development in science and technology
Lesson 1: History of Science and
Technology in the World: Ancient, Middle
and Modern Ages
● Science and technology can be traced
from the origin of human life 2 million
years ago and each era has significant
advancement.
● The earliest form of science and
technology were human artifacts found
during prehistoric times about 2.3 million
years ago.
● They were roughly shaped stones used
for chopping and scraping, found
primarily in Eastern Africa.
● Some of the earliest records of science
came from Mesopotamian cultures
around 400 B.C., disease symptoms,
chemical substances, and astronomical
observations were some of the evidence
of emerging science.
● From 300 to 400 B.C. there was a rise in
the number of philosophers who wrote
topics on psychology, biology, and a
host of other topics.
● There was Euclid, the founder of
modern geometry, and Archimedes, the
founder of engineering mechanics, and
calculated a value for pi which is still
used to this very day. 3000 B.C. gave
rise to the Bronze Age in the search for
finding pigments used to color human
skin, copper was discovered, and then it
was realized that alloying copper with tin
resulted into bronze which in those days
were used to make swords and other
weapons.
● By 3500 B.C. in Mesopotamia,
two-wheeled carts had been created
and it became the most frequently used
mode of transporting heavy goods from
one place to another Urbanization is the
development of a large cities, and the
first city popped around 3000 B.C.
● In Egypt during this same time, the first
pyramid was built. Pyramids are
undoubtedly the most outstanding
and are still a marvel up to the present.
● During the Middle Ages (450 - 1450
A.D.) gave birth to many scientific and
technological development. Also during
the Middle Ages (often called Dark
Ages), warfare had improved
tremendously. The Renaissance Era in
Europe that began in 1450 and lasted
until 1600 A.D. was the period known as
the rebirth of knowledge.
● In Germany, Gutenberg developed the
printing press which resulted in books
being printed instead of the huge
volume of texts being handwritten.
● In Italy, Leonardo da Vinci, a great
pioneer in Arts, architecture,
engineering, and science, stressed the
importance of experiments. He
produced a vast series of notebooks
with observations on anatomy, cloud
formations, plans for sites, military
inventions, tanks, flying machines, and
submarines.
● Copernicus rediscovered what some of
the ancient Greeks had known that the
sun was at the center of the solar
system and that the earth revolves
around it. This aided Prince Henry, the
navigator, to travel around South Africa,
and Portugal, to reach India.
Modern Science and Technology around
1600 A.D.
● Galileo was the first to use modern
scientific methods based on
experiments and testable observations.
In 1608, some spectacle makers came
to the Republic of Venice where Galileo
was staying with their new invention, a
spyglass for identifying ships well before
they enter a harbor. Galileo heard about
it and promptly set about figuring out
how it worked. He not only succeeded in
constructing his own spyglass, but went
on to build a second one with the
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 magnification stepped up by eight, and
finally thirty times which is now known
as the telescope. He was able to
discover craters and mountains on the
moon. He later invented the microscope
and the thermometer.
● Isaac Newton was born in 1642. He
helped define the laws of gravity and
planetary motion, co-founded calculus,
and explained the laws of light and
color. Albert Einstein became the most
famous scientist of the 20th century. His
work had a profound impact on
everything from quantum theory to
nuclear power and the atom bomb, and
came up also with the famous equation
e = mc2 used in Calculus.
Lesson 2: Science and Technology in the
Philippines
● A Historical Perspective Philippine
science and technology have a long
history. It started before Spain colonized
the country where some indigenous
technology already existed with regard
to wet rice and dry rice agriculture. The
use of technology was also evident in
the handicrafts, pottery, weaving, metal
ware, and boats used by ancient
Filipinos.
Spanish Colonial Period
● The colonization of the Philippines
contributed to the growth of science and
technology in the archipelago. The
Spaniards introduced formal education
and founded scientific institutions.
During the early years of Spanish rule in
the Philippines, Parish schools were
established where religion, reading,
writing, arithmetic, and music were
taught. Sanitation and more advanced
methods of agriculture were taught to
the natives. Later the Spaniards
established colleges and universities in
the archipelago including the University
of Santo Tomas.
