Bracing of weak axis of a column

Increasing the strength capacity of a column is applicable by bracing the weak axis of the column laterally
Example

Determine the LRFD strength Ø𝑐𝑐 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 for the 50 ksi axially loaded W14x90 in figure below. This column is
braced perpendicular to its weak axis

Solution
Properties of the member ( A=26.5 in2, rx=6.14 in , ry=3.7 in )
Now and after looking to the column, we Can see that there are to
points to brace the column perpendicular to its weak axis Y-Y and
no any bracing about the strong X-X
𝑑𝑑−2𝑘𝑘 14−2𝑥𝑥 1.31
h/𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 = = = 25.8
𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 0.44

𝐸𝐸 29000
ʎr= 1.49 =1.49 = 35.88
𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 50

25.8<35.88, the element is non-slender

While web is unstiffened element, from case 1
 14.5/2
b/t= = 10.8
0.67

𝐸𝐸 29000
ʎr= 0.56 = 0.56 = 13.49
𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 50

10.8<13.49
Section is non-slender
For weak Axis
L1= 10 ft, L2=10ft, L3= 12ft
Ky1 L1=1x10 = 10 -------- K=1 control for weak axis
Ky2 L2=1X10= 10 -------- K=1
Ky3 L1=0.8X12 =9.6 --------- K=0.8
KX L = 0.8 X 32= 25.6 ------- K=0.8 control for strong axis
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 25.6𝑥𝑥12
= = 50.03 --------- control
𝑟𝑟𝑥𝑥 6.14
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 10𝑥𝑥12
= = 32.43
𝑟𝑟𝑦𝑦 3.7
From table 4-22
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
≈ 51
𝑟𝑟
Ø𝑐𝑐 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 =37.3 ksi

Ø𝑐𝑐 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 =Ø𝑐𝑐 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 x𝐴𝐴𝑔𝑔 =37.3x 26.5=994 k

Question for all

Can we use tables 4-1 to 4-11 to solve the question? .

The answer will be NO because these tables are limited only when the weak axis of a column is the
control axis

But we can use these table if we make a legitimate ploy ‫ﺣﯿﻠﺔ ﺷﺮﻋﯿﺔ‬
 legitimate ploy ‫ﺣﯿﻠﺔ ﺷﺮﻋﯿﺔ‬

Assume the slenderness ratio in Y direction = the slenderness ratio in X direction

𝑘𝑘𝑦𝑦 𝐿𝐿𝑦𝑦 𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 𝐿𝐿𝑥𝑥

=
𝑟𝑟𝑦𝑦 𝑟𝑟𝑥𝑥
𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 𝐿𝐿𝑥𝑥 𝑟𝑟𝑦𝑦
Ky Ly =
𝑟𝑟𝑥𝑥

Now calculate real Ky Ly

𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 𝐿𝐿𝑥𝑥 𝑟𝑟𝑦𝑦
1- if real Ky Ly was equal or larger than this theoretical Ky Ly = Then enter it to the table and find Ø𝑐𝑐 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛
𝑟𝑟𝑥𝑥
𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 𝐿𝐿𝑥𝑥 𝑟𝑟𝑦𝑦
2- if real Ky Ly was less ,then you can use the equivalent slenderness ratio value which is Ky Ly equivalent =
𝑟𝑟𝑥𝑥
Repeated Example

Determine the LRFD strength Ø𝑐𝑐 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 for the 50 ksi axially loaded W14x90 in figure below. This column is braced
perpendicular to its weak axis. Use table 4-1 , ( A=26.5 in2, rx=6.14 in , ry=3.7 in )

Ky1 L1=1x10 = 10 -------- K=1 control for weak axis

Ky2 L2=1X10= 10 -------- K=1
Ky3 L1=0.8X12 =9.6 --------- K=0.8
KX L = 0.8 X 32= 25.6 ------- K=0.8 control for strong axis

𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 𝐿𝐿𝑥𝑥 𝑟𝑟𝑦𝑦 0.8 𝑥𝑥32 𝑥𝑥3.7

Ky Ly equivalent = = =15.42 > 10
𝑟𝑟𝑥𝑥 6.14
then = 𝑘𝑘𝑦𝑦 𝐿𝐿𝑦𝑦 =15.42 , from table 4-1 Ø𝑐𝑐 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 =991 k.
 Design of Axially Loaded Compression Members

The design of columns is a trial-and-error process. The LRFD design stress Ø𝑐𝑐 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 are not known until a
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
column size is selected, and vice versa. To select a column size first assume that the = 50 and the
𝑟𝑟
column is nonslender and continue using formula tell getting adequate section.
Example
Using Fy = 50 ksi, select the lightest W14 available for the service column loads PD= 130k and PL =
210k, KL = l0ft.
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
Pu= ( 1.2)(130k) + ( 1.6)(210k) = 492k , Assume = 50, From table 4-22, Fy = 50 ksi
𝑟𝑟
Ø𝑐𝑐 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 =37.5
𝑃𝑃 492
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 =Ø 𝐹𝐹𝑢𝑢 = = 13.12 in2
𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 37.5

From manual table 1-1

Try W14x48 , A=14.1, rx=5.85 in, ry=1.91in

𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 10 𝑥𝑥12
= =62.83 ≈63 , From table 4-22 , Ø𝑐𝑐 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 =33.7 ksi
𝑟𝑟 1.91

Ø𝑐𝑐 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 =Ø𝑐𝑐 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 x𝐴𝐴𝑔𝑔 =33.7x14.1=475 < 492k not o.k , So try larger section
ChooseW14 X53 , A= 15.6 in2 rx=5.89 in, ry=1.92in
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 10 𝑥𝑥12
= =62.5 ≈63
𝑟𝑟 1.92

From table 4-22 , Ø𝑐𝑐 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 =33.7 ksi

Ø𝑐𝑐 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 =Ø𝑐𝑐 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 x𝐴𝐴𝑔𝑔 = 33.7 x 15.6= 525 > 492k

525−492
The increasing ratio= ≈ 7% 0.k
492