the reasonfor its behaviorimmediately be- of 18in.at 11kc.Thislensis,of course,
effectiveonly
cameevident.The sizeand spacing of the stripswere for acoustic waves.
suchas to effectresonanceat 3.45 cm, and the 3.3-cm
wave-lengthswere reflected. It was re-examinedat The SlantPlate Array as a Convergent Lens
microwaves at 3.7cmandfoundto operate asexpected Testsweremadeon a 30-in.path lengthlenscom-
and to possess the samerefractive index for acoustic posedof an array of slantedplates(seeFig. 14). Its
andmicrowaves, aspredicted fromtheory.Thisincident aluminumplatesarespaced « in. apartandslantedat
suggeststhat pertinent information about the electro- an angleof 48.3ø (n= 1.5). It wasdesigned to havea
magnetic behavior of periodic structurescan be ob- focallengthof 30 in. forplanewaves.However,in order
tainedfrom the simpleracousticmeasurements. that wavesreceivedfroma distantpointsourcebe flat
to within• of a wave-length overthe30-in.aperture,
The Strip Array as a ConvergentLens the sourcewould have to be 120 ft distant. This was not
A 10-in. diameter double convex lens similar to the possiblein our test room; therefore,with the source
strip prismjust describedwasconstructedfor acoustical 20ft distant,a longer
focallength(38in.)wasemployed
purposes(seeFig. 12). This lensoperateson centimeter to obtain proper focusing.The horizontaldirectional
microwaves andis a modelof the typeprojectedfor the patternof thislensat 11 kc is shownin Fig. 15a.The
New York-Chicago microwaverelay circuit of the verticalpatternis shownin Fig. 15b.In thisplanethe
AmericanTelephoneand TelegraphCompany.At 9 kc slant plates causean unsymmetricaldistributionof
this lens had a focal length of approximatelynine energyacross
thelensfaceandcause
somedissymmetry
in the minor lobe structure. The measuredbeam width
inches.As in the prism,transmission cutsoff sharply
in the neighborhood of 10 kc. of 2.6ø checksfairly well with the expected
65X/d
value of 2.69ø. The lens can be rotated almost 4-15ø
A Modified Strip Lens Using Perforated Metal abouta diametralaxis(withthefeedfixed)beforethe
gainis reducedby 2 db.
A perforatedmetal plate can be lookedupon as a From 10 to 13 kc the measuredgainof the lenswas
modifiedstrip array with the strips runningin two foundto beapproximately 2.5db downfromthat calcu-
perpendiculardirectionsand havingroundholesinstead latedforuniformillumination(G= 4rA/X2).Thiscorre-
of square.Accordingly,perforatedmetal plates were spondscloselyto resultson most microwavelensesand
spacedand stackedto form the 10-in.diameterpiano- paraboloids.This 56 percent "effective area" was
convexlensshownin Fig. 13. The holeswere0.125 in. maintained to within 2 db of this value over the band
in diameterandplacedon 0.200-in.centersin a 0.025-in. from7.5 kc to 15kc, fallingoff at the low endbecause
ACOUSTIC
TRANSDUCER

I I::NS ON
Oo

Fro. 17. Horizontalplanedirec-

tional patterns of the horn of
Fig, 16: left, the horn alone,and
right, the combinationof hornand
diffusinglens.

ded 23 Jul 2011 to 72.216.10.141. Redistribution subject to ASA license or copyright; see http://asadl.org/journals/doc/ASALIB-home/info/