American Period and Post-Commonwealth
Era
● The progress of science and technology
continued under the rule. On July 1,
1901, the Philippine Commission
established the American Bureau of the
Department of Interior, the ring was
placed under the Department of I
Government Laboratories which was the
Spanish era. On October 26, 1905, the
Bureau of Government Laboratories
was replaced by the Bureau of Science
with tropical diseases. With the progress
of science and technology, on
December 8, 1933, the National
Research Council of the Philippines was
recognized.The Bureau of Science
became the primary research center of
the Philippines until The Bureau
replaced the Laboratorio Municipal
which was established during The
Bureau dealt with the study of World
War I.
Marcos Era and Martial Law
● Science was given importance during
the Marcos Regime.
● In the amended 1973 Philippine
Constitution, Article XV, Section 9 (1),
he declared that the "advancement of
science and technology shall have
priority in national "Development".
● In his two terms of presidency and
during Martial Law, many laws were
enacted promoting science and
technology. On January 23, 1967, he
declared that science was necessary for
the development programs, and thus,
directed the Department of Education to
revitalize the science courses in public
high schools.
● DepEd and the National Science
Development Board (NSDB) organized
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 a project to provide selected high
schools with science teaching
equipment over a four-year period.
● In 1968 technology was recognized as
the leading factor in economic
development and thus additional funds
were channelled to support projects in
applied sciences and science education.
● The National Science Development
Board established the Philippine Atomic
Energy Commission to explore the uses
of atomic energy for economic
development. Marcos assisted 107
institutions in undertaking nuclear
energy work by sending scientists,
engineers, doctors and technicians to
study nuclear Science and technology
abroad.
● The Philippine Council for Agricultural
Research was also established to
Support the progressive development of
agriculture, forestry, and fisheries tor the
country.
● The Council was attached to the
Department of Agriculture and Natural
Resources for administrative purposes.
● Another agency was established by
Presidential Decree No. 49, s. 1972 and
this is the Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical and Astronomical Services
(PAGASA) under the Department of
National Defense. Its function was to
provide environmental protection and to
utilize scientific knowledge to ensure the
safety of the people. The Philippine
National Oil Company was also created
to promote industrial and economic
development through effective and
efficient use of energy sources (P.D. No.
334, s. 1973).
● In 1976, the National Academy of
Science and Technology was
established and was composed of
scientists with "innovative achievement
in the basic and applied sciences" to
serve as a reservoir of scientific and
technological expertise for the country.
● In 1979, the government funded
scientific research conducted by
National Science Development Board
(NSDB), the Philippine Council for
Agricultural Research and Resources,
the Plant Breeding Institute, the
International Rice Research Institute,
the Bureau of Plant Industry, and the
Bureau of Forest Products.
● The National Committee on Geological
Sciences was created in 1980 to advise
government and private entities on
matters pertaining to geological
sciences (Executive Order No. 625, s.
1980).
● By virtue of Executive Order No. 784, s.
1982, the National Science
Development Board and its support
agencies was reorganized and was
named National Science and
Technology Authority (NSTA) to provide
central direction and coordination of
scientific and technological research
and development.
● The Mindanao and Visayas campuses
of the Philippine Science High School
were established in 1986 to encourage
careers in science and technology and
to be more accessible to the talented
students in the
● Mindanao and Visayas areas in
accordance with Executive Order No.
1090, s. 1986.
Fifth Republic
● Under the Medium Term Philippine
Development Plan for the years
1987-1992, science and technology's
role in economic recovery and sustained
economic growth was highlighted.
Science and technology was one of the
three priorities of the government toward
economic recovery.
● The first Science and Technology
Master Plan or STMP was formulated on
August 8, 1988.
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President Fidel V. Ramos' Term
● In 1988, the Philippines was estimated
to have around 3,000 competent
scientists and engineers. During the
Ramos administration, the Department
of. Science and Technology initiated a
Science and Technology Agenda for
Development (STAND) which embodies
the country's task development plan for
1993- 1998.
● In 1998, a presidential task force was
formed to deal with the overall problems
confronting Research and Development
and Science and Technology
development in the country. It was
tasked to formulate a Science and
Technology development program that
would support the national development
goal of attaining a newly industrialized
country (NIC) status by the year 2000.
