MUSIC

IMPRESSIONISM
Impressionism is a French movement in the late 19th and early 20th
centuries. The sentimental melodies and dramatic emotionalism of the preceding
Romantic Period, whose themes and melody are easy to recognize and enjoy, were
being replaced in favor of moods and impressions.

 Claude Debussy was one of the most influential and leading composers of the 20th century.

The term "Expressionism" was originally used in visual and literary arts. It
was probably first applied to music in 1918, especially to Schoenberg because, like
the painter Wassily Kandinsky (1866–1944), he veered away from "traditional forms
of beauty" to convey powerful feelings in his music. Features of expressionism music
are as follows:
• a high degree of dissonance (dissonance is the quality of sounds that seems
unstable)
• extreme contrasts of dynamics (from pianissimo to fortissimo, very soft to very
loud)
• constant changing of textures
• "distorted" melodies and harmonies
• angular melodies with wide leaps

“Music is the greatest unifier, an incredible force. Something that people who
differ on everything and anything else can have in common.” – Sarah Dessen, Just
Listen. United States: Viking, 2006.

African music is one of the most influential styles of music in the world.
Its highly energetic and rhythmically challenging beats are quite universal.
Jazz, Gospel and Spiritual, and Rhythm and Blues (RnB) are genres of music that
have deep roots to African music.

Idiophones – Sound is produced by the body of the instrument vibrating.

1. Agogo -
2. Shekere
3. Slit/Log drum
4. Atingting Kon (Slit Gong)
5. Balafon

Membranophones – Sound is produced by the vibration of a tightly stretched

membrane.
1. Body percussion -
2. Talking drum
3. Djembe

Lamellaphone – Sound is produced by the vibration of tongues of metal, wood

or other material.
1. Mbira (Kalimba/ Thumb Piano
2. Array Mbira

Chordophones – Sound is produced by the vibration of a string or strings that

are stretched between fixed points.

1. Musical Bow
2. Zeze

Aerophones – Sound is produced through the vibration of air.

1. Fulani
2. Kudu Horn

Popular Latin American Music

1. Samba - It is a dance form of African origin around 1838 which evolved into an
African-Brazilian invention in the working class and slum districts of Rio de Janeiro.
Its lively rhythm was meant to be executed for singing, dancing, and parading in the
carnival.
2. Son – It is a fusion of the popular music or canciones (songs) of Spain and the
African rumba rhythms of Bantu origin. Originating in Cuba, it is usually played
with the guitar, contrabass, bongos, maracas, and claves. Its most important legacy
is its influence on present-day Latin American music, particularly as the forerunner
of the salsa.
3. Salsa – It is a social dance with marked influences from Cuba and Puerto Rico
that started in New York in the mid 1970s. Its style contains elements from the swing
dance and hustle as well as the complex Afro-Cuban and Afro-Caribbean dance
forms of pachanga and guaguanco.

Characteristics of Jazz Music:

a. syncopated rhythms (making part of music off-beat)
- Jazz musicians like to emphasize the notes that they play on the
“upbeats”. Syncopation may be affected by affecting normally weak
beats in a measure, by resting on a normal accented beat, or by tying
over a note to the next measure
b. Polyphonic (producing many sounds simultaneously)
c. Improvisation (creative activity of immediate musical composition)
distortion of pitch and timbre (often utilize complex sounds)

A dramatic work combining text (called libretto) and a musical score, usually in an
elaborate theatrical setting. It incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as
acting, scenery, costumes and sometimes dance. The performance is typically given in an
opera house, cultural center, theatre or auditorium. It is accompanied by an orchestra or
smaller musical ensemble, and the dialogue is entirely and not spoken.

