Leyson, Jean Aristonet W.

MAEd – Math

Activity in FD 502 (Basic Statistics)

Activity 1

a. Give the null and alternative hypothesis.

Ho : There is no significant difference between the number of mistakes each music student made before
and after they practiced.
Ha : The number of mistakes made by the music students after practicing is lower than their mistakes
before practicing.
b. What statistic test to be used? Justify.
For this given problem, the paired t-test is the most suited to be used because there are measurements
at two different times which are the before and after results of the errors committed by the music
students. Also, there was an intervention made between those two times which was when they practiced
the song five times.
c. Use the JASP or excel to compute for test statistics.
(present the table with the needed information)

Based on Shapiro-Wilk’s Test of Normality, the given data is normally distributed.

d. Give your decision and write a complete description/explanation of the table of values from the
result of your analysis.

The computed p-value is 0.015 which is less than α = 0.05. This means that we should reject the null
hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. Therefore, the number of mistakes made by the music
students after practicing is lower than their mistakes before practicing. In addition, based on the
descriptives, the mean number of mistakes committed prior to practicing is 8.833 while the mean
number of mistakes committed after practicing five times is 5.333. That means to say that conducting
the practice reduced the errors or mistakes committed by the students.
Activity 2

a. Give the null and alternative hypothesis.

Ho : There is no significant difference between the book scores and DVD scores of the non-English
major students.
Ha : The book scores of the non-English majors are higher than their DVD scores.
b. What statistic test to be used? Justify.
For this given problem, we are comparing the statistical differences between the means of the students’
scores after doing two interventions which are making the students read a novel/book or making them
watch it in DVD form. If the data is normally distributed, the t-test for independent samples is the most
suited test to be used. But according to Shapiro-Wilk’s Test of Normality, the given data is not normally
distributed. Therefore, we need to use the Mann-Whitney U Test.

c. Use the JASP or excel to compute for test statistics.

(present the table with the needed information)

d. Give your decision and write a complete description/explanation of the table of values from the
result of your analysis.

The computed p-value is 0.368 which is greater than α = 0.05. That means that we fail to reject the
null. Therefore, there is no significant difference between the book scores and DVD scores of the non-
English major students. In addition, the mean scores of the students by reading the novel/book is 89.895
while the mean scores when they watched it in DVD form is 89.684 which would really show that
there is no significant difference between the two.
Activity 3

a. Give the null and alternative hypothesis.

Ho : There is no significant relationship between the ages and net worth of the wealthiest people in the
Philippines.
Ha : There is a significant relationship between the ages and net worth of the wealthiest people in the
Philippines.
b. What statistic test to be used? Justify.
Since the data given (age and net worth) are of ratio level and normally distributed as per the Shapiro-
Wilk Test for Bivariate Normality, we should use a parametric test which is the Pearson Product
Moment Correlation so that we can test if there is a relationship between the two variables – age and
net worth.

c. Use the JASP or excel to compute for test statistics.

(present the table with the needed information and show the scatter graph)

d. Give your decision and write a complete description/explanation of the table of values from the
result of your analysis.

The computed p-value is 0.676 is greater than α = 0.05. This means that we fail to reject the null.
Therefore, there is no significant relationship between the ages and net worth of the wealthiest people
in the Philippines. In addition, the r value is –0.176 which indicates that there is a very weak negative
relationship between the variables
Activity 4

a. Illustrate the scatter plot.

b. Compute for regression. Show the tables that are needed for reporting and make a description
about these values.

Based on the table above, the correlation between the number of years and monthly maintenance cost is strong
at 0.991. This will help predict the monthly maintenance cost depending on the number of years. The R squared
value is 0.981 would tell us that that the age of the car in years accounts for 98.1% of the variance in terms of
monthly maintenance cost. The Durbin-Watson value which is 1.189 would also tell us that the residuals are
independent. Therefore, the test is valid.

For the ANOVA, the F-value is 420.997 and the P-value is <0.001. This information would tell us that the
model would significantly predict the monthly maintenance cost.
The table above will help predict the monthly maintenance cost of cars based on the age of a car in years and
determine whether or not the age of a car significantly contributes to the regression model.

c. Give the equation regression line and explain what this regression equation mean.

y = 6858.667 + 1177.788x

Based on the equation above, the variable y represents the monthly maintenance cost of the car and x represents
the age of the car in years.

A simple linear regression was used to predict the monthly maintenance cost of a car based on its age in years.
The age of a car explains a significant amount of the variance in its monthly maintenance cost
(F(1, 8) = 420.997, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.981). The monthly maintenance cost of a car is equal to
6858.667 + 1177.788*(age of a car) when the age of a car is measured in years. This means that as a car ages
for another year, there would be an increase of 1177.788 in the amount of the monthly maintenance cost.