● The task force was composed of the
Department of Science and Technology,
Department of Agriculture, Department
of Trade and Industry, Department of
Transportation and Communication, as
well as the adviser on public resources
and three academic institutions involved
in science and technology.
Another Science and Technology framework
plan entitled Competence, Competitive
Conscience: the Medium-Term Plan of the
Department of Science and Technology
(1999-2004). Its six (6) flagship programs are:
1. A comprehensive program to enhance
technology enterprises
2. Integrated program on clean
technologies
3. Establishment of a packaging R and D
center;
4. Expansion of regional meteorology
centers
5. S &T intervention program for the poor,
vulnerable, and disabled, and
6. Comprehensive science and technology
program for Mindanao.
● During his term, he was able to
establish programs that were significant
to the field of science and technology.
● In 1993, Science and Technology
Agenda for National Development
(STAND) was established. Among its
priorities were:
○ Exporting winners identified by
the DTI,
○ Domestic needs identified by
Presidential Council for
Countryside Development;
○ Support industries and
○ Coconut industry development.
● Among the laws enacted by Congress
during President Ramos' term was the:
○ Magna Carta for Science and
Technology Personnel (R.A.
8439);
○ Science and Technology
Scholarship Law of 1004 (R.A.
No. 7687)
○ Inventors and Inventions
Incentives Act (Republic Act No.
7459).
○ The Intellectual Property Code
of the Philippines (Republic Act
No.8293) was also enacted
which provides industrial
property rights, copyrights and
related rights, and technology
transfer arrangements.
President Joseph Estrada's Term
● During their term of President Joseph
Estrada, two major legislations he
signed were the Philippine Clean Air Act
of 1999 (Republic Act No. 8749 which
was designed to protect and preserve
the environment and ensure th
Sustainable development of its natural
resources, and Electronic Commerce
Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 8792)
which outlaws computer hacking and
provides opportunities for new
businesses emerging from the
Internet-driven New Economy.
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Science and Technology during President
Gloria M. Arroyo's Term
● There were numerous laws and projects
that concern both the environment and
science to push technology as a tool to
increase the country's economic level.
This is to help increase the productivity
from Science, Technology and
Innovations (STI) and help benefit the
poor people. Moreover, the term
"Filipinovation" was the coined term
used in helping the Philippines to be an
innovation hub in Asia.
● The Science, Technology, and
Innovation (STI) was developed further
by strengthening the schools and
education system such as the Philippine
Science High School (PSHS), which
focuses on science, technology and
mathematics in their curriculum.
● One of the more known laws to be
passed by her administration was the
R.A. 9367 or the "Biofuels" Act. This act
promotes the development and usage of
biofuels throughout the country. This
potentially enables a cheaper alternative
to gasoline as a medium in producing
energy.
President Benigno C. Aquino
● RA 10601 also covers research,
development, and extension (RDE),
promotion, distribution, supply,
assembling, manufacturing, regulation,
use, operation, maintenance, and
project implementation of agricultural
and fisheries machinery and equipment.
● In 2010, President Benigno Aquino was
considered the "father of Organic
Agriculture" because of his work on the
Organic Agricultural Act of 2010 (R.A.
10068).
● The International Rice Research
Institute (lRRI) is an international
research consortium, including the
Philippines, which serves to improve
rice production and quality through
biotechnology and research.
● In 2014, gross domestic product (GDP)
increased by 6.13%. The gross value
added (GVA) in agriculture and fishing
went up by 1.60%% and this accounted
for 10% of the GDP increase. In an
effort to improve the efficiency of both
land and water, the Harmonized Agenda
for Science and Technology was
presented to President Aquino in 2014
and it included two crucial issues,
inclusive growth, and disaster risk
reduction.
● On May 23, 2016, Republic Act No.
19844, otherwise known as the DICT
Act of 2015, was signed into law. Under
this law, the Department of Information
and Communications Technology will
take charge of planning, developing,
and promoting the national ICT
development agenda.
Lesson 3: Science and Technology and Its
Role in Nation Building
What Science and Technology do for us?
1. It helps us save time and money.
Various contributions of science and
technology have helped us save time
and money. While science has given us
the knowledge of why baked or
steam-cooked food is better than fried or
oily food, technology has gifted us with
microwave and steam cookers that help
us bake and steam-cook our food.