Sandugong Panaginip – banks of the river Pasig, Muslim pirates come to the area to claim the girls as
their tribute.
Bonifacio Abdon as the first Filipino opera
conductor, Dr. Ramon Javier as the first Filipino
opera impresario who promoted local talents to
participate in foreign productions. The Orchestra
Molina was known for their interpretation of operatic
works as well as other classical compositions.
Subsequent Filipino operas followed
sporadically, such as Lakangbini by Patricio
Mariano that was staged at the Metropolitan Theater
on December 19, 1933. The establishment of the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP)
by then First Lady Imelda Romualdez-Marcos in 1969 paved the way for other Filipino
operas to be staged at a legitimate venue of international standard.

Operas based on Rizal’s two novels Noli Me

Tangere and El Filibusterismo were composed by
National Artist Felipe Padilla de Leon. These were
presented at the CCP Main Theater in 1970 and
1975, respectively. Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo were later restaged also at CCP as
musical plays with new music composed by Ryan
Cayabyab and new creative team.

La Loba Negra (The Black She-Wolf)

- A three-act Filipino opera. Act I and II are based on history. Act III is based on a legend
attributed to Fr. Jose Burgos, one of the three martyred priests.
Noli Me Tangere- The novel was written to expose the ills of the Spanish Catholic friars
and the ruling government. It was finished in 1886.

EL FILIBUSTERISMO, THE OPERA- a sequel to the earlier Noli Me Tangere. It tells of the continuing
struggle of the Filipino people to achieve freedom and emancipation from colonial rule.

ARTS

Filipino Modern Artists and their Works

JOSE JOYA. He was a Filipino abstract artist and a National Artist of the Philippines awardee.
. He is a proponent and follower of Abstract Expressionism in the Philippines. His art compositions were
characterized by "dynamic spontaneity" and "quick gestures" of action painting. He is the creator of
compositions that were described as "vigorous compositions" of heavy impastos, bold
brushstrokes, controlled dips, and diagonal swipes.

ABSTRACT REALISM
Abstract realism, like art, is a fusion of imagination and innovation
brought about by impressionism and expressionism. The artists mix their
thoughts, feelings, and emotions into their paintings of real-life objects.

DADAISM
Dadaism was an artistic movement in the early 20th century, practiced by a
group of European writers, artists, and intellectuals in protest against World War I.
The artworks showed rejection of logic, reason, and aestheticism and expressed
nonsense, irrationality, and anti-elite protest in their works. It is a style characterized
by dream fantasies, memory images, and visual tricks and surprises, as seen in the
paintings of Marc Chagall and Giorgio de Chirico below.

Surrealism is an art style that depicts an illogical and subconscious dream

world beyond the logical, conscious, and physical one. It was derived from the term
super-realism, with its artworks clearly showing hallucinations, dreams, seeing
illusions, and a departure from what is real and natural.

CUBISM
It is an early 20th-century art movement that made innovations in paintings
and sculptures in Europe. The art style derived its name from the cube, a three-
dimensional geometric figure which is composed of measured lines, planes, and
angles. The artworks of the cubist artists are a playful combination of planes and
angles on a flat surface. Cubism was considered the most influential art movement
of the 20th century. The most notable proponent of cubism was Pablo Picasso.

Elements of Art as Applied to Technology-Based Art

The elements of art help you identify and interpret an artwork easily. These are line,
shape, color, value, form, texture, and space. These are incorporated in any
artwork- traditional or technology-based/digital art.
ELEMENTS DEFINITION SAMPLE

Line Form
Distance between two Can be created by the
points (or the path of a forming of two or more
moving point), taking any shapes or as a three-
form along the way. dimensional shape

Shape Texture
A figure of a particular Quality of a surface or
condition that outlines the way any work of art
anything that you can see is represented.