Various objects like computers, modes
of transport, and washing machines help
us save time and energy.
2. Education. Science and technology
have made a significant contribution to
the education field as well. Technology
has made education itself easier. It has
provided us with options like smart
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 classes, multimedia devices, e-libraries,
e-books, etc.
3. Internet. Information technology,
including internet, is an excellent gift of
technology. With the help of internet, we
do not get only immense knowledge on
science and other subjects, but we also
get to stay connected with our friends
and family.
4. Provides us devices for comfortable
sleeping, quick cooking and fast
commute. With the help of objects like
AC microwave and vehicles, science
and technology have made our
sleeping, cooking, and commuting
process easier and faster.
5. It helps us live a better life. While
science has made significant
contributions in health by providing
treatment for various chronic diseases,
technology has benefited us in receiving
those treatments through various ways
and devices like X-ray, scan machines,
operation devices, pacemaker, and
many more. We are also blessed with
numerous exercising equipment, various
health apps, online doctors and other
things that help us maintain good health
and life.
Impact of Technology on Society
Technology has improved transportation.
● Transportation is one of the basic areas
of technological activity. Both society
and businesses have benefited from the
new transportation methods.
Transportation provides mobility for
people and goods. Transportation, like
other technologies, can be viewed as a
system. It is a series of parts that are
interrelated. These parts all work
together to meet a certain goal.
Technology has made possible all types
of transportation and these include
○ Road transport used by
automobiles;
○ Air transport which is used by
airplanes;
○ Water transportation which is
used by ships and speedboats;
and
○ Space transportation used to go
to the moon. Technologies like
automobiles, buses, and trucks
have improved the way humans
move and how they transport
their goods from one place to
another.
Technology has improved communication.
● Communication is used for a number of
purposes. Both society and organization
depends on communication to transfer
information. People use technology to
communicate with each other. Electronic
media like radios, televisions, internet,
and social media has improved the way
we exchange ideas which can develop
our societies. In many countries, radios
and televisions are used to voice the
concerns of society. They organize live
forums where the community can
contribute through mobile phones or text
service systems like tweeter.
Communication and technologies like
televisions. Radio and internet are used
to persuade, entertain and inform the
people about the various programs of
the government. Small businesses have
also used the internet and mobile
communication technology to grow and
improve their business.
The World Wide Web
● Has improved to be an enormous
information base from which information
can be retrieved by means of search
images. Information from all around the
world is housed on the web. With the
development of wed technology, the
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 information can be organized in an
organized manner and relevant
information can be retrieved on
supplying search things to web search
engines. Digitization of information has
been a major breakthrough in the world
information technology.
Technology has improved education and the
learning process.
● Education is the backbone of every
economy. People need well organized
educational infrastructures so that they
The Role of Science and Technology in the
can learn how to interpret information.
Many schools have integrated
educational technologies in their schools
with the aim of improving the way
students learn. Technologies like smart
whiteboards, computers, iPads, and
projectors and internet are being used in
classrooms to boost student’s morale to
learn.
The Role of Science and Technology in
Nation-Building
● Science and technology has been one
of the main driving forces of the
economic growth of nations. Most
developed countries have generated
new technologies with potential to result
in dynamic economic performance.
● Countries like India, South Korea, and
Taiwan in the region have achieved
much through science and technology
and stand out as having demonstrated
the absolute importance of science and
technology for economic growth. These
countries are example for the
developing countries.
● lf scientists and technologists are to
contribute significantly to social and
economic changes resulting in the
development of the country, their role
should expand beyond generation of
new knowledge and assume the role of
advising the decision makers and finally
making the decisions on the science
and technology prospects, choices and
priorities for the country. How can
scientists and technologists contribute to
achieving the multiple role which is a
dire necessity for the economic
development of the country?
● Researchers, as creators of new
knowledge, must focus their work on
nationally and globally important and
competitive areas of research which are
multidisciplinary nature.