Color Different hues, shades

applied in arts and design Space
Refers to the distances
Value or areas around,
The use of lightness and between, or within
darkness of color, components of a piece.
shading, and highlighting
in an artwork.
Media-based art “a unique medium of artistic expression that can amplify
and integrate the four traditional art forms by incorporating the
technological advances of the contemporary world with emerging skill sets
available to students and teachers.
Modern Techniques and trends and its artistic concept and ideas.
❖ Photography- Considered as one of the most powerful means of
communication. Important means of conveying information and
ideas, expressing emotions, even championing causes and
eloquently speak out against social and political issues.
❖ Film- real life footage as well as file materials, in many cases to
present an issue and examining Filipino character.
❖ Animation- animated film adaptation creating an illusion of
movement, each drawing differs slightly from the one before it.
❖ Print media – reflecting or commenting on current political and
social issues or on the Filipino character.
❖ Innovation in product and Industrial Design - highlighting the
interior with raw and unfinished materials that give a great
expression to the house when mixing the modern finishes with the
assembly of the raw state materials just like an impression of an
unfinished drawing or illustration giving it a quite impressive
expression

THEATER - one major art form that brings together all the other art forms—from painting and
sculpture, to installation art, to music, to dance, to literature, even to computer arts--- in a single
production

THEATER ROLES
1. The Director (Major Roles in a Theatrical Production)
– The director is responsible for the main vision of the
production. They must interpret the script and the
characters relationships. They lead rehearsals and
determine stage blocking. They need to communicate their
needs to the various departments. These departments
include: (• The House Manager • The Stage Manager)

The Actors – The actors deliver the script, work with

the director to determine relationships with the other
characters, and strive to fulfill the pacing and tempo
decisions of the director.

Stage Manager – The Stage Manager is responsible

for the running of the stage during production. They
are required to call for the cueing of lights, sounds,
sets, props, and actors during the show.
Light Crew – The Light Crew is Responsible for the
servicing, hanging, colourfiltering and focusing
lighting instruments to meet the design specifications
developed by the Technical Director.Sound Crew –
Music, sound effects and sound reinforcement are all
the domain of the Sound Crew. They must fabricate the
sound track for the production, collecting or creating
the sounds necessary for the play.

The Choreographer-creates original dance

movements and routines for performances and
productions.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Strength training specializes in the inducement of muscular contraction
through the use of free weights, weight machines, and resistance bands which builds
the strength, size of skeletal muscles, and anaerobic endurance. It strengthens and
increases the amount of muscle mass in the body by making the muscles work
harder than they're used to. It improves overall health and well-being because the
bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments are strengthened and toughened. It also
increases metabolism, improves cardiac function, and elevates good cholesterol.

Brisk walking is defined as walking continuously at a fast speed.

Lifestyle is the way which an individual lives.
Risk factors are variables in one’s lifestyle that may lead to certain ailments.

Sprains- ACL and meniscus

Injuries to tears of the knee-
ligaments, the A rip in one of the
tissues that ligaments that
connect bones helps stabilize the
to one another. knee or cartilage
that cushions the
Musclestrains- knee joint.
Injuries to
muscles or Rotator cuff tears-
tendons, the Rips in the
tissues that group of
connect muscles muscles and
to bones. their tendons
that hold the
Tendinitis- arm in the
Inflammation of shoulder
a tendon, often socket.
due to overuse.
Street dancing
is a broad umbrella term that describes a range
of funk and hip-hop dance
atyles that have grown from the USA since the
1970s.
Locking refers to fast, exaggerated, movements
which then freeze into a rigid position.
Krumping is characterised by free, expressive
and energetic movement of the arms, legs, chest
and head.
Cheerleading is an activity in which the
participants (called "cheerleaders") cheer for
their
team as a form of encouragement. It can range
from chanting slogans to intense physical
activity.
To Cheer is to shout out words or
phrases that may well motivate the team and
perform better during the Game
⮚ Dance, on the other hand, is a physical
activity where one expresses emotions or
gestures while performing bodily movement
usually In Time with rhythm.
The food we eat plays a vital role in how we
look
and feel. Regular exercise is important but
according
to research, nutrition has the largest impact on
our
fitness.
HEALTH
Health professionals are licensed to practice
medicine.
Health services consist of medical professionals,
organizations, and ancillary health care workers
who provide medical care to those in need.
A health care provider is an individual health
professional or a health facility organization
licensed to provide health care diagnosis and
treatment services including medication, surgery
and medical devices.
Hospital - It is an institution where people
undergo medical diagnosis, care, and treatment.
In the Philippines, there are two classifications
of hospitals: general and specialty.
Three Forms of Quackery
1. Medical quackery includes cures, treatments,
and remedies of various
health conditions that are drugless or bloodless
in nature.
2. Nutrition quackery involves the promotion of
food fads and other
nutritional practices that claim to be all-natural.
These are believed to
have beneficial properties of multiple plants in
one product.
3. Device quackery makes use of miraculous
gadgets (such as dials,
gauges, electrodes, magnets, and blinkers) that
are believed to cure
certain health conditions.
Consumer Act of the Philippines (RA 7394)
It is a national policy which aims to protect the
interest of the consumers and
buyers of products and services, promote
consumers’ general welfare, and to set
and maintain standards of conduct for both the
business and industrial sectors.
Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of
1997 (RA 8423)
It is an act creating the Philippine Institute of
Traditional and Alternative
Health Care (PITAHC) to accelerate the
development of traditional and alternative
health care in the Philippines, providing for a
traditional and alternative health
care development fund and for other purposes.

Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive
Health Act of 2012 (RA 10354)
The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive
Health Act of 2012, also
known as the Reproductive Health Law or RH
Law, is a law in the Philippines that
guarantees universal access to methods such as
contraception, fertility control,
sexual education, and maternal care.
Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of
1998 (RA 8504) is an act promulgating policies
and prescribing measures for the
prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the
Philippines, instituting a nationwide
HIV/AIDS Information and Education Program,
establishing a comprehensive
HIV/AIDS monitoring system, strengthening the
Philippine National Aids
Council, and for other purposes.
What is Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)?
It is a viral infection that attacks and slowly
destroys the immune system of the
infected person that leads to “immune
deficiency”. It is progressive and can lead to
lack of body defense to all kinds of infection
including those that do not normally
infect man and can also lead to cancer
susceptibility.
What is Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome (AIDS)?
It is a condition characterized by a combination
of signs and symptoms, caused
by HIV contracted from another person. AIDS
attacks and weakens the body’s
immune system, making the person who
contracted the disease susceptible to other
life-threatening infections.
5. National Blood Services Act of 1994 (RA
7719) promotes voluntary blood donation to
provide sufficient
supply of safe blood and to regulate blood
banks. This act aims to inculcate public
awareness that blood donation is a humanitarian
act.
6. Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (RA
10175) The act aims to address legal issues
concerning online interactions. With the
advancement of technology, there are
various platforms where you may express
yourself. This may do both good and
harm to you.
Health Issue - Any of the important statements
in health that is in dispute and must be settled.
Health Trend - Any general tendency to change
in health concepts, information, skills, and
values.
GLOBAL HEALTH - Diverse health issues,
concerns and trends which call for all
nations to address and act on to promote and
protect health of individuals and groups across
boundaries.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) -
The primary international body
responsible for developing leadership in health,
setting norms and standards, and providing
health support among nations around the world.
Global Health Initiatives - These are programs
and projects which help address global
health issues, concerns, and trends.
These are goals set by the United Nations for its
member- nations to be fulfilled on an
agreed span of time (2015) to be evaluated and
counter-checked under world standards. UN
created MDG in 2000 in effort to improve life in
developing regions by 2015.
CAREER is an occupation or profession that
requires special training.

Health Career Planning refers to an individual’s

plan to make a career choice, growing in
the chosen career or making a career shift.
Career planning involves the very important step
of
self-assessment.

Self-assessment is necessary to understand one’s

capabilities and drawbacks. The various
career options should be explored in detail to
find a fit between one’s abilities and the
opportunities by a career option. It involves
continuous learning and improvement to build
and grow in the chosen career path.