Developing World in the 21st Century
● The technological revolutions of the 21st
century are emerging from entirely new
sectors, based on micro-processors,
telecommunications, bio-technology and
Nano-technology. Products are
transforming' business practices across
the economy, as well as the lives of all
who have access to their effects. The
most remarkable breakthroughs ill come
from the interaction of insights and
applications arising when these
technologies converge. Through
breakthroughs in health services and
education, these technologies have the
power to improve the lives of poor
people in developing countries.
Eradicating malaria and cures for other
diseases which are endemic in
developing countries are now possible,
allowing people with debilitating
conditions to live healthy and productive
lives.
● To promote technological advances,
developing countries should invest in
quality education for youth, continuous
skills training for workers and managers,
and should ensure that knowledge is
shared as widely as possible across
society. The state of science and
technology determines the
socio-economic progress of a country. It
is a wellknown fact that national
Arellano, R.│7
 progress is highly correlated to the
capacity of a country to produce local
industrial goods for domestic needs and
that industrialization is very much
dependent on the application of science
and technology.
Lesson 4: Government Laws, Policies,
Plans and Projects Pertaining to Science
and Technology
Introduction
● The role that science and technology
has played in improving the life and
conditions of people in the world is vivid.
Because the Philippines is a developing
country, the status of science and
technology in our country is still below
par when compared with countries like
Japan and USA. There is a great need
therefore to enact more laws and
strengthen existing ones to improve
science and technology including
research and development in the
country.
● Science and Technology Environment
Government Policies and Laws Pertaining
From 1986 to 2016
○ President Corazon Cojuangco
Aquino highlighted the
importance of science and
technology in achieving
economic progress. She helped
establish the Department of
Science and Technology
(DOST) which formulated the
Science and Technology Master
Plan 1991-2000. At that time,
the Philippines aimed to be a
Newly Industrialized Country
(NIC)
○ Succeeding presidents have
had their fair share of policies
geared towards improving the
sector. President Fidel V.
Ramos introduced laws on
inventors' incentives and
science and technology
scholarships while President
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
adopted policies focusing on a
national innovation system and
promoted technological
entrepreneurship under the
Medium-Term Development
Plan 2004-2010.
○ The most recent National
Science and Technology Plan
2002-2020 is largely focused on
building technological
self-reliance. Meanwhile, the
Harmonized Agenda for science
and technology presented to
President Benigno Aquino in
2014 highlighted two critical
issues: inclusive growth and
disaster risk reduction.
○ Critical technologies to address
these issues have been
developed and this include
LIDAR processing, remote
sensing and microsatellites
(DIWATA1).
to Science and Technology
● To improve and strengthen science and
technology including research
development, it is necessary that
government enact laws. Several laws
have been enacted by Congress since
1958 to present. They are as follows:
➢ R.A. 2067 - "Science Act of 1958"- An
Act To Integrate, Coordinate and
Intensify Scientific and Technological
Research and Development and To
Foster Invention To Provide Funds
Therefore and for Other Purposes
➢ R.A. 3589 - An Act Amending RA 2067
Modifying the National Science
Development Board, National Institute of
Science and Technology, and the
Philippine Atomic Energy Commission,
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 Extending Tax Exemption, Privileges
and Grants, Requests and Donations for
Scientific Purposes to Private
Educational Institutions and For Other
Purposes enacted June 22, 1963.
➢ R.A. 5207 - An Act Providing for the
Licensing and Regulation of Atomic
Energy Facilities and Materials,
Establishing the Rules of Liability for
Nuclear Damage and for Other
Purposes.
This Act was approved June 15, 1968 to
encourage, promote, and assist the
development and use of atomic energy for
peaceful purposes as a means to improve the
health and prosperity of the inhabitants of the
Philippines and to contribute and accelerate
scientific, technological, agricultural,
commercial, and industrial progress.
➢ Presidential Decree No. 49, s. 1972
established the Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical and Astronomical Services
(PAGASA). Its function was to provide
environmental protection and to utilize
scientific knowledge to ensure the safety
of the people.
➢ Presidential Decree No. 334, s. 1973
created the Philippine National Oil
Company to promote industrial and
economic development through effective
and efficient use of energy resources
➢ RA. 8749 - The Philippine Clean Air Act
of 1999 was enacted by Congress on
June 23, 1999 to protect and preserve
the environment and ensure the
sustainable development of its natural
resources.
➢ R.A. 8792 - An Act Providing for the
Recognition and Use of Electronic
Commercial and Non-Commercial
Transactions and Documents, Penalties
for Unlawful Use Thereof and For Other
Purposes passed in June 15, 2000.
This Act aims to facilitate domestic and
international dealings, transactions, assignment,
agreements, contracts and exchanges and
storage of information through the utilization of
electronic, optical and similar medium mode,
instrumentality and technology to recognize the
width and reliability of electronic documents
related to such activities and to promote the
universal use of electronic transactions in the
government and the general public.
➢ RA 9513 "The Renewable Act of 2008"
was passed by Congress to accelerate
the development of the country's
renewable energy resources by
providing fiscal and non-fiscal incentives
to private investors and equipment
manufacturers/fabricators/suppliers.
➢ R.A. 10175 - Philippine Cybercrime
Prevention Act of 2012 passed
September 12, 2012 An Act Defining
Cybercrime, Providing for the
Prevention Investigation, Suppression
and the Imposition of Penalties
Therefore and For Other Purposes.
➢ RA. 10612 - An Act Expanding the
Coverage of the Science and
Technology Scholarship Program and
Strengthening the Teaching of Science
and Mathematics in Secondary Schools
and For Other Purposes.
This Act shall be known as the Fast-Tracked
Science and Technology Scholarship Act of
2018. It shall strengthen the country's Science
and Technology education by fast-tracking
graduates in the science, mathematics, and
engineering who shall teach in secondary
schools throughout the country. Towards this
end, scholarships shall be provided to finance
the education of talented and deserving students
in the third year of college and pursuing a
degree or training in the areas of science and
technology and to provide incentives for them to
pursue a career in teaching in high schools in
their home regions.
➢ R.A. 10844 - An Act Creating the
Department of Information and
Communication Technology (DICT)
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 which was signed into law on May 23,
2016
In accordance with the law, the Department of
Information and Communications Technology
(DICT) shall be the primary policy planning,
coordination, implementing, and administrative
entity of the Executive branch of the government
that will plan, develop, and promote the national
ICT development agenda.
To attain the objectives set in the STMP the
following strategies were pursued: modernize
the production sectors through massive
technology transfer fromn domestic and foreign
sources; upgrade the R& D capability through
intensified activitiesin high priority sector and
S&T infrastructure development such as
manpower development; and develop
information networks, institutional building and
S&T culture development.

Science and Technology Agenda for National

Major Science and Technology
Development (STAND) Philippines 2000
Development Plans
● This plan was initiated during the term of
Science and Technology Master Plan (STMP) President Ramoss and it embodied the
country's technology development plan
● This plan was submitted to the in the medium- term, in particular, for the
President in March 1989 by the period 1993-1998. The STAND identified
presidential task force composed of the seven export winners, 11 domestic
Department of Science and Technology needs, three other supporting industries,
(DOST). Department of Agriculture (DA), and coconut industry as priority
Department of Trade Industry (DTI), investment area. The seven identified
Department of Transportation and export winners were computer software;
Communication (DOTC), as well as the fashion accessories; gifts, toys, and
presidential adviser on public resources houseware; marine products; metal
and three academic institutions directly fabrications; furniture; and dried fruits.
involved in S & T. The development of The domestic needs included food,
fifteen (15) leading edges to steer the housing, health, clothing, transportation,
country toward industrial development communication, disaster mitigation,
were: defense, environment, manpower
development and energy. Because of
1. Aquaculture their linkages with the above sectors,
2. Marine Fisheries three additional support industries were
3. Orestry included in the list of priority sectors,
4. Natural Resources namely: packaging, chemicals, and
5. Process Industry metals.Lastly, because of its strategic
6. Food importance, the coconut industry was
7. Feed Industry included in the list.
8. Energy
9. Transportation National Science and Technology Plan (NSTP
10. Construction Industry 2002-2020)
11. Information Technology
12. Electronics ● The Department of Science and
13. Instrumentation And Control Technology (DOST), with the mandate
14. Emerging Technologies of formulating S&T policies, programs,
15. Pharmaceuticals and projects in support of national
development priorities has remained,

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 driven by these guiding visions stated in
the NSTP mainly:
○ By 2004, S&T shal have
contributed significantly to the
enhancement of national
productivity and
competitiveness and to the
solution of pressing problems.
○ By 2010, the Philippines shall
have earned niches and
become a world class
knowledge provider and user in
selected science and
technology areas, and shall
have developed a vibrant S&T
culture.
○ By 2020, the Philippines shall
have developed a wide range of
globally competitive products
and services which have a high
technological content.
The 12 priority areas for S&T development are:
A. Agriculture, forestry & natural resources;
B. Health and medical services;
C. Biotechnology;
D. Information and Communication
Technology
E. Microelectronics
F. Materials, science and engineering:
G. Earth and marine services,
H. Fisheries and aquaculture;
I. Environment;
J. Natural disaster mitigation;
K. Energy; and
L. Manufacturing and service engineering.
Status of Science and Technology and Plans
for Development under President Rodrigo
Roa-Duterte
● The Duterte administration reassured its
commitment to science, technology and
innovation sector. This was established
in the increase in the budget of the
Department of Science and Technology
(DOST). In a speech of President
Duterte delivered by Budget Secretary
Benjamin E. Diokno during the opening
of the National Science and Technology
Week 2017, he stated that the budget of
DOsT has quadrupled in the last seven
years "from P50 billion in 2010 to P208
billion in 2017. The budget for research
and development grew by nearly 6X
over the same period of time from P1
billion in 2009 to P5.8 billion in 2017.
This was disclosed in his speech during
the celebration of the National Science
and Technology Week at the World
Trade Center in Pasay City on July 11,
2017.
● In the 10-point economic agenda, the
promotion of science, technology and
creative arts was included to enhance
innovation and creative capacity
towards self- sustaining inclusive
development. S&T must create an
avenue for development in various
sectors, such as in the economy. DOST
Secretary Fotunato de la Pena identified
the focus of the Department as
technology transfer and
commercialization thus ten percent of its
overall budget was allocated for
technology transfer. This resulted to
generation of 1000 new intelectual
properties that can be adopted in just
one year.
Major accomplishments of the Duterte
administration are:
● Entry into the frontiers of space through
its support to the Philippine Space
Technology Program. DIWATA-1
satellites which was launched in 2016
was made by Filipino scientists who
were trained in Japan. The DIWATA-2
which will be launched in 2018 has
improved the capabilities to better
monitor the country. This was made by
another batch of Filipino scientists. This
space technologies can also be utilized
in other sectors, such as in agriculture
and disaster preparedness.
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 ● A Memorandum of Agreement between different questions that need to be
Russia and the Philippines regarding the answered and there are steps and
space program will soon materialize. actions that need to be undertaken.
● Republic Act 11035 "An Act Flourishing is the highest good of a
Institutionalizing the Balik Scientist human attempt to achieve his/her goal.
Program was signed into law by the It is a success as a human being when
President on June 15, 2018. This law he/she achieved it for the betterment of
would give more incentives to returning his or her life. The best life is one of
Filipino experts, scientists, inventors, excellent human activity. Eudaimonia,
and engineers who would share their literally "good spirited" is a tem
expertise in the country. connected by renowned Greek
● On telecommunication, Department of Philosopher Aristotle (385-323B.C) to
Information and Communication describe the peak of human happiness
Technology, National that can be attain.
Telecommunication Commission and
telecommunication companies have
agreed to standardize voice call charges
to P2.50.
● On weather, 271 new weather stations
were installed by the Department of
Science and Technology throughout the
country. The Zamboanga Doppler
Weather Radar System was also
installed.

Lesson 5: The Human Flourishing in Terms

of Science and Technology

● "Al the world's a stage, And al the men

and women merely players; They have
their exits and entrances, and one man
in his time plays many parts... -William
Shakespeare

Introduction

● Every living creature is meant to

become what it is meant to be. The
caterpillar is meant to become a
beautiful butterfly; a small seed into a
full-grown herb, bush or tree; and a
human baby into a mature person, the
person "who is fully alive, the glory of
God" in use Words of St. Irenaeus.
(Corpuz, 2015).
● As we grow and develop there are
different factors that affect Us, there